GMW14668 - Minimum Performance Requirements For Decorative Chromium Plated Plastics

Template For ENG STDS CG757
WORLDWIDE
ENGINEERING Material Specification GMW14668
STANDARDS
Minimum Performance Requirements for Decorative

Chromium Plated Plastic Parts
1 Scope
Note: Nothing in this standard supercedes applicable laws and regulations.
Note: In the event of conflict between the English and domestic language, the English language shall take
precedence.
1.1 Purpose/Material Description. This standard is intended for the following applications:
1.1.1 Interior (Code A). Interior applications do not require the use of discontinuous chromium or multiple layer
nickel systems. For interior applications, non-discontinuous chrome (r) is permissible.
• Type 1: Standard interior usage.
• Type 2: Applications where higher coating thicknesses are required and/or performance requirements are
not met with Type 1 (e.g., inside door handles, manual shifter decor rings, or bezels, may require Type 2).
• Type 3: Small parts such as radio control knob bezels. These parts do not require full plating approval per
GMW16193, but only require demonstration of plating performance per this specification at Production Part
Approval Process (PPAP). Refer to Appendix B, Figure B3, for geometry limitations.
Note: If no interior type is listed on the detail drawing, Type 1 is assumed.
1.1.2 Exterior (Code B). For exterior applications, discontinuous chromium plate (microporous (mp) or
microcracking (mc)), in addition to a multiple layer nickel system, shall be used.
• Type 1: Legacy type (not used for new programs/approvals).
• Type 2: Standard exterior usage.
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• Type 3: High corrosion service conditions (wheel claddings and caps).

• Type 4: High corrosion calcium chloride resistant chromium (Russian mud, see 3.4.10.2).
Note: If no exterior type is listed on the detail drawing, Type 2 is assumed.
1.2 Symbols. Not applicable.
1.3 Applicability. This type of finish shall be principally used for decorative purposes. Bright and other (e.g.,
satin, brushed, dark, or grained) appearances are for interior and exterior plastic applications, as defined by
styling and specific appearance standards.
1.4 Remarks. None.
2 References
Note: Only the latest approved standards are applicable unless otherwise specified.
2.1 External Standards/Specifications.
ASTM B368 ASTM B604 ISO 1463 ISO/IEC 17025
ASTM B456 ASTM B764 ISO 2177
ASTM B533 ASTM B995 ISO 3497
ASTM B571 IATF 16949 ISO 9227
© Copyright 2021 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved
March 2021 Page 1 of 20
Copyright General Motors Order Number: 02348147

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GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Template For ENG STDS GMW14668
2.2 GM Standards/Specifications.
GMW3059 GMW14458 GMW16193 GMW17083
GMW14270 GMW14829 GMW16882 GMW17406
GMW14444
2.3 Additional References.
• GM Drawing Number: 9591083, Global Wheel/Wheel Trim Surface Standard
• GM1920 GP-12: Early Production Containment
• GM1927-3 Supplier Quality Statement of Requirements (SOR)
• SOR Appendix F5
3 Requirements
See Appendix B, Table B1 for summary of requirements. This table (or an equivalent form) should be completed
by Production Part Approval Process (PPAP) submissions. The requirements are described in detail as follows.
3.1 Appearance Requirements. Parts must meet appearance requirements as stated in the SOR Appendix F5.
For Deviations, e.g., Wheel Trim and Cladding, see Dev 3.1, in the Deviations Section at the end of this
specification.
3.2 Base Material/Substrate. Only plastics approved by GM for chrome plating shall be used. No regrind is
allowed in plated parts. For substrate types, see Table 1. Not all types are suitable for all parts. For example,
high temperature parts like wheel trim shall not use Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS). Reference the part
drawing for the type to use.
Table 1: Typical Approved Substrate Types

Substrate Type Typical Maximum Use Temperature
ABS +90 °C ± 3 °C
ABS/PC +110 °C ± 3 °C
PA6, PA66 - MF (10 to 40) +120 °C ± 3 °C
PA6, PA66 - GF (10 to 30) +130 °C ± 3 °C

