Chapter Two

Direct Design Method

Lecturer: Shna Jabar Abdulkarim
MSc. Structural Engineering
 Two-Way Column Supported Slab (Flat Slab)

Two-Way Slab with beams Two-Way Slab without beams

Moment Variation in Flat Slabs
Total Static Moment lit
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Limitation of the ACI DDM by beams and slabs

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Limitation of the ACI DDM
 Limitation of the ACI DDM

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Design strips
Design strips
In all cases

l1: is the span in the direction of the

moment analysis (c. to c.).

l2 : is the span in the lateral direction

(transvers to l1 c. to.c).

ln : clear span in l1 direction.

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Design strips
Design strips
Design strips
Types of Spans (Panels)

1) Interior Span

2) Exterior Span
1) Analysis of Interior Span

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1) Analysis of Interior Span

the rest is given to middle strip

1) Analysis of Interior Span
the rest is given to middle strip

Middle Strip Moment   ve  M u ,Total   ve  M u ,Column Strip

Middle Strip Moment  M u ,remained
1) Analysis of Interior Span
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2) Analysis of Exterior Span
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2) Analysis of Exterior Span
2) Analysis of Exterior Span
2) Analysis of Exterior Span
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2) Analysis of Exterior Span no torsion

Same
as
Interior
Span
Middle Strip Moment   ve  M u ,Total   ve  M u ,Column Strip
Middle Strip Moment  M u ,remained
2) Analysis of Exterior Span

Same
as
Interior
Span
Factored Moments in Beams
Factored Moments in Beams
Design of moment reinforcement for slab
Example:

Corner

Fukrovin
Be
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 7.S

IS

Shear Design in Flat Plate and

Flat Slab
is3 43 hism

<is wicks Lism

1) Slabs with out special Reinforcement

a) One-Way Shear (Beam Shear) Vc   0.17 fc' bwd  Vu  Vc 

b) Two-Way Shear (Punching Shear)

𝑽𝒖 ≤ 𝝓𝑽𝒄
 2) Slabs with Shear Reinforcement

a) One-Way Shear (Beam Shear) Vu  Vc  Vs  Vu  Vc 

b) Two-Way Shear (Punching Shear)

Nominal shear strength for two-way members with shear reinforcement other than
shearheads shall be calculated by: Vu  Vc  Vs
For two-way members with shear reinforcement, 𝜙𝑉𝑐 shall not exceed the limits: 𝜙𝑉𝑐 = 𝜙0.17 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑜 𝑑

For two-way members with shear reinforcement, effective depth shall be selected such that𝑉𝑢 =
𝜙𝑉𝑐 = 𝜙0.5 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑜 𝑑 calculated at critical sections does not exceed this value.
 2) Slabs with Shear Reinforcement

b) Two-Way Shear (Punching Shear)

b) Two-Way Shear (Punching Shear)

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b) Two-Way Shear (Punching Shear)
b) Two-Way Shear (Punching Shear)
b) Two-Way Shear (Punching Shear)
b) Two-Way Shear (Punching Shear)
 is
b) Two-Way Shear (Punching Shear) pie
To
seeblade
To
a
Example-1:
i) Without shear reinforcement

 2 1  21
 1    1    0.5
 c  6  1  6
 s  d  1  40 160 1
  2    2   0.45
 bo  12  1840  12
1
  0.33
3
 to
Vc  0.33  0.75  30 1840 160  399kN  580kN
 shear reinforcement is required

ii) With shear reinforcement

Vu  Vc  Vs
For two-way members with shear reinforcement, effective depth shall be selected such
that vu calculated at critical sections does not exceed the value:

𝑉𝑢 = 𝜙𝑉𝑐 = 𝜙0.5 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑜 𝑑 = 0.75x0.5x 30𝑥1840𝑥160 = 604.7𝑘𝑁 > 580𝑘𝑁 𝑜. 𝑘

o changes
weed to
Let 𝜙𝑉𝑛 = 𝑉𝑢 = 𝜙𝑉𝑐 +𝜙𝑉𝑠 V
no

Ch)
genebre
 Iecede
Vc  0.75   30 1840 160  205.6kN the
Vs  Vu  Vc  580  205.6 &
374.4kN
150mm
Check for d  d 
16d  16 10  160mm  o.k 
Av  No.of beams  No.of legs  As  4  2  71  568mm 2

 Av f y d 0.75  568  414 160

s   75mm

I
Vs
I
374.4 10 3

d 160
Check for s  smax    80mm  75mm  o.k 
2 2
 No.10 stirrups @75mm will be used.
Shear reinforcement required until Vu  Vc s
Vc  u 
0.17 fm'
c ob d blue
ed 
The required perimeter of the second critical section, at which the concrete
alone can carry the shear, is found from the controlling equation as follows:
-33 2kU

580 10  0.75   30  bo 160  bo  5191mm

3 &

   
3 26kn 33

bo  I2d  x 2  4  5191  4 3 160  x 2  x  578

& a mm
b
⑱
zd
cheek
1
e

BS223m
373

y   3 160   x  818
⑤ mm serves
- for
SS75-
2
Exrend the shear reinforcement at distance  d  beyond the theoritical cut-off points
380
223 283 380
980 S & S

 818  160  978  980mm  No.stirrups 

② I I
 13
75
 use 13  No.10@75mm c / c along each column line.
y
 used for Globe plake
Ex-2: ->
had

-sheer check but wak 5.K.

↳ then creeched
For Drop
Dener
 of 3 eds.
euallon

some
-sky
Cheek with sheer cap
Avg