Meeting 9.

Adaptive cellular immunity

 Cellular immunity

T cell completed the

development in
thymus.

Native T cells are

activated by antigen
presented by
dendritic cells
The Role of Effector T cells
Naïve T cell Activation

1. T cell entry into cortex of

lymph node

2. T cell meet antigen

presented by dendritic cell

3. Activated T cell differentiate

to effector cells and exit the
lymph node
Different T cell type activated by
different pathogen
Signal needed for CD4 T cell activation

1.Activation of naïve T cells by CD4 co-

receptors

2.Co-stimulatory signal (CD28-B7) increase

survival of T cells that has received signal
1

3.Differentiation of T cell depend on the

signal deliver by APC
CD28-dependent co-stimulation of activated T
cells induces expression of interleukin-2 and the
high-affinity IL-2 receptor
IL-2 modulates T-cell differentiation and
enhances proliferation

Immunobiology | chapter 9 | 09_021

Murphy et al | Ninth edition
© Garland Science design by blink studio limited
Activation of T cell changes the
expression of several cell-surface
receptors
Signal 3 delivered by APC

cytokines

promotors

cytokines
Signal needed for CD8 T cell activation

Effector T cells can respond to their target

cells without co-stimulation
Prevention of immune response to self
antigen

Both antigen-specific signal

and co-stimulatory signal are
crucial in preventing immune
response to self antigen
Most CD8 T cells responses require
CD4 T cells
Different effector molecules produced by different
types of effector T cells subset, which deal with
different classes of pathogen
Different effector molecules produced by different
types of effector T cells subset, which deal with
different classes of pathogen
 Subsets of CD4 effector T cells are specialized to
provide help to different target cells for the eradication of
different classes of pathogens
A shared requirement for TGF-β in the
differentiation of Treg and TH17 cells
Interaction of T cells with target cells initially involve
nonspecific adhesion molecules
Cellular polarization of T cells during specific antigen recognition
T cell mediated cytotoxicity

• Cytotoxic T cells induce target cells to

undergo apoptosis

• Cytotoxic T cells act by releasing

cytokines T cell mediated cytotoxicity
Cytotoxic CD8 T cells induce apoptosis in target cells
Cytotoxic effector proteins released by cytotoxic T cells
Cytotoxic effector proteins deliver granzymes into
cytosol of target cells to induce apoptosis
Cytotoxic T cells only kill target cells
bearing specific antigen
Macrophage activation by TH1 cells

1. TH1 cells have a central role in

macrophage activation

2. Macrophage activation by TH1 cells

promotes microbial killing and tightly
regulated to avoid tissue damage

3. TH1 coordinate the host response to

intracellular pathogens
Macrophage activation by TH1

Bacterial peptide specific TH1 contacts an

infected macrophage

T cells secrete IFN-γ & express CD40 ligand

Activate macrophage to kill intra vesicular

bacteria
Immune response to intracellular bacteria is
coordinated by activated TH1 cells
 Conclusion
Activated T cell undergo differentiation depend on the signal delivered by APC
:
1. TH1(IL-12, IFN-γ)
2. TH2(IL-4)
3. Treg ( TGF-β)

Different type of effector T cells deal with different classes of pathogen, and
produce different type of effector molecules :

1. CD8 T cell (CTL) → intracelluler pathogen (virus)

2. CD4 T cell : extracellular pathogen

CD8 T cells → kill virus infected cells by inducing apoptosis and cytokine
production
TH1activate macrophages to kill intravesicular bacteria.
Thank You