Note: ABS = Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene, GF = Glass Filled, MF = Mineral Filled, PA = Polyamide (Nylon), PC = Polycarbonate.
3.2.1 Substrate Structure. Parts shall demonstrate no defects like cracks, splay, pits, or sink marks. Parts shall
be free of any internal stresses which adversely influence adhesion, dimensional stability or appearance of the
finish.
3.2.2 Substrate Surface. The surface shall be smooth, free of flow lines, cracks, sink marks, craters or substrate
stratifications which may influence the approved appearance or part properties. Some molding artifacts such as
parting lines flash and gate marks can have a deleterious effect on the durability of the finish and must be
minimized. Rework of substrate surfaces by sanding, plasma treatment or other means must be approved by
GM Engineering and Supplier Quality. Before parting line rework can be approved, testing to this standard must
be completed on parts which include the proposed rework process. GM Supplier Quality must review and
approve any parting line rework process before use.
3.2.3 Substrate Surface Stress Test (only for ABS and for ABS/PC). A substrate surface stress test is
required for any new mold sets, process changes, or when high surface stress is suspected. Reference
GMW17083 for instructions on running the acetic acid stress test (for ABS and ABS/PC).
3.3 Coating.
3.3.1 Plating Thickness. Minimum plate thickness as specified in Table 2 (for copper and nickel) and Table 3
(for chrome) applies to all significant surfaces. Significant surfaces are those normally visible, directly or by
reflection, on the finished part when assembled in vehicle position or which can be the source of corrosion
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deposits that deface visible surfaces on the assembled vehicles. Class A surfaces are always significant
surfaces. The use of auxiliary anodes and advanced plating analysis is recommended. See Appendix B,
Figure B2 for an example of plating layer construction.
3.3.1.1 Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) plating thickness simulations are recommended when there is
uncertainty of meeting minimum plating thicknesses due to part design features. Concerns for meeting minimum
plating thicknesses should be reported to Materials Engineering for evaluation. If corrosion products are visible
anywhere on a finished and dressed component in vehicle position after testing, this specification requirement
is not met. For initial study of a new part, a mapping of the metal thickness of the part will be made on significant
surfaces.
3.3.2 In the case of nickel satin finishes, all bright nickel replacement of the satin nickel is to be a 1:1 substitution
of metal thickness. No "skim coating" of the bright nickel with satin is allowed to provide long term corrosion and
appearance assurance. Proof of ability to color match satin and other specialty finishes to the required
construction type must be provided to GM Design Appearance Quality, (DAQ), and GM Materials Engineering
prior to any production usages.
3.3.3 Plating Over Texture. For parts that specify an appearance of plating over texture, parts shall meet the
requirements of this specification. Peel strengths and cross-sectional images to show plating thickness in the
area shall be reported for review with the GM Materials Engineer. Testing to the full specification shall be done
on every texture developed. For new suppliers interested in supplying textured chrome parts, specification
testing to qualify the supplier’s technology on textured surrogate parts or plaques shall be completed before
program sourcing and presented prior to GM Materials Engineer prior to GM Technical Review. Qualification
testing plan and surrogate part selection shall be reviewed with GM Materials Engineer prior to beginning the
testing.
3.3.4 Plating Thickness Mapping and P-points. This exercise is intended to demonstrate that minimum metal
thickness is obtained for the entire part or to alert GM to metal thickness issues that may require attention.
Thickness mapping shall be completed as part of design validation.
• Map the production rack to show high, mid, and low, current density areas. Provide this map as part of
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validation testing.
• Select a high and low current density part from the production rack.
• For large parts, apply a 10 cm × 10 cm grid for the entire part. Unless otherwise directed, check every 10 cm.
If the grid area has contour, measure the thickness in the high and low current density areas within each
grid. If the grid area is flat, one (1) measured point is sufficient.
• For small parts < 10 cm × 10 cm, one (1) representative point tested is sufficient unless the part drawing
indicates more points, or the part has a recess over 15 mm or a length/diameter ratio < 2.0.
• If there is a change to the rack design, plating thickness mapping shall be completed to validate the change.
3.3.4.1 Plating thickness should be optimized so there are no exceptions to plating thickness requirements. In
the event of an exception to the plating thickness requirement, there must be an approval by GM Engineering
and the exception shown as a detail on the part drawing by either designating plating checkpoint(s), or by
indicating in an appropriate view, the area(s) with deviated thickness allowed. These exceptions must still meet
the specified number of corrosion test hours. In other cases, the part drawing may include zones. When zones
are specified, deviations to the copper and nickel plating thickness requirements in Table 2 are allowed,
according to Dev 3.3.1 in the Deviations Section, located at the end of this specification.
3.3.4.2 Report the thickness mapping and quality assurance plating thickness points. These points are also
referred to as P-points. If not otherwise designated, at least four (4) thickness measurements shall be made per
part. The number and location of P-points shall be agreed upon by GM Engineering and the GM Supplier Quality
Engineer. After PPAP, the supplier is encouraged to show correlations in P-Points to each other and petition GM
Supplier Quality Engineer (SQE) to reduce the total number of points measured per part based on their daily or
weekly testing intervals.
3.3.4.3 GM Engineering and Supplier Quality reserve the right to change the locations and number of selected
P points if not consulted or as any need should arise. Minimum thickness and corrosion resistance performance
requirements for textured finishes (matte, vapor blast, brush, etc.,) apply after texturing. The use of microporous
nickel is required to minimize fingerprint marks or stains when specified.

Table 2: Copper and Nickel Thickness Requirements

Plating Thickness (µm) Note 1
Application Total Copper Nickel
Minimum Minimum Minimum
Type 1 and Type 3 18 10 8

Interior
Code A
Type 2 33 25 8
Exterior
Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4 40 20 20
Code B
Note: µm = micron(s).
Note 1: Plating thickness exceptions may be listed on part drawings.
Table 3: Chrome Thickness Requirements
Chrome Type Thickness (µm) Applicable Types
(r) 0.15 Minimum All interior

Trivalent
(mp) 0.15 to 0.40 All interior, exterior
(r) 0.15 Minimum All interior
Hexavalent (mp) 0.15 to 0.50 All interior, exterior
(mc) 0.8 Minimum All interior, exterior Note 1

Note: µm = micron(s), mc = microcracked (chrome), mp = microporous (chrome), r = regular (chrome).
Note 1: The use of microcracked (mc) chrome must be approved by GM Materials Engineering.
3.3.5 Copper Layer Thickness. In special cases, the minimum thickness must be increased to meet
performance requirements (e.g., interior door handles).
3.3.6 Nickel Layer Thickness. For systems with a total nickel layer ≥ 20 µm, multiple layer nickel thickness
consisting of at least two (2) layers of electro-deposited nickel shall be as indicated in Table 4. In the case of
interior Code A, parts where < 20 µm of nickel is required, a single, bright nickel layer may be used. Exterior
parts must have three (3) or four (4) primary layers of nickel. A sample calculation for percent (%) semi bright
nickel is as follows:
Semi Bright Nickel
× 100 = percent (%) Semi Bright
Total Nickel
Table 4: Nickel Thickness Requirements

