ER.

PERUMAL MANIMEKALAI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Accredited By NAAC with B++ Grade

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGG

L
AB MANUAL
VI SEM

EE 8681- MICRO PROCESSOR AND MICRO CONTROLLER LABORATORY

Prepared By

T.SENTHILKUMA

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 SYLLABUS

EE 8681-MICROPROCESSOR AND MICRO CONTROLLER LABORATORY

AIM
1. To understand programming using instruction sets of processors.
2. To study various digital & linear.

8-bit Microprocessor
1. Simple arithmetic operations:
Multi precision addition / subtraction / multiplication / division.
2. Programming with control instructions:
Increment / Decrement, Ascending / Descending order, Maximum / Minimum of
numbers, Rotate instructions - Hex / ASCII / BCD code conversions.
3. Interface Experiments:
• A/D Interfacing.
• D/A Interfacing.
• Traffic light controller.
4. Interface Experiments: Simple experiments using 8251, 8279, 8254.

8-bit Microcontroller
5. Demonstration of basic instructions with 8051 Micro controller execution,
including:
• Conditional jumps, looping
• Calling subroutines.
• Stack parameter testing
6. Parallel port programming with 8051 using port 1
facility: Stepper motor and D / A converter.
7. Study of Basic Digital IC’s
(Verification of truth table for AND, OR, EXOR, NOT, NOR, NAND, JK FF, RS FF,
D FF)
8. Implementation of Boolean Functions, Adder / Subtractor circuits.
9. Combination Logic; Adder, Subtractor, Code converters, Encoder and Decoder.
10. Sequential Logic; Study of Flip-Flop, Counters (synchronous and asynchronous),
Shift Registers.

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

Ex. Name of the Page No.

No Experiments
8 – BIT MICROPROCESSOR
(8085)
1 SIMPLE ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS USING 8085
a) 8- bit Addition
b) 8 – bit Subtraction
c) 8- bit Multiplication
d) 8- bit Division
2 SORTING AND SEARCHING OF AN ARRAY USING 8085
a) Ascending order
b) Descending order
c) Largest of a given numbers
d) Smallest of a given numbers
3 CODE CONVERSIONS USING 8085
a) Code Conversion: ASCII to Hexadecimal
b) Code Conversion: Hexadecimal to ASCII
c) Code Conversion: BCD to Hexadecimal
d) Code Conversion: Hexadecimal to BCD
4 INTERFACING A/D AND D/A CONVERTER WITH 8085
a) Interfacing: ADC with 8085
b)Interfacing: DAC with 8085

5 Interfacing: Traffic Light Controller with 8085

6 6(a)Interfacing: 8251 with 8085

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 6(b) Interfacing: 8279 with 8085
6(c) Interfacing: 8253/8254 with 8085
MICROCONTROLLER (8051)
7(a) Sum of elements in an array

7 7(b) Sum using Stack

7( c) Sum using call option
8(a) Interfacing: Stepper Motor with 8051
8
8(b) Interfacing: DAC with 8051

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 EX.No:1 SIMPLE ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS USING 8085

AIM:
To write 8085 assembly language programs to perform arithmetic operations like
Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division over 8-bit data and to test the programs.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No Descripti Quantity
on
1 8085Microprocessor Trainer kit 1
2 DC Power supply 1

a) 8-bit addition

Algorithm:
Step1: Initialize carry with zero.
Step2: Get the Augend.
Step3: Get the Addend.
Step4: Perform addition operation between Augend and Addend.
Step5: Check whether carry =1 If Yes increment Carry, otherwise go to SAVE.
Step6: Store the Sum and Carry.
Program:
Memo Instructions
Lab Hex Comme
el ry Mnemoni Opera nts
Code
Addre cs nd

ss
41 MVI C, 00H 0E 00 Initialize C register (carry) with zero.
00
41 LDA 4200H 3A 00 42 Load the first data (Augend) from
02 memory into the accumulator.
41 MOV B, A 47 Move Accumulator content to B register.
05
41 LDA 4201H 3A 01 42 Load the second data (Addend)
06 from memory into the
accumulator.
41 ADD B 80 Add accumulator content with B register.
09
41 JNC SAVE D2 0E 41 If there is no carry, go to SAVE.

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 0A
41 INR C 0C Increment the C register (carry).
0D
SAV 41 STA 4202H 32 02 42 Store the accumulator (sum) content in
E 0E the location 4202H.
41 MOV A, C 79 Move C register (carry) content
11 to accumulator.

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 41 STA 4203H 32 03 42 Store the accumulator (carry) content in
12 the location 4203H.
41 HLT 76 Stop the program
15

Output:
Memor Data Samples
y I. II. III. IV Comments
Locatio .
n
I 4200H Augend
/ 4201H Addend
P
O/P 4202H Sum
4203H Carry

b) 8-bit subtraction
Algorithm:
Step1: Initialize borrow with zero.
Step2: Get the Subtrahend.
Step3: Get the Minuend.
Step4: Perform subtraction operation between Subtrahend and Minuend.
Step5: Check whether borrow =1, If Yes increment borrow and complement
Differences then add 01H, otherwise go to SAVE.
Step6: Store the Difference and borrow.
Program:
Memo Instructions
Lab Hex Comme
el ry Mnemoni Opera nts
Code
Addre cs nd

ss
41 MVI C, 00H 0E 00 Initialize C register (borrow) with zero.
00
41 LDA 4201H 3A 01 42 Load the first data (subtrahend)
02 from memory into the
accumulator.
41 MOV B, A 47 Move Accumulator content to B register.
05
41 LDA 4200H 3A 00 42 Load the second data (minuend)
06 from memory into the
accumulator.
41 SUB B 90 Subtract B register from accumulator.
09

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 41 JNC SAVE D2 11 41 If there is no borrow, go to SAVE.
0A
41 INR C 0C Increment the C register (borrow).
0D
41 CMA 2F Complement the accumulator.
0E
41 ADI 01H C6 01 Add 01 to the accumulator to get
0F 2’s complement.
SAV 41 STA 4202H 32 02 42 Store the accumulator (difference)
E 11 content in the location 4202H.

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 41 MOV A, C 79 Move C register (borrow) content
14 to accumulator.
41 STA 4203H 32 03 42 Store the accumulator (borrow) content
15 in the location 4203H.
41 HLT 76 Stop the program.
18
Output:
Memor Data Samples
y I. II. III. IV Comments
Locatio .
n
I/ 4200H Minuend
P 4201H Subtrahend
O/ 4202H Difference
P 4203H Borrow

c) 8-bit multiplication

Algorithm:
Step1: Initialize memory pointer and product with zero.
Step2: Get the multiplier and Multiplicand.
Step3: Add product with multiplicand.
Step4: Check whether carry =1, If Yes increment MSB of product by one.
Step5: Decrement multiplier by one.
Step6: Check whether multiplier is zero, if NO go to step3 and repeat this until multiplier
Becomes zero.
Step7: Save product (LSB & MSB).
Program:
Memo Instructions
Label Mnem Hex Comme
ry Operan nts
oni cs Code
Addre d

ss
4100 MVI C, 00H 0E 00 Initialize C register (carry) with zero.
4102 LXI H,4200 21 00 42 Load H-L pair with the address 4200H.
H
4105 XRA A AF Clear Accumulator.
4106 MOV B, M 46 Get the first data (multiplier) in B register.
4107 INX H 23 Increment to the memory location to get
the next value.
4108 MOV D, M 56 Get the second data (multiplicand) in
D register.

