3 RD

1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
In 1991, Namco Released the arcade game Mitsubishi Driving
Simulator, codeveloped with Mitsubishi. It was a serious educational
street driving simulator that used 3D polygon. technology and a sit-
down arcade cabinet to simulate realistic driving, including basics
such as ensuring the car into gear, releasing the hand-brake, and then
driving. The player can choose from three routes while following
instructions, avoiding collisions with other vehicles or pedestrians, and
waiting at traffic lights; the brakes are accurately simulated, with the
car creeping forward after taking the foot off the brake until the hand-
brake is applied. As of this date Driving a vehicle is one of the most
common daily and hazardous tasks. Simulation of driving lesson using
radio-controlled car model can be a device to learn how to drive safely
before an actual practical driving test. This device will teach the new
driver to improve their skill and to boost their confidence in driving a
real vehicle.
Simulation of driving lesson has a Rc car with cameras that can be
controlled from a distance using a specialized transceiver, instead of
virtual simulation it will become a physical driving simulation, this

2
simulation has pointing system the violation and points will be display
on the monitor if the driver breaks traffic law the score will be
deducted and the accuracy of steering wheel and accuracy of power
pedal instead left right and forward of 45 degree it will be added of
35,20,15,10 degrees, this driving simulation have a same as physical
obstacles like, pedestrian lane, stop lights, U turns, right lanes, etc.
3
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Base on MMDA record in 2021, Quezon City have
21,978 car accident, If you’re curious about what caused most of
these Metro Manila Road accidents, the top 3 are loss of control
of the vehicle with 81 instances recorded, ‘Human Error” with
6,909 incidences. And curiously enough, ‘No Accident Factor”
as logged in Police Blotters with 51,345 occurrences.
Driver’s error has been identified as an important factor in road

traffic accidents for instance.
Driver’s error has been identified as an important factor
in road traffic accidents for instance. If a driver accelerates
instead of braking or driver performs an incorrect action
intentionally or unintentionally such as passing a yellow light
when they need to stop, braking hard on slippery road that
considered error. The way that drivers look around while they
are driving, and control of the vehicle can manifest as driver
behavior errors. Recognition errors, decision-making errors and
performance errors and for those who afraid to handle a car but
they want to drive.

4
This study aims to enhance vehicle control, traffic management,
hazard perception and decision making without building dangerous
overconfidence. Allows learners to practice and develop greater
competence in a wider variety of situations in a shorter period of time
b to drive in safety way before an actual driving test.
REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

FOREIGN STUDIES
According to Rachel A. Wynne, Vanessa Beanland and Paul M.
Salmon (2019) Driving Simulators are a common tool for researching
driver behavior, providing practical, safe, and controlled environments.
Despite their frequent use in research, there is relatively little evidence
confirming their validity (i.e., how accurately they represents or reproduce
real-world-driving). Moreover, there is inconsistency in both the types of
simulators used, and the operationalization of “real-world” driving in
validations. This systematic review was undertaken to evaluate the
evidence regarding driving simulator accuracy when compared with real-
world-driving.
Qinaat Hussain, Ali Pirdavani and Kris Brijis (2019) both experiments
showed correspondence of the driving behavior between the simulator

5
and real-world settings. In general, the profiles for estimated speed and
actual speed followed a significantly similar tendency and indicated
relative validity in both experiments. Moreover, external absolute validity
for speed perception was established on all the requested speeds with
speedometer hidden while only for the requested speed of 80 kph with
speedometer revealed. Participants’ evaluation of the quality and
performance of the driving simulator supported the subjective validity of
the simulator setting.
LOCAL STUDIES
According to Rionel Belen Caldoand Joemar Palomaria Driving
Assessment and Simulation Hub (HUB) would like to propose a solution
to preparing problems by designing, developing and implementing an
Automated Driver’s Assessment and Driving Simulator System. The
present invention discloses an electronic system comprising three main
software components specifically, an electronic driving knowledge
examination system with biometrics registration validation feature and
touchscreen terminals, a driving simulation testing system with automatic
scoring and up to thirty (30) heads per hour testing capacity, and
decision support system for the evaluation of the two exam results.
6
FOREIGN LITERATURE
The study was designed to study the possibility of training for
self-rated driving ability in a simulator, and the impact of corrective
(errors made) feedback versus corrective (errors made) and
rewarding (correct behavior) feedback during training. In total, 21
older drivers (mean age 78.5, SD=3.9 years) were trained and
assessed in the driving simulator. Driving performance was assessed
by penalty scores as well as self and expert ratings. Helena Selander,
Christina Stave, Tania Dukic WiIlstrand & Björn Peters (2019).
LOCAL LITERATURE
In its bid to enhance driving education experience, the College
of Technical Sciences- Cebu (CTS-C) unveiled two new driving
simulators for student drivers last February 7,2020. According to CTS-
C President Atty. Virgil Vallercera, the simulators are geared towards
helping students of their driving school understand better the different
conditions in actual driving as the simulators integrate the operation of
an actual vehicle equipped with all types of traffic conditions. “These
devices will help the student better understand driving conditions
because students will experience all traffic conditions, and the
simulator will also direct students on [what to do] during these types of
7
conditions;” said Vallecera. During the simulation, drivers are placed
in an artificial driving environment under virtual traffic conditions.
“Traffic conditions include the various surface of roads, as well as
weather conditions;” added Vallecera. With the Land Transportation
Office (LTO) requiring a driver to undergo 15 theoretical hours, CTS, a
leader in robotics technology, will now be at the forefront in providing
comprehensive training for drivers under their program. “Aside from
teaching them the basics at driving here at CTS, we also teach them
about car maintenance, which most driving school do not provide,”
Vallecera. “With our driving simulators, we will be at the forefront to
providing the most advance in robotics technology and will continued
to be one step ahead of modern technology.,” said University of Cebu
President Augusto Go, also the chairman of CTS-C.

