refers to tourists entering a given country.

The
1. Inbound tourism phenomenon arising out of a visit by a foreigner in
one's country can be termed as inbound tourism.
Simply, it involves visits to a country by non-
residents.

refers to tourists leaving their country of origin for

2. Outbound tourism another. A foreigner is an outbound tourist in
relation to a person residing in his/her country. In
other words, outbound tourism is concerned with
residents of a country visiting destinations in other
countries.

is the act of traveling to another country other than

3. International tourism where you live at least 24 hours and no more than
one year for purposes of leisure or business

Domestic tourism is the term used to describe

4. Domestic tourism tourism activities that take place in the tourist's own
country. In other words, the country of origin and
destination is the same. The travel takes place
within the country, spends at least 24 hours in the
destination he visits and this destination is situated
in his own country.

this measures the travel propensity among

5. Net Travel individuals in the population. That means, it refers
propensity to the percentage of the population that takes a leats
one tourism trip in a given period of time. The
number of trips a person is undertaking is not
considered.

refers to percentage of trips taken by the population

6. Gross travel in a given period of time. If a person is taking three
propensity trips in a particular period of time, then “three”
will be the number considered for finding out the
gross travel propesity.

(November 22, 1808 – July 18, 1892, British) is

7. Thomas Cook regarded as the forefather of the travel business and
the founder of Thomas Cook Travel Inc, a travel
 firm.

known as a tour to the principal cities and places of

8. Grand tour interest in Europe, formed said to be an essential
part of the education of the young man of good birth
and fortune.

an ancient trade route that linked the Western world

9. The silk road with the Middle East and Asia. Westbound caravans
carried furs, ceramics, spices, the day lily for its
medicinal uses, peaches, apricots, and even
rhubarb. Eastbound ones carried precious metals
and gems, ivory, glass, perfumes, dyes, textiles,
grapevine, cucumbers, figs, and safflower.

Traveling with one's own facilities for shelter and

10. Caravaning often for eating. A caravan or van is a type of
automobile with sleeping space.

a special journey made by a pilgrim to a holy place

11. Pilgrimage for religious reasons.

Is an abbrivation form of World Travel/Tourism

12. WTO Organization

Is an abbrivation form of Visiting Friends and

13. VFR Relatives

Is an abbrivation form of Food and Berverage refer

14. F&B to the range of catering establishment in tourism
industry, such as restauranr and café, fastfood
establishments, pubs, and bar…

A trip offered by an organization, usually a business

15. Incentive trip firm, to reward successful effort or to induce an
employee to make a greater effort.
 An airline that operates its aircraft on routes and at
16. Non-scheduled times when there is a demand for service rather than
airline following a timetable.

Services where the public can obtain food and

17. Catering service drink; in other words, the restaurant and bar
business.

A group of people with the same purpose or

18. Affinity group interests traveling to the same destination. An
example is a garden club making a tour of English
gardens.

The number of seats that have been sold on an

19. Load factor aircraft. The term also refers to the percentage of
seats that must be sold before a flight is profitable.

A place at which boats can dock. The marina

20. Marina usually offers electricity, telephones, water, etc., so
that people can use their boats for accommodations.

A catering service in which food and drink are

21. Room service brought to a guest's room in a hotel.

refer to the auxiliary or the supplementary services

22. Ancillary services offered at the destination. Local organizations are
the best examples, which usually offer various
services to tourists.

is a trip for people involved in tourism to survey the

23. Familiarization trip necessary conditions, and new services in terms of
transportation, accommodations, and catering
(FAM trip) businesses.
 A group of people with the same purpose or
24. Affinity group interests traveling to the same destination. An
example is a garden club making a tour of English
gardens.

refers to the friendly reception and treatment of

25. Hospitality strangers. The operating sectors of tourism are
responsible for delivering high-quality, memorable
experiences.

