Quiz

&
Questions
 İçindekiler

MOCK EXAM QUESTIONS .................................................................................... 2

ANSWERS ............................................................................................................ 18

ISTQB ADVANCED LEVEL - REVISION QUESTIONS. ...................................... 19

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 Mock Exam Questions
Scenario 1

A critical computer system used in surgical operating theatres monitors and controls the
pressure of a pump which pumps the blood around the body during heart operations when
the heart itself is unable to pump.

If the computer system fails during an operation then the blood will fail to reach the patient’s
critical organs.

The development method used by the organisation that specialises in such software is the
V model.

An urgent modification needs to be applied because of a reported serious defect which

intermittently stops the pumps working. Consequently at present all organisations using the
software have been told they must not use it until the defect has been fixed.

The nature of the failure is that when the doctor switches the control over to the artificial
pump the new mode occasionally doesn’t initiate.

Question 1

The development manager asks you identify suitable test coverage entry criteria for system
test. Which of the following would you recommend as being the THREE most appropriate
entry criteria to a system testing phase which will be followed by acceptance testing? [2
marks]

a) 100% requirements coverage

b) 100% statement coverage
c) 75% decision coverage
d) 100% Chow’s 0- switch coverage
e) 100% regression coverage

Question 2

Since the system is in the medical domain and therefore in the safety critical area, testing
needs to be rigorous and evidence is required that the system has been adequately testing.
Identify THREE measures that would typically be part of the test approach in this domain
and are not always applicable in other domains? [1 mark]

a) High level of documentation

b) Failure Mode and Effect Analysis sessions
c) Traceability to requirements
d) Non-functional testing
e) Master test planning

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It has been suggested that inspections may be a good technique in this situation but the
development manager is concerned that using inspection techniques will take longer
because of the overheads of holding the inspections and then modifying the documentation
to action any findings.

Question 3

Despite the time pressure which of the following reasons would be the best justification for
using inspections? [2 marks]

a. The most formal type of review is the best choice for such a safety critical system.
b. Inspections allow process improvement which will contribute to future enhancements
being implemented more smoothly.
c. The thoroughness of the inspection process provides the best chance of finding the
defects at an early stage during this modification.
d. Inspections allow the team to learn more about the system and consequently this
approach reduces the risk of introducing further errors.

Question 4

Which of the following review types best matches the following description “the author leads
the reviewers through the product”? (1 mark)

a) Inspection
b) Management review
c) Walkthrough
d) Technical review

Question 5

The project is behind schedule and the date has come that user acceptance testing should
already have started. Which of the following options is the best one to select at this stage?
[2 marks]

a) Proceed to user acceptance testing to prevent delays in this critical project

b) Defer user acceptance testing until the code changes have been completed and unit
tested
c) Make the changes and inspect the code before proceeding to user acceptance testing
d) Complete the changes and complete associated unit, system and regression testing
before proceeding

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Scenario 2

An entrepreneur, Ken, in Leeds decides that the local tea available in his city is such poor
quality that he researches superior teas available around the world and decides to market,
sell and distribute his products via the web. His market offering is based on offering superior
products, an easy to use and well designed website with graphics which are fast to load,
high availability, superior usability and fast response times.

The website will offer the following:

- An innovative interactive catalogue of teas which in addition to enabling purchase

provides the capability for customers to rate the teas (which will influence his stock
purchasing levels).
- Secure credit card transactions
- Customer feedback capability

Ken selects a RAD prototyping model for development. The team comprises 3 developers
experienced in web development although Ken himself has no technical skill-set. Ken is
concerned with quality, doesn’t believe lots of documentation is necessary and wants the
website completed quickly.

The test basis comprises:

- Story boards which shows information flow and page linkages through the site
- HTML pages developed to date.
- A statement of non-functional requirements.