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
LOOP 4109 ADD D 82 Add accumulator content with D register.
2
410A JNC LOOP D2 0E 41 If CY=0, go to LOOP 1.
1
410D INR C 0C If CY=1, Increment the C register.
LOOP 410E DCR B 05 Decrement the B Register.
1
410F JNZ LOOP C2 09 41 Repeat addition until ZF=1.
2

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 4112 INX H 23 Increment to the memory location to get
the next value.
4113 MOV M, A 77 Store LSB of product in memory.
4114 INX H 23 Increment to the memory location to get
the next value.
4115 MOV M,C 71 Store MSB of product in memory.
4116 HLT 76 Stop the program.

Output:
Memor Data Samples
y I. II. III. IV Comments
Locatio .
n
I/P 4200H Multiplier
4201H Multiplicand
O/P 4202H LSB of
Product
4203H MSB of
Product

d) 8-bit division

Algorithm:
Step1: Initialize Quotient with zero.
Step2: Get the divisor and dividend.
Step3: Compare divisor and dividend.
If divisor < dividend then go to SAVE.
If dividend < divisor then go to next step.
Step5: Subtract divisor from dividend.
Step6: Increment quotient by one and go to step3.
Step7: Store quotient and remainder.
Program:
Memo Instructions
Lab Hex Comme
el ry Mnemoni Opera nts
Code
Addre cs nd

ss
4100 MVI C, 00H 0E 00 Clear C register (quotient) with zero.
4102 LDA 4201H 3A 01 42 Load the first data (divisor) in accumulator.
4105 MOV B, A 47 Move Accumulator content to B register.

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 4106 LDA 4200H 3A 00 42 Load the second data (dividend)
in accumulator.
REP 4109 CMP B B8 Compare the content of B and A register.
T
410A JC SAVE DA 12 If divisor is less than dividend then go
41 to SAVE.
410D SUB B 90 Subtract divisor from dividend.
410E INR C OC Increment C register (quotient).

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 410F JMP REPT C3 09 41 Continue the subtraction.
SAV 4112 STA 4203H 32 03 42 Store the remainder.
E
4115 MOV A,C 79 Move the content of C to A.
4116 STA 4202H 32 02 42 Store the quotient.
4119 HLT 76 Stop the program.

Output:
Memor Data Samples
y I. II. III. IV Comments
Locatio .
n
I/ 4200H Dividend
P 4201H Divisor
O/ 4202H Quotient
P 4203H Remainder

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 Flow chart: a) 8-bit addition

Start

Initialize carry with zero

Get the Augend

Get the Addend

Perform Addition

Is YES
CY=1?
N
Increment Carry

Store Sum and carry

Stop

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
Flow chart: b) 8-bit subtraction

Start

Get the Subtrahend

Initialize borrow with zero

Get the Minuend

YE

Perform Subtraction

Is Borrow=1? N

Increment Borrow

Store difference and borrow

Stop

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
Flow chart: c) 8-bit multiplication
Start

Initialize memory pointer and product with zero

Get the Multiplier

Get the Multiplicand

Product (LSB) =Product+ Multiplicand

Y
Is
ES
CY=1?

Increment Product MSB

NO

Decrement Multiplier by one

YES NO
Is
Save Product
CY=1?

MPMC LAB T. SENTHILKUMAR AP/EEE

Stop
Flow chart: d) 8-bit division

Start

Initialize Quotient with zero

Get the Divisor and Dividend

YES
Is
Divisor<
Dividend?

NO
Reminder= Dividend - Divisor

Increment Quotient by one

Store Reminder and Quotient

Stop

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
PROCEDURE:

Step1: Switch ‘ON’ the Microprocessor trainer kit.

Step2: Using the ‘SUB’ memory command, store the program into the RAM of the
Kit.
Step3: Feed the input data in the appropriate memory location of ROM using the
‘SUB’ memory command.
Step4: Execute the program using ‘GO-EXECUTE’ command.
Step5: Verify the results from the memory location using the ‘SUB’ memory
command. Step6: Repeat the step 3 to 5 for different input.

RESULT:

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 EX.No:2 SORTING AND SEARCHING OF AN ARRAY USING 8085

AIM:
To write 8085 assembly language programs to arrange the array in ascending,
descending order and also find the largest, smallest number in an array.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No Descripti Quantity
on
1 8085Microprocessor Trainer kit 1
2 DC Power supply 1

SORTING OF NUMBERS IN AN ARRAY:

a) Ascending order
Algorithm:
Step1: Load the count value from memory to A-register and save it in B-register.
Step2: Decrement B-register (B is a count for N-1 repetitions).
Step3: Set HL pair as data array address pointer.
Step4: Set C-register as counter for N-1 comparisons.
Step5: Load a data of the array in accumulator using the data address pointer.
Step6: Increment the HL pair (data address pointer).
Step7: Compare the data pointed by HL with accumulator.
Step8: If carry flag is set (If the content of accumulator is smaller than memory) then
go to step 10, otherwise go to next step.
Step9: Exchange the content of memory pointed by HL and the accumulator.
Step10: Decrement C-register. If zero flag is reset go to step 6 otherwise go to next
step.
Step11: Decrement B-register. If zero flag is reset go to step 3 otherwise go to next
step.
Step12: Stop the program.
Program:
Memo Instructions
Labe Hex Comme
l ry Mnemoni Opera nts
Code
Addre cs nd

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 ss
4100 LDA 4200H 3A 00 42 Load the count value in A-register.

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 4103 MOV B,A 47 Set count for N-1 repetitions Of
N-1 comparisons.
4104 DCR B 05 Decrement comparison counter for
(N-1) operations
LOOP 4105 LXI H,4200 21 00 42 Set pointer for array.
3 H
4108 MOV C,M 4E Set count for N-1 comparisons.
4109 DCR C 0D
410A INX H 23 Increment Pointer.
LOOP 410B MOV A,M 7E Get one data of array in A.
2
410C INX H 23
410D CMP M BE Compare next data with A-register.
410E JC LOOP DA 16 If content of A is less than memory then
1 41 go to LOOP1.
4111 MOV D,M 56 If the content of A is greater than the
content of memory.
4112 MOV M,A 77
4113 DCX H 2B Exchange the content of memory.
4114 MOV M,D 72 Pointed by HL and previous location.
4115 INX H 23
LOOP 4116 DCR C 0D
1
4117 JNZ LOOP2 C2 0B Repeat comparisons until C count is
41 zero.
411A DCR B 0D
411B JNZ LOOP3 C2 05 41 Repeat N-1 comparisons until B count
is zero.
411E HLT 76 Stop the program.

Input Data: Output Data:

Before sorting After sorting
Memory Address Memory Address
Content Content
4200 4200
07 07
4201 4201

4202 4202

4203 4203

4204 4204

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
b) Descending order
Note:
1) For descending order program, Change the instruction JC as JNC.

