Module 2: Meaning and Importance of
Tourism and Hospitality
What is Tourism?
- Tourism is defined as the “sum of the
phenomena and relationships arising
from the travel and stay of
nonresidents, insofar and are not
connected to any earning activity.”
- “Tourism may be defines in terms of
particular activities selected by
choice and undertaken outside the
home environment.”
- Tourism in the pure sense is
essentially a pleasure activity in
which money earned in one’s adobe
is spent in places visited.
What is Hospitality?
- This is derived from the latin word
hospitare, which means “to receive
as a guest.
- The principal meaning is a host who
receives, welcome, and caters to the
needs of people who are temporarily
away from their homes.
- League of Nations (1937) defines
tourist as a “person who visits a
country other than that in which he
or she usually resides for a project of
a least 24 hours.”
- Classes of visitors:
- Tourist
- Excursionist
Four Basic Elements of Travel
1. Distance - the difference between
local travel or traveling within a
person’s home community and
nonlocal travel or traveling away
from home.
2. Length of Stay at a destination -
tourist are temporary visitors who
make at least one overnight stay,
while excursionists are temporary
visitors who do not stay overnight in
the country that they visit.
3. Residence or origin of the traveler
- for business and research
purposes, it is important to know
where people live.
4. Purposes of Travel - this can be
divided into seven.
The Nature of a Tour
What is a tourist product?
- Identify the characteristics of a
tourist product.
Tourist Destination
- A tourist destination is a
geographical unit where the tourist
visits and stays.
- Interrelationships of 3 basic factors:
attractions, amenities or facilities,
and accessibility.
Tourist Services
- The principal tourist services are
supplied by passenger transport,
which provides the mean to reach
the destination, as well as the
movement at the destination.
- Disitinctions in transport are
between public and private,
domestic and international, and
among the various modes–land,sea,
and air.
- The third group of tourist services
consists of those provided by the
travel agent and by the tour
operator.
Characteristics of Tourism and
Hospitality
 - Product is not brought to the
consumer
- The consumer has to travel and go
to the product
- Products are not used up;
- Both are labor-intensive industries;
- People-oriented;
- Multidimensional phenomenon;
- Both industries are seasonal;
- Both industries are dynamic.
Importance of Tourism and Hospitality
- Contribution to the balance of
payments
- Dispersion of development
- Employment opportunities
- Social benefits
- Cultural enrichment
- Educational significance
- A vital force for peace
Module 3: The History of Tourism and
Hospitality
Early Tourism
- Man has traveled since the earliest
times although the term tourism was
sed only in the 19th century.
- Tourism is derived from the Hebrew
word torah which means ‘studying,
learning, or searching.’
- Tourism can trace its ancestry in the
Old Testament.
- Chapters 26 & 27 of the Book of
Ezekiel describe trade and
commerce in the ancient Tyre and
recount the travels abroad made by
merchants.
Two Forms of Early Tourism
1. Trading - the invention of money,
writing and wheel by the Sumerians
facilitated travel and exchange of
goods.
2. Travel for religious reasons - this
took the form of pilgrimages to
places of worships such as
Chaucer’s tale of pilgrimage to
Canterbury.
Beginning in 1388, English pilgrims were
required to obtain and carry permits, the
forerunner for the modern passport.
Tourism in the Medieval Period
- Travel, derived from the word travail,
become burdensome, dangerous,
and demanding during this time.
- After the decline of the Roman
Empire in the 15th century, roads
were not maintained and they
became unsafe.
- Crusaders and pilgrims were the
only ones who traveled.
Tourism during the Renaissance and
Elizabeth Eras
- This practice was gradually adopted
by others in the lower social scale.
- In time, it became recognized that
the education of a gentleman should
be completed by a “Grand Tour” of
the cultural centers of the continent
which lasted for 3 years.
- As young men sought intellectual
improvement in the continent, the
sick sought a remedy for their
illnesses in “spas: or medical baths.
- The term “spa” is derived from the
Wallon word espa meaning
“fountain”
- Turnbridge Wells in Kent (near
London) became famous as a spa in
the 1660s.
Tourism during the Industrial Revolution
 - The industrial revolution brought
about major changes in the scale
and type of tourism development.
- Social changes made travel
desirable as a recreational activity.
- The middle class combined higher
incomes and growing education into
annual holidays.
Modern Tourism
● Tourism in the 19th Century
- The railways provided
reliable and cheap
transportation and
competition since various
private companies invested
heavily in hotels, resorts, and
entertainment facilities.
- Steam power provided
increased mobility and
reliable and inexpensive
transportation.
● Tourism in the 20th Century
- Early post-war prosperity,
and large-scale migration,
boosted the demand for
international travel.
- New forms of mass
communication stimulated
curiosity about other
countries.
Origins of Tourism and Hospitality in the
Philippines
- Tourism and Hospitality in the
Philippines began when the original
inhabitants of the country roamed
around in search of food.
- Tourism and hospitality in the
Philippines at present is the result of
the continuous development and
promotion od tourism and hospitality
from 1950 to the present.
History of the Hospitality Industry
● Ancient Period (The Sumerians)
- PRoduced such abundant
harvests by selling surplus to
people in other parts of the
region;
- Invented money and writing
as means to record and
settle their business
transactions;
● The Greek Empire
- Their land and sea travels
made them dominant in the
Mediterranean region; forms
of overnight accommodation
became a necessity;
- Many inns and taverns,
restaurants in ancient
Greece were often respected
and served foods
History of the Hospitaltiy Industry
● Medieval Period (Dark Ages)
- After the fall of the Roman
Empire in 476 AD,
innkeeping disappeared.
- Monasteries of the church
were self-sufficient
enterprises;
- Providing hospitality services
to travelers became a burden
to the religious houses.
Early Modern Period: 1600 AD to 1800
AD
- In the 16th century, taverns called an
ordinary served a fixed price, fixed
menu meal in England.
- The advent of stagecoach travel
revolutionized hospitality on the road
followed by stagecoach or coaching
inns.
 - In France, the reintroduction of
restaurants for public dining was
seen.
- In the late 18th century, there were
no public restaurants.

