PRODUCTION, LOCATION AND CHANGE

1 Fig. 1 shows actual and projected trends in world food production, 1995–2018.

(a) (i) Describe the trends shown in Fig. 1. [4]

(ii) Outline three reasons for the projected growth in food production. [6]

(b) Use one or more examples to explain why agricultural change is easier to achieve in some
cases than in others. [20]

2 (a) Using examples, explain how and why some manufacturing industries may have economies of
scale while other manufacturing industries have diseconomies of scale. [10]

(b) With reference to one country, assess the success of the government in changing the character
and location of manufacturing industry and its related services. [20]

3 (a) With the help of one or more examples, describe how agricultural technology can both help
food production and create problems on farms. [10]

(a) Assess the role of political factors in encouraging agricultural change. [20]

4 (a) Photograph A shows manufacturing production in a toy factory in Asia. It is estimated that Asia
produces 90 % of the world’s toys.

Describe the features of the manufacturing production shown in Photograph A and suggest
reasons why LEDCs may be attractive locations for manufacturers. [10]

(a) How far do you agree that the informal sector of manufacturing and services has an important
role to play in the economy and society of LEDCs? [20]
5 (a) It is estimated that between 10 and 40 % of food is lost after harvest and never gets eaten
or sold. Suggest how these losses may occur. [10]

(a) With reference to one agricultural holding, producer or system, assess the success of attempts
to overcome the difficulties experienced in agricultural production. [20]

6 (a) Fig. 1 is a drawing of an industrial park to be built in China.

Explain the advantages for manufacturing and related services of locating in a purpose-built
industrial area such as the one shown in Fig. 1. [10]

(a) With reference to one country, assess the success of attempts to overcome issues affecting
its manufacturing industry. [20]
7 (a) Fig. 1 shows models of two different farming systems.

i Compare the systems shown in Figs 1A and 1B. [4]

ii Explain the advantages and disadvantages of extensive subsistence farming. [6]

(b) ‘Agricultural technology frees farmers from the constraints of physical geography’. With the
help of one or more examples, assess this view. [15]

8 (a) Describe and explain the influence of transport on the location of manufacturing industry. [10]

(b) With reference to one or more examples, assess the success of export processing zones
(EPZs). [15]
9 (a) Table 1 gives estimated annual production from cattle in selected types of agriculture in
sub-Saharan Africa in 2006.

Describe, and suggest reasons for, the differences shown in Table 1. [10]

(a) With reference to one or more examples, assess the role of the government in promoting
agricultural change. [15]
10 (a) With the help of one or more examples, explain what makes a location attractive to
manufacturing and related service industry. [10]

(a) Assess the extent to which recent changes in manufacturing production in one named country
have been successful. [15]