Interior Note 1 Exterior
Type of Nickel Layer
Single Layer Note 2 Multi-Layer Triple Layer Quad Layer
1 Semi Bright (SB) Not applicable 50% minimum 50% to 80% 50% to 70%
2 High-Sulfur Not applicable Optional Not applicable Required
3 Bright or Satin 100% Required 20% to 50% ≥ 30%
4 Microporous/Microcracked Not Required Optional Required Required

Note 1: Dual, triple, or quad layer nickel systems are allowed for interior. If dual layer system is utilized, at least 50%, semi bright (SB) is
required and the balance of bright nickel will be required to meet minimum nickel overall thickness and appearance as specified.
Note 2: For Interior < 20 µm of total nickel, a single, bright nickel or satin layer may be used.
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3.3.7 Nickel Electrochemical Potential (Exterior (Code B) Only). Nickel electrochemical potential shall follow
Table 5. Determine the electrochemical potential difference following ASTM B764. See Appendix B, Figure B1
for an example chart. The supplier must demonstrate the conformance to this requirement by using appropriate
statistical charting techniques on a routine quality control basis.
Table 5: Nickel Electrochemical Potential
Layers Potential Range Note 1
Microporous to Bright or Satin 20 mV to 90 mV

Note 2 50 mV to 90 mV
Microporous to Bright or Satin (Exterior Code B Type 4 only)
Bright or Satin to Semi Bright (SB) 100 mV to 200 mV
Note 3 15 mV to 40 mV
High-sulfur to Bright or Satin
Note 1: The microporous layer shall be cathodic to the bright or satin nickel layer. The semi bright nickel layer shall be cathodic to the bright
or satin layer. The bright or satin layer shall be cathodic to the high sulfur layer. See Appendix B, Figure B1 for an example.
Note 2: Certain trivalent chrome systems are not optimized within this range. When recommended by the chemical supplier and approved
by GM Materials Engineering, potential ranges outside of the values listed in Table 5 may be used. The allowed electrochemical potential
ranges shall be documented in the supplier’s control plan.
Note 3: If applicable to construction selected.
3.3.8 Discontinuous Chromium. Microporous chromium is the preferred method for corrosion resistance of
plated plastic parts. Plating sources are required to maintain microporous active sites as stated in Table 6. Usage
of microcracked (mc) chromium should be limited and released by GM Materials Engineering. The use of
discontinuous chromium is required for exterior parts and optional for interior parts.
Table 6: Discontinuous Chromium Requirements

Chromium Requirements
Dubpernell (see 3.4.4): Minimum of 10 000 pores/cm2

Microporous (mp)
Active Sites: Minimum 5000 pores/cm2
Microcracked (mc) 250 cracks/cm to 800 cracks/cm (closed homogenous network in all directions)
3.3.9 Trivalent Chromium. For all trivalent chromium, both interior and exterior, the corresponding chemical
companies electroplating grade hexavalent (or equivalent performance) sealant/passivate is required after the
chromium application unless otherwise specified. Approved trivalent chromium grades are listed in GM Material
Approved Source List (GMMASL).
3.3.9.1 Test Requirements for Trivalent Chromium Chemistry Approval. Chemical suppliers must perform
both Copper-Accelerated Acetic Acid Salt Spray (CASS) and Calcium Chloride Mud Testing (Russian Mud, see
3.4.10.2) tests with samples prepared at high and low Simultaneous Thickness and Electrochemical Potential
(STEP) and Chromium (Cr) thickness values, as indicated in Table 7. Each test at each sample condition must
be done in triplicate.
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Table 7: Trivalent Chromium (Cr) Sample Conditions Note 1
Cr Thickness Microporous to Bright or Satin Potential
0.15 50
0.15 90
0.40 50
0.40 90
Note 1: Certain trivalent chrome systems are not optimized within this range. The chemical supplier shall discuss with GM Materials
Engineering the range most suitable for their system and test at the low and high end of their recommended operating window.
3.3.10 Bond between Plating and Substrate. In general, all chrome plated components are expected to exhibit
strong adhesion characteristics. This is accomplished through design, tooling, resin characteristics, and plating
process parameters. A 2.54 cm width specimen will typically yield up to 60 N peel strength. For smaller parts or
those with difficult geometries, a narrower width can be selected. For ABS, it is recommended a mean value on
peel strength be achieved > 30 N per 2.54 cm width (> 12 N/cm). If strong adhesion characteristics are not met
for any reason, Materials Engineering is to be contacted so that steps can be taken to remedy these limitations.
It is the plating companies' responsibility to bring attention to any part geometry limitations leading to poor
adhesion.
3.4 Test Requirements.
3.4.1 Substrate Surface Stress. The acetic acid stress test (for ABS and ABS/PC) is to be tested per
GMW17083. No cracks shall be visible at the end of test. Document results with pictures and note areas of stress
and provide to the GM Validation Engineer.
3.4.2 Plating Thickness (for Part Mapping and P-points). The plating thickness shall be determined by the
microscopic method per ISO 1463 or the electrochemical method per ISO 2177. In case of disagreements
between purchaser and supplier, the microscopic method shall be the preferred method for nickel and copper
layers.
Note: X-Ray (ISO 3497) may be used, but usage may be limited to chrome layer thickness if copper and nickel
layer thickness is too high.
3.4.3 Nickel Electrochemical Potential (Multiple-layer Nickel Systems Only). The electrochemical potential
difference between nickel layers shall be determined to ASTM B764. See Appendix B, Figure B1 for an example
chart. This test is also known as the Simultaneous Thickness and Electrochemical Potential (STEP) test.
3.4.4 Determination of Crack Number/Pore Number. Discontinuous chromium (microporous) measurement
shall be performed by either the copper deposition (Dubpernell) method or by the determination of active
corrosion sites after Copper-Accelerated Acetic Acid Salt Spray (CASS) testing. Both methods are described in
ASTM B604. Typically, active sites are measured after 48 h of CASS testing. Some systems (i.e., satin nickel)
may require CASS testing for up to 60 h to distinguish active sites from other features. In the case of an active
site’s determination, compare the viewed sample at 100x to the pore density charts shown in Appendix A,
Figure A1 of this specification to determine pore count. Photomicrographs should be taken to demonstrate
effective pore size and distribution. Other analytical measures for determining total active sites may also apply.
Stripping of chrome after CASS exposure and prior to active site determination is required. Active sites are the
preferred method for both hexavalent and trivalent chromium.
For microcracked chrome, evaluation and count of microcracks may be done directly by adding a straight line of
a certain length to the part and use of a microscope.
3.4.5 Peel-Off Test. Peel test per ASTM B533 or equivalent on a flat area of the part. Use a test speed in the
range of 25 mm/minute to 100 mm/minute. Test the part by taking it through the plating process through acid
copper. Remove part from the line, cut out a section for peel testing, reactivate the copper and deposit two (2)
additional layers of copper in a hull cell. As an alternative, the peel strength may also be obtained after full plating
is completed. See Table 8 for peel strength requirements.
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If part size or geometry does not allow for a minimum peel width of 1.25 cm, test and report the peel and sample
width for the maximum width possible or follow the procedure detailed in the following.