Refers to the easiness in reaching a destination. A

26. Accessibility destination must be accessible if it is to facilitate
visits by tourists.

Various researchers have pointed out that every

27. Destination life cycle destination has a life span and passes through
various stages. There are seven distinguishable
stages in the life cycle of a destination such as
exploration, involvement, development,
consolidation, stagnation, decline and rejuvenation.

The tourist money that leaves the tourist destination

28. Leakage area because of imports, profits for foreign
investors, and so on.

are those essential services catering to the

29. Amenities requirements of the tourists? (In some cases,
amenities are represented as infrastructure required
for tourism.) The amenities required for tourism
include the facilities such as accommodation and
food, local transport, information centres and the
necessary infrastructure to support tourism such as
roads, public utility services, and parking facilities.

A situation when the total number of rooms reserved

30. Overbooking for a certain period of time exceeds the total number
of rooms available for sale the same period.
 a percentage of the price of a sale that is paid to the
31. Commission seller. Travel agents work on commission basis for
most of their business.

People who work for themselves. Many free-lance

32. Free–lancer writers specialize in the travel field.

a house of shelter or rest for pilgrims, strangers,

33. Hospice especially one kept by a religious order.

A pamphlet is usually put out for promotional

34. Brochure purposes.
An elaborate pamphlet on glossy paper with
beautiful color photographs, or a simple throwaway
with a page of detail for a tour.

The industries with a high proportion of workers to

35. Labor intensive the number of people served are called labor-
intensive.

a percentage of the price of a sale that is paid to the

36. Price inelastic seller. Travel agents work on commission basis for
market most of their business.
A market that responds to the inducement of lower
prices. The opposite is a price inelastic market.

Income that can be spent for purposes other than

37. Disposable income such necessities as food, shelter, and taxes.

the numbers of times which money that orginates

38. Multiplier effects with tourism is spent within the economy of a tourist
destination area.
 Are meeting the needs of the present without
39. Sustainability compromising the ability of the future generations
to meet their own needs.

means “non-material”, you can’t see or touch it.

40. Intangible

1. Write a brief account on the activities of the world tourism in the ancient times
(at least 200 words).
Tourism, in some form, has existed since ancient times. In fact, the idea of traveling for
leisure or educational purposes dates back to the Greeks and Romans. In ancient Greece,
people often visited holy places such as Delphi, Olympia, and Dodona to consult the oracles
and participate in religious festivals. The Greeks also traveled to the famous healing
sanctuary of Epidaurus and the ancient city of Athens, which attracted visitors for their
historical significance and cultural legacy.

The Romans were also known for their love of travel. Many wealthy Romans visited the
famous seaside towns such as Pompeii and Herculaneum, which were known for their
beautiful beaches and luxurious resorts. They also traveled to religious sites such as the
Temple of Jupiter and Saturn in Rome and visited the famous ruins of ancient Rome, such
as the Colosseum and the Forum.

During the Middle Ages, religious tourism became popular among Christians. Pilgrimages
were made to holy places such as Jerusalem, Rome, and Santiago de Compostela.
Travelers and pilgrims also visited other cultural centers such as Venice, Constantinople,
and Alexandria to learn more about art, science, and medicine.

In the early modern era, Europeans began to travel for personal enrichment and pleasure.
Wealthy aristocrats and intellectuals went on the "Grand Tour" to the cultural capitals of
Europe, such as Paris, Rome, and Florence. This was seen as a necessary part of their
education and cultural refinement.

In conclusion, tourism has a long and fascinating history that dates back to ancient times.
From pilgrimages and religious festivals to personal enrichment and cultural exploration,
people have always traveled to experience the world around them.
2. How did McIntosh and Goeldner classify travel motivators? Explain the main
categories

McIntosh and Goeldner developed a classification of travel motivators based on a study of

tourism motivations. The classification includes five main categories of travel motivators:
 1. Physiological motivators: These are the basic needs for survival and comfort. For
example, people may travel to escape the cold weather in their home country and
seek warmer climates.