FLOW CHART: a) Ascending order

Start

Load the count value from memory to A-register and save it in B-register.

Decrement B-register (set count for N-1

Load the starting address of data array in HL

Using data pointer, load the count value from memory to C-register.

Decrement C-register (set count for N-1

Increment the data pointer (HL pair)

Compare the data pointed by HL with

N
O
If CY=1

YES

Decrement C-register

Exchange the content of memory pointed

by HL and previous memory location

MPMC LAB T. SENTHILKUMAR AP/EEE

If ZF=0
 NO

YES

Decrement B-register

NO
If ZF=0

Stop

SEARCHING OF NUMBERS IN AN ARRAY:

c) Smallest Data in an array

Algorithm
Step1: Load the address of the first element of the array in HL register pair (Pointer).
Step2: Move the count to B-register.
Step3: Increment the pointer.
Step4: Get the first data in accumulator.
Step5: Decrement the count.
Step6: Increment the pointer.
Step7: Compare the content of memory addressed by HL pair with that of accumulator.
Step8: If carry=1, go to step 10 or if carry=0, go to step 9.
Step9: Move the content of memory addressed HL to accumulator.
Step10: Decrement the count.
Step11: Check for zero of the count. If ZF=0, go to step 6 or If ZF=1 go to next step.
Step12: Store the smallest data in memory.
Step13: Stop the program.

Program

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 Memo Instructions
Labe Hex Comme
l ry Mnemoni Opera nts
Code
Addre cs nd

ss
4100 LXI H,4200 21 00 42 Set pointer for array.
H
4103 MOV B,M 46 Set count for number of elements in
array.
4104 INX H 23
4105 MOV A,M 7E Set first element of array as smallest
data.
4106 DCR B 05 Decrement the count.
LOO 4107 INX H 23 Compare an element of array.
P
4108 CMP M BE With current smallest data.
4109 JC AHEA DA 0D If CY=1, go to AHEAD.
D 41
410C MOV A,M 7E If CY=0 then content of memory is
smaller than A. Hence if CY=0, make
memory as smallest by moving to A.
AHE 410D DCR B 05
AD
410E JNZ LOOP C2 07 41 Repeat comparison until count is zero.
4111 STA 4300H 32 00 43 Store the smallest data in memory.
4114 HLT 76

Input:
Memory Address
Count=07H Data I
Data II
Array= Data1H 4200
Data2H 07
Data3H 07
Data4H 4201
Data5H
Data6 4202
H
Data7H
Output: DataX H (Smallest Data) 4203

d) Largest Data in an array

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
Note:
1) For largest data program, Change the instruction JC as JNC.

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
Flow chart: c) Smallest Data in an array

Start

Load the address of data array in HL pair (Data pointer)

Using data pointer, load the count value from memory to B-register

Increment the data pointer and move the first data to A-register. Decrement the count (B-register)

Increment the data pointer

Compare the content of memory pointed by HL with A-register

If CY=1 N

Yes
Move the content of memory addressed by HL to A-registe
Decrement the count

Yes
If ZF=0

No

MPMC LAB Store the smallest data (A-register) in T. SENTHILKUMAR AP/EEE

Stop
 PROCEDURE:

Step1: Switch ‘ON’ the Microprocessor trainer kit.

Step2: Using the ‘SUB’ memory command, store the program into the RAM of the
Kit.
Step3: Feed the input data in the appropriate memory location of ROM using the
‘SUB’ memory command.
Step4: Execute the program using ‘GO-EXECUTE’ command.
Step5: Verify the results from the memory location using the ‘SUB’ memory
command. Step6: Repeat the step 3 to 5 for different input.

RESULT:

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 EX.No: 3 CODE CONVERSIONS USING 8085

AIM:
To write an assembly language program to perform the conversions of
hexadecimal to ASCII, ASCII to hexadecimal number, BCD to hexadecimal,
hexadecimal to BCD number.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No Descripti Quantity
on
1 8085Microprocessor Trainer kit 1
2 DC Power supply 1

a) HEXADECIMAL to ASCII

Algorithm:
Step1: Load the given data in A-register and move to B-register.
Step2: Mask the upper nibble of the binary (Hexa) data in A-register.
Step3: Call subroutine ACODE to get ASCII code of the lower nibble and store in
memory.
Step4: Move B-register to A-register and mask the lower nibble.
Step5: Rotate the upper nibble to lower nibble position.
Step6: Call subroutine ACODE to get the ASCII code of upper nibble and store in
memory.
Step7: Stop.
Algorithm for subroutine code:
Step1: Compare the content of A-register with OAH.
Step2: If CY=1 go to step4. If CY=0, go to next step.
Step3: Add 07H to A-register.
Step4: Add 30H to A-register.
Step5: Return to main program.
Program:
Memo Instructions
Labe Hex Comme
l ry Mnemonic Operan nts
Code

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 Addre s d
ss

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 4100 LDA 4200H Get binary data in A.
4103 MOV B, A Save the binary data in B-register.
4104 ANI OF H Mask the upper nibble.
4106 CALL ACOD Call subroutine to get ASCII code for
E
4109 STA 4201H lower nibble in A and store in memory.
410C MOV A, B Get data in A-register.
410D ANI FO H Mask the lower nibble.
410F RLC Rotate upper nibble to lower
nibble position.
4110 RLC
4111 RLC
4112 RLC
4113 CALL ACOD Call subroutine to get ASCII code for
E
4116 STA 4202H upper nibble in A and store in memory.
4119 HLT
SUBROUTINE
ACODE
ACO 411A CPI OA H If the content of A is less than OA H
DE
411C JC SKIP Then add 30 H to A otherwise
411F ADI 07 H Add 37 H to A-register.
SK 4121 ADI 30 H
IP
4123 RET Return to main program.

Input Data: Output Data:

Memory Memory Address
b) ASCIIAddress
to HEXADECIMAL Content
Content
4201
Algorithm:
Step1: Set HL pair as pointer for ASCII array.
Step2: Set D-register as count for number of data in the array.
Step3: Set BC pair as pointer for binary (Hexa) array.
Step4: Increment HL pair and move a data of ASCII array to A-register.
Step5: Call subroutine BIN to find the binary (Hexa) value.
Step6: The binary (Hexa) value available in A-register is stored in memory.
Step7: Increment BC pair.
Step8: Decrement D-register. If ZF=0, then go to step 4. If ZF=1, then stop.
Algorithm for subroutine BIN:

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 Step1: Subtract 30H from A-register.
Step2: Compare the content of A-register with OAH.
Step3: If CY=1 go to step5. If CY=0, go to next step.
Step4: Subtract 07H from A-register.
Step5: Return to main program.
Program:

Memo Instructions
Labe Hex Comme
l ry Mnemoni Opera nts
Code
Addre cs nd

ss
4100 LXI H,4200 Set pointer for ASCII array.
H
4103 MOV D, M Set count for number of data.
4104 LXI B,4300 Set pointer for binary (Hex) array.
H
LO 4107 INX H
OP
4108 MOV A, M Get an ASCII data in A-register.
4109 CALL BIN Call subroutine to get binary
410C STAX B value in A and store in memory.
410D INX B Increment the binary array pointer.
410E DCR D
410F JNZ LOOP Repeat conversion until count is zero.
4112 HLT
SUBROUTINE BIN
BIN 4113 SUI 30H Subtract 30 H from the data.
4115 CPI OAH
4117 RC If CY=1, Return to main program.
4118 SUI 07H If data is greater than OA H then subtract
411A RET 07 H and return to main program.

