Namei Anuatt

KoLL No. dooo91o1oooo

DBHS Augumuu -3
Qus
A B C
1
4 3
5 3

) AB
Suwew, al th valus eA au miaw , 40, Ths funetiovual
S.
cepundeuey hetds tuu ou

(6) BCA
This FD dou a t tetd onS beaue BC cam detuuiue diffeut
vatus e A.

) BC
This FO Lolcs ue on S bucauuw ttuw T o -oue rulatioust}
bubwn B aud C.

RCA,s,c, D, E,F)
FD:ABc,E CF,B-E ,CEF

Cleuun e atttbuto su iA3

(A ABCEF
Ao, t dleuus af A CA,8,C,E,F)
R(A,8, C, D, E,F, G)
FDA8, ABCD E, EFG
Fa
dtuuwwy AcDFG holds on R
AcDF) (ABcDEFG) R
Aince (AcdF)-R
So
ACDF G holds tu ou R

aF: A8, ABC ,DAC, D >E

Clouns ABC
A
(B) B
c >C
(D)+ ABCDE
CEy E

i'w'mal Covu:
A 8 sutial
AB C Eswitial
DA witial
D C X Ruclundauct
D E Esuitial

D>A, DE
ofF:iA>B, A8C,
Miwimal covu

BC, D AE
b) G A
Cloumis
 A)t ABC
(Bs 8
(C C
(D ABCDE
E E
Minimal Covu:
A8 sutial
AC Eutial
D A ssutial
DE

inimal Cou ef G: A>BC ,D>AE

The we &uta ael G auw
equivauct oLcause uiglt haud seu
e Caww clutamuwd by 9 at aud vic-vuc.

R(A,8,)
FD:A BC, B> CA ,C-3AB
Camdidat Key
At
4T ABC . R
8 ABC . R
A BC 2., R

so, laudidat ku = îA, 8,c}

6) Clou Ft

A ABC , B ABC ,Ct ABC

e) iwmol ovu A B ssuial

A-C X Rucluncdaat
 8A Kedundanit
B Cssuctial
CA ksuctial
CB X Redundaub

so, wtwiwal cov A->8, 8-¢,CA3

, t clos have weu thawv wuinww.al covus t . A>B,8-C,

CA aud A->C,BA ,CB 3

FO:3 A->BC, CDE, 8->D, E>A

(E)A8CDE
se, E D holos Tw

(6) Claue Ft:

A A BCDE
Cot CDEAB
B-BD
E - ABCDE

(c) Camdidat Kua

At ABCDE e. R
E+
ABCDE e. R
BC+ BCDEA .L. R
CD ABCDE .e, R

A, Camdidau Kuys ou A,E, Bc, cD

 hu RCABC DE)
F: AB-CD, ABC E, CA

Cawclirtat k
(AB >ABCDE . . R
ec ABCDE . R
Sinee aly AB and BC closu taw chutumine
so, lamdioat Kuy = A8, BC3

RCA, 8,C, D, E)
CA, B, c) RCA, D,E)
This a
losskus joiw ducowpoultiou if
a t t (a) Vata (k) = ata (R)
. îA,6,c} v $4,D,E =
S4,8,C,p, E?
which u

ata (8) A att (Ra) t

AX + , wruich alue u
ath () Acth (Ra) atn (Ri) x aa (a)
4,6,c n A,0,E} =A i6, 3
whieh aluo iu
Since, all Thuu coucitons au . so, i s a lau lus joiw
dheempasn
 V Aulatios iw iNF t coutams am atouie

NE vatut
Alatte
latiov wl he uw WF i t ü iw 1NF aud all
uou- ky attubuiis au fully fuuitioual dependuct on z

3NE: AACanddatt
ulatow Kiy.
lation e iw 3NE # t w dNF aud w
Dansutiow dfevdunt. ciss.
BCNFA sRougu
suogu dhlitiow a 3NF 4 calld Boyce Cocd Nounad

3NE a tiuw is k s udundaney

ato tiaw
e
Conpaudt o 3NA", 7his telatho.
depunddy huu
u e te left haud icte el-the fuetioual
a cCadiclati Ky

hui RA,8,C,D,E) FO:A-8, C>b,D-2E 3

aCanekidat Kyai
ACT ABCDE

AC clau dutuuinu K,do, Candicatu ky =

AC?
Since

6)) Nowal foun of k : iNF

v 1NF
Sincs, thu u pacial fundioual dpevduey tew it

L &(D, E) FD:D El
FO:A8?
R,CA,B Thuufore , this ducsupasiton
FO: C b ? is w BNE
LRCA,c) foe cawclicotu ky
Ra,8e,D,E) FO:A 8,BCD ,D BC, DE-o?
A8 Ceutial
BCD esutial
DB sutias
DC kssuial