• To ensure a stable plating system performance, run plaques or surrogate parts of the same material, during
the same time frame plating the parts in question. Plating through copper on the plating line and use of a
hull cell is recommended. Test peel adhesion on the plaques to GMW14668. Achieving minimum results per
GMW14668 constitutes a pass.
• Additional verification is required to ensure the molding system performance is optimum (see 3.4.1,
Substrate Surface Stress Test).
Report the peel strength in Newtons per centimeter (N/cm). Peel sites are to be selected at the weakest adhesion
sites of the part. These are typically located at or near gates and at the end of flow lengths. The lowest peel
strength areas of the part are to be used in all quality tests reports. In reporting peel values, omit beginning
(breakaway) and end of test load readings. Use the average of the remaining values within the load curve to
determine the average peel strength. Refer to Appendix B, Figure B4. Provide or retain peel test graphs with
any laboratory records or submissions to GM.
Table 8: Peel Strength – Continuous Load Requirements
Substrate Minimum Requirement (N/cm)
ABS 9.0
ABS+PC, PA 4.5
3.4.6 Saw Grind Adhesion Test. Plated plastic components shall be subjected to the Saw Grind Test per
ASTM B571, by using a hacksaw (handheld) with a new blade approximately 30 cm in length (24 teeth per inch).
The blade should have crosscut teeth that alternate in direction from each side of the blade body. The cut shall
be made from the back side of the sample to the front (A surface) side on an uncut edge. Cut back and forth at
a rate of approximately one (1) stroke per second. A 5 cm minimum length cut is required, except when part
geometry does not allow for this length. Saw grind adhesion shall be tested in areas of weakest adhesion,
typically near gates or at the end of flow lengths. Cutting angle to the front side of the part shall be approximately
45 degrees. The side angles of the blade to the front (A surface) shall be approximately 90 degrees. Use a saw
grind blade 50x and replace a new blade to preserve repeatability of the test. Any misalignment of the blade
while making a cut that causes lifting of the plate, can be excluded from the required data set, and the cut can
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be retaken. Band saw cuts are not allowable. See Appendix B, Figure B5 for an illustration of the saw grind
adhesion test.
3.4.6.1 Place pressure sensitive adhesion tape, as described in GMW14829, over the cut edge completely along
the cut (leaving sufficient length of tape to grasp between fingers for quick removal); quickly pull tape at
approximately 90 degrees to the surface of the part to remove entire strip. Examine the part. There shall be no
evidence of lifting or peeling between plated layers or between plated layers and substrate. If there is any loss
of adhesion to the substrate, or if any loss of interlayer adhesion is detected on the tape, the test is considered
a fail.
3.4.7 Temperature Storage. Parts shall be temperature tested for (6 ± 0.5) h at (90 ± 3) °C. When a suffix "H"
is designated (typically only for wheel trim parts), parts shall be tested for (6 ± 0.5) h at (110 ± 3) °C. For Interior
(Code A) parts in Zone 1 and Zone 2 as determined by GMW14444, in vehicles without solar glass, the part
validation testing temperature shall be (100 ± 3) °C. Contact GM Validation Engineer for test temperature. Allow
the parts to cool completely to room temperature ((23 ± 3) °C) and proceed with inspection. Test pieces shall
show no surface changes, cracks, adhesion loss, or other changes which reduce the performance and shall
comply with specified drawing requirements after test.
Note: Some minor surface sinks directly caused by read out from backside features on the part is acceptable.
3.4.8 Quick Thermal Cycle. Plated parts shall be placed in a freezer at –(40 ± 3) °C for 1 h, removed and quickly
(< 1 minute) placed into an adjacent oven at (90 ± 3) °C for 1 h. This is one (1) complete cycle. Inspect parts in
5 minutes or less after each complete cycle. Repeat for a total of four (4) cycles. Allow parts to cool completely
to room temperature and proceed with inspection. Test pieces shall show no surface changes, cracks (substrate
or coating), adhesion loss or other changes which reduce the performance and shall comply with specified
drawing requirements after test.