Input Data: Output Data:

Memory Address Memory Address

Content Content
4200 4300
07
4201 4301

4202 4302

4203 4303

4204
MPMC 4304 T. SENTHILKUMAR
c) BCD to HEXADECIMAL

Algorithm:

Program:

Memo Instructions
Labe Hex Comme
l ry Mnemoni Operan nts
Code
Addre cs d

ss
4100 LDA 4200 H Get the BCD number.
MOV B, A Save BCD number.
ANI OF H Mask most significant four bits.
MOV C, A Save unpacked BCD1 in C register.
MOV A, B Get BCD again.
ANI FO H Mask least significant four bits.
RRC Convert most significant four bits into
RRC unpacked BCD 2.
RRC
RRC
MOV B, A Save BCD 2 in B-register.
XRA A Clear accumulator (sum=0)
MVI D, OA Set D as a multiplier of 10
H
SU ADD D Add 10 until (B)=0
M
DCR B Decrement BCD 2 by one
JNZ SUM Is multiplication complete? If not, go
back
ADD C and add again. Add BCD 1.
STA 4201 Store the result.
HLT Stop the program.

Tabulation:

Data Memory Content

Address
Input 4200
Outp 4201
ut

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
d) HEXADECIMAL to BCD

Algorithm:

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
Program:

Memo Instructions
Labe H Comme
l ry Mnemoni Operand ex nts
cs Co
Addre
de
ss
4100 LXI SP,4300 Initialize stack pointer.
H
LDA 4400H Get the binary number in accumulator.
CALL NUMS Call subroutine NUMS.
HLT Stop the program.
NUM PUSH B Save BC register pair contents.
S
PUSH D Save DE register pair contents.
MVI B, 64 H Load divisor decimal 100 in B-register.
MVI C, 0A H Load divisor decimal 10 in C-register.
MVI D, 00 H Initialize Digit 2 (BCD2)
MVI E, 00 H Initialize Digit 3 (BCD3)
STEP CMP B Check if number < Decimal 100.
1
JC STEP 2 If yes go to step 2
SUB B Subtract decimal 100.
INR E Update quotient.
JMP STEP 1 Go to step 1.
STEP CMP C Check if number < Decimal 10.
2
JC STEP3 If yes go to step 3
SUB C Subtract decimal 10.
INR D Update quotient.
JMP STEP 2 Continue division by 10.
STEP STA 4500 H Store digit 1, BCD1
3
MOV A, D Get digit 2, BCD2
STA 4501 H Store digit 2, BCD2
MOV A, E Get digit 3, BCD3
STA 4502 H Store digit 3, BCD3
POP D Restore DE register pair contents.
POP B Restore BC register pair contents.
RET Return to main program.

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
RESULT:

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 EX.No: 4 INTERFACING A/D AND D/A CONVERTER WITH 8085

AIM:
To write an assembly language program to convert an analog signal into a digital signal
and a digital signal into an analog signal using an ADC interfacing and DAC interfacing
respectively.

a) ADC INTERFACING WITH 8085

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S. Descripti Quantity
No on
1 8085Microprocessor Trainer kit 1
2 DC Power supply (+5v) 1
3 ADC Interface board (Vi Microsystems) 1

PROBLEM STATEMENT:

To program starts from memory location 4100H. The program is executed for
various values of analog voltage which are set with the help of a potentiometer. The
LED display is verified with the digital value that is stored in the memory location
4150H.

THEORY:
An ADC usually has two additional control lines: the SOC input to tell the ADC
when to start the conversion and the EOC output to announce when the conversion is
complete. The following program initiates the conversion process, checks the EOC pin
of ADC 0419 as to whether the conversion is over and then inputs the data to the
processor. It also instructs the processor to store the converted digital data at RAM
4200H.

Algorithm:
1. Select the channel and latch the address.
2. Send the start conversion pulse.

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 3. Read EOC signal.
4. If EOC =1 continue else go to step (3)

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 5. Read the digital output.
6. Store it in a memory location.

Program:

Memo Instructions
Labe H Comme
l ry Mnemoni Operand ex nts
cs Co
Addre
de
ss
41 MVI A, 10 3E 10 Select channel 0 and to make
00 accumulator
low
41 OUT C8 H D3 C8 Output the data
02
41 MVI A, 18 3E 18 Make accumulator high
04
41 OUT C8 H D3 C8 Display the data
06
41 MVI A, 01 3E 01 Make 01 to accumulator
08
41 OUT D0 H D3 D0 Display the data
0A
41 XRA A AF XOR with accumulator
0C
41 XRA A AF XOR with accumulator
0D
41 XRA A AF XOR with accumulator
0E
41 MVI A, 00 3E 00 Make 00 to accumulator
0F
41 OUT D0 H D3 D0 Load D0 in output port
11
LOO 41 IN D8 H DB D8
P 13
41 ANI 01 E6 01 Do and operation directly
15
41 CPI 01 FE 01 Compare with accumulator
17
41 JNZ LOOP C2 13 Jump to specified address
19 41
41 IN C0 H DB C0
1C
41 STA 4150 H 32 50 41 Store the data
1E
41 HLT 76 End the program

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 21

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
ADC- Circuit:
SOC Jumper Selection:

J2: SOC Jumper selection

J5: Channel selection

Tabulation:
Analog Voltage Digital data on LED Hex code in the memory location
display 4150

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
b) DAC INTERFACING WITH 8085

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S. Descripti Quantity
No on
1 8085Microprocessor Trainer kit 1
2 DC Power supply (+5v) 1
3 DAC Interface board (Vi Microsystems) 1

SOFTWARE EXAMPLES

The following examples illustrate how to control the DAC using 8085 and
generate sine wave, saw tooth wave by means of software.

(i) SQUARE WAVE GENERATION:

The basic idea behind the generation of waveforms is the continuous generation
of Analog output of DAC. With 00(HEX) as input to DAC2, the analog output is -
5V. Similarly, with FF (Hex) as input, the output is +5V. Outputting digital data 00
and FF at regular intervals, to DAC2, results in a square wave of amplitude I5 Volts

Algorithm:

1. Load the initial value (00) to Accumulator and move it to DAC.

2. Call the delay program
3. Load the final value (FF) to accumulator and move it to DAC.
4. Call the delay program.
5. Repeat steps 2 to 5.

