EE-260

Lecture No 01

Electrical Machines
Text Book: Chapter 01 (Stephen J. Chapman 4th/5th Ed)

Introduction
1.1 Electrical Machines (Page-1)
1.3 Rotational Motion, Newton's Law, and Power
Relationships (Page-3)

Instructor: Dr. Farid Gul

Class: BEE-2k20AB
Electrical Engineering Department
 About my self

PhD Beihang University

Navigation Systems Beijing, China
Integration
MS Beihang University
Control, Guidance and Beijing, China
Simulation of Flight Vehicle
BE College of Aeronautical
Avionics Engineering Engineering
(NED University Karachi)

Courses:
Electronics; Electrical Machines; Control system Engineering;
Guidance, Navigation and Control

2
 EE-260 - Electrical Machines
Course Code: EE-260 Semester: Fall 2022
Credit Hours: 3-1 Prerequisite EE-211 (ENA)
Codes:
Instructor: Dr Farid Gul Class: BEE-2k20AB
Office: R No A-120 , SEECS Telephone: 051-9085-2110
main building
Lecture Days: Tue, Thu, Fri E-mail: farid.gul@seecs.edu.pk
Class Room: CR-14, CR-12 Consulting Thu, Fri : 1500 to 1700 Hrs
Hours: Coordinate through email/phone
Lab Engineer: Engr Jawwad Ali Lab Engineer ?@seecs.edu.pk
Email:
Knowledge Electronics, Power Updates on After every lecture
Group: and Control LMS:

Text Book: Electric Machinery Fundamentals, by S. J. Chapman

Ref Book : Electric Machinery and Transformers, by B. S. Guru
3
 Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs)

At the end of the course the students will be able to:

 
1. Describe fundamental concepts, theories and laws of magnetics & magnetically coupled
circuits. (PLO-1)

 
2. Analyze the characteristics and operation of transformers and derive their equivalent
circuits. (PLO-2)

3. Analyze the characteristics and operation of synchronous machines and derive their
three phase equivalent circuits (PLO-2)
 

4. Analyze the characteristics and derive the equivalent circuits of three phase induction
motors, DC machines and single-phase machines. (PLO-2)

4
 Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs)

At the end of the course the students will be able to:

 
5. Conduct experiments as well as analyze and interpret experimental data. (PLO-4)

 
6. Implement & Test different electric machines using state of the art LabVolt tools and
Test Equipment (PLO-5)

 
7. Exhibit good professional and ethical behavior while adhering to lab safety rules.
(PLO-8)

 
8. Function effectively both individually and as a member of a team. (PLO-9)

5
Assignments & Lab Reports:
• The assignments will be submitted as desired by the instructor.
• The labs will be conducted every week.

Grading Policy:
Theory 75%

Assignments : 5 - 10%
Quizzes : 10 -15%
Mid Term : 30 - 40 %
End Semester Test : 40 - 50%

70% Lab work/Lab report/Lab quiz

Practicals 25 %
30% Lab Exam/Semester Project

6
 What is an Electrical Machine ?
 A device that can convert either mechanical energy to electrical energy or
electrical energy to mechanical energy.
 When used to convert mechanical energy to electrical energy, it is called a
generator.
 When it converts electrical energy to mechanical energy, it is called a motor.

Electrical machine can convert power in either direction, thus any machine can be
used as either a generator or a motor.

7
 Transformer, Generator, and
Motor
The principle for operation of transformers and machines is through the
magnetic field. Therefore, we study them together.
• Why to use Generators?
Electric Power is clean and is easy to transmit over long distance.
• Why to use Motors?
It does not need constant ventilation and fuel, like internal combustion
engine. Environment friendly.
• Why transformers?
Reduce energy loss between point of generation and point of use of
electric power.

8
 Fundamentals of Rotational
Motion
• Rotational motion
• All the electrical machines rotate about an axis called SHAFT of the
machine
• Conventionally this rotation is called +ve if it is Counter Clock Wise and
–ve if it is Clock Wise.

• Angular position θ
• It is object’s angle w.r.t. a reference point, similar to distance in linear
motion.

9
 Angular Velocity ω and Angular
Acceleration α
Angular velocity m  rad / sec, 1 rev  2 rad
d

dt m
fm  rev / sec
2
If  is in rad then  is rad / sec m
nm   60 or
2
Generally angular velocity is in rpm
n m  f m  60 rev / min
 m  angular velocity in rad/sec.
f m  angular velocity in rev/sec.
n m  angular velocity in rev /min. (rpm)

Linear acceleration: a  d /dt rev / sec 2

Angular acceleration:   d /dt rad / sec 2 10
 Newton Law of Motion
• In Linear motion: F = ma
• F: Net force applied to the object (lb or Newton)
• m: Mass of the object (Slug or kg)
• a : Resulting acceleration (ft/sec² or m/sec²)

• In Angular motion  = j
•  : Net torque applied (N-m or lb-ft)
• j: Moment of inertia (kg-m2 or slug-ft2)
•  : Angular acceleration (rad/sec²)

11
 Work & Power
• In linear motion work is application of a force through a
distance  

• If the force is constant & collinear with direction of motion

 

• In angular motion work is application of torque through an

angle.  

• If torque is constant,
 

12
 Work & Power
Rate of change of work is power.

P  dW dt
 d ( Fr ) / dt
 dr 
 F 
 dt 
 Fv
• Units: joules/sec (watts) or
foot lb/sec, or Horse Power (HP)

13
 Power
P  dW / dt
For constant torque, the power at the d  d 
shaft of the machine is given by:  ( )   
dt  dt


P  

Torque is commonly measured in Newton-meter or pound-feet,

Angular velocity in revolution per minute,
Power either in watts or in horse power.

14
 THE MAGNETIC FIELDS
The fundamental mechanism by which energy is converted from one form to
another in motors, generators, and transformers

The four basic principles

1. A current-carrying wire produces a magnetic field in the area around it.

2. A time-changing magnetic field induces a voltage in a coil of wire if it passes through that
coil. (the basis of transformer action.)

3. A current-carrying wire in the presence of a magnetic field has a force induced on it. (the
basis of motor action.)

4. A moving wire in the presence of a magnetic field has a voltage induced in it. (the basis of
generator action.)

15
???