Thu is we uduuclauct fuucttonal depuvdney

Cavelicatr K

AEDT ABCDE t.R

AE BC AB CD E t.L. R

Cawcicatt kus = 2 ADE, ABCE ?

suiue, hue is fatial depeudwey huu it w 1NF

AB w 3NF
BCD 3NF

D BC e t w 3NE

Deompoiiow w 3NF:

R, CA,8) Fo:AB3
R CB,c,D, E) FD:§D-Bc?
k, C8,c,D) FD:BCD?
R, CA,D, E)
Rs (A,C,E)
Qus
Ra,8,c,D,E) FD:AB,8cE,ED-A?
Candida Ky
 AcDt ABCDE t.t. R
CDE+ ABCDE e. R
BCDt ABCDE t. R

0, Cauelicat Kua =
ACD, SCD, CDE
a) u w 3NF because
becaus t u á a puime athibcte on augld
aud sidu e tack functtoual dipendumey.
) *&wot n BeNE buau t t u is uo upu Ky on tku lt hauc
dich unctioual dupevcucis.

Aas e)R (4,8,C,0, E) FD:A8,C>D3

Cavdidott Ky
ACEt ABCDE Comdtidlat Ky= ACE

This hulatton R1 s uot BeNF bcausu left hauol áictu oeack

Duceuposiwow

LR,CA FO:A83
FO: CD?
This cucoapaitow d w
BcNF
LR Cc, D
LR CA,C,E)

No F
(6) R5CA,T,c,E)
Ance,Huu s we FD but hu Cou bAavial dpenduciuu

so, R5 in BeNF
usl6
ueit (a) FD: CD,C>A, 8C3

Candicat Ky B 3

B ABCD .. R

w INF
Fox BcNE, dcomhouitiow

LR, CB,c) FD: 8 c

R (A,C, D) FD:cA,CDI

(b) FD: 8C,D->A

Camclidats Ky =
{BD?
BDt ABCD ¢.t. R
u iNF
Auino tku patial dupurcauey 8, it
BCNF Decempesitow

LR, C8,c) FD:Bc?

R CD A) FO DA
R CB,D)
(c) FD:iA>B, BC-> D, Ac?
Caneticlato ky A
A A BCD lR

uOT

This s w o2NF smeu BC w e t a suhu ky aud D

a fpum attubut

BcAF Dcompostiovw
 CA,8,) FO:A>8 ,A>Cc
CB,C,D) FD BC> D
ABCABCD, D>A
aneticlatt Kyi ABC, BCD
ABCT ABCD
BCD ABCD
w 3NF &ue ABC is a supu ky aud A a puine
attutbu
BeNF decompoutow
R,CA, D) FD:DA3
R, CA,B, C)
R,CB,C, D)
18
Tua iea)ZAB,aC , A8DE, EG3
The cucempositiow wst losless .
To pcove tkis cousiclu
tha fotuowing intaueu ef R:
a , b,d, e1), Ca,6, eai da,e3»)
Becan e FDs BCA add A>C , a,*a, Gf aud only
*i tasy o t h a t thu join tB M BC couitad
f c4c
iCa,b,), (a,b, ¢a), Cea,6,G), (@,6,)?
se,th foiw af B, BG, ABDE aud EG wte coitaun at
Duoutkpls (achaty auplea) 8 we hane av loe
decomposstiow huu
ehn AB >C ACB è t puwecl.
6) AC ,A CDE, A0G
i's ducubostiow lost. Ths s bicouu join efABc,
ACDE aud ADG Com be coustuctid iw d Tips i s t
joun ABC aud nscose Huin
AcDE: Hhis s Losslss bcaue
intauuctiow sAC which ls a ky o ABCDE,Nos join
t
s s iutumediat piw wt ADG Tuis s alse kosbhs
bucauethe atinibudte iutauitiow i AD aud AD-> ADG.

Ahso RA,8,6,0)
Rinmay key 4,8
a i 2NF f u s we pactial punstaoual dpeudeney
and iw 3NE tf H is a tuattonal clependecy w t
upu atpu Ky as clctuninaut n e puinw ttcbuto on t h
igkat side. s if t e a mctoval depenclncis dueh
FD: AB >C,C>D
hen, itis siv aNF aud ot 3NE

RCA,B,C, d, E)
FDs ABcDE,8AcDE, C>ABDE
a) Camdiolat Ku a R
At AB CDE
Bt ABCOE Caudidat
C ABCDE ka iA, 8, e?