Program:

Memo Instructions
Label H Comme
ry Mnemonics Operan ex nts
d Co
Addre
de
ss
STAR 4100 MV A, 00 H Move 00 to A register
T I
4102 OU C0 H Load C0 to output port
T

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 4104 CALL DELAY Call delay program

4107 MV A, FF H Load FF to B register

I

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 4109 OU C0H
T
410B CA DEL
LL AY
410E JMP STAR Jump to start of address
T
DEL 4112 MV B, 05 Move 05 to B register
AY I H
L1 4114 MV C, FF Move FF to C register
I H
L2 4116 DC C Decrement C
R
4117 JNZ L2 Jump to L2 if no zero

411A DC B Decrement B register

R
411B JNZ L1 Jump to L1 if no zero

411E RE
T

Execute the program and using a CRO, verify that the waveform at the DAC2 output is a
square-wave. Modify the frequency of the square-wave, by varying the time delay.

(ii) SAW TOOTH GENERATION:

Algorithm:

1. Load the initial value (00) to Accumulator

2. Move the accumulator content to DAC.
3. Increment the accumulator content by 1.
4. Repeat steps 3 and 4.
Output digital data from 00 to FF constant steps of 01 to DAC1 repeat this sequence
again and again. As a result a saw – tooth wave will be generated at DAC1 output.

Program:
Memo Instructions
Label H Comme
ry Mnemonic Operan ex nts
s d Co
Addre
de
ss
STAR 4100 MVI A, 00 H Load 00 to accumulator
T
L1 4102 OUT C0 H Load C0 in output port

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 4104 INR A Increment A register
4105 JNZ L1 Jump to L1 if no zero
4108 JMP START Go to START unconditionally

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
(iii) TRIANGULAR WAVE GENERATION:

Algorithm:

6. Load the initial value (00) to Accumulator.

7. Move the accumulator content to DAC
8. Increment the accumulator content by 1.
9. If accumulator content is zero proceed to next step. Else go to step 3.
10. Load value (FF) to accumulator.
11. Move the accumulator content to DAC.
12. Decrement the accumulator content by 1.
13. If accumulator content is zero go to step 2. Else go to step 2.

The following program will generate a triangular wave at DAC2 output.

Program:

Label Addre Mnemoni Opera Hex Code Comments

ss cs nd
STAR 4100 MVI L, 00 H Move 00 to L register
T
L 4102 MOV A, L Load L to a register
1
4103 OUT C8 H Load c8 to output port

4105 INR L Increment L register

4106 JNZ L1 Jump to L1 if no zero

4109 MVI L, FF H Load FF to L register

L 410B MOV A, L Move L to a register

2
410C OUT C8 H Load C8 to output port

410E DCR L Decrement L register

410F JNZ L2 Jump to L2 if no zero

4112 JMP START Go to START unconditionally

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
DAC - CIRCUIT:

Waveforms:

Tabulation:

WAVE FORMS AMPLITUDE TIME PERIOD

Square waveform

Saw tooth waveform

Triangular waveform

RESULT:

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
EX.No:5 TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROLLER WITH 8085

AIM
To write an assembly language program to simulate the traffic light at an
intersection using a traffic light interface.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S. Descripti Quanti
No on ty
1 Microprocessor kit (Vi Microsystems) 1
2 Power supply (+5V dc) 1
3 Traffic light interface kit (Vi Microsystems) 1

Algorithm:
1. Initialize the ports.
2. Initialize the memory content, with some address to the data.
3. Read data for each sequence from the memory and display it through the ports.
4. After completing all the sequences, repeat from step2.

A SAMPLE SEQUENCE:
1. (a) Vehicles from south can go to straight or left.
(b) Vehicles from west can cross the road.
(c) Each pedestrian can cross the road.
(d) Vehicles from east no movement.
(e) Vehicles from north, can go only straight.

2. All ambers are ON, indicating the change of sequence.

3. (a) Vehicles from east can go straight and left.

(b) Vehicles from south, can go only left.
(c) North pedestrian can cross the road.
(d) Vehicles from north, no movement.
(e) Vehicles from west, can go only straight.

4. All ambers are ON, indicating the change of

sequence.

5. (a) Vehicles from north can go straight and left.

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 (b) Vehicles from east, can go only left.
(c) West pedestrian can cross the road.
(d) Vehicles from west, no movement.
(e) Vehicles from south, can go only straight.

6. All ambers are ON, indicating the change of sequence.

7. (a) Vehicles from west can go straight and left.
(b) Vehicles from north, can go only left.
(c) South pedestrian can cross the road.
(d) Vehicles from south, no movement.
(e) Vehicles from east, can go only straight.

8. All ambers are ON, indicating the change of sequence.

9. (a) All vehicles from all directions no movement.

(b) All pedestrian can cross the road.

BIT ALLOCATION:

BIT LED BI LED BI LED

T T
PA0 SOUTH LEFT PB NORTH LEFT P WEST STRAIGHT
0 C
0
PA1 SOUTH RIGHT PB NORTH RIGHT P NORTH
1 C STRAIGHT
1
PA2 SOUTH PB NORTH P EAST STRAIGHT
AMBER 2 AMBER C
2
PA3 SOUTH RED PB NORTH RED P SOUTH
3 C STRAIGHT
3
PA4 EAST LEFT PB WEST LEFT P NORTH PD
4 C
4
PA5 EAST RIGHT PB WEST RIGHT P WEST PD
5 C
5

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
PA6 EAST AMBER PB WEST AMBER P SOUTH PD
6 C
6
PA7 EAST RED PB WEST RED P EAST PD
7 C
7

PATH REPRESENTATION:

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
CONTROL ----- 0F (FOR 8255 PPI)
PORT A 0C
PORT B 0D
PORT C 0E

Program:

ADDRES LABE MNEMONIC OPCOD OPERAN COMME

S L S E D NT
4100 MVI A, 41 3E 41 Move 80 immediately to accumulator

4102 OUT D3 0F Output contents of accumulator to

CONTR OF port
OL
4104 LXI Load address 417B to HL register
H,DATA_
SQ
4107 LXI 11 41,87 Load address 4187 to DE register
D,DATA
_E

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
410A CALL OUT CD 42,41 Call out address

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
410D XCHG EB Exchange contents of HL with DE
pair
410E MOV A,M 7E Move M content to accumulator

410F OUT D3 0C Load port A into output port

PORT A
4111 CALL CD 66,41 Call delay address
DELA
Y1
4114 XCHG EB Exchange content of HL with DE pair

4115 INX D 13 Increment the content of D

4116 INX H 23 Increment the content of H

4117 CALL OUT CD 42,41 Call out the address

411A XCHG EB Exchange content of HL with DE pair

411B MOV A,M 7E Move M content to accumulator

411C OUT D3 0D Load port B into output port

PORT B
411E CALL CD 66,41 Call DELAY address
DELA
Y1
4121 XCHG EB Exchange content of HL with DE pair

4122 INX D 13 Increment D register

4123 INX H 23 Increment H register

4124 CALL OUT CD 42,41 Call specified address

4127 XCHG EB Exchange content of HL with DE pair

4128 MOV A,M 7E Move M content to accumulator

4129 OUT PORT C D3 0E Load port C into output port

412 CALL DELAY1 C 66,41 Call DELAY address

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
B D

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
412 XCHG E Exchange content of HL with DE pair
E B
412F INX D 13 Increment D register

