NAME OF THE SCHOOL

PROJECT DETAILS

NAME OF THE STUDENT:

CLASS: X

SECTION:

NAME OF THE UNIT: “INDIAN RELIEF FEATURES”

PROJECT NAME: “USING THE RAISED RELIEF MAP & PHYSICAL

MAPS IN YOUR ATLAS MAKE MODELS OF INDIA IN THE BOOK”

SUBJECT: SOCIAL STUDIES

INDIVIDUAL / GROUP:

BOOKS/REFERENCE:

GUIDE TEACHER NAME:

SUBMITTED ON:

SIGNATURE OF THE TEACHER

INTRODUCTION:
India has second place in the World’s population, occupies seventh place
in World’s area and also has different physical features. Among all the
World countries, India has peculiar characteristics. I have selected this
project to know the special features of India.
AIM:
 To show the different relief features with different colours.
 To make understanding about the Indian Peninsula which had water on
three sides and land on one side.
 To show the differences between South and North India.
 To locate the mountain, plateaus and peaks easily.

 This project is selected to know the location of India on the world map i.e.,
in latitude wise India is located in Northern Hemisphere and longitude wise
in Eastern Hemisphere.

COLLECTION OF INFROMATION:
The necessary information regarding the physical location of India has
been collected from Atlas, Library books, Internet, 10 th class Text book
and from our teachers.
LOCATION OF INDIA:
India is located between & 8° 4' & 37° 6' North Latitude and 68° 7' & 97°
25' East Longitudes.
 AREA:
India occupies 7th place in the world with 3.28 million square kilometres
of area.

THE PHYSICAL DIVISIONS OF INDIA:

Himalayas Plains Plateaus Coastal Plains Islands

Indo - Gangetic Malwa East Coastal Andaman &
1. Himadri
Plain Plateau Plain Nicobar
Deccan West Coastal
2. Himachal Indus Plain Lakshadweep
Plateau Plain
3. Shiwalik

Along with these we also collected the information about the highest peaks, Thar
Desert, rivers etc.
ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION:
The Relief Features of India can be divided into six groups:
1. The Himalayas
2. The Indo Gangetic Plains
3. The Peninsular Plateau
4. Coastal Plains
5. Desert Islands
THE HIMALAYAS:
There are three ranges of Himalayas
1. Greater Himalayas (Himadri)
2. Lesser Himalayas (Himachal)
3. Outer Himalayas (Shivaliks)

1. GREATER HIMALAYAS
 Himadri
 Northern most ranges
 Width - 500 KM West to 200 KM East
 Height - 8000 Mts above
 Important ranges:
1. Mt. Everest ( Nepal) - 8,849 M 4. Nanga Parbat - 8,126 M
2. Kara Koram (Jammu & Kashmir) 5. Annapurna (Nepal) - 7,937 M
K2 Peak - 8,611 M 6. Nanda Devi(Uttarakhand)-7,816 M
3. Kanchana Janga (Sikkim) -8,586 M

2. LESSER HIMALAYAS
 Himachal
 South to the Greater Himalayas
 Rugged Relief Mountains
 Width - 60 to 80 Km
 Elevation/height - 3700 to 4500 M
 Consists Valleys, mountains & hill stations
 Ex: Highest Mountain - Pirpanjal (Himachal Pradesh)
 Ex: Mahabharat ( Nepal)
 Valleys - Kashmir, Kulu & Kangra

3. OUTER HIMALAYAS
 Shivaliks
 Southernmost himalayas
 Width - 10 to 15 KM
 Elevation/height - 900 to 1100 M
 Different names
 Jammu - Jammu Hills
 Arunachal Pradesh - Mishmi Hills
 Assam - Chacchar Hills
 Duns - Deep valleys which are found between lesser & outer himalayas. Ex: Dehra
Dun, Patli Dun & Kotli Dun
 Brahmaputra valley (Arunachal Pradesh) - Eastern Boundary of Himalayas
 Purvanchal known as Patkai hills, Naga hills, Manipuri hills, Khasi hills & Mijo hills
THE INDO GANGETIC PLAINS:
 This is the region between Himalayas & Peninsular Plateaus
 Northern plains
 Plains areas are called low lands
 In the past, they are valleys but by himalayas with perinnial rivers & debries are throw
in that valley thus Indo Gangetic Plains are formed
 Consists of pebbles, gravel, rock, silt & debries
 These are formed by 3 Major rivers
1. Indus
2. Ganga
3. Brahmaputra
 Area - 7 lakh Sq.Km
 Distance - above 3,200 km
 Width - 150 to 300 km
 Elevation - 2000 to 3000 M
 Indo Gangetic Plains - 4 land forms
1. Bhabar
2. Terai
3. Bhangar
4. Khadar
THE PENINSULAR PLATEAU:
 Indian plateau is also known as Peninsular plateau
 It is surrounded by 3 sides of water
 South to Indo gangetic plains
 Area - 15 lakh Sq.Km
 Height - 600 to 900 M
 Formed by hard igneous & metamorphic rocks
 Topography tilted towards east
 Consists of large & small plateaus, hills, river basins, valleys
 About 600 million years ago it was a part of Gondwana & Volcanic origin.
 Greater Peninsular Plateau division:
1. Malwa Plateau (Central highlands)
2. Deccan Plateau (Peninsular Plateau)

THE COASTAL PLAINS; DESERT & ISLANDS:

THE COASTAL PLAINS

 Deccan Plateau is covered by coastal plains along Arabian sea & Bay of Bengal
 Length of Coastal line = 6,100 KM
 Coastal states - 9
1. Gujarat - Baroda 6. Tamil Nadu - Coramandal
2. Maharashtra & Goa 7. Andhra Pradesh - Sircar
3. Konkan 8. Odisha - Uttkal
4. Karnataka - Kanara 9. West Bengal - Vanga
5. Kerala - Malabar
 Coasts of India is divided into 2 :
1. West Coastal Plains
2. East Coastal Plains

THE DESERT
 Known as Great Indian Desert
 Largest desert in India
 Area - 2 Lakh Sq.Km
 It covers large part of Western Rajasthan & small part of Haryana & Pakistan
 Average Annual Rainfall - 100 to 150 MM

THE ISLANDS
 The land which is covered by 4 sides of water
 Two group of Islands:
1. Andaman & Nicobar Island - Bay of Bengal
2. Lakshadweep Island - Arabian sea
 India - 243 Islands
1. 223 - Bay of Bengal
2. 24 - Arabian Sea
RESULTS:

 I came to know the location of India on the Globe & Atlas.

 I came to know that the World’s highest peak, the Everest is in Nepal and
the highest peak in India, the Kanchan Junga is in the state of Sikkim.
 I also came to know the origin of the Himalayas, the river systems and the
plateaus.

CONCLUSION:

I felt very happy to collect the various and peculiar information about India
Relief Features. I came to know many things which are not known to us so
far.