Note: Some minor surface sinks directly caused by read out from backside features on the part is acceptable.
If a part requires more cycles for information, or to test to failure, GM may note this on the drawing or in the math
file. In any case, the supplier is encouraged to conduct this type of testing as part of their pre-production
validation.
3.4.9 Temperature Cycle Test. The test is divided into three (3) steps.
Step 1: The plated part shall be subjected three (3) times to the test cycle listed in the following.
• (22 ± 1) h at (80 ± 3) °C.
• (15 ± 5) minutes at (25 ± 3) °C.
• 2 h ± 10 minutes at -(20 ± 3) °C.
• (15 ± 5) minutes at (25 ± 3) °C.
Step 2: The plated part shall be further subjected three (3) times to the test cycle listed in the following.
• 1 h ± 5minutes at (60 ± 3) °C.
• (15 ± 5) minutes at (25 ± 3) °C.
• 1 h ± 5 minutes at -(40 ± 3) °C.
• (15 ± 5) minutes at (25 ± 3) °C.
Step 3: After completion of the 3rd thermal cycle of Step 2, expose the exterior plated part for (48 ± 1) h CASS
or the interior plated part for (8 ± 1) h CASS.
For parts not completely enveloped with electroplate, following Step 3, scribe an X through the plating at the
stop-off demarcation (edge of plated surface) into the basic material. Place pressure sensitive adhesion tape,
as described in GMW14829, approximately 20 mm wide over the X (leaving sufficient length of tape to grasp
between fingers for quick removal). Quickly pull tape at approximately 90 degrees to the surface of part to
remove entire tape strip. Examine for evidence of lifting of electroplate.
At the conclusion of the test sequence, the plated part shall show no deformation, crazing, blistering, splitting,
or loss of adhesion to the substrate or loss of adhesion between individual layers of the metal plating layers.
3.4.10 Corrosion Resistance Tests.
3.4.10.1 CASS Testing. Corrosion resistance shall be determined by the CASS test, GMW14458, according to
the number of hours specified in Table 9. Plated components shall be free of any surface defects and free of
corrosion on all significant surfaces when examined at normal reading distance, (0.5 ± 0.1) m with the unaided
eye and uniform diffused light. Visible active sites are not permitted, except for Exterior Type 3 at 90 h of
exposure. Removal of any test solution remaining after drying with a microfiber cloth is acceptable. In the CASS
chamber, support or suspend electroplated components to expose all significant surfaces as defined in
GMW16882, ASTM B456, and ASTM B604 also define significant surfaces. Any visible surface to which a
corrosion product has the potential of being generated or propagated to, is considered significant. Refer to
ASTM B368 section regarding "Positioning of Specimens", which defines the positioning of parts within a CASS
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chamber. All significant surfaces must wet with CASS solution from the dispersion tower. In the event that all
surfaces cannot obtain wetting from one (1) positioning of the part, in one (1) orientation within the chamber,
multiple orientations of the part may need to be tested until it is determined that all significant surfaces meet the
corrosion test criteria listed in Table 8.
3.4.10.1.1 Preparation of Test Specimens. Clean specimens per instructions ISO 9227 or ASTM B368. Clean
the specimens immediately before testing. Upon rinsing in warm running water, be sure that the clean surface
is free of water break.
3.4.10.1.2 Calibration of Corrosive Conditions. See Calibration of Corrosive Conditions per ASTM B368. If
steel panels are used for normal control, it must be demonstrated at least once per year that the corrosion rate
for nickel panels and steel panels correlate. Record and graph the mass loss of the reference nickel panel. It is
expected that the electroplater will react to out of control conditions or trends in these data.
3.4.10.2 Calcium Chloride Mud Testing (Russian Mud). Chloride corrosion resistance shall be determined by
testing per ASTM B995. The test shall be run per the number of hours specified in Table 8. Tested specimens
shall achieve a rating of four (4) or higher per the rating scale in ASTM B995.

Table 9: Corrosion Resistance

Application Minimum CASS (h) Minimum Russian Mud (h)
Interior (Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3) 8 Not applicable
Exterior (Type 1 and Type 2) 48 Not applicable
Exterior Type 3 Note 1 90 Not applicable
Exterior Type 4 48 336
Note: h = hour(s).
Note 1: For Exterior Type 3 wheel trim applications, inspect the part after 45 h, but before 48 h of exposure, to determine if the finish is in
conformance at this stage of the test. The only visual change that could be considered acceptable after 90 h of exposure is the expected
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opening of the micro pores because this is designed into the system as a mode of degradation. The micro pore change must be uniform and
must be considered acceptable to the buyer of the parts. Analysts are encouraged to develop visual standards and review these standards
with GM for a conformance/nonconformance agreement.
3.5 Test Category and Frequency.