4130 INX H 23 Increment H register

4131 CALL OUT C 42,41 Call specified address

D
4134 XCHG E Exchange content of HL with DE pair
B
4135 MOV A,M 7E Move M content

4136 OUT PORT C D3 0E Load port C into output port

4138 INX H 23 Increment H register

4139 MOV A,M 7E Move M content

413 OUT PORT A D3 0C Load port A into output port

A
413 CALL DELAY1 C 66,41 Call DELAY address
C D
413F JMP REPEAT C3 04,41 Jump to specified address

4142 MOV A,M 7E Move M content

4143 OUT PORT C D3 0E Load port C into output port

4145 INX H 23 Increment H register

4146 MOV A,M 7E Move M content to accumulator

4147 OUT PORT B D3 0D Load port B into output port

4149 INX H 23 Increment H register

414 MOV A,M 7E Move M content to accumulator

A
414 OUT PORT A D3 0C Load port A into output port
B
414 CALL DELAY C 51,41 Call DELAY address
D D
4150 RET C9 Return to accumulator

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
4151 PUSH H E5 Push the register H

4152 LXI H,001F 21 1F,00 Load 00 1F in HL register pair

4155 LXI B,FFFF 01 FF,FF Load FF FF in DE register pair

4158 DCX B 0B Decrement B register

4159 MOV A,B 78 Move B content to accumulator

415 ORA C B1 OR content of C with accumulator

A
415 JNZ LOOP C2 58,41 Jump to LOOP if no zero
B
415 DCX H 2B Decrement H register
E
415F MOV A,L 7D Move L content to accumulator

4160 ORA H B4 OR content of H with accumulator

4161 JNZ L1 C2 55,41 Jump to L1 if no zero

4164 POP H E1 Pop the register H

4165 RET C9 Return from subroutine

4166 PUSH H E5 Push the register H

4167 LXI H,001F 21 1F,00 Load 00 1F in HL register pair

416 LXI B,FFFF 01 FF,FF Load FF FF in DE register pair

A
416 DCX B 0B Decrement B register
D
416 MOV A,B 78 Move B content to accumulator
E
416F ORA C B1 OR content of C with accumulator

4170 JNZ LOOP2 C2 6D,41 Jump to LOOP2 if no zero

4173 DCX H 2B Decrement H register

4174 MOV A,L 7D Move L content to accumulator

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
4175 ORA H B4 OR content of H with accumulator

4176 JNZ L2 C2 6A,41 Jump to L2 if no zero

4179 POP H E1 Pop the register H

417 RET C9 Return to subroutine

A
417 DA 12 27 44 10 2B
B TA 92 10 9D 84 48
SEQ 2E 84
DB 48 4B 20 49 04

RESULT:

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 EX.No:6 6(a) INTERFACING 8251 WITH 8085

AIM:

To write a program to initiate 8251 and to check the transmission and reception
of character.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8085 Microprocessor kit

2. 8251 Interface board

3. DC regulated power supply

THEORY:

The 8251 is used as a peripheral device for serial communication and is programmed
by the CPU to operate using virtually any serial data transmission technique. The USART
accepts data characters from the CPU in parallel format and the converts them in a continuous
serial data stream of transmission. Simultaneously, it can receive serial data streams and convert
them into parallel data characters for the CPU. The CPU can read the status of USART at any
time. These include data transmissions errors and control signals.

Prior to starting data transmission or reception, the 8251 must be loaded with a set of
control words generated by the CPU.These control signals define the complete functional
definition of the 8251 and must immediately follow a RESET operation. Control words should
be written in to the control register of 8251. Words should be written in to the control register of
8251.words should be written in to the control register of 8251.Thesecontrol words are split into
two formats.
1. MODE INSTRUCTION WORD
2. COMMAND INSTRUCTION WORD

1. MODE INSTRUCTION WORD

This format defines the BAUD rate, character length, parity and stop bits required
to work with asynchronous data communication. by selecting the appropriate BAUD factor
synchronous mode, the 8251 can be operated in synchronous mode.

Initializing 8251 using the Mode instructions to the following conditions.

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 8 bit data
No parity
Baud rate factor (16X)
1 stop bit
Gives a mode command word of 01001110=4E(X)
ALGORITHM
1. Initialize timer (8253) IC
2. Move the Mode command word (4EH) to A reg.
3. Output it port address C2
4. Move the command instruction word (37H) to A reg.
5. Output it to port address C2
6. Move the data to be transfer to A reg.
7. Output it to port address C0.
8. Reset the system
9. Get the data through input port address C0.
10. Store the value in memory
11. Reset the system

PROGRAM:

Lab Memo Mnemonic Operan H Comme

el ry s d ex nts
Addr co
ess de
41 MVI A 36 Move 36 to A
00
41 OUT CE Output contents of accumulator to CE port
02
41 MVI A 0A Move 0A to accumulator
04
41 OUT C8 Output contents of accumulator to C8 port
06
41 MVI A 00 Move 00 to accumulator
08
41 OUT C8 Output contents of accumulator to C8 port
0A
41 LXI H 4200 Store 4200 address in HL register pair
0C
41 MVI A 4E Move 4E to accumulator
0F

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 41 OUT C2 Output contents of accumulator to C2 port
11

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 41 MVI A 37 Move 37 to accumulator
13
41 OUT C2 Output contents of accumulator to C2 port
15
41 MVI A 41 Move 41 to accumulator
17
41 OUT C0 Output contents of accumulator to C0 port
19
41 RST1
1B
42 IN C0 Input the contents from port C0
00 to accumulator
42 STA 4150 Store the output from accumulator
02 to 4150
42 RST1
05

SYNCHRONOUS MODE:

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
ASYNCHRONOUS MODE:

OBSERVATION:

MEMORY LOCATION INPUT DATA OUTPUT DATA

RESULT:

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 6(b) INTERFACING 8253 TIMER WITH 8085

AIM:
To interface 8253 Interface board to 8085 microprocessor to demonstrate the
generation of square wave.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8085 microprocessor kit
2. 8253 Interface board
3. DC regulated power supply
4. CRO.

PROGRAM:

Memo Instructions H
Label Comme
ry Mnemoni Operand ex nts
Addre c s co
ss de
STAR 4100 MVI A, 36 3E 36 Channel 0 in mode 3
T
4102 OUT CE D3 CE Send Mode Control word
4104 MVI A, 0A 3E 0A LSB of count
4106 OUT C8 D3 C8 Write count to register
4108 MVI A, 00 3E 00 MSB of count
410A OUT C8 D3 C8 Write count to register
410C HLT 76

Set the jumper, so that the clock 0 of 8253 is given a square wave of frequency 1.5
MHz. This program divides this PCLK by 10 and thus the output at channel 0 is 150 KHz.

Vary the frequency by varying the count. Here the maximum count is FFFF H. So,
the square wave will remain high for 7FFF H counts and remain low for 7FFF H counts.
Thus with the input clock frequency of 1.5 MHz, which corresponds to a period of 0.067
microseconds, the resulting square wave has an ON time of 0.02184 microseconds and an
OFF time of 0.02184 microseconds.