Question 6

One of the developers is drawing up a draft Incident management form which so far looks
like this:

Incident description

Date

Author

State

You have been asked for guidance on which are the key fields to include. Which of the
following would you recommend as the best combination of fields to add? [2 marks]

a. Priority, version of software under test, incident identification.

b. Date to be fixed, priority, incident identification
c. Developer assigned to the fix, version of software under test, incident identification.
d. Priority, version of software under test, date to be fixed

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Question 7

Since RAD will be used, Ken is also considering to introduce exploratory testing. Which of
the following statements characterize exploratory testing? [1 mark]

(i) Testing is carried out within time boxes

(ii) A useful approach where there is inadequate specifications

(iii) Tests are derived based on structure of the code

(iv) Is a complementary technique to structured testing

a) (ii) and (iii)

b) (i), (ii) and (iv)
c) (i) and (iv)
d) (i), (ii) and (iii)

Ken wants to be able to keep the project moving, especially in the testing phase, where he
is concerned in case delays begin to creep in. He needs a set of basic measurements that
will give him clear visibility of progress.

Question 8

Which of the following could be provided to Ken about test progress to enable him to
determine likely ‘go live’ date? [2 marks]

(i) Number of tests planned versus number of tests executed

(ii) Number of high priority defects outstanding

(iii) The team’s timesheets in order to show how much effort has been devoted to
testing

(iv) Number of tests passed and number failed

(v) Number of defects found in each developer area

(vi) The rate at which defects are being found

a) (ii), (iii), (iv)

b) (i), (iii), (v)
c) (i), (ii), (vi)
d) (iv), (v), (vi)

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Question 9

Which THREE measurements would you use to monitor product quality of the application?
[1 mark]

a) Defects found versus defects expected

b) Tests run and tests passed
c) Resources spent versus budget
d) Availability of test environment
e) Product risks outstanding and new risks introduced

Question 10

You have been asked to write a testing strategy for the company. Which statement best
explains how risk can be addressed within the testing strategy? [1 mark]

a) A test strategy should address identified generic product risks and present a process
for mitigating those risks in line with the testing policy.
b) A test strategy identifies the specific product for a project and defines the approach for
the test project.
c) A test strategy is derived from the test policy and describes the way risk assessments
are performed in projects.
d) A test strategy is the result of a product and project risk analysis and defines the
approach and resources for testing.

Ken has been caught out before by unavailability of a test environment. He realises that
this project will need a test environment to enable adequate testing to be completed, so
he wants to carry through the basic design of this environment now.

Question 11

Which of the following would be the key considerations when creating the test environment?
[2 marks]

(i) Anticipated number of concurrent users

(ii) Anticipated number of website hits

(iii) Common browser/ platform variations

(iv) The skill of the developers

(v) Test data readiness

a) (i), (ii), (iii)

b) (ii), (iii), (iv)
c) (i), (iv), (v)
d) (ii), (iii), (v)

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The next priority is to get a reasonably accurate estimate of the test effort required. Ken is
aware of some techniques but is unsure which will work in this situation.

Question 12

Which of the following methods is likely to provide the most accurate estimate for the test
effort in this particular situation? [2 marks]

a) Using Function Point Analysis on the storyboard ideas.

b) Using an industry standard percentage of development effort, e.g. 30%.
c) Combining developer knowledge and experience and seeking a consensus using the
wide-band delphi estimation technique.
d) Using Test Point Analysis on the completed HTML.

With the strategy taking shape, Ken asks your advice on the specific testing techniques
that should be used to complete the required testing, bearing in mind the nature of the
application and the nature of Ken’s overall objectives.

Question 13

Which of the following represents the best choice of testing techniques in this scenario? [2
marks]

a. Equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis using the storyboard ideas as a
basis to maximise functional coverage.
b. Decision testing to ensure that there is no redundant code.
c. Exploratory testing to maximise the value of the team’ experience.
d. State transition testing to test the web site’s availability statuses.

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Finally, Ken wants to organize reviews to determine what has been done and satisfy
himself that the work done so far is appropriate and will help him meet his high level
objectives.