2. Safety and security motivators: These motivators relate to the need for safety,
security, and protection. People may travel to destinations they perceive as being
safe and secure or to avoid perceived risks in their home country.

3. Belonging motivators: These motivators relate to social needs, the need for
belonging and social interaction. Examples include visiting friends and relatives,
attending family events such as weddings and reunions, or participating in group
tours.

4. Esteem motivators: People may travel to enhance their self-esteem and status. This
includes travel to high-end destinations, seeking luxury accommodations, and
participating in elite experiences.

5. Self-actualization motivators: This refers to the need for self-fulfillment and personal
growth. This motivator includes the pursuit of diverse experiences, seeking
adventure, and exploring new cultures and landscapes.

In summary, McIntosh and Goeldner's classification of travel motivators includes

physiological needs, safety and security needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-
actualization needs. Understanding these motivations can help tourism professionals to
design travel experiences that meet travelers' needs and desires.

3. What are the methods that can be used to measure international tourism demand?
There are various methods that can be used to measure international tourism demand. They
include:

1. Arrival statistics: This method involves the collection of data on the number of
international travelers arriving in a particular country or region. This data is collected
at border control points, airports, and seaports. Arrival statistics can provide
information on the volume of international tourism demand.

2. Survey-based methods: Surveys can be conducted to collect data on the behaviors,

attitudes, and motivations of international travelers. This method can be performed
either before or after the trip. Surveys can provide insight into tourists' preferences,
satisfaction levels, and spending patterns.

3. Economic methods: Measuring tourism's contribution to a country's economy is

another way of measuring international tourism demand. This method involves
analyzing statistics such as employment rates in the tourism industry, revenues
generated through tourism-related activities, and government spending on tourism-
related infrastructure.

4. Social media metrics: Social media platforms like Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter
provide a vast amount of data related to tourism demand. By looking at metrics such
 as likes, shares, and mentions of a particular destination or activity, tourism
professionals can gain insights into travelers' interests and preferences.

5. Web analytics: Web-based data such as website traffic, keyword searches, and
online booking patterns can be analyzed to gain insights into international tourism
demand. By examining web analytics data, tourism businesses can optimize their
websites for better engagement and conversion rates.

In conclusion, there are various methods that can be used to measure international tourism
demand. Combining multiple methods can provide a more comprehensive understanding of
travelers' patterns and preferences.

4. Describe the concept, nature and components of a tourist destination.

A tourist destination is a location that attracts visitors for leisure, business, or other
purposes. It is a place that offers various activities, attractions, accommodations,
infrastructure, and services that cater to the needs of tourists. The nature and components of
a tourist destination include:

1. Attraction: A tourist destination must have something unique or distinctive that draws
visitors, whether it be natural landmarks, historical sites, cultural events, or
entertainment venues.

2. Infrastructure: This component includes transportation, communication, and other

necessary facilities to support tourism activities. This can range from airports and
highways to hotels, restaurants, and shopping centers.

3. Accommodation: Tourist destinations must also provide accommodations to visitors,

including hotels, resorts, lodges, and other types of lodging options.
4. Services: Tourist destinations must offer a wide range of services to visitors,
including travel-related services like tour guides, transportation, and activities like
guided tours, sports activities, and adventure tourism.

5. Culture: The destination's unique cultural heritage is often one of the main attractions
for visitors. This can include the food, local customs, art, music, and festivals.

6. Destination image: The overall perception of a destination, which includes its brand,
marketing messages, and reputation, is an important component of a tourist
destination. The destination's image can significantly influence a traveler's decision to
visit.

7. Community involvement: The participation of the local community in the

development, management, and promotion of the destination is crucial for its long-
term success. It ensures that the destination can maintain its unique characteristics,
while also benefiting local businesses and residents.

In summary, a tourist destination is a complex entity that encompasses a wide range of

components, including attractions, infrastructure, accommodations, services, culture,
destination image, and community involvement. Understanding these components is
essential for creating a successful destination that meets the needs of travelers while also
benefiting the local community.