3.5.1 Plater Approval. An initial approval for the plating facility, plating line, new finish or substrate change must
be completed per GMW16193 prior to source selections, except for Interior (Code A) Type 3 (1.1.1).
3.5.2 PPAP Testing. Parts shall be tested according to the PPAP test definition in Appendix B, Table B2. For
each test, a minimum of six (6) parts representing three (3) low and three (3) high current density rack locations
is required. The Plating Thickness (3.4.2) and the Nickel Electrochemical Potential (3.4.3) shall be measured on
all P-points. All testing shall be performed in an accredited laboratory. Laboratory accreditations to
ISO/IEC 17025 are acceptable. If a laboratory is planned to be used that is not ISO/IEC 17025 approved, it is
the responsibility of the supplier submitting the technology to receive approval to use the laboratory, from the
GM engineer who is responsible for approving the specific technology, before any testing. Using a non accredited
laboratory may also require testing in two (2) different laboratories, whereby one (1) laboratory must be
independent. Generally, the non-accredited laboratory must be in a facility that has a Quality System approval
to IATF 16949. Include a scope of accreditation or a scope of activity from the auditor with the test data.
3.5.3 Quality Control Testing. All Tier facilities shall have IATF 16949 certification. The test facilities must be
part of the scope of the IATF 16949 certification. Appendix B, Table B2 shows the minimum test frequencies for
quality control testing within a plating facility. Each test must be completed on a low current density part from the
same rack location unless otherwise defined by Supplier Quality. The quality control testing is divided into two
(2) levels.
3.5.3.1 Level 1. For product development, Level 1 testing frequency shall be performed on all plating runs during
the GM1920 GP-12 Early Production Containment period. For later containment purposes or for high risk parts,
Level 1 testing may also be required by Supplier Quality at any time.
3.5.3.2 Level 2. After the GM GP-12 period, a formal request to reduce testing frequency to Level 2 will have to
be approved by Supplier Quality. If testing frequency according to Appendix B, Table B2 cannot be done (as
parts are not produced on a regular basis), the supplier should establish a sampling plan with GM Supplier
Quality for testing all parts periodically. The sample plan is to be documented in the Control Plan. For part specific
quality control testing, also consider the part specific supplier quality SOR GM1927-3 if available.
Note: For Level 2 for Wheel Trim and Claddings, refer to Deviation Section for Dev 3.5.3.2.
3.5.4 Inspections and Rejection. All shipments of materials or parts under contract or purchase order
manufactured to this specification shall be equivalent in every respect to the initial samples approved by
engineering. There shall be no changes in formulation, part geometry, rack design, plating chemicals used or
manufacturing process permitted without prior notification and approval by GM Engineering. Lack of notification
by the supplier constitutes grounds for rejection of any shipment.
3.5.4.1 As part of the approval process for such changes, electroplater will perform rack studies to determine
the plating variation within a part and within a rack. These data are to be used to update the process control plan
and to determine part check locations to create a monitoring strategy which ensures that all plated parts meet
all of the performance criteria.

While samples may be taken from incoming shipments and checked for conformance to this specification, the
supplier shall accept the responsibility for incoming shipments meeting this specification without dependence
upon purchaser’s inspection.
3.6 All materials supplied to this standard must comply with GMW3059, Restricted and Reportable Substances.
For raw materials, non-dimensional materials (e.g., fluids, greases) and/or bulk materials that require approval
into the GM Materials Approved Source List (GMMASL), an International Material Data System (IMDS)
submission must be made by the material supplier as a material Material Data Sheet (mMDS). After the mMDS
is approved by the GM IMDS team, the materials supplier is to provide a “Header only report” to the responsible
GM Materials Engineer. Further guidance can be found in the GM-specific instructions on the IMDS website.
4 Manufacturing Process
Once plating optimization requirements in conjunction with PPAP requirements have been achieved, no major
changes to the plating process or plating parameters can be made without prior approval from Materials
Engineering. Chrome platers shall follow the processing requirements in GMW17406.
5 Rules and Regulations

5.1 Legal Regulations. All materials must satisfy applicable laws, rules, regulations and recommendations.
5.2 Language. In the event of conflict between the English and domestic language, the English language shall
take precedence.
5.3 Inspection and Rejection. Samples of components or materials released to a GM material specification
shall be tested for conformity with the requirements of this material specification and approved by the responsible
Engineering department prior to commencement of delivery of bulk supplies.
A new approval must be received for any changes, e.g., properties, manufacturing process, location of
manufacture, etc. If not otherwise agreed, all testing and documentation normally required for initial release must
be completed.
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It is the responsibility of the supplier to inform the customer in a timely manner, without solicitation, and to include
documentation of all modifications of materials and/or processes and to apply for a new release.
5.4 Safety Data Sheets. Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for chemicals supplied to GM for internal production
processes, must be submitted to GM Manufacturing in compliance with the Globally Harmonized System of
Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) requirements or other country-specific SDS requirements.
6 Approved Sources
Materials supplied to this specification must be approved by GM Materials Engineering.
A list of approved materials can be found in the GM Materials Approved Source List (GMMASL). To access this
list, reference GMW14270 for latest location. This GM material file is provided to third parties to reduce redundant
testing of materials. If an approved material is used, the part supplier can use the GM material file reference for
Production Part Approval Process (PPAP) material approval. If the decision is made to use a not yet approved
material, contact GM Materials Engineering for details on the approval process. The material approval process
must be completed prior to PPAP start date of the part supplied to GM.
7 Notes
7.1 Glossary.
P-point: Points chosen to measure plating thickness.
Room Temperature: ((23 ± 3) °C).
7.2 Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols.
µm micron(s)
% percent(age)
ABS Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene
CAE Computer Aided Engineering

CASS Copper-Accelerated Acetic Acid Salt Spray

Cr Chromium
DAQ Design Appearance Quality
GF Glass Filled
GHS Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals
GMMASL GM Materials Approved Source List
GSSLT Global Subsystem Leadership Team
h hour(s)
HCD High Current Density
IMDS International Material Data System
LCD Low Current Density
mc microcrack(ed/ing)
MF Mineral Filled
mMDS material Material Data Sheet
mp microporous
N/A Not applicable
N/cm Newtons per centimeter
PA Polyamide (Nylon)
PC Polycarbonate
PPAP Production Part Approval Process
r regular (Chrome)
SB Semi Bright (referring to semi bright nickel)
SDS Safety Data Sheet
SOR Statement of Requirements
SQE Supplier Quality Engineer
STEP Simultaneous Thickness and Electrochemical Potential
8 Coding System
8.1 This standard shall be referenced in other documents, drawings, etc., as follows:
Chrome Plate per GMW14668, Code X Type Y
Where:
X = A or B
Y = 1, 2, 3, or 4 as defined in 1.1, or for high temperature (see 3.4.7) applications (see example, 8.1.1)
8.1.1 Examples:
• Chrome Plate per GMW14668 Code A Type 2
• Chrome Plate per GMW14668-H Code B Type 3
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9 Release and Revisions