Question 14

Which of the following would be most likely to increase the probability of achieving his
desired outcome? [2 marks]

i Informal walkthrough of materials they have to ensure the team has a shared
understanding
ii A management review to evaluate the project risk associated with
implementing the storyboard.
iii A formal inspection of the storyboard to ensure that the requirements won’t
change during the course of the project
iv A technical review of the html pages by a developer.
v A walkthrough with the whole team present in which architectural decisions are
made quickly.

a. (i), (ii), (iv)

b. (ii), (iii), (iv)
c. (i), (ii), (v)
d. (iii), (iv), (v)

Question 15

The introduction of reviews and inspections has often failed as a process improvement
action. Identify the THREE most important measures that should be taken to reduce the
risk that this test process improvement will fail. [2 marks]

a) Process ownership and experienced moderators who drive the inspection process.
b) Management support
c) Training to those involved
d) The availability of standards and processes
e) The maturity of the software organization

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Scenario 3

A major retail operation has a purchasing system with a number of nationally distributed
purchasing centres. A central Management Information System (MIS) consolidates
inventory levels and purchasing needs and generates management reports. The sites
upload their data regularly using batch processing. Management reports are prepared from
a central database daily. The MIS is not interrogated in real time although the reports
generated are never more than a day old.

The number of purchasing centres is expected to triple over the next 5 years as a result of
mergers and acquisitions. The existing architecture is not coping with the existing load and
a major upgrade is planned to triple its capacity to cope with the extra demand and also to
enhance the MIS.

A draft test strategy is in place for the upgrade project. None of the testing team members
have experience in using automated tools and the current test library contains no automated
scripts.

The project team is using the V model and the test strategy uses 4 levels of testing: unit,
integration, system and user acceptance testing. Each level has a phase test plan.

Question 16

Which TWO tools would be a good combination for use at the system test level for this
project? [2 marks]

a. Incident management tool

b. Modelling tool
c. Configuration management tool
d. Monitoring tool
e. Test running tool

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You want to introduce the idea of ‘end to end’ testing, by which you mean exercising the
system from the beginning to the end of a set of business scenarios. This is not a new
system, so some of the business scenarios have already been tested and will not change.

Question 17

End to end testing will comprise a series of test cases based on business scenarios which
test the combined systems from a client site, via the site gateway to the central MIS and
back again. Which of the following would be the highest priority focus for the test approach?
[2 marks]

a) Performance testing across the network because of potential issues with the site
uploads speed due to network traffic and complete functional testing of the central
MIS.
b) Volume and load testing across the network and re-testing and regression testing of
the central MIS.
c) New functionality testing and regression testing of the new MIS and end to end testing
across the network.
d) Usability testing and regression testing of the new MIS and fail over and recovery
testing of the system batch upload processes.

A few weeks into the project the project manager decides to further develop the entry criteria
for system testing because there have been quality issues with previous code drops of the
central MIS; in particular they have experienced significant levels of defect clustering and a
high number of severity ‘1’ defects.

Question 18

In this scenario, which of the following would be the optimum set of entry criteria? [2 marks]

i 100% equivalence partitioning coverage

ii 100% statement and 75% decision coverage
iii 100% path coverage
iv No severity 1 defects
v Integration test to system test handover report produced
vi System test design completed and environment readiness

a) (i), (iv), (vi)

b) (ii), (iv), (v)
c) (iv), (v), (vi)
d) (i) (ii), (iii)

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A decision has been taken to use an agile development method for the MIS component of
the architecture and you need to review the test strategy to reflect this change of approach.

Question 19

How will you modify the strategy to take account of these new circumstances? [2 marks]

a) No change is necessary
b) Minor changes to unit testing are required because this will now be less formal
c) The overall strategy needs to be changed to reflect a more exploratory approach to
development and testing
d) The user acceptance stage needs to be modified so that the users can more fully be
involved in testing

As the time pressure increases towards the end of the project the project manager wishes
to save time by reducing the system testing phase and seeks your advice on the impact
this might have on the project

Question 20

How would you advise him? [2 marks]

a) Reducing any test phases is always a bad thing and will jeopardise the project.
b) Reducing the test phase will reduce some of the project risk but at the expense of
increased product risk.
c) Reducing the system test phase is no problem in this instance because we have not
found all that many problems so far.
d) Reducing the system test phase is your responsibility and I do not want to be
associated with that decision.

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Scenario 4

A very large financial organisation with 40,000 employees world wide has a trading system
that is critical to their business; the Chief Executive is very interested in this particular
system because of its potential impact on the business and he will not tolerate any down
time.

The centralised operating environment (COE) of the organisation, on which the trading
system depends, is to be upgraded. The distributed sites use a version of Windows and
each has a local firewall. The upgrade will be rolled out across 6 different platforms. The
last similar upgrade was 6 months ago but it was a minor upgrade; most of the team that
implemented that upgrade is still available. There is a new Test Manager.