5. Which sector of the tourist industry do you intend to be involved in after

graduation? Write an essay on that sector and your participation plan in the tourist
industry.
BÀI MẪU 1:
One sector of the tourism industry that has always intrigued me is ecotourism. Ecotourism
primarily involves visiting natural areas, and it focuses on environmental conservation,
sustainability and promoting the well-being of the local communities. Ecotourism plays an
essential role in promoting a healthy environment and preserving natural habitats.
Additionally, ecotourism contributes to creating positive economic, social, and cultural
impacts on local communities.

Ecotourism is becoming an increasingly popular form of travel, and its popularity is due to
the growing interest in eco-friendly lifestyles and environmental sustainability. Ecotourism
can also provide a rewarding experience for travelers seeking adventure, education, and
authentic cultural experiences. By investing in the sector, the tourism industry can create a
positive impact on the environment and local communities in areas where ecotourism is
prevalent.

Involvement in ecotourism requires active participation from all sectors of the tourism
industry. It involves collaborating with local communities and tourism operators to develop
sustainable tourism products and services. For example, incorporating eco-friendly
accommodations, reducing carbon footprint through conservation measures, and supporting
local business enterprises are some ways to promote ecotourism.

As a tourism professional interested in ecotourism, I plan to participate by focusing my

career efforts on promoting sustainable tourism practices. I intend to develop sustainable
tourism products with the local community, which will be socially, economically, and
environmentally responsible. My objective is to create a balance between tourism
development and environmental conservation by incorporating sustainable practices into
tourism operations. I will also engage in education and research to promote environmentally
sustainable tourism and engage with tourists to disseminate ecological conservation
practices effectively.

In conclusion, involvement in ecotourism involves promoting environmentally sustainable

practices in the tourism industry. Ecotourism can have a positive impact on the environment
and the local communities when developed responsibly. As a tourism professional interested
in ecotourism, I plan to engage in developing sustainable tourism practices, collaborating
with local communities, research, and educating tourists on ecological conservation
practices. By adopting sustainable practices in the tourism industry, we can secure the
longevity of tourism activities and safeguard the environment for generations to come.

BÀI MẪU 2:
One sector of the tourism industry that fascinates me is adventure tourism. Adventure
tourism is a rapidly growing travel trend, and it encompasses various tourist activities that
involve physical activity, risk, and exploration. It includes activities such as hiking, trekking,
rock climbing, mountaineering, surfing, and numerous other outdoor activities. Adventure
tourism offers an opportunity to explore natural resources and culture in a unique and
different way, promoting an active lifestyle and environmental sustainability.

Adventure tourism can generate benefits for the local economy and the community by
promoting local and indigenous livelihoods, contributing to rural development and
conserving natural and cultural resources. It creates jobs and enhances local businesses in
remote areas. Moreover, the development of adventure tourism can lead to the protection
and sustainable use of the area's natural and cultural resources.

As a tourism professional interested in adventure tourism, my plan is to contribute to

promoting responsible tourism practices and sustainable development through adventure
tourism. My objective is to develop and deliver sustainable tourism products and services
that provide an enjoyable adventure experience for visitors while also delivering lasting
environmental, cultural and social benefits for local communities.

I intend to work towards creating adventure tourism products that are responsible, following
sustainable tourism practices, and mindful of environmental and cultural impacts.
Furthermore, I will work towards developing tourism activities in the responsible
conservation of ecosystems, thereby ensuring minimal impacts on the environment.

As part of my participation plan in the tourism industry, I plan to collaborate with local
communities and other stakeholders to identify the authentic adventure tourism opportunities
in a region. Moreover, I will engage in research, education to promote responsible tourism
practices by educating guests on the importance of it.

I will also work towards promoting sustainable development with the local communities,
strengthening local businesses, and promoting responsible practices. Moreover, I will work
with other tourism industry experts to share knowledge and promote awareness of the
importance of responsible tourism.

