L  rBm  vldefqAif yDwB;  

    

|6| wmif;vlwfhZB; ugMbql;rldif;tcb |25| vufeufrtyf=e,fajrrvGJ 0 wyfqHk;jzwfqJ

wMbumefodkuf; |33| e,fjcm;apmifw h yfjzpfpOf=tifwifwif
|11| yef[Mumefrldif;qkrf;udkwf;odkuf;tvj,Mj |35| typf&yfrsm;w±kwftm;xm;rnfhtpm; ...
|13| omrfcMuAif; |38| em;*pfz‹JG pnf;yHk yifvkH ESihf ajymif;jyef

7 8 29 37
yD;egif.wh:Nrf;uefbgef:ygef:bldif:ql: qOf;apjcrf:xh: [ Oef:uldwf,qOf;eldOfNOf 5/12/2009 ]
dG'ry ,yj. S06'b hy mwr

Photo : Tiger Design

;KoyhxG'ry akTS]wg: dkj;oyr

Photo : SSA
d:'yr,6'yh,5b'yrS]w:;kTs^b;yh
Photo : SSA

S.H.A.N. P.O.Box 15, Nong Hoi P.O., Chiangmai 50007, Thailand

   
        ⌫  e-mail: shan@cm.ksc.co.th
www.shanland.org, www.mongloi.org, www.khonkhurtai.org, www.mongloi.org/burmese
 INDEPENDENCE

pWc:] kCam];nL: 1

aOoMvD tvj rdlif;wB;

,5b;yhxKoyx69ytm0;yhooyt ,ur;G'yr06b;yh
pyj. ]6dhy o6'b hy s<';ty kh g;lk]u Zx:'jy ;khd.K'yh
py.j;kr;6boyrX p5joy.r,5b'yrvoys<'yt;kT;0yt0uj
(Vajji) p5j9K'yrs<'jy ,5' b ry ,dm (Magadha)
voy;G'yr]5'y';yh,5b'yrxGoyik0ds Z9wrd,yh
o,ys^T0dyroy.r06b;yhik0d\3;yj 0:,yrxuho:'yT
,Koyh-;yX? l:',y 'b5 ry owt v;yo,y-t '5 ry -kr Zd'yr
dkjX -Coyh;wTd5Pyr?
❑ xGoy9uhl'yjl:oyx:oyh,C'yj vxibskob
pm,yr ) g-kh voyxKoy,;b5 hy ]G;y d,yhz:'hy
s<'yt;kh m,yrz:,tys^,yh?
❑ xGo9
y hu 0;yhlus gdkTxGozy h5 d:ory l6db ry
l6'yl69yr,5b'yrooyt sxytxGoy]6dyho:'ytx:'yhxwK
x69ytm0;yhc]h ]5'ytm,yrs<9yhm6b'y0oyT
l5;y9kxoy?
,5'b ry ;0y0t ju owt 'wKr,5ob ,y 'b5 ry 9wro,y? 9wr
c9t pK,yh,ur-6oo y ,yl9 6 ry oxyst ;^ xy Kdyjd5Pry ?
{gxkroxytl:oyjxkr9wr oy.r,5b'yrc-j c]h ,5b'yr
-K'yS95'b ry c0hdC'jy pK,yr]G;}y ? ]:'hy owgt dkh
dwT-whcoo,yoo C jy ? d5Pry dkh ,5'b ry ;0y0 t ju l,ty
,urxGoy )j)Q) -6oy]5rd:oyj?
,5'b ry 9wr,ur-5;b ry d5ory pyj. pK,yr]G;y % c5;b ry
9wr/ xv5;ry / x]:'hy / ;kT 05;b ry ow?t d5Pry dkhs<'ty

