AP Chemistry Ch7 Covalent Bonds and Molecular Structure ‘Name Which hybridization is associated with a steric number of 3? a) spre 4) spae® Owe ©) spe efe ‘The molecule BrF has a steric number of __ ‘fn the central atom? ee QO 5s a6 What is the hybridization of Br in BrF3? a) sp sp'd ¢ eS le b) sp* e) spd? How many equivalent s ©) sp ae Hg 9@ Xi Oa Gs WF @s What type of hybridization associated with a square planar molecular shape? Co hanay a) sp d) spd b) sp? spd? ©) sp What shape for electron pairs is associated with spd? hybridization? (@ Conog. clouds a) linear 4) tetrahedral b)_ square planar @ wuiaredeat ©) bent What hybridization is predicted for phosphorus in ‘the PCl; molecule? ot oe » oe OE ®s &) sp CQ 4 chong clouds . qyremtal shape PRACTICE TEST 8. A double bond contains _{_ sigma bonds) and_}_ pi bonds). a) 0.2 b) 1,2) 2,0 @ 11 9. What angle exists between orbitals in sp? hybrid orbitals? Pramas a) 90.0° 4) 120.0" b) 180.0° ©) 785° © ws 10. Which of the following elements is mist likely to display sp* hybridization? @ ovyuen Sg @earbon SE* Owe sg?) boron Sge* hosphorus Sy 11, How many sigma (0) and pi (2) electrons pairs are ina carbon dioxide molecule? = G50 a) fouroand zero x d) two o and four x b) three Gand two e) one o and three x 12, What is the hybridization of the oxygen atoms in : a rin# cos CH. OH and CO, respentively? wneoe se ’ a : a sp, 0 0 x9 7 ©) sp*. sp* forced 9 13, All of the following species contain two a-bonds EXCEPT a) SCN- a ocs ») co e) NO* ©) HxCCO14, Which response contains all the characteristic should apply to BF;? Aa 6 © trigonal planar 1 2. one unshared pair of electrons on BE. 20. Qs" hybridized boron atom 4, polar molecule polar bonds a) 2,4,and 5. 1, 3,and 5 b) 1,3, and 4 ©) 3,4,and 5 ©) 1,2,and3 21 15, What shape for electron pairs is associated with sp3 @ tetrahedral ©) octahedral hybridization? a) linear ) square planar ©) bent 16. How many electrons are shown in the Lewis, structure of perchlorate ion, ClOq-? Iho 0 50 17. The correct Lewis symbol for ground state aluminum. 23 e is Q* yA oA gar ofl a) 30 b) 18, Which of the following is the correct Lewis structure for SOCI3? (Consider formal charge) 24 25. increases, which one of the following decreases? #5 ¥ of electrons between the carbon atoms D) vibrational frequency of bond vibrations Sama oe dimcbla > Togs (DNo> 2% bond energy (bond strength) bond tenets In which of the following is the actual compound a resonance hybrid of Lewis structures? 4 CCh e) none of these ops, 3 Which of the following bonds is most polar? a N-cl Be Br Bayt b) C-N Os eee ©) S-s Which one of the following molecules is a polar Sas | Which of the following molecular shapes has six atoms joined to a central atom? a) linear 4) trigonal bipyramid b) tetrahedral e) planar triangular © evtahedsal Which molecular shape has bond angles which are not all the same? a) linear b) tetrahedral ©) octahedral planar triangular O) regonat bipyramia Faw, eo What molecular shape is pictured below? a) linear 4) planar triangular b) tetrahedral ©) octahedral trigonal bipyramid26. ‘The molecule BrF3 has how many lone pairs of electrons on the central atom? a) 0 b) 1 2 d) 3E. * a) ) Qg ) FEL g eo 27. What is the geometrical arrangement of electron *£* pairs in H0? a) linear 4) trigonal bipyramidal b) bent * tetrahedral 2-H Oo ¢ ¢) octahedral 4 28, What is the shape of Brls? Games Bn¥y a) square planar —d)__ pyramidal © Pshaped ) bent c) distorted tetrahedral 29. What is the bond order of the C-O bond in Deovioba vend + bondordun Ro I Chy — C—Chy ) 4% 159 058 1@2 acetone? 73\ Short Answer: 1. Consider the structural formula for acetic acid, HC3H302 or CH3COOH. Indicate the type of hybridization used by each of the carbon and oxygen atoms, Consider the structural formula for the acetate ion, CyHj0x- or CH3COO-. Indicate the hybridization used by each of the carbon and oxygen atoms. 3 css tO u H-C7 CO. aS @* 5g* Briefly explain why carbon as graphite (a non- metal) can conduct electricity? al He. actos un ana. Sg* hyldvendl “Thine an. § Soca! dashes Rod When BF; + NH3 —> BF3NHs, how does the hybridization of the boron atom change, if at all?