8
THEOTERICAL FRAMEWORK
According to Rachel A. Wynne, IINOVATION
Vanessa Beanland and Paul M.

 Designed to achieve a
Salmon (2019) Driving
level of immersion that
simulators are a common tool
allows training in a
for researching driver behavior,
realistic safe anf efficient
providing practical safe, and
environment.
controlled environments.
 Radio-Controlled car
Despite their frequent use in
has 4 cameras.
research, there is relatively little
 Pointing system if the
evidence confirming their
drivers break the traffic
validity (i.e., how accurately the
law score will be
represent or reproduce real-
deducted
world-driving). Moreover there
 The Accuracy of
is inconsistency in both the
steering wheel instead
types of simulators used, and
left right and forward of
the operationalization of “real-
45 degree it will be
world” driving in validations.
added of 35,20,15,10
This systematic review was
degrees and the
undertaken to evaluate the
evidence regarding driving

9
simulator accuracy when accuracy of the pedals.
compared with real-world
driving.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Input
a. Steering Process
a. Identify the Output
wheel, Gas
Simulation of
pedal &Brake features of
driving lesson
pedal the system
using radio-
b. RC Car b. Planning and
controlled car
c. RF design model
Transceiver c. Assembling
d. Cameras d. Programming
e. Arduino
e. Testing and
f. Servo motor
evaluation
g. Motor driver
h. Dc motors
i. Battery
j. Monitor
k. Potentiometer
FEEDBACK
.
10
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aimed to evaluate objective efficiency of the
development of the simulation of driving lesson using radio controlled
car model for learn how to drive safe before an actual practical test.
Specifically, it sought answers to the following questions:
1. What is the simulation of driving lesson using radio-controlled car

model?
a. 3D Diagram Prototype Design
b. Picture Schematic Diagram
2. How is the simulation of driving lesson using radio-controlled
car model going to be fabricated?
a. Close Loop Control System Block Diagram
b. Hardware and Software Materials
car model going to be functional?

11
a. Compatibility
b. Engineering Formula
car model going to be reliable?
a. Project efficiency
b. Project Durability and Sustainability
c. Project Safety Standard
d. Project Economy
5. What is the perception of the incoming drivers of the
simulation of driving lesson using radio-controlled car model?
a. Data Analysis
12
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study is deemed significant to the following:
Researchers may develop knowledge that will help them acquire skills
in electronics, programming in Arduino, measuring and improving by
developing the simulation of driving lesson using radio-controlled car
model.
New Drivers may develop their skills in driving, enhancing their
confidence, and improving their behavior.
Future Researchers may use this study as reference for future
research related to this topic/problem.
.
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
The general intent of this study is to construct simulator that
can improve the driver behavior before taking practical driving test and
to reduce hazardous accident. The researchers believe that it can
help the students to improve their confidence and behavior.

13
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
The researcher’s intent is to fabricate through innovation, a
prototype like the simulation of driving lesson using radio-controlled
car model, Hence, it is hypothesized the Arduino Uno R3 is an
effective microcontroller to developed a simulation of driving lesson
using radio-controlled car model.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Java- an object- oriented programming language that produces
software for multiple platforms.
Arduino ide- contains a text editor for writing code, a message
area, a text console, a toolbar with buttons for common functions
and a series of menus. It connects to the Arduino hardware to
upload programs and communicate with them.
Proteus 8 Professional- is a software, which can be used to

draw schematics, PCB layout, code and even simulate the
schematic.
Steering wheel, Gas pedal & Brake pedal - a wheel that a driver
rotates in order to steer a vehicle, gas pedal to accelerate the
movement of the car and brake pedal to stop the car.
Radio-controlled car- that can be controlled from a distance
using a rf transceiver or remote.

14
RF transceivers- are devices or modules that contain both a
transmitter and a receiver. Camera- a device for recording
visual images in the form of photographs, film, or video signals.
Servo motor- is a rotary actuator or linear actuator that allows
for precise control of angular or linear position, velocity and
acceleration.
Arduino- is an open-source hardware and software company,
project, and user community that designs and manufactures
single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for building
digital devices.
Motor driver- an adjustable speed motor drive means a system
that includes a motor that has multiple operating speeds.
Dc Motors - is any of a class of rotary electrical motors that
converts direct current electrical energy into mechanical energy.
Battery- is a source of electric power consisting of one or more
electrochemical cells with external connections for powering
electrical devices.
Monitor- is an output device that displays information in pictorial
or text form.
15
16
CHAPTER 2
METHODS
Simulation of driving lesson using radio-controlled car model it is
a device use to learn how to drive safe before an actual practical
driving test the new drivers objectively assess the driving performance
and driving risk. This simulation has pointing system and accuracy of
steering wheel and accuracy of pedals its unique than other virtual
driving simulation and it has a same as physical obstacles like,
pedestrian lane, stop lights, U turns, right lanes, etc.
THE 3D DESIGN OF SIMULATION OF DRIVING LESSON
USING RADIO-CONTROLLED CAR MODEL
FIGURE 2: 3D DESIGN OF THE PROTOTYPE

17
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
The Pictured schematic diagram is the plan of the following idea

for assembling and connecting the all materials.
FIG
URE 2.1: PICTURED SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
18
FABRICATION OF THE DESIGN
Researcher choose three potentiometer the first potentiometer
is for the accuracy of steering wheels and to control the servo motor
accuracy for the front wheel and the other potentiometer is for
accuracy of the speed of the rc car gas and brake pedals, push button
switch is for the gears which is drive1,2 and reverse mode, to control
the rc car from a distance researchers use the rf transceiver.
Researchers installed 4 cameras for the monitor to see the front view,
back view and side mirrors view.
CLOSED LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
The closed-loop control diagram was the flow of the project’s control
system.
Figure 1 Servo motor closed loop

19
Figure 2 Motor closed loop
Figure 3 Pointing system closed loop
ASSEMBLY PROCEDURE
In developing this project, the following steps were followed :
1. Title proposal, “SIMULATION OF TRIVING LESSON
USING RADIOCONTROLLED CAR MODEL”.
2. Gathered data on how driving simulation works
3. Presentation of the proposed title.
4. Identify what material the researchers needed in creating

the project.
5. Finding the right microcontroller that can make the RC
Car Move.
20
FUNCTIONALITY
The hardware materials used in the Simulation of Driving

Lesson Using Radio- Controlled Car Model system prototype are
shown in Table 1.
Table 1.
Material used for the prototype
Arduino Uno R3 Potentiometer
L293D Motor Driver DC Motors
Battery Computer Monitor
ESP32 Camera Servo Motor
RF Transceiver Push Button
SOFTWARE
The researchers used the Arduino IDE software and the C
programming language to write, compile, and upload code to program
the Arduino Uno and build a command for the Simulation of Driving
Lesson Using Radio-Controlled Car Model.