The upgrade project will be the responsibility of the central IT group but they will need
assistance from all the business areas; there are currently no local sponsor/stakeholders
appointed.

The project will need to co-ordinate the testing of 8000 applications across all divisions;
some of these applications are not documented. The project has a time scale of 3 months
to prepare for roll-out of the new environment. The implementation process is expected to
be the same that used for the last minor upgrade.

Question 21

Which of the following best describes the optimum choice of test ‘approach’ for this project?
[2 marks]

i Load testing because of the large number of employees with workstations

ii Use of structure-based techniques because too little is known about the
functionality of the apps.
iii Exploratory testing because of the lack of functional specifications, but there is
some understanding of the functionality
iv Volume testing because of the large number of applications to be tested
v State transition because of the large number of applications to be tested.

a) (i), (iii).
b) (i), (iv).
c) (iii), (iv).
d) (ii), (v).

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Question 22

How could the following risks be mitigated for this project? [2 marks]

i New team resources with no experience of COE upgrade

ii Risk of significant financial loss if the trading environment is negatively
impacted
iii Risk of some applications not working with COE because apps unknown and
therefore missed out of testing
iv Risk of not completing due to tight timeframes.

a) By organising the team to work in pairs – one experienced and one new member.
b) Analyse the project to better understand requirements.
c) Engage the business to review test scope against applications and ensure that all high
and medium risk level applications are covered.
d) Select techniques to maximise coverage with available resources

Scenario 5
You are currently leading a test team of 4 people to System Test the Payroll
functionality. The 4 members of staff are:
• John is one of the senior testers. He has been working for the company the longest
and has a good network of contacts. He is confident and tries to bring other team
members together to promote team discussions. He is sometimes seen as
manipulative and is often seen to delegate personal work.
• Sue is a senior tester. She always seems to be busy and often seems to have too
much work to do but gets it done, regardless of what it takes. She is often inclined
to worry unduly and sometimes seen to be argumentative and blunt. She is
conscientious and searches out errors and omissions and always delivers on time.
• Steve is a tester. He is serious minded and often looks ahead. When he is given
problems to solve he often looks at all options before deciding. He needs to be a
little bit more diplomatic though in his approach to other people because his attitude
can often have a negative affect when trying to inspire others. He is a good person
to bounce ideas off.
• Vicki is a test analyst. She is the newest member of the team and has been
employed for her automation skills. Vicki is shown to be dedicated to automation,
having spent the past 5 years developing the necessary skills in automation tools.
Her view on testing seems to be narrow minded and believes automation is the only
way forward.

Question 23

Which team role described by Belbin would you attribute to John? [1 mark]
a) Coordinator
b) Completer Finisher
c) Monitor Evaluator
d) Specialist

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The project has been running for a few months and the team seems to be stagnating in
their testing approach. The team also lacks drive and enthusiasm and is sometimes seen
to be “dragging their heels” You have been asked to recruit an extra person into the team.

Question 24

Which of the Belbin’s team roles would be most appropriate to enhance the team? [2 mark]

a) Shaper
b) Completer Finisher
c) Monitor Evaluator
d) Specialist

Question 25
In addition to introducing the new team member, you have decided to give motivation a
boost. Which of the measures listed hereafter would be the best measure to take in order
to increase the motivation of the team? [2 marks]

a) Provide more time for testing in the schedule

b) Allow people to take some time off
c) Introduce entry criteria to the testing phase
d) Organise a meeting with senior management in which they address the importance of
good testing for this project

Scenario 6
At XTT ltd. the developers are satisfied that their informal reviews of requirements are very
effective, but the testers are finding a lot of faults in testing. The developers say that the
testers are not interpreting the requirements correctly, and the testers say that the
requirements are too ambiguous. The testers have asked to be involved in reviewing
requirements, but the project manager says there isn’t time, and it would slow the project
down.

