Chapter # 6

NATIONAL INTEGRATION
Q: Define the following terms in relation to
national integration.
●CENTRIPETAL FORCE:
Those forces or elements which are or
maybe responsible for the unification or
unity or organization of a nation at one
platform. They include religion or political
ideology, national language, national
interest.
●CENTRIFUGAL FORCE:
Those factors or elements which are or may
be responsible for the disunity,
disorganization and the division of a nation
into various groups on the name of religion,
language, region. They include regional
languages, sectarianism, provincialism, and
ethnicity.
Differences:
Centripetal Forces
●Meant for unification of a nation.
●Develop and promote nationalism &
patriotism.
●Want a strong nation and national or a
central government.
●Centripetal forces mean seeking towards
“Center”.
Centrifugal Forces
●Meant for division of a nation.
●Promote regionalism and provincialism.
 ●Want a weak nation and strong
provincial governments.
●Centrifugal forces mean forces feeling or
escaping from the “Center”.
Q: Define briefly the term “National
Integration” and the means to achieve it.
NATIONAL INTEGRATION
It is such an environment or feeling of unity,
patriotism, and togetherness among the
various groups and sects living in a country
who start regarding them as one entity
(Body), or one nation forgetting their
political, religious, economic, social or
cultural differences for the sake of national
interests of this state (country).
MEANS TO ACHIEVE NATIONAL
INTEGRATION:
●A uniform education system.
●Equal economic and political
opportunities.
●Promotion of national language.
●Removal of discrimination based on
religion, cast, creed, colors and gender.
●A free and fair election process.
●Independent judiciary.
●Promotion of pluralism (acceptance of
all cultures and entities).
●Discouraging regionalism or
provincialism.
●Eradication of corruption, nepotism,
favoritism, bribery, poverty and illiteracy.
6.1.1 = Define national cohesion and
integration
●Such a political environment which leads
to a source of attraction, galvanization
and togetherness of various
geographical, political, racial, lingual,
units, living in a region is known as
national cohesion. A process of
collecting or gathering various sections
of a region based on cast color, creed,
language religion as one whole so that
they can get one political identity is
known as national integration.
●It is such an environment or feeling of
unity, patriotism, and togetherness
among the various groups and sects
living in a country who start regarding
 them as one entity (Body), or one nation
forgetting their political, religious,
economic, social or cultural differences
for the sake of national interests of this
state (country).
6.1.2 = Differentiate between national
cohesion and national integration.
National cohesion National Integration
●National cohesion is ●It is a process to unite
such an environment various lingual, racial
or source of attraction or geographical units
which develops into one whole.
harmony or uniformity
in a multi ethnic or a
multilingual state.
●National cohesion is a ●National integration
binding source which follows after
develops political, religious political and
religious, social and cultural uniformity is
social harmony among established so that it
a diverse group of can give a diverse
people living in a group of people a
particular region. particular identity.

6.2.1 = Identify factors enhancing national

cohesion and integration in the country;
●A uniform education system.
●Equal economic and political
opportunities.
●Promotion of national language.
●Removal of discrimination based on
religion, cast, creed, colors and gender.
●A free and fair election process.
 ●Independent judiciary.
●Promotion of pluralism (acceptance of
all cultures and entities).
●Discouraging regionalism or
provincialism.
●Education of corruption, nepotism,
favoritism, bribery, poverty and illiteracy.
●Rule of law.
●Promotion of national language.
6.2.2 = Describe why national cohesion and
national integration are important for the
socio-economic development of the
nation.
●If there is national cohesion and
integration in a country it will lead to
equal economic and social opportunities
which will strengthen the social fabric of
the society and provide a solid structure
 which will ultimately lead to elimination
of economic discrimination resulting the
equal job opportunities, equal
distribution of economic resources
among the provinces and elimination of
gender biasness all will lead to social
economic development in that country.
●National cohesion and integration is an
important source to develop nationalism
and patriotism in a particular nation
which is a key element to establish a
prosperous and strong country.

6.3.1 = Identify the problems associated

with building national cohesion in
Pakistan;
●Regional politics (provincialism).
●Political instability.
●Absence of rule of law.
●Less emphasis on national politics.
 ●Religious fanaticism or extremism.
●Multiple education system / absence of
a uniform system.
●Improper or unequal distribution of
national income among the provinces.
●Feudalism (Politics based on land
resources).
●Improper economic and political
opportunities for every Pakistani.
●Gender biasness.

6.3.2 = Suggest ways to increase national

integration and national cohesion in
country
●Promotion of national language,
●Removal of provincialism.
●Justice without discrimination.
●Equal distribution of national income
among the provinces.
 ●One or uniform purposeful education
system in Pakistan.
●Eradication of religious intolerance and
removal of sectarianism.
●Removal of corruption, illiteracy, poverty
and employment from Pakistan.
●Effective economic planning and
implementation in the country.
●Consolidation of national institutions
such as NAB, POLICE, WAPDA, SUI
NORTHERN AND SUI SOUTHERN GAS,
FIA.
●Inter-provincial Marriages and cultural
promotion programs.

6.3.3 = Suggest the role of an individual in

increasing national cohesion and national
integration in a country.
●An individual develops the qualities of
tolerance and acceptances so that
 religious and political harmony may be
established which will eventually lead to
national cohesion and integration in
Pakistan.
●An individual must develop such
qualities and follow the rules and laws of
the country which are necessary to
develop good citizenship which is a
fundamental requirement to establish
national cohesion and integration.
●The individual of Pakistan must elect
dedicated, honest, fair and responsible
representatives so that a strong political
system could be established which can
make effective and people oriented
policies to raise the standard of the
living of the people, develop peace and
remove regional or income disparities
from Pakistan which are the major
hurdles to develop the national cohesion
and integration.