21
RELIABILITY
The quality of Simulation of driving lesson using radio-controlled
car model it is not immediately damage even the car crashes and the
wires or wiring inside of the rc cars is not immediately removed or
destroyed. The researchers ensured that this project’s implementation
will aid students’ drivers preventing hazardous accident.
The Simulation of Driving Lesson Using Radio-Controlled Car
Model has a simple design, and the materials used are available on
the market. To build the prototype of the Simulation of Driving Lesson
the researchers spent four thousand and five hundred ninety-four
pesos. (P4,594.05) on the materials needed.
DATA ANALYSIS
In order to know the reliability of the Simulation of Driving
Lesson Using Radio Controlled Car Model , the researchers used a
survey questionnaire method to gather data from the targeted persons
to know their opinion about the prototype.

22
CHAPTER 3
RESULTS
The objective of this device to develop a driving simulation for
new drivers that tried to learn how to drive a vehicle in the safety way,
they can practice from this device, behavior of the driver, their skills to
drive and to obey the traffic law.
3D PROTOTYPE ISOMETRIC VIEW
Figure 3: front, side, rear and bottom view

23
ELECTRICAL SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

This is the schematic diagram that the researchers followed to
know the functionality of each pin and find out the wiring connectivity
of the motors, sensors, camera, and speaker to Arduino Uno.
Fi
gure 1 Electrical diagram of steering wheel controller
Figure 2 Electrical diagram of radio controlled car

24
DETAILED ASSEMBLY PROCEDURE

In developing this project, the following steps were followed:
1. Title proposal, “Simulation Of Driving Lesson Using

Radio-Controlled Car Model”.
2. Gathered data on how driving simulation works
3. Presentation of the proposed title.
4. Identify what material that the researchers needed in

creating the project.
5. Finding the right microcontroller that can make the rc car

move.
6. Gathering concepts on how to start the project.
7. Starts building the Simulator’s chassis.
8. Attach all the materials and test the Robot’s functionality.
MATERIALS, FUNCTIONS AND FORMULA
In testing the electronic components needed in creating a
prototype, the researchers research the function and formula to know
the needed voltage and limitation of each material.
Table 2
The function and formula of the materials
MATERIALS FUNCTION FORMULA
ARDUINO UNO R3 Can control the

25
electronic materials V1-Vm*(R2/R1+R2)
BATTERY Main power for the Power=Voltage x
radio-controlled car current (P=V*I)
DC MOTORS Movement speed of k = N = laRa / k Φ
the car
CAMERA To capture still Distance= 1/2T ×C

images or to record
moving images. where T =Time C=
Speed of sound
L293D MOTOR To take a low-current EA=H

control signal and
DRIVER then turn it into a EA=L
higher- current signal
that can drive a
motor.
SERVO MOTOR Accuracy for V=IR
controlling the
direction of front
wheel for left and
right way.
POTENTIOMETER For the accuracy of K=V/L
the pedals and
steering wheel.
PUSH BUTTON For the drive and Fact - Fret / Fact x
reverse. 100
RF TRASNCEIVER To controlled the rc Jd2θ(t)dt2+B dθ(t)
car from a distance. dt=Tapp(t)with
Tapp(t)=KTia(t)(3)J
d2θ(t) dt2 + B dθ(t)
dt = KTia(t)
BLOCK DIAGRAM
26
Researchers show the flow of the system Simulation of driving

lesson using radio controlled car model.
SUSTAINABILITY AND DURABILITY

This simulator has become useful tool in the economy
especially for new drivers that afraid to handle a car and in this
simulator, you can learn how to drive safe before on actual driving test
and also for the drivers want to enhance their driving skill it’s also
profitable in economy to practice and avoid accidents and also not
panic and let them to know the correct reading of signs and obey the
traffic law. This simulator can be used to study the potential danger
but also aware by exposing drivers to unsafe driving which is real
challenge in real vehicles.

27
SAFETY
For the safety, the researchers made sure the materials used
will not cause any problems while it works. They matched the motor to
the voltage strength so that it does not heat up. They also used Super
glue and glue sticks to keep the parts from falling apart. And the wires
are fixed so they don't get tangled.
• IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT

TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
Driving simulators are very suitable test beds for the
development of intelligent transportation systems.
• With effect from 16 December 2019, all new class 2,
2A,2B, 3 or 3learner motorists are required to complete
driving or riding simulator training before they are allowed
to book their Practical Driving or Riding test.
ECONOMY
To know the price of the materials that the researchers spent in
the building their prototype, they made a list to see what could be the
total cost of the project. The estimation was based on the individual
cost of each component used in the development with the

28
consideration to the quality, compatibility, and uses to minimize the
cost in developing the system. The researchers expects that it will give
good impact in our economy.
MATERIALS PRICE
STEERING WHEEL, GAS 1000
PEDALS,
BREAK
RC CAR 350
ARDUINO UNO R3 2PCS 1250
ESP32 CAM 4PCS 1004
L298N MOTOR 150
DC MOTORS 2PCS 130
PUSH BUTTON 2PCS 20
RF TRANCEIVER 200.75
POTENTIOMETER 3PCS 59.75
SERVO MOTOR 150
RC CAR BATTERY 280
TOTAL 4,594.5
29
SURVEY FORM
SIMULATION OF DRIVING LESSON USING RADIO CONTROLLED
CAR MODEL
Name: ______________________________________ Date:
___________
Age: ____________________________________________
Direction: Please check (√) how much you agree or disagree with the
following statements.
1. Strongly Agree 2. Agree 3. Uncertain 4. Disagree 5.
Strongly Disagree
Question 1 2 3 4 5
1. Do you agree that you can improve your

decision making using this simulator?
2. This simulator is a non- physical harm, do

you agree that it can help you to build up
your confidence or fear for harmful
hazardous?
3. Do you agree this simulator can help you
learn how to drive?
4. Would you agree to take this simulator first

before participating in PDC?
5. As a student driver do you agree that you

can improve your driving skills from this
simulator?
30
CHAPTER 4
DISCUSSION
Introduction of the Significant Findings