To increase the time period of square wave, set the jumpers such that CLK2 of 8253
is connected to OUT 0. Using the above-mentioned program, output a square wave of

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
frequency 150 KHz at channel 0. Now this is the clock to channel 2.

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 CONTROL WORD:

SC1 SC2 RW1 RW0 M2 M1 M0 BCD

SC-SELECT COUNTER:

S S SELECT
C C COUNTER
1 0
0 0 Select counter 0
0 1 Select counter 1
1 0 Select counter 2
1 1 Read back command

M-MODE:

M M1 M MODE
2 0
0 0 0 Mode 0
0 0 1 Mode 1
X 1 0 Mode 2
X 1 1 Mode 3
1 0 0 Mode 4
1 0 1 Mode 5

READ/WRITE:

R R Status
W1 W0
0 0 Counter latch command

0 1 R/W least significant bit only

1 0 R/W most significant bit only

1 1 R/W least sig first and most sig

byte

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 BCD:

0 Binary counter 16-bit

1 Binary coded decimal counter

RESULT:

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 6(c) INTERFACING 8279 WITH 8085

AIM:
To interface 8279 Programmable Keyboard Display Controller to 8085 Microprocessor.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

1. 8085 Microprocessor toolkit.

2. 8279 Interface board
3. Regulated DC power supply.

PROGRAM:

Memo Instructions
Label Opcod Comme
ry Mnemoni Operan e nts
Addre cs d
ss
41 STA LXI H, Store the 16 bit address in HL pair
00 RT 4130H
41 MVI D, 0FH Move 0F to D register
03
41 MVI A, 10H Move 10 to A
05
41 OUT C2 Output the contents of A to C2 output
07 port
41 MVI A, CCH Move CC to A
09
41 OUT C2 Output the contents of A to C2 output
0B port
41 MVI A, 90H Move 90 to A
0D
41 OUT C2 Output the contents of A to C2 output
0F port
41 LOO MOV A, M Move content of M to A
11 P
41 OUT C0 Output the contents of M to A
12
41 CALL DELAY Call the delay address
14
41 INX H Increment H register
17
41 DCR D Decrement D register
18

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 41 JNZ LOOP Jump to specified address
19
41 JMP START Jump to START address
1C

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 41 DELA MVI B, A0H Move a to B register
1F Y
41 LOOP MVI C, FFH Move FF to C register
21 1
41 LOOP DCR C Decrement C register
23 2
41 JNZ LOOP 1 Jump to LOOP 1 if no zero
24
41 DCR B Decrement B register
27
41 JNZ LOOP 2 Jump to LOOP 2 if no zero
28
41 RET
2B
Pointer equal to 4130 .FF repeated eight times
4130 FF
4131 FF
4132 FF
4133 FF
4134 FF
4135 FF
4136 FF
4137 FF
4138 98
4139 68
413ª 7C
413B C8
413C 1C
413D 29
413E FF
413F FF

SEGMENT DEFINITION:

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 DATA D D D D D3 D D D
BUS 7 6 5 4 2 1 0
SEGMEN d c b a dp g f e
TS

OBSERVATION:

LETTE 7 DATA
R SEGME BUS HEXADECIMA
NT D D D D D D D D L
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

RESULT:

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 Ex.No:7 7(a) 8051 - SUM OF ELEMENTS IN AN ARRAY

AIM:
To find the sum of elements in an array.
ALGORITHM:
1. Load the array in the consecutive memory location and initialize the memory
pointer with the starting address.
2. Load the total number of elements in a separate register as a counter.

3. Clear the accumulator.

4. Load the other register with the value of the memory pointer.

5. Add the register with the accumulator.

6. Check for carry, if exist, increment the carry register by 1. otherwise, continue
7. Decrement the counter and if it reaches 0, stop. Otherwise increment the memory
pointer by 1 and go to step 4.

PROGRAM:

Memo Instructions
Label Comme
ry Mnemonic Operand nts
Addre s
ss
41 MOV DPTR, #4200
00
41 MOVX A, @DPTR
03
41 MOV R0, A
04
41 MOV B, #00
05
41 MOV R1, B
08
41 ADD CLR C
0A
41 INC DPTR
0B
41 MOVX A, @DPTR
0C
41 ADD A, B

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 0D
41 MOV B, A
0F

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 41 JNC NC
11
41 INC R1
13
41 N DJNZ R0, ADD
14 C
41 MOV DPTR, #4500
16
41 MOV A, R1
19
41 MOVX @DPTR, A
1A
41 INC DPTR
1B
41 MOV A, B
1C
41 MOVX @DPTR, A
1E
41 HLT SJMP HLT
1F

OBSERVATION:

INPU OUTPU
T T
4200 03 (Count) 4500
(MSB)
4201

4202 4501
(LSB)
4203

RESULT:

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 7(b) 8051 - SUM USING STACK
AIM:
To find the sum of elements in an array using stack.
ALGORITHM:
1. Start

2. Move the data to stack pointer

3. Move the data to accumulator

4. Move the data to reg B

5. Move the data to DPL

6. Push the value of A to stack

7. Push the value of B to stack

8. Push the value of DPL to stack

9. Halt
PROGRAM:

Memo Instructions
Labe Comme
ry Mnemoni Opera
l nts
Addr cs nd
ess
41 MOV SP, #10 SP initialized to 10 of internal RAM
00
41 MOV A, #88 A has 88
03
41 MOV B, #67 B has 67
05
41 MOV DPL, DPL has 43
08 #43
41 PUSH A SP incremented by 1 and (A) is stored here.
0B
41 PUSH B SP incremented by 1 and (B) is stored here.
0D
41 PUSH DPL SP incremented by 1 and (DPL) is stored here.
0F
41 HLT SJMP HLT
11

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
STACK OPERATIONS:

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 Stack operations move data between register and the top of the stack. It is
incremented before data is stored during PUSH and CALL executions. While the stack
may reside anywhere in the chip RAM, the stack pointer is initialized to 07 after a reset.
This causes the stack to begin at location 08.
STACK CONTENTS AFTER INSTRUCTION PUSH A
10 XX
11 88

STACK CONTENTS AFTER INSTRUCTION PUSH B

10 XX
11 88
12 67

STACK CONTENTS AFTER INSTRUCTION PUSH DPL

XX 10
88 11
67
43 12
13

RESULT:

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 7(c) 8051 - SUM USING CALL OPTION
AIM:
To find the sum of elements in an array using call option.
ALGORITHM:
1. Start

2. Move the data to DPTR

3. Move the data to accumulator

4. Adjacent call 4200

5. Add A & R0

6. Move the 16 bit data from A to DPTR

7. Move the data to accumulator

8. Move the data to R0

9. Return to 4107
PROGRAM:

Addre Label Mnemonics Operand Comme

ss nts
4100 MOV DPTR,# 4300

4103 MOV A, # 00

4105 ACALL 4200

4108 ADD A, R0

410B MOVX @DPTR,A

410D SJMP

410F MOV A,#02

4111 MOV R0, #01

RET

OBSERVATION:

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 INPUT OUTP
UT
42
00 43
00
42
02

RESULT:

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
Ex.No:8 8(a) STEPPER MOTOR INTERFACING WITH 8051

AIM:
To interface a stepper motor with 8051 microcontroller and operate it.