Question 26
You have asked to advice which type of review would be most appropriate under the
circumstance to enhance the review process? [2 marks]

a. Walkthrough
b. Management review
c. Inspection
d. Technical review

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Question 27
Which TWO problems are most likely to occur in implementing more formal reviews? [1
marks]
a) Not allowing time in schedules for review meetings
b) Management support is missing
c) Does not fit with the documents in use
d) The life cycle used does not address formal reviews
e) Process improvement should be ready for this

Question 28
Which of the following is NOT a role in the inspection process? [1 mark]
a. Moderator
b. Scribe
c. Checker
d. Champion
e. Manager

Question 29

Which of the following is not part of an inspection? [1 mark]

a. Kick off meeting
b. Discussion meeting
c. Logging meeting
d. Requirements meeting
e. Causal analysis meeting

Due to a successful implementation of reviews, XTT is now open for test process
improvement. You have been asked to provide assistance in writing a test policy

Question 30

Select TWO of the following topics that are most likely to be part of the test policy? [1 mark]
a) Definition of testing
b) The entry and exit criteria for each test phase
c) The test design techniques to be used
d) The environment in which software tests will be executed
e) Quality targets to be achieved

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Question 31
Which of the following phases in the fundamental test process is considered to deliver a
document to be used as a major input for test process improvement? (1 mark)

a) Test planning and control

b) Test implementation & execution
c) Evaluating exit criteria and reporting
d) Test project closure

You have been asked to investigate various process improvement models. You have been
asked to provide a comparison between the two main models TMMi and TPI and provide a
recommendation.

Question 32

Which THREE of the below mentioned characteristics relate to the TMMi? [1 mark]

a) 5 maturity levels d) Highly related to the CMMI

b) Focus on higher level testing e) Continuous model
c) 20 key areas f) Staged model

Scenario 7

The new release of the Foodstaws Internet is running ok. Functionality is now at the right
level. However, complaints are frequent on non-functional issues. Some examples are:

i the new site does not run on Mac’s

ii especially around lunch time when many customers are using the web site, the site
seems to be slow.
iii some are enthusiastically starting to use the internet site but are not able to complete
the transaction

Question 33

Which type of non-functional risk is related to complaint (i)? [1 mark]

g) Functionality
h) Usability
i) Efficiency
j) Portability
k) Maintainability
l) Reliability

Question 34

Which TWO types of non-functional risks are related to complaint (ii) and (iii)? [1 mark]

a) Functionality c) Efficiency
b) Usability d) Portability

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 e) Maintainability
f) Reliability

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 ANSWERS
Mock Exam Questions Answers
1. B, C, D 2 marks
2. A, B, C 1
3. C 2
4. C 1
5. D 2
6. A 2
7. B 1
8. C 2
9. A, B, E 1
10. A 1
First set: maximum marks 15

Needed to pass: 10 marks

11. A 2 marks
12. C 2
13. C 2
14. A 2
15. A, B, C 2
16. A, D 2
17. B 2
18. B 2
19. C 2
20. B 2
Second set: maximum marks 20

Needed to pass: 13 marks

21. A 2
22. C 2
23. A 1
24. A 2
25. D 2
26. A 2
27. A, B 1
28. D 1
29. D 1
30. A, E 1
31. D 1
32. A, D, F 1
33. D 1
34. C, B 1
Third set: maximum marks 19

Needed to pass: 13 marks

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 ISTQB Advanced Level – Revision Questions
1. BASIC ASPECTS OF SOFTWARE TESTING

a) Describe the V-model.

b) Describe the RAD life cycle
c) Describe the benefits of using the V-model (different test levels) for an organization.
d) Describe the difference between an agile development method (e.g. RAD) and the V-model.
e) Identify three key challenges for testers arising from the RAD development approach
f) Describe the difference between an incremental development method and the V-model.
g) Identify three key challenges for testers arising from the incremental development approach.
h) Identify three test measures that would typically be part of a test approach in a safety critical
domain

2. TESTING PROCESSES

a) Describe the generic test process, and the interactions and interdependencies between each
stage (possibly include a diagram)
b) Which phase in the generic testing process provides major input for test process
improvement?