The Driving Simulation Lesson Using Radio Controlled Car Model
prototype is transceiver base, relaying on rf transceiver for electronic
devices that receive and demodulate radio frequency (RF) signals, and
then modulate and transmit new signals.
Introduction of Intermediary Findings
Three potentiometer installed in the prototype, first potentiometer
is used for the accuracy of the steering wheel and control to the servo
motor, accuracy for the front wheels and the other potentiometer is used
is used for the accuracy of the speed on the Rc car gas and brake
pedals.
There are three push buttons that are used for the gears, which are drive
1, 2, and reverse mode.
Researchers choose NRF24L01 RF module (Radio Frequency
Transceiver) to control it from a distance the first one we program it as a
transmitter and the other one we program it as a receiver. We have four
ESP32 Camera are installed on the RC car to see the front view, back
31
view, right and left view. And there is also a monitor to see what ESP32
camera captured. Arduino Uno was used as a microcontroller of the
prototype to connected all components that were used in the simulation
of driving lesson and for the power source we used. There are 18650
lithium rechargeable batteries total of 12 volts that attached to the RC
car, which passed the requirements of the standard that should be used
by researchers for power supply.

32
DATA ANALYSIS
The Result of a conducted survey of the student drivers of the

Driving school shows that among
100 respondents, 55% agree with the design and use of the Simulation
of Driving Lesson using
Radio Controlled Car Model while 38% strongly agree and 7% disagree .
Agree Strong Agree Disagree Uncertain Strong Disagree
7%
38%
55%
33
Agree 55%
Strongly Agree 38%
Disagree 7%
Uncertain 0%
Strong Disagree 0%
CONCLUSION
The Discussion according to the significant findings shows that
Arduino Uno R3 is an effective control system to drive the hardware and
software of the Simulation of Driving Lesson using Radio Controlled Car
Model.
RECOMMENDATION
For future researchers recommend the following:
 SIMULATION OF DRIVING LESSON USING RADIO-
CONTROLLED CAR MODEL TRANSMISSION
 VR BOX DRIVING LESSON USING RADIO-CONTROLLED CAR
MODEL
34
REFERENCES:
Rachel A. Wynne, Vanessa Beanland and Paul M. Salmon (2019)

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S092575351
8320459
Qinaat Hussain, Ali Pirdavani and Kris Brijis (2019)

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S136984781
8307824
Rionel Belen Caldoand Joemar Palomaria

http://ijasc.ascons.org/digital-library/2019/1/1/23
Helena Selander, Christina Stave, Tania Dukic WiIlstrand & Björn Peters
(2019) https://etrr.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s12544-019-
0372-6
Atty. Virgil Vallercera

https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/287137/with-new-simulators-cts-c-can-
now-provide-comprehensive-training-for-student-drivers
35
TECHNICAL ADVISERS’S CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that the research entitled: SIMULATION OF

DRIVING LESSON USING RADIO CONTROLLED CAR MODEL had
been technically advised.
MEMBERS
BARDOC, SHEENA M.
CASTRO, EJ BRAYL B.
ENDOZO, KIM ZYRUIS
SUBA, JOJIT Q.
TESADO, LOVELYN P.
This certification is issued as a partial requirement for the

completion of their research for the year May, 2023.
ENGR. REYNANTE B. PONAY

TECHNICAL ADVISER
BSCPE, PROGRAM HEAD
36
APPENDIX I: CURRICULUM VITAE

37
ADVISER’S PROFILE
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
DEGREE SCHOOL YEAR COLLEGE
BACHELOR OF MANUEL L. 1986-1991

SCIENCE IN QUEZON
ELECTRICAL UNIVERSITY
ENGINEERING
POST-MASTER IN MANUEL L. 1991-1994
GRADUATE BUSINESS QUEZON
ADMINISTRATION UNIVERSITY
MAJOR IN
GENERAL
MANAGEMENT
(WOCS)
MASTER OF DE LA SALLE 1994-1995

SCIENCE UNIVERSITY
MATHEMATICS
(UNITS)
38
CERTIFICATE BESTLINK 2019-2020

IN COLLEGE
PROFESSIONAL OF THE
EDUCATION PHILIPPINES
39
WORK EXPERIENCE
POSITION COMPANY/DESCRIPTION INCLUSIVE DATE
PROGRAM HEAD BESTLINK COLLEGE 2021 - DATE

OF THE PHILIPPINES
ASST. BESTLINK COLLEGE 2017 - DATE

PROFESSOR 2 OF THE PHILIPPINES
STEM STRAND BESTLINK COLLEGE 2017 - 2021

HEAD OF THE PHILIPPINES
COORDINATOR
SCHOOL HEAD PHILIPPINE SCHOOL 2013 - 2017

FOR MARITIME AND
MEDICAL ACCESS
HEAD OF PHILIPPINE SCHOOL 2013 - 2017

ACADEMICS FOR MARITIME AND
MEDICAL ACCESS
BARANGAY BARANGAY NARRA, 2007 - 2010

CHAIRMAN CSJDM, BULACAN
BARANGAY BARANGAY NARRA, 1994 - 2007

COUNCILOR CSJDM, BULACAN
COMMITTEE LGU BRGY. NARRA, 1994 - 2007

CHAIRMAN CSJDM, BULACAN
IN EDUCATION
ASSO. MANUEL L. QUEZON 1991 - 2008

PROFESSOR 2 UNIVERSITY
ASST. ADAMSON UNIVERSITY 1994 - 2007

PROFESSOR B
BUSINESSMAN/ SELF PROPRIETORSHIP 1991 - DATE
40
CONTRACTOR
AWARDS RECEIVED
BEST PRESENTER TOP 1, 3RD SIMP-AAG-BCP MULTIDISCIPLINARY