This standard was originated in October 2005. It was first approved by the Global Finish Team in June 2006. It
was first published in February 2007.
Issue Publication Date Description (Organization)
1 FEB 2007 Initial publication.
2 NOV 2009 Increased active sites, peel force adhesion guidelines for stone chip adhesion
requirements. (Global Finish Team)
3 MAY 2010 Added peel test, quick thermal cycle and daily, weekly requirements. (Global
Finish Team)
4 NOV 2010 Changed Table B2 for Level 1 and 2 testing. Clarified saw grind, acetic acid,
Type 2 Nickel requirements.
5 FEB 2014 Added Russian Mud Resistance, Exterior Type 4, and Interior Type 3. (Finishes
and Coatings Global Subsystem Leadership Team)
6 SEP 2015 Removed Code B Type 1. Removed stone chip resistance test. Changed
chrome thickness requirement. (Materials - Finishes and Coatings Global
Subsystem Leadership Team)
7 JAN 2019 Updated Table 4 (nickel thickness requirements). Added 3.3.8.1, trivalent
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chemistry approval test requirements. Revised peel test speeds. Added note to
temperature storage for non-solar glass. (Materials – Finishes and Coatings
GSSLT)
8 OCT 2020 Revised to current template. Updated Tables 3 and 4. Added content for Plating
Over Texture. Subsequent headings renumbered as required. Dev content for
Nickel Electrochemical Potential renumbered to match. (Materials – Finishes
and Coatings Global Subsystem Leadership Team (GSSLT))
9 MAR 2021 Continuous improvement, minor revision to previous revision. (Materials –
Finishes and Coatings GSSLT)

Appendix A
Figure A1: Pore Density Charts (1.0 mm × 1.0 mm)

Applicable to Both Active Sites and Copper Deposition Evaluation Methods
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Appendix B
Table B1: Test Data Form

Region: Plater: Test facility:
Substrate: Material Supplier: Finish:
Chrome Bath Type: Trivalent Hexavalent Chrome Discontinuity Type: Microporous Microcracked
Passivation: Yes No Passivation Chemistry:
Test Specification Requirement Samples

Interior Exterior
Layer
Type 1 and 3 Type 2 Type 1, 2, 3, and 4 LCD 1 LCD 2 LCD 3 HCD 1 HCD 2 HCD3
Total 18 33 40
Total Copper and Nickel ISO 1463, ISO 2177 or
3.4.2
Thickness (µm) ISO 3497
Nickel 8 8 20
Copper 10 25 20
Type Interior Exterior LCD 1 LCD 2 LCD 3 HCD 1 HCD 2 HCD3

Trivalent -
0.15
regular
Trivalent -
0.15 to 0.40 0.15 to 0.40
microporous
3.4.2 Chrome Thickness (µm) ISO 3497 Hexavalent -
0.25
regular
Hexavalent -
0.15 to 0.50 0.15 to 0.50
microporous
Hexavalent -
0.8 0.8
microcracked
Interior Exterior
Type of
Nickel Layer Triple Layer Quad Layer
Single Layer Multi Layer
LCD 1 LCD 2 LCD 3 HCD 1 HCD 2 HCD3
Semi bright Not Required 50% min 50% to 80% 50% to 70%
3.4.2 Nickel Layer Thickness (%) ISO 2177

High-Sulfur Not Required Not Required N/A Required
Bright or Satin 100% Required 20% to 50% ≥ 30%
Microporous/
Not Required Not Required Required Required
Microcracked
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Layers Potential Range LCD 1 LCD 2 LCD 3 HCD 1 HCD 2 HCD3

Microporous to Bright, or
Microporous to Satin 20 mV to 90 mV
Nickel Electrochemical Potential
(Code A, Code B types 1, 2, and 3)
(Multiple-layer Nickel systems
only) Microporous to Bright, or
3.4.3 ASTM B764 Microporous to Satin 50 mV to 90 mV
Required for exterior; optional (Code B Type 4)
for interior. Bright to Semi Bright, or
100 mV to 200 mV
Satin to Semi Bright
High-sulfur to Bright, or
15 mV to 40 mV
High-sulfur to Satin
Determination of crack and pore Microporous (Dubpernell) minimum of 10,000 pores/cm2

number
3.4.4 ASTM B456 Microporous (Active Sites) minimum 5,000 pores/cm2
Required for exterior; optional
for interior. Microcracked 250 to 800 cracks/cm
ABS + PC, Nylon 66 4.5 N/cm

3.4.5 Peel Test ASTM B533
ABS 9.0 N/cm
ASTM B571
3.4.6 Saw Grind Adhesion Test No lifting of electroplate from substrate, no separation between plated layers
GMW14829
No surface changes, adhesion loss, or other changes which reduce

3.4.7 Temperature Storage GMW14668
performance and comply with specified drawing requirements
No grazing, blistering, splitting, loss of adhesion to the substrate or loss of

3.4.8 Quick Thermal Cycle GMW14668
adhesion between individual layers of the metal plating layers
No deformation, crazing, blistering, splitting, or loss of adhesion between

3.4.9 Temperature Cycle GMW14668
layers of the metal plating layers
Free of any surface defects Interior Type 1/2/3 8h

and free of corrosion on all
significant surfaces at the Exterior Type 1/2/4 48 h
conclusion of specified
3.4.10.1 Corrosion Resistance Test (CASS) GMW14458
number of hours. No visible
active sites are permitted,
Exterior Type 3 90 h
except at 90 h of Exterior Type
3.
Free of any surface defects

and free of corrosion on all
Calcium Chloride Resistance
3.4.10.2 ASTM B995 significant surfaces at the Exterior Type 4 336 h
(only for Exterior Type 4)
conclusion of specified
number of hours.
Note: ABS = Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene, HCD = High Current Density, LCD = Low Current Density, N/A = Not applicable, PC = Polycarbonate.
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Table B2: Required Test Frequency
Note 1: Testing shall be done on all P-points.