3. TEST MANAGEMENT DOCUMENTATION

a) What are the main components of a test policy?

b) How and why would you develop a test policy?
c) What are the main components of a test strategy?
d) Which test strategy components are not likely to be used with a RAD development cycle?
e) What is the purpose of a test strategy?
f) Describe a number of test entry criteria for a specific test level. Explain why these are
important.
g) Describe a number of test exit criteria for a system test.
h) How would you develop a test strategy?
i) Identify the headings of an IEEE 829 test plan?
j) Describe the contents of each of the headings of an IEEE 829 test plan?
k) Identify which headings of IEEE 829 are core for a master test plan?
l) Identify which headings of IEEE 829 are core for a phase test plan?

4. TEST ESTIMATION

a) What can be estimated during test estimation?

b) What are the major problems for providing accurate test estimation?
c) What information do you preferably need for a thorough test estimate?
d) What factors influence the test estimate?
Hint Test point analysis (TPA) may partly help in answering this question.
e) Identify and describe three different ways of estimating time required for testing.
f) List a number of benefits and drawback of each of the techniques listed from the previous
question.
g) Explain which stage of the test process is especially difficult to estimate, and why.
h) Why is a not a good idea to estimate testing effort only based on a percentage of the
development effort?

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5. TEST PROGRESS MONITORING AND CONTROL

a) Outline the content of a typical test progress report during test execution. Provide headings
with a brief description of the content (possibly using IEEE 829).
b) How would a test summary report for a business manager differentiate from that for a project
manager?
c) Describe four test monitoring techniques to keep track of progress.
d) Describe three measurements that you would use to monitor product quality
e) List a number of test control measures that can be taken.

6. TESTING AND RISK

a) Explain the term risk-based testing.

b) What is the difference between a product risk and a project risk?
c) What is the difference between risk level and risk type and how can each of them be used to
determine the test approach.
d) Define what is meant by risk and how risk analysis can be used to inform the test approach.
e) Define key benefits and potential pitfalls of risk-based testing.
f) Provide a full description of each of the three elements of risk management
g) What factors determine the importance of an item to be tested? Provide concrete examples,
not just likelihood and impact.
h) Identify the key stakeholders in a risk identification exercise.
i) Describe three different types of techniques to identify product risks

7. CHOOSING TEST TECHNIQUES

a) List the main drivers behind the choice of test techniques

b) List the code coverage requirements according DO-178B
c) What are the main benefits of using systematic test design techniques?

8. REVIEWS

a) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the reviews.

b) List the four types of product reviews, what are their main objectives?
c) Compare walkthroughs with technical (peer) reviews
d) List two advantages and two disadvantages for each review technique.
e) How would you try to influence managers to accept (more formal) types of reviews?
f) List three reasons why the implementation of inspections may fail
g) Describe actions that you would take to successfully implement a review process

9. INCIDENT MANAGEMENT

a) What features would you expect from an incident management tool?

b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a full incident management tool to using
an excel sheet for incident logging?
c) What are the key elements (from IEEE 1044) of, and requirements for a thorough test incident
report?

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10. STANDARDS & TEST PROCESS IMPROVEMENT

a) Provide a short description and overview of the CMMI process improvement model
b) Explain the similarities and differences between the staged and continuous representation of
the CMMI.
c) What are the four main models that support test process improvement?
d) Provide a short description, its main characteristics and elements and overview of the TMMi
and TPI test process improvement models.
e) Explain how the test maturity matrix within TPI can be used to identify improvement
activities.
f) List a number of key areas within the TPI model
g) Compare the TMMi and TPI model, and list it advantages and disadvantages. When you
recommended TMMi, and when TPI as the test process improvement model to be used?
h) List the level 2 process areas of TMMi and their main improvement areas.
i) Which development processes are constraints for a successful test process improvement
project?
j) List and explain a number of test performance indicators and metrics.

11. TEST TOOL & AUTOMATION

a) Explain the concept of a test management tool and list some its main features and what are
its benefits. Also list some disadvantages.
b) Describe how test management tools and test running tools can interact and why one can
benefit if both are in practice interfacing.
c) What are the main steps of a test tool evaluation and selection process?
d) What are the main steps of a test tool implementation (deployment) process?
e) What roles can be distinguished within a tool implementation process?

12. PEOPLE SKILLS

a) What are the main benefits of independent testing?

b) What is a possible drawback of independent testing?
c) List the main options for organizing testing from low to high level of independence
d) List and explain different team roles types (e.g. as introduced by Dr. Belbin).

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