RESEARCH FESTIVAL, 23-25 JUNE 2022.
4TH BEST PRESENTER TOP 2, 3RD SIMP-AAG-BCP
MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH FESTIVAL, 23-25 JUNE 2022.
IIEE SCHOLAR, INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, 1990-1991.
3RD PLACE, IIEE NATIONAL QUIZ SHOW, REGIONAL LEVEL, UP
DILIMAN, 1990.
3RD PLACE, IIEE NATIONAL QUIZ SHOW, NATIONAL LEVEL, MANILA
MIDTOWN HOTEL, MANILA, 1990.
1ST PLACE, INTER-COLLEGE QUIZ CONTEST, MLQU, 1989.
1ST PLACE, BRAIN BLITZ 89, INTE-ENGINEERING QUIZ CONTEST,
MLQU, 1989.
SEES SCHOLAR, SOCIETY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
STUDENT, MLQU, 1988 – 1991.
2ND PLACE, IIEE NATIONAL QUIZ SHOW, INTER-UNIVERSITY,
NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION, EARIST, 1988.
2ND PLACE, IIEE NATIONAL QUIZ SHOW, NATIONAL LEVEL, SEMI-
FINAL, WESTIN PHILIPPINE PLAZA HOTEL, 1988.
4TH PLACE, IIEE NATIONAL QUIZ SHOW, NATIONAL LEVEL, SEMI-
FINAL, WESTIN PHILIPPINE PLAZA HOTEL, 1988.
1ST PLACE, BRAIN BLITZ 88, INTE-ENGINEERING QUIZ CONTEST,
MLQU, 1988.
ACADEMIC SCHOLAR, DEANSLISTER, MANUEL L. QUEZON
UNIVERSITY, 1986-1991.
CENTRAL STUDENT GOVERNMENT SCHOLAR, MANUEL L.
QUEZON UNIVERSITY, 1986-1988.
MOST OUTSTANDING STUDENT, PRACTICAL ELECTRONICS
VOCATIONAL COURSE, KAYPIAN, 1986.
MOST OUTSTANDING STUDENT, PRACTICAL ELECTRICITY
VOCATIONAL TRAINING WORKSHOP, ST. JOHN, 1986.
HONOR STUDENT, BULACAN STANDARD ACADEMY, 1986.
41
MOST ACTIVE STUDENT, SAN JOSE DEL MONTE ELEMENTARY

SCHOOL, 1981.
OUTSTANDING LOCAL GOVERNMENT EXECUTIVE AWARD,
BULACAN CONVENTION CENTER-PAVILION, MALOLOS, BULACAN,
30 JUNE 2010.
SANDUGO OUTSTANDING LOCAL GOVERNMENT EXECUTIVE
AWARD, NATIONAL AWARD, PONTAFINO HOTEL AND
RESIDENCES, BATANGAS CITY, JULY 2010.
1ST RUNNER-UP IDOL KO SI KAP, CITY OF SAN JOSE DEL MONTE,
BULACAN, JANUARY 2011.
NATATANGING KABATAANG SAN JOSEÑO, SJDM CITY, BULACAN,
2008.
CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES
PROJECT RESEARCH ADVISER - BS COMPUTER ENGINEERING.

TECHNICAL RESEARCH ADVISER - BS COMPUTER ENGINEERING.
STATISTICS RESEARCH ADVISER - BS CRIMINOLOGY.
STATISTICS RESEARCH ADVISER - BS ACCOUNTING AND
INFORMATION SYSTEM.
RESEARCH PANEL - IMRAD-CAPSTONE, BCP BULACAN.
EXTERNAL STATISTICIAN - LA CONSOLACION COLLEGE AND
DELA SALLE ARANETA.
PROJECT RESEARCH ADVISER - ADAMSON UNIVERSITY.
RESEARCH ADVISER - MANUEL L. QUEZON UNIVERSITY.
TECHNICAL RESEARCH ADVISER - MANUEL L. QUEZON
UNIVERSITY.
QUIZ CONTEST TRAINOR - MLQU AND ADAMSON UNIVERSITY.
COMMITTEE CHAIRMAN - SYLLABUS REVISION IN STATISTICS,
CALCULUS AND DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION, ADAMSON
UNIVERSITY.
TEXTBOOK REVIEWER - MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS,
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY.
INTERNATIONAL TRAINOR - 23RD AUSTRALIAN MATHEMATICS
COMPETITION, AUGUST 2000.
42
SYSTEM MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE (SMC) – COMPANY

EVALUATOR, PSMMA
RESOURCE SPEAKER
1. ANNUAL CURRICULUM REVIEW, BESTLINK COLLEGE OF THE

PHILIPPINES-BULACAN, NOVEMBER 2019.
2. DEMO SPEAKER FOR QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES IN
STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF RESEARCH DATA, DEPED
TRAINING WORKSHOP FOR TEACHERS, DISTRICT OFFICE OF
CSJDM, BULACAN, AUGUST 2021.
3. SPEAKER FOR INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD TECHNOLOGY,
SUBIC OLONGAPO CITY, MARCH 2023
THESIS/PROJECT RESEARCH/ HANDLED/TREATED
1. ASSESSMENT ON THE CURRENT PROFILE OF THE EARIST

FACULTY ON THEIR PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND
SKILLS-BASED COURSES RELATED TO LEARN: BASIS FOR
FACULTY ACADEMIC AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT PLAN.
2. APPLICABILITY OF FACEBOOK IN THE CHARACTER

DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENT-LEARNERS.
3. THE DIMENSIONAL LANGUAGE OF MEDIA FOR PHILIPPINE

EMPOWERMENT.
4. ASSESSMENT TO THE EARIST THRUST COURSE PROGRAM

THAT OFFERS EXTENSION ACTIVITY SERVICES: A SOURCE
OF PLANNING AND BUDGETING A VIABLE EXTENSION
CAPABILITY PLAN
5. EDUCATIONAL BUSINESS DIMENSIONS OF STATE

UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES –NATIONAL CAPITAL
REGION (SUC’S-NCR): BASIS FOR GLOBAL COMPETITIVE
PRODUCTIVITY.
43

PRODUCTIVITY.

8. EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF THE DELIVERY

SYSTEM OF EARIST STUDENT AFFAIRS.
9. IMPLEMENTATION OF REPUBLIC ACT 8972 KNOWN AS

SOLO PARENT ACT OF 2000: BASIS FOR ENHANCEMENT
PROGRAM.
10. INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN FILIPINO RHETORIC: A

SOURCE OF EDUCATIONAL EXCELLENCE IN FILIPINO
CURRICULUM.
11. AN AUTOMATIC MOWER WITH A VACUUM CLEANER AND

DISINFECTANT HUMIDIFIER USING ARDUINO AND
SENSORS FOR CLEANING, GARDENING, AND SANITATION
SERVICES.
12. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF USING IOT GAS LEAKAGE

DETECTOR AND WARNING GENERATOR USING ARDUINO
UNO AND GSM MODULE WITH SMS.
13. MINIATURE SYSTEM OF INNOVATED TRAFFIC LIGHTS

POWERED BY SOLAR AND WIND ENERGY USING ARDUINO
SYSTEM IN SAN JOSE DEL MONTE, BULACAN.
14. SOLAR-PANEL BASED SCHEDULING FOR STREETLIGHT

USING MICROCONTROLLER AND SENSOR DEVICES.
15. ASSISTANT ROBOTICS GUIDE FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED

PERSON USING ARDUINO.
44
16. SEMI-AUTONOMOUS HEXACOPTER ROTOR MULTI-

PURPOSE DRONE USING ARDUPILOT.
17. MICRO-CONTROLLED SOLAR POWERED AUTOMATIC

FEEDER MACHINE WITH WIFI IN LIVESTOCK FARM AREAS.
18. ARDUINO BASED RFID DOOR LOCK SECURITY SYSTEM

W/PIEZOELECTRIC SENSOR AND GSM MODULE FOR
VENEZIA TOWNHOUSE IN STA. MARIA BULACAN.
BOOK/MODULE
1. BOOK – DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS, ADAMSON UNIVERSITY,

1998.
2. MODULE – MICROELECTRONICS, BESTLINK COLLEGE OF THE
PHILIPPINES, 2019.
3. MODULE – ENGINEERING ECONOMY, BESTLINK COLLEGE OF
THE PHILIPPINES, 2019.
PREPARED BY:

CPE, Program Head
45
RESOURCE SPEAKER
1. ANNUAL CURRICULUM REVIEW, BESTLINK COLLEGE OF THE

PHILIPPINES-BULACAN, NOVEMBER 2019.
2. DEMO SPEAKER FOR QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES IN
STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF RESEARCH DATA, DEPED
TRAINING WORKSHOP FOR TEACHERS, DISTRICT OFFICE OF
CSJDM, BULACAN, AUGUST 2021.
3. SPEAKER FOR INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD TECHNOLOGY,
SUBIC OLONGAPO CITY, MARCH 2023
THESIS/PROJECT RESEARCH/ HANDLED/TREATED
19. ASSESSMENT ON THE CURRENT PROFILE OF THE EARIST

FACULTY ON THEIR PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND
SKILLS-BASED COURSES RELATED TO LEARN: BASIS FOR
FACULTY ACADEMIC AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT PLAN.

21. THE DIMENSIONAL LANGUAGE OF MEDIA FOR PHILIPPINE

EMPOWERMENT.
22. ASSESSMENT TO THE EARIST THRUST COURSE PROGRAM

THAT OFFERS EXTENSION ACTIVITY SERVICES: A SOURCE
OF PLANNING AND BUDGETING A VIABLE EXTENSION
CAPABILITY PLAN

PRODUCTIVITY.

46

PRODUCTIVITY.

26. EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF THE DELIVERY

SYSTEM OF EARIST STUDENT AFFAIRS.
27. IMPLEMENTATION OF REPUBLIC ACT 8972 KNOWN AS

SOLO PARENT ACT OF 2000: BASIS FOR ENHANCEMENT
PROGRAM.
28. INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN FILIPINO RHETORIC: A

SOURCE OF EDUCATIONAL EXCELLENCE IN FILIPINO
CURRICULUM.
29. AN AUTOMATIC MOWER WITH A VACUUM CLEANER AND

DISINFECTANT HUMIDIFIER USING ARDUINO AND
SENSORS FOR CLEANING, GARDENING, AND SANITATION
SERVICES.
30. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF USING IOT GAS LEAKAGE

DETECTOR AND WARNING GENERATOR USING ARDUINO
UNO AND GSM MODULE WITH SMS.
31. MINIATURE SYSTEM OF INNOVATED TRAFFIC LIGHTS

POWERED BY SOLAR AND WIND ENERGY USING ARDUINO
SYSTEM IN SAN JOSE DEL MONTE, BULACAN.
32. SOLAR-PANEL BASED SCHEDULING FOR STREETLIGHT

USING MICROCONTROLLER AND SENSOR DEVICES.
33. ASSISTANT ROBOTICS GUIDE FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED

PERSON USING ARDUINO.
34. SEMI-AUTONOMOUS HEXACOPTER ROTOR MULTI-

PURPOSE DRONE USING ARDUPILOT.
47
35. MICRO-CONTROLLED SOLAR POWERED AUTOMATIC

FEEDER MACHINE WITH WIFI IN LIVESTOCK FARM AREAS.
36. ARDUINO BASED RFID DOOR LOCK SECURITY SYSTEM

W/PIEZOELECTRIC SENSOR AND GSM MODULE FOR
VENEZIA TOWNHOUSE IN STA. MARIA BULACAN.
BOOK/MODULE
1. BOOK – DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS, ADAMSON UNIVERSITY,

1998.
2. MODULE – MICROELECTRONICS, BESTLINK COLLEGE OF THE
PHILIPPINES, 2019.
3. MODULE – ENGINEERING ECONOMY, BESTLINK COLLEGE OF
THE PHILIPPINES, 2019.
PREPARED BY:

CPE, Program Head
48
GRAMMARIAN’S PROFILE
ROBERT V. MILITANTE, LPT

035 Benguet St. Robes 3, Brgy. Maharlika
City of San Jose del Monte, BULACAN
Contact Info: 09928911371 / robertvibasmilitante@gmail.com
OBJECTIVE
To be an effective instrument in a quality institution wherein I could
express, practice and hone my enthusiasm in teaching, providing quality
service and performance satisfaction through good communication.
WORK EXPERIENCE
● BESTLINK COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINES

College Faculty
September 2021 – June 2022
November 2019 – March 2020
November 2018 – April 2019
● TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES, MANILA

College Instructor – English Department
August 2019 – December 2019
June 2015 – October 2016
● NEWSSENTINEL.BLOG
Website Content Writer – Health & News Section
Year 2017 – 2018
49
● STI COLLEGE, FAIRVIEW

Senior HS & College Instructor – English Department
June 2016 – October 2016
● ST. DOMINIC SAVIO COLLEGE

Student Assistant at:
Office of the Vice President - Administration and Finance
Public Relations and Community Office (Marketing Department)
Property and Facility Office
Year 2010 - 2015
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
● ST. DOMINIC SAVIO COLLEGE