In summary, adventure tourism offers unique travel experiences that promote environmental
and cultural sustainability. As a tourism professional, I plan to contribute towards promoting
responsible tourism practices and sustainable development by developing and offering
sustainable adventure tourism products and services. By adopting responsible tourism
practices in the adventure tourism industry, we can promote sustainable development and
preserve the environment and cultural resources for future generations.

BÀI MẪU 3:
One sector of the tourism industry that interests me is cultural tourism. Cultural tourism is
the travel to experience the cultural and historical landmarks, traditions, and customs of a
particular destination. It offers visitors a chance to immerse themselves in the local culture,
history, and way of life of a destination, promoting intercultural exchange and understanding.

Cultural tourism involves engaging with the local population, heritage, traditions, performing
arts, architecture, and other cultural elements of a region. It provides an opportunity for
tourists to learn more about and respect the diverse cultures and histories of the places they
visit. The sector has wide potential to promote significant economic development to the local
communities by preserving their cultural heritage and history.

As a tourism professional, I plan to contribute towards the promotion and development of

cultural tourism. My primary focus will be on developing culturally responsible tourism
products, supporting local culture, and creating awareness of different cultures and
traditions.

I plan to collaborate with local communities to identify the most authentic cultural tourism
opportunities in a region and work towards preserving the culture and heritage through
responsible tourism practices. This will involve taking necessary steps to protect the cultural
integrity and authenticity of attractions and cultural events. I will also work towards
developing programs in which visitors can learn more about local culture and traditions
through hands-on experiences such as artisan workshops, festivals, and cultural
performances.

Education and awareness are essential components in promoting cultural tourism.

Therefore, I plan to engage in research and develop adequate resources for cultural tourism
to educate tourists on the importance of cultural and heritage conservation and how best to
support local communities. Further, I will promote cultural tourism through comprehensive
marketing strategies, highlighting the cultural diversity of the destination.

In conclusion, cultural tourism offers a unique and authentic travel experience that promotes
cultural exchange, intercultural understanding, and economic development to the local
communities. As a tourism professional, I aim to develop culturally responsible tourism
products, educate visitors on the importance of cultural preservation and conservation, and
support the promotion of locally sourced cultural products. By adopting responsible
practices, we can create a sustainable future for cultural tourism and preserve the cultural
heritage and history for generations to come.

6. What are the tasks performed by a travel agency?

A travel agency is a company that provides a wide variety of travel-related services to
clients, including individuals, groups, and businesses. The tasks performed by a travel
agency include:

1. Providing information and advice on travel destinations: A travel agency advises

clients on travel destinations based on their interests, budget, and preferences. The
agency can recommend destinations and provide information about local customs,
culture, attractions, climate, and visa requirements.

2. Planning and booking travel arrangements: A travel agency handles all aspects of
travel planning, including booking flights, accommodation, car rentals, and activities.
They may also offer packages that include multiple elements of travel arrangements
such as flights, hotels, and activities.

3. Organizing tours and activities: A travel agency can arrange tours and activities for
clients, such as sightseeing tours, adventure activities, and cultural experiences.
They can also provide transportation and guides.
 4. Providing travel insurance: A travel agency can offer travel insurance to clients to
protect them from potential losses due to trip cancellations, medical emergencies,
and other unforeseen events.

5. Handling travel documents: A travel agency can assist clients in obtaining passports,
visas, and other travel documents.

6. Offering travel advice and support: A travel agency can offer clients support and
advice throughout their trip, such as providing assistance in case of cancellations,
delays, or emergencies.

7. Handling payment and financial transactions: A travel agency handles financial

transactions related to travel arrangements, such as collecting deposits, processing
payments, and issuing refunds.

In summary, a travel agency performs a range of tasks to facilitate smooth travel

experiences for clients, including providing travel advice, planning and booking travel
arrangements, organizing tours and activities, providing travel insurance, handling travel
documents, offering travel advice and support, and handling financial transactions. By
providing these services, travel agencies ensure that clients can enjoy memorable and
hassle-free travel experiences.