Pioneers in the Tourism and Hospitality

Industry
- There are several outstanding
individuals who have made a
significant contribution to the growth
and development of the tourism and
hospitality industry.
Cesar Ritz

Tourism and Hospitality Supply

International Travel Patterns

Factors that favor the Growth of Tourism

and Hospitality

Hospitality Resources

Module 4: Tourism and Hospitality Different Types of Tourist

Network and Other Supplies Accommodations

Tourism and Hospitality Components

 9. Hostels - minimal amenities such as
a bunk bed and commonly shared
toilet and bathroom.
10. Campgrounds - appeal mostly to
families who travel in recreational
vehicles (RVs)
11. Health Spas - hostels and resorts
which cater to individuals who go to
spas or mineral springs.
Types of Accommodations 12. Private Homes - provide lodging to
1. Hotels - provide accommodation, tourists when accommodations are
meals, and refreshments for those not available during peak periods.
who may reserve their
accommodations in advance but Hotel Classifications
need not do so.
2. Condominium - is an apartment or
individual dwelling unit owned by an
individual.
3. Motels or motor hotels - provide
bedrooms, bath, and parking to
motorists; rooms are usually
accessible from the parking lot.
4. Inns - are lodging establishments
catering to transients which do not to Basic Standard Requirements for
meet the minimum requirement of an Restaurants
economy hotel;
5. Apartments - are hotel (apartelles),
building, or edifices containing
several independent and furnished
or semi-furnished apartments.
6. Paradores - old convents,
monasteries, castles or fortresses
converted into hotels by the
government and operated by a
national tourism office.
7. Pensions - private or
family-operated tourist
accommodations similar to boarding
houses or guesthouses.
8. Bed-and breakfast
accommodations - they are known
as B&Bs and are popular in Britain,
Ireland, and the United States.
Module 5: Tourism and Hospitality
Organizations

Tourism Organizations

International Organizations Roles of National organizations in

Tourism
United Nations World Tourism
Organizations (UNWTO)

National Tourism Office (NTO)

The Department of Tourism in the

Regional Organizations Philippines

Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA)

The National Professional Tourism and

Hospitality Organizations in the United
States

Professional Tourism and Hospitality

Organizations
 detrimental effects on the
environment.

Environmental Conflicts
- Affecting the quality of the
environment are destruction of the
vegetation, pollution (air, water, and
noise), and the destruction of
wildlife.

Tourism and Hospitality Organizations in

the Philippines Air pollution - automobiles, taxis,
buses, aircrafts, and factories.
Water Pollution - untreated waste
from resorts or boats into seas,
rivers, lakes, and springs.
Noise Pollution - traffic congestion
on land and on air.

Impact Control Measures

Module 6: The Impacts of Tourism and

Hospitality

The Impacts of Tourism and Hospitality

The Positive Economic Effect of Tourism

and Hospitality

Negative Economic Aspects of Tourism

and Hospitality
- Exceeding the carrying capacity and
saturation levels of an area will
negatively affect the area.
- The term “carrying capacity” is the
degree of development a certain
area can take without having
Social Impacts of Tourism and
Hospitality
Impact Control Measures

Impact of Tourism and Hospitality on

Positive Social Effects of Tourism and
Culture
Hospitality

Positive Effects of Tourism and

Negative Social Effects of Tourism and Hospitality on Culture
Hospitality

Renaissance of Native Culture

Negative Cultural Impact of Tourism and

Hospitality
 are built at the expense of residential
accommodations.

Impact Control Measures

Impact Control Measures

Environmental Impact of Tourism and Module 7: Current Trends and Issues in

Hospitality the Tourism and Hospitality Industry

The Bright Future of Tourism and

Hospitality

Geographical Conflicts
- Affected geographical formations.
Others destroy natural formations by
vandalizing.

Resident Conflicts
- Number of conflicts frequently occur
between residents and tourists or Issues in Tourism and Hospitality
tourism developers. In cities, hotels Marketing Issues
 Operations Issues

Consumer Affairs Issues

Legal Issues

Human Resources Issues

The Future of Tourism and Hospitality

ACRONYMS:
NTDP - National Tourism Development Plan
NDP - National Development Plan
FBSE - Filipino Brand of Service Excellence
NTO - National Tourism Office
DOT - Department of Tourism

Attached Agencies
1. NDOC - National Parks
Development Committee
2. TPB - Tourism Promotions Board
(PCVC - Philippine Convention and
Visitor’s Coorporation)
3. TIEZA - Tourism Infrastructure and
Enterprise Zone Authority (PTA -
Philippine Tourism Authority)

● RTTC - Reduce Tracel Tax

Certificate (Philippine
Passport)
● TEC - Tax Exemption
Certificate
● PTA 56 (Foreign Passport
Holder)

4. IA - Intramorus Administration
5. NPF - Nayong Pilipino Foundation
6. PRA - Philippine Retirement
Authority
7. PCSSO - Philippine Commission on
Sports Scuba Diving
8. DFPC - Duty Free Philippines
Coorporation