Note 2: Testing shall be done on one (1) P-point.
Note 3: Every two weeks if amperage and voltage control capability is shown in the control plan. Must be approved by GM SQE.
Note 4: Every two weeks if surrogate testing is performed on a weekly basis. Must be approved by GM SQE.
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Figure B1: Sample STEP Graph for Four (4) Nickel Layers
Figure B2: Example of Plating Constructions
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Figure B3: Interior (Code A) Type 3 Small Part Size Limitations
Figure B4: Example of Peel Test Charts

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Figure B5: Saw Grind Test Example
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Deviations
Dev 3.1 Appearance. Parts must meet regional appearance requirements. In North America, use GMW16882
for exterior components and the drawing number 9591083 for wheel trim components. For wheel trim
applications, every part is expected to meet the pertinent requirements of this specification and Appendix C in
Zones A, B, and C as identified on the Global Wheel/Wheel Trim Surface Standard (drawing number 9591083)
unless otherwise noted.
Dev 3.3.1 Plating Thickness. When zones (i.e., A thru D) are specified on the part drawing, copper and nickel
minimum thickness requirements are allowed to vary from Table 2 as a percentage (%), based on the zone of
the location specified. The part drawing or math file shall define the appearance zones of a plated plastic part
(refer to GMW16882 for guidelines on how to zone a part).
Note: if no zones are specified, the copper and nickel thickness requirements from Table 2 apply over the entire
part. Table Dev 1 shows the allowable reductions in plating thickness based on part zoning.
Table Dev 1: Acceptable Plating Thickness Deviations

Surface Percent (%) of Minimum Thickness Requirement
A 100
B 75
C 50
D Not applicable
Note: Zone 'D' denotes a location that is hidden after installation. Zone 'D' of a part must have sufficient plating thickness to ensure that all
other requirements of this specification are met (e.g., CASS, quick thermal cycle).
Dev 3.3.7 Nickel Electrochemical Potential. Certain plating chemistries may not be optimized within the
potential ranges specified in Table 5. When recommended by the chemical supplier and approved by GM
Materials Engineering, potential ranges outside of the values listed in Table 5 may be used.
Dev 3.5.3.2 Level 2 for Wheel Trim and Claddings. For parts produced post GM GP-12 approval (after launch),
plating system data is to be maintained at a high, ongoing frequency. These tests are to be performed on a high
volume part such that samples will be available weekly for testing. The intent is to monitor and chart the
performance of the same part to remove variation due to design factors from the test performance such that the
testing will provide a record of how the plating system is performing.
In certain cases, part volumes are considered to be so low as to not allow a sampling plan to be effective.
Accessories and service parts are typical of this situation with volumes of a few hundred parts. In this case, the
part sampling shall be on a lot basis with a frequency of not less than once a year. See Table Dev 2 for reference.
Table Dev 2: Production Classification for Wheel Trim and Claddings

Annual Volume
Production Volume Class Sample Rate
(Estimated)
Low (Accessory/Service) < 5000 By lot Note 1
Regular > 5000 but < 50 000 Once a Month or Once every 10 000 parts
System (High Volume Part) > 50 000 Note 2 Weekly
Note 1: Lot definition as established with GM Engineering and Supplier Quality on a case-by-case basis.
Note 2: Should no part volume exceed 50 000 parts annually, then the high volume part is to be selected.
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GMW14668 - Minimum Performance Requirements For Decorative Chromium Plated Plastics

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GMW14668 - Minimum Performance Requirements For Decorative Chromium Plated Plastics

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Template For ENG STDS CG757

Minimum Performance Requirements for Decorative

• Type 3: High corrosion service conditions (wheel claddings and caps).

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Table 1: Typical Approved Substrate Types

PA6, PA66 - MF (10 to 40) +120 °C ± 3 °C

PA6, PA66 - GF (10 to 30) +130 °C ± 3 °C

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Table 2: Copper and Nickel Thickness Requirements

Type 1 and Type 3 18 10 8

Table 3: Chrome Thickness Requirements

Chrome Type Thickness (µm) Applicable Types

(r) 0.15 Minimum All interior

(r) 0.15 Minimum All interior

Hexavalent (mp) 0.15 to 0.50 All interior, exterior

(mc) 0.8 Minimum All interior, exterior Note 1

Table 4: Nickel Thickness Requirements

2 High-Sulfur Not applicable Optional Not applicable Required

3 Bright or Satin 100% Required 20% to 50% ≥ 30%

4 Microporous/Microcracked Not Required Optional Required Required

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Table 5: Nickel Electrochemical Potential

Layers Potential Range Note 1

Microporous to Bright or Satin 20 mV to 90 mV

Table 6: Discontinuous Chromium Requirements

Dubpernell (see 3.4.4): Minimum of 10 000 pores/cm2

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Table 7: Trivalent Chromium (Cr) Sample Conditions Note 1

Cr Thickness Microporous to Bright or Satin Potential

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Table 8: Peel Strength – Continuous Load Requirements

Substrate Minimum Requirement (N/cm)

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Table 9: Corrosion Resistance

Interior (Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3) 8 Not applicable

Exterior (Type 1 and Type 2) 48 Not applicable

Exterior Type 3 Note 1 90 Not applicable

Exterior Type 4 48 336

3.5 Test Category and Frequency.

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5 Rules and Regulations

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