Bachelor of Science in Secondary Education Major in English
Year 2010 – 2015
● SAN JOSE DEL MONTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Secondary Education
Year 2004 – 2008
● TUNGKONG MANGGA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

Primary Education
Year 1999 – 2004
OTHER SKILLS
● Adobe Photoshop Literate (Visual Editing)

● Video Editing via Sony Vegas Pro, Adobe Premiere CC & Corel Pro
● Public Speaking, Hosting
● Marketing Representative (Speaker in Career Orientation)
● Acoustic Guitar Tutor (Basic Techniques)
● MS Office Literate (Word, Excel, Power point, Publication)
● Research Grammarian
● Transcriber/Editor
50
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Birth Date: September 18, 1991
Age: 31 y/o
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Christian
Height: 5’7
Weight: 60 kgs.
CHARACTER REFERENCES
● MR. REAN L. MALICDEM, MAED

Vice President for Administration and Finance
St. Dominic Savio College Inc.
0917-508-4800
● MR. EDGAR MACASSADU, MAED

DepEd – Senior High School Teacher
0949-709-3560
● MR. GILBERT B. PASA

Director – Property, Facilities, Maintenance and General Services
St. Dominic Savio College
0965-726-1733
I hereby certify that the above information are true and correct to the best
of my knowledge.
______________________
ROBERT V. MILITANTE
51
RESEARCHERS’ PROFILE
SHEENA M. BARDOC
Labayani St. Napatoda Comp. Brgy North Fairview Quezon City
+639924397702
+639556343185
Sheenamonti11@gmail.com
Age: 22 years old
Birthday: May 11, 2001
Birth Place: Quezon City
Religion: Catholic
Father: Felix B. Bardoc
Mother: Ma. Rosenne C. Montevilla
52
 Tertiary Education
Bestlink College of the Philippines
1044 Brgy. Sta Monica, Quirino Highway, Novaliches, Quezon
City
(2019 – 2023)
Course: Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering
 Secondary Education
North Fairview High School
(2013 – 2018)
 Senior High School

(2018 – 2019)
INTERNSHIP
IT Desktop Engineer/IT Support (300 Hours)

VXI Global Panorama Techno Center
1029 Epifanio de los Santos Avenue, Quezon City
March 2023 – June 2023
SEMINARS/WEBINARS:
A GLIMPSE AT THE WORLD OF DATA SCIENCE

Institute of Computer Engineers of the Philippines – NCR
March 18, 2023
INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION AND APPLICATIONS FOR

ENGINEERING STARTUP
QCU College of Engineering, Electronics Engineering Department –
NCR
March 30, 2023
PWA vs. CROSS PLATFORM

College of Liberal Arts and Sciences Congressional Rd. Caloocan City
May 6, 2023
53
SKILLS:
Computer Skills
Time management
Communication skills
Active Listening
__________________
SHEENA M. BARDOC
54
EJ BRAYL B. CASTRO
Blk 5 Lot 2 Camella Cielo Brgy
Kaybanban SJDM
+639702550609
Braylcastro9@gmail.com
Age: 22
Birthday: September 27, 2000
Birth Place: Binalbagan Negros Occ.
Religion: Catholic
Father: Edgar Castro
Mother: Ma. Gemma Castro
City
(2019 – 2023)
St. Vincent De Ferrer College
(2013-2017)

55
National Polytecnic College of The Philippines

(2017-2019)
INTERNSHIP

SEMINARS/WEBINARS:

March 18, 2023
SKILLS:
Can able to multi task and ability to work in a team.
__________________
EJ BRAYL B. CASTRO
56
KIM ZYRUIS ENDOZO

121 Odigal st. Brgy Commonwealth Quezon City
+639152857549
Zyruisendozo@gmail.com
Age: 22
Birthday: December 14, 2000
Birth Place: Goa Camsur, Bicol
Religion: Catholic
Father: Ricardo P. Casillano
Mother: Michelle H. Endozo
City
57
(2019 – 2023)
Commonwealth High School
(2013– 2018)

Eclaro Academy
(2017-2019)
INTERNSHIP

SEMINARS/WEBINARS

March 18, 2023
SKILLS:
Professional work ethics
Good in verbal and written communication skills
Can able to multi task and ability to work in a team
__________________
KIM ZYRUIS ENDOZO
58
JOJIT Q. SUBA
1247 L, Yuseco St. Tondo Manila
+639366992752
jojitsuba@gmail.com
Age: 25
Birthday: June 19, 1997
Birth Place: Manila
Religion: Catholic
Father: Joel N. Suba
Mother: Daisy Q. Suba
City
(2019 – 2023)
59
Andres Bonifacio Elementary School

(ALTERNATIVE LEARNING SYSTEM)
(2014-2015)
 Primary Education
Andres Bonifacio Elementary School
(2003-2010)
INTERNSHIP
SPMO UP Manila
Padre Faura St. Ermita, Manila
April 2023 – June 2023
SEMINARS/WEBINARS

March 18, 2023

ENGINEERING STARTUP
NCR
March 30, 2023

May 6, 2023
SKILLS:
Computer Literacy
Oriented in Microsoft
60
Application such as
Microsoft Word
Microsoft Excel
Microsoft Powerpoint
_______________
JOJIT Q. SUBA
61
LOVELYN P. TESADO
Purok 20 Unit V Brgy. Commonwealth Quezon City
+639381476193
+639926601002
ltesado410@gmail.com
Age: 22 years old
Birthday: April 22, 2001
Birth Place: Antipolo City
Religion: Catholic
Father: Roel L. Tesado
Mother: Liezl P. Tesado
City
(2019 – 2023)
62
North Fairview High School
(2013 – 2018)