THEORY:
A motor in which the rotor is able to assume only discrete stationary angular
position is a stepper motor. The rotary motion occurs in a step-wise manner from one
equilibrium position to the next. Stepper Motors are used very wisely in position control
systems like printers, disk drives, process control machine tools, etc.
The basic two-phase stepper motor consists of two pairs of stator poles. Each of
the four poles has its own winding. The excitation of any one winding generates a North
Pole. A South Pole gets induced at the diametrically opposite side. The rotor magnetic
system has two end faces. It is a permanent magnet with one face as South Pole and the
other as North Pole.
The Stepper Motor windings A1, A2, B1, B2 are cyclically excited with a DC
current to run the motor in clockwise direction. By reversing the phase sequence as A1,
B2, A2, B1, anticlockwise stepping can be obtained.

2-PHASE SWITCHING SCHEME:

In this scheme, any two adjacent stator windings are energized. The switching
scheme is shown in the table given below. This scheme produces more torque.

ANTICLOCKWISE CLOCKWI
SE
ST A A B B DA ST A A B B2 DA
EP 1 2 1 2 TA EP 1 2 1 TA
1 1 0 0 1 9h 1 1 0 1 0 Ah
2 0 1 0 1 5h 2 0 1 1 0 6h
3 0 1 1 0 6h 3 0 1 0 1 5h
4 1 0 1 0 Ah 4 1 0 0 1 9h

ADDRESS DECODING LOGIC:

The 74138 chip is used for generating the address decoding logic to generate the
device select pulses, CS1 & CS2 for selecting the IC 74175.The 74175 latches the data
bus to the stepper motor driving circuitry.
Stepper Motor requires logic signals of relatively high power. Therefore, the
interface circuitry that generates the driving pulses use silicon darlington pair
transistors. The inputs for the interface circuit are TTL pulses generated under software

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
control using the Microcontroller Kit. The TTL levels of pulse sequence from the data
bus is translated to high voltage output pulses using a buffer 7407 with open collector.
BLOCK DIAGRAM:

REPRESENTATION:
8051
MICROCONTROLL 825
ER
5 DRIVER CIRCUIT STEPPER MOTOR

PROGRAM:

Memo Label Mnemonic Operand Comme

ry s nts
Addre
ss
4100 START MOV DPTR, #4500 H
4103 MOV R0, #04 H

4105 LOOP MOVX A, @DPTR

4106 PUSH DPH

4108 PUSH DPL

410A MOV DPTR, #FFC0 H

410D MOV R2, #01 H

410F MOV R1, #22 H

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 4111 DELAY 1 MOV R3, #FF H

4113 DELAY DJNZ R3, DELAY

4115 DJNZ R1, DELAY 1

4117 DJNZ R2, DELAY 1

4119 MOVX @DPTR, A

411A POP DPL

411C POP DPH

411E INC DPTR

411F DJNZ R0, LOOP

4121 SJMP START

4123 END

4500 TABLE DB 09 05 06 0A H

PROCEDURE:

1. Enter the above program starting from location 4100.and execute the same.
2. The stepper motor rotates.
3. Varying the count at R4 and R5 can vary the speed.
4. Entering the data in the look-up TABLE in the reverse order can vary direction of
rotation.

RESULT:

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 8 (b) INTERFACING D/A
CONVERTER WITH 8051
AIM:

To interface DAC with 8051 to demonstrate the

generation of square, saw tooth
and triangular wave.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

SL.N ITE SPECIFICATION QUANTIT

O M Y
1 Microprocessor kit 4185,Vi Microsystems 1
2 Power supply +5 V dc 1
3 DAC Interface board Vi Microsystems 1

THEORY:

SOFTWARE EXAMPLES

After going through the software examples you can learn how to control
the DAC using 8051 and generate sine wave, saw tooth wave etc by means of software.

ALGORITHM:

(a) SQUARE WAVE GENERATION:

1. Load the initial value (00) to Accumulator and move it to DAC.
2. Call the delay program
3. Load the final value (FF) to accumulator and move it to DAC.
4. Call the delay program.
5. Repeat steps 2 to 5.

DAC - CIRCUIT:

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
WAVEFORMS:

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
OBSERVATION:

WAVE FORMS AMPLITUDE TIME PERIOD

Square waveform

Saw tooth waveform

Triangular waveform

(a) SQUARE WAVE GENERATION

The basic idea behind the generation of waveforms is the continuous generation
of Analog output of DAC.
With 00(HEX) as input to DAC2, the analog output is -5V. Similarly, with FF
(Hex) as input, the output is +5V. Outputting digital data 00 and FF at regular intervals,
to DAC2, results in a square wave of amplitude I5 Volts.
PROGRAM:

Address Label Mnemonics Operand Comments

4100 MOV DPTR, #FFC0
H
4103 START MOV A, #00 H

4105 MOVX @DPTR, A

4106 LCALL DELAY

4109 MOV A, # FF H

410B MOVX @DPTR, A

410C LCALL DELAY

410F LJMP START

4112 DELAY MOV R1, #05 H

4114 LOOP MOV R2, #FF H

4116 DJNZ R2, HERE

4118 DJNZ R1, LOOP

411A RET

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 411B SJMP START

Execute the program and using a CRO, verify that the waveform at the DAC2
output is a square-wave. Modify the frequency of the square-wave, by varying the time
delay.

(b) SAW TOOTH GENERATION

1. Load the initial value (00) to Accumulator
2. Move the accumulator content to DAC.
3. Increment the accumulator content by 1.
4. Repeat steps 3 and 4.
Output digital data from 00 to FF constant steps of 01 to DAC1 repeat this sequence
again and again. As a result a saw – tooth wave will be generated at DAC1 output.
PROGRAM:

Addre Label Mnemonics Operand Comme

ss nts
4100 MOV DPTR,#FFC0
H
4103 MOV A, #00 H

4105 LOOP MOVX @DPTR,A

4106 INC A

4107 SJMP LOOP

(c) TRIANGULAR WAVE GENERATION

1. Load the initial value (00) to Accumulator.
2. Move the accumulator content to DAC
3. Increment the accumulator content by 1.
4. If accumulator content is zero proceed to next step. Else go to step 3.
5. Load value (FF) to accumulator.
6. Move the accumulator content to DAC.
7. Decrement the accumulator content by 1.
8. If accumulator content is zero go to step 2. Else go to step 2.

The following program will generate a triangular wave at DAC2 output. The

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
program is self-explanatory.

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR
 Addre Labe Mnemonics Operand Comments
ss l
4100 MOV DPTR,#FFC0
H
4103 STA MOV A,#00 H
RT
4105 LOO MOVX @DPTR, A
P1
4106 INC A

4107 JNZ LOOP1

4109 MOV A, #FF H

410B LOO MOVX @DPTR, A

P2
410C DEC A

410D JNZ LOOP2

410F LJMP START

OBSERVATION:

WAVE FORMS AMPLITUDE TIME PERIOD

Square waveform

Saw tooth
waveform
Triangular
waveform

RESULT:

MPMC T. SENTHILKUMAR