Industrial Fluid Power

QUESTION: - As discussed during the lecture Fluid Power systems are characterized by having a much higher
Force Density compared to Electric Motors. Please provide detailed explanation, use physical equations to
support your answer.

Hydraulic Motor

Electric Motor

ANSWER: -

 Hydraulic system does not require any intermediate components to transfer the power such as gears,
cams, levers, and belts. There are no unnecessary inherent to transmit the motion.

Torque density is the ratio of torque to volume, or the amount of torque per unit volume. Torque
density shows the work ability with the given torque. It is measure of system efficiency.

 Hydraulic systems have less wear and tear in comparison to the electric systems because fluids are
unaffected by the external forces in context to mechanical parts, these parts must face constant friction
and stress.

 At low velocity, Huge amount of torque is generated by hydraulic system than electric system.
Torque is turning force transmitted to shaft of equipment. This implicates with lack of enough torque;
the shaft will rotate slowly.

Torque is inversely proportional to Speed. T = P/ω, P=Power, ω= Speed.

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 This shows less speed gives more torques.

Electrical motor torque is proportional to the product of magnetic flux and the armature current. With
excessive current, field coil will overheat which causes damage. To generate more torque, the motor
requires more winding of coil which will increase the size of motor and consumes more current.

 In recent hydraulic motor, the high energy density is only possible due to the liquid passing the
component space takes away the heat power loss. Power loss in electric motor sustain within the coils,
the only way to dissipate the heat is through external ventilation.

For Instance, the heat dissipation from an electric motor powered with 100 kW can with the heat loss 1500
watts/kW.
(100 kW) X (150 watts/kW)
= 15000 watts
= 15 kW
The rest of the energy
(100 kW) - (15kW)
= 85 kW
is output mechanical energy.

If both electric motor and Mechanical components are in same premises, there will be substantial rise in
the temperature of premises.