Our Lady Of Fatima University
(2018 – 2019)
INTERNSHIP

SEMINARS/WEBINARS

March 18, 2023

ENGINEERING STARTUP
NCR
March 30, 2023

May 6, 2023
SKILLS
___________________
LOVELYN P. TESADO
63
APPENDIX III: SOURCE CODES
//Transmitter
#include <SPI.h>
#include <nRF24L01.h>
#include <RF24.h>
// Assign Potentiometer Pin

int pot1 = A0;
int pot2 = A1;
int pot3 = A3;
//Assign PIn nRF24L01

RF24 radio(7, 8); // CE, CSN
boolean buttonState = 0;
const byte address[6] = "00001";
// Assign PIN button Gear1 & Gear2

const int buttonGear1 = 2;
const int buttonGear2 = 3;
// Assign initial state button Gear1 & Gear2

int buttonState1 = 0;
int buttonState2 = 0;
//initial speed for gear 1 divider

int gearValue = 10;
//constructor
struct Data_Package {
int forward;
int steering;
64
int breakStop;
};
Data_Package data; //Data_Package declaring into variable
void setup() {
pinMode(pot1,INPUT); //init Gas

pinMode(pot2,INPUT); //init Steering
pinMode(pot3,INPUT); //init break

pinMode(buttonGear1, INPUT); //init Gear 1
pinMode(buttonGear2, INPUT); //init Gear 2
Serial.begin(9600);
//init radio Comm
radio.begin();
radio.openWritingPipe(address);
radio.setPALevel(RF24_PA_MIN);
radio.stopListening();
}
void loop() {
int pot1val;
int pot2val;
int pot3val;
pot1val = analogRead(pot1);
buttonState1 = digitalRead(buttonGear1);
buttonState2 = digitalRead(buttonGear2);
if(buttonState1 == HIGH){
gearValue = 4;
65
}
if(buttonState2 == HIGH){
gearValue = 10;
}
data.forward = pot1val/gearValue;
data.steering = pot2val;
data.breakStop = pot3val/gearValue;
radio.write(&data, sizeof(Data_Package));
CODES OF THE PROGRAM
//Receiver
#include <SPI.h>
#include <nRF24L01.h>
#include <RF24.h>
#define led 12
#include <Servo.h> // add servo library
int enA = 3;
int in1 = 5;
int in2 = 4;
struct Data_Package {
int forward;
int steering;
int breakStop;
};
66
Data_Package data; //Create a variable with the above structure

Servo myservo; // create servo object to control a servo
RF24 radio(7, 8); // CE, CSN

boolean buttonState = 0;
int sensorValue = 0;
const byte address[6] = "00001";
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(enA, OUTPUT);
pinMode(in1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(in2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(12, OUTPUT);
myservo.attach(A0);
radio.begin();
radio.openReadingPipe(0, address);
radio.setPALevel(RF24_PA_MIN);
radio.startListening();
digitalWrite(in1, LOW);
}
void loop() {
if (radio.available()) {
radio.read(&data, sizeof(Data_Package));
if(data.forward || data.breakStop){
accelerate(data.forward,data.breakStop);
}
if(data.steering){
direction(data.steering);
}
}
}
67
void accelerate(int speed,int breakvalue ) {

analogWrite(enA, speed - breakvalue);
digitalWrite(in1, HIGH);
}
void direction(int steering) {

int val;
val = map(steering, 0, 1023, 0, 180);
myservo.write(val);
}
void reverse() {
analogWrite(enA, 255);
digitalWrite(in2, HIGH);
}
68
APPENDIX IV – SOME FIGURES/DIAGRAMS IN A LARGER VIEW
Schemdatic Diagram
69
Circuit Diagram
70
Closed loop
Servo Motor Closed Loop
Motor Closed Loop

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1

In 1991, Namco Released the arcade game Mitsubishi Driving

Simulator, codeveloped with Mitsubishi. It was a serious educational

street driving simulator that used 3D polygon. technology and a sit-

down arcade cabinet to simulate realistic driving, including basics

instructions, avoiding collisions with other vehicles or pedestrians, and

brake is applied. As of this date Driving a vehicle is one of the most

common daily and hazardous tasks. Simulation of driving lesson using

radio-controlled car model can be a device to learn how to drive safely

driver to improve their skill and to boost their confidence in driving a

Simulation of driving lesson has a Rc car with cameras that can be

controlled from a distance using a specialized transceiver, instead of

virtual simulation it will become a physical driving simulation, this

deducted and the accuracy of steering wheel and accuracy of power

pedal instead left right and forward of 45 degree it will be added of

35,20,15,10 degrees, this driving simulation have a same as physical

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Base on MMDA record in 2021, Quezon City have

21,978 car accident, If you’re curious about what caused most of

of the vehicle with 81 instances recorded, ‘Human Error” with

6,909 incidences. And curiously enough, ‘No Accident Factor”

as logged in Police Blotters with 51,345 occurrences.

Driver’s error has been identified as an important factor in road

Driver’s error has been identified as an important factor

in road traffic accidents for instance. If a driver accelerates

instead of braking or driver performs an incorrect action

intentionally or unintentionally such as passing a yellow light

when they need to stop, braking hard on slippery road that

are driving, and control of the vehicle can manifest as driver

behavior errors. Recognition errors, decision-making errors and

they want to drive.

This study aims to enhance vehicle control, traffic management,

hazard perception and decision making without building dangerous

overconfidence. Allows learners to practice and develop greater

competence in a wider variety of situations in a shorter period of time

b to drive in safety way before an actual driving test.

REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

According to Rachel A. Wynne, Vanessa Beanland and Paul M.

Salmon (2019) Driving Simulators are a common tool for researching

driver behavior, providing practical, safe, and controlled environments.

Despite their frequent use in research, there is relatively little evidence

confirming their validity (i.e., how accurately they represents or reproduce

real-world-driving). Moreover, there is inconsistency in both the types of

simulators used, and the operationalization of “real-world” driving in

validations. This systematic review was undertaken to evaluate the

evidence regarding driving simulator accuracy when compared with real-

showed correspondence of the driving behavior between the simulator

actual speed followed a significantly similar tendency and indicated

relative validity in both experiments. Moreover, external absolute validity

speedometer revealed. Participants’ evaluation of the quality and

performance of the driving simulator supported the subjective validity of

the simulator setting.

According to Rionel Belen Caldoand Joemar Palomaria Driving

Assessment and Simulation Hub (HUB) would like to propose a solution

to preparing problems by designing, developing and implementing an

Automated Driver’s Assessment and Driving Simulator System. The

present invention discloses an electronic system comprising three main

software components specifically, an electronic driving knowledge

examination system with biometrics registration validation feature and

touchscreen terminals, a driving simulation testing system with automatic

The study was designed to study the possibility of training for

self-rated driving ability in a simulator, and the impact of corrective

(errors made) feedback versus corrective (errors made) and