1 Question No.

5 (B)
Given Data:
Mean Velocity = 2.1 m/s
Grain Size = ds = 0.5 mm
Density of sediment material = ρs = 2650 kg/m3
Dynamic Viscosity = 1.36 x 10-3 kg/ms
Depth of water = D = 11 m
Density of water = ρ = 1040 kg/m3
Drag Coefficient = 4 x 10-3

Solution
First of all, get kinematic Viscosity using dynamic viscosity
𝐷𝑦𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑉𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝜐=
ρ
1.36 ∗ 10
=
1040
𝜐 = 1.31 ∗ 10 𝑚 /𝑠
By Using Ackers and White Method:
First of all find the grain diameter Dgr
∆𝑔
𝐷 = 𝑑𝑠( )
𝜐
𝜌
∆= −1
𝜌
2650
∆= − 1 = 1.55
1040
Now, let’s calculate Dgr
0.5 1.55 ∗ 9.81
𝐷 = [ ]
1000 (1.31 ∗ 10 )
𝐷 = 10.347 /m or 10347/mm which is > 60mm

So for coarse sediments where Dgr>60mm;

n = 0.0, m = 1.5, A = 0.17, and c = 0.025
Now, let’s calculate Resistive Force of grain (F gr)
1 𝑉
𝐹 = ∗
𝑔∆𝑑 10𝐷
√32log ( 𝑑 )

1 2.1
= ∗
0.5
9.81 ∗ 1.55 ∗ 10(11)
1000 √32log [ ]
0.5
1000
𝐹 = 0.80

Now, calculate Ggr;

𝐹
𝐺 = 𝑐( − 1)
𝐴
0.80 .
= 0.025( − 1)
0.17
𝐺 = 0.18
𝑉
𝑢∗ =
10𝐷
√32log ( 𝑑 )

2.1
𝑢∗ =
2.1
√32log [ 0.5
]
1000
𝑚
𝑢∗ = 0.07
𝑠
Now;
𝑞 𝐷 𝑢∗
𝐺 = ( )
𝑞 𝑑 𝑉

𝑞 11 0.07
0.18 = [ ) ]
𝑞 0.5 2.1
1000
𝑞
= 8.18 ∗ 10
𝑞
Where qt = total sediment transport in volumetric rate per unit width of the channel and q is the
unit of water discharge.
Ackers and White (1973) verified their proposed approach with a limited amount of field data
and claimed satisfactory results. However, White et, al (1975) tested Ackers and White theory as
well as seven other sediment load predictors against over 1000 flume experiments and 260 field
measurements.
The comparison showed that in general, Ackers and White theory is superior to the other
methods. According to this analysis, about 68% of sediment discharges predicted by the Ackers
and white theory fell in the range 0.5-2.0 times of the measured of the bed material transport
rates, which indicates a satisfactory accuracy.