;wKr]'y @(Q* ,kr ,5'b ry 9wrv,yj,ur-6o0 y db ry 0:,sy 'yrg-k

v;y-6oyx5boyh,krsG9yr0;yhsG9yr0:,ys;yr
v;ys;yro'yjdoy-6boyhxGoy0;yhxGoy0:,yooytc9t
pK,yh,ur;wKrl6db ry ]6,hy akTd,yrl:'y @+%(S@+(# s6'b y @( xu
9'yhc9jxuooy,t kr d5ory 9K'yj-5;b ry 9K'yj0K9yh-;yh,krsG9ry -6oy
g9kjpK,yr]G;y %) xuxKw pK'yh-;yh %_ xu
awKjs<'yj;G'yr ,urxkjm5boyj]5'y s<'yt;kh ❑ xGoy9uh isKoyroK'yrpb'yr voys<'yt;kh ,5'b ry 9wrs^,hy doy? ,5'b ry ;0y0 t ju l,y,t ru -5;b ry ]5'y %
,sk;o ]6bdyTd.K'yhg9kjm6b'y ]w:sb,k]p zbd-y o
6 u c9j9'yh,ur,kr? -5;b ry ]b00 ty ;u (Licchavi) -9y9 t p b (Khat-
(Himalaya) voy9rw s<'0 ty ,: ry xuho:',ty Koyh;kh tiya) ;bg9s (Videha) c]h ;9y0 t ju (Vajji)
❑ xGoy9uhx6boyzK;yj;kh p5jmC'yh $ ]5boy
]w:sb,;oyj9kj? xkr9'yrd5oyr-5b;yrv:oyj % -5b;yr? d5Pyrdkhs<'yt
g9v;yobxytxKoyj?
,5'b ry ;0y0 t ju s^,hy doy?
oy.rx6boyrx69ytm0;yh -whco]:'yh,5b'yr
❑ xGo9
y hu 09yrsCory l'y-kpokd,yrl:'?y ,5'b ry 9wr 9'yr ,5'b ry ;0y0 t ju xGo,y 'b5 ry sK'yh
;0yt0uj ;G'yr g;lk]u -;y]wKx:dyh]wKd,yr?
]uo'yjdoy/ zy.v,yjzy.gdkh -y.hv;yd.kjxGoy
❑ ,5;b hy vkp60;yh]wh %@ 9K'yr,5'b ry ;0y0
t ju oyr. x6ob ry ]6,hy akTc9t v:ody oy;kh,5'b ry ,5'b ry 95;dy ;yj? ,5'b ry voy-h.y ]wh,5'b ry ;0y0 t ju ]5;b y
,:dyjs<9yh sy>hd.kj0w:hmC,y d:xyh9K'yrxGoy]5b'yj? ;9yt0uj xGoy,5b'yr l,9 (Republic) x:'jy ;kh x5boyhl69yr xGoy,5b'yr ,dm ?
,oyr0;yhv;ydK. ,yrl9yh0kj Z06;b hy 0yh. 2v,yj v,yj0yh. ,5'b ry gsk-,yrgsklC'y v,yj0yh. ,5'b ry 0;yh voyv,yj,5boydoyooyTc9T ;wKr]'y
xC9yt]CoyX voys<'yt;kh i9ol69yh 9:'yh akTz:'ry ',yr? xGo-y kh;Koyhd5ory ,5'b ry ,5o b xy o
b5 hy @(Q* ,krgdkh ,5b'yr9wrv,yj,ur-6oy0bdyr0:,y
vKoyjdoy ) ;oyr ) -6boyrgl 9K'yrxGoy ,5boys;yro'yjdoy z:'yr',yrdoyd5Pyr? o:dyh s'yrg-k? v;y-o 6 xy o
b5 hy ,krsG9ry 0;yhsG9ry 0:,y
d5hx5b'yswK]wKd.kjc]h xGoy9uhoxytm6b;yokm ooyt p'yrs<';ty kh xGo0 y 'b6 hy ,5'b ry s^,hy 96,y (Fed- s;yr? v;ys;yro'yjdoy-o b6 hy xGo0 y ;yhxGo0 y ,: y
x6b'yhvb'y,kr 0G,ypK,yrooyt? eration) s^;ysCdyhv:oy9K'yrl69yr]5rd:oyj? ooytc9t pK,yh,ur;wKrl6bdyr]6,yhakTd,yrl:'y

Shan Herald Agency for News 3

 L
@+%( g9kjm6'b y @+(# s6'b y @( xu? d5Pry dkh
9'yhc9jxuooyt,kr d5oyr9K'yj-5b;yr9K'yj
0K9yh -;yh,krsG9ry -6oy g9kjpK,yr]G;y %)
xuxKw pK'yh-;yh %_ xu?
,5b'yr;0ty0uj z:'yrooytgdkh ,urxoysk ,5'b ry ;0y0
t u
,5o
b ,y 'b5 ry 9wr? d5Pry dkh ;wKrglx69m ty 0;yhl:oy
x:ohy syh> 96;b ry d,y/ l,yl t xb6 jy l'yjl:oxy o : hy xoy ,5'b ry 9wr
doy vxibskobpm,y, ) g-khp;ytgdkh ]wh
9'yhlzkrs^,hy doygl s^,hy doyd,6 y s^,hy doy
9Cxry 99yr s^,hy doy-xyl t K'yhsK'yhx:'y ,krc]h
;Koyh,5b'yrgdkh-6boyhpy.j,y.jl6'yd9yrpGoyl5b;yr

Photo : website
lkj p5j]:9yh]C;yrS m6b'y9uh,5b'yr,dm,kr
96bdyr]wKx:dyhgdkh v,yjgxt]whglx:dyhSdKoyt
,5b;yr-6boyrd5hd,yr?
p:oytooygl 0;yhgsk-,yr ,dm
v0k9l9y (Ajatasattu) 0'yj]whl5'yj
z:'yr,5b'yr]5'y ;9yldki (Vassakara) d.kj
9:'hy mK,y x69m ty 0;yh;kh g9]whsG9ry s6;b ?y
x69ym0;yh]wh'boyrd.K,yr ;9yldki
p;ygt dkh v,yj9:xjy l6;b hy l6;b hy / p:o;ty khdKoy
;Koyh,5b'yrowt l'y-0;yh-;y v,yj0K'yh-;yh
dG;jy -:'hy 0:,ry d,yrl6;b hy ? d5Pry -6o b ry ;bojy ;wKjmK,y
0;yhvkooy9k;kh ,5'b ry ;0y0 t ju owt 0:'jy p'yr

Illustration by : Harn (SHAN)

96db Ty 96;b ry d,y0,: ry vxibskobpm,yr ) gckh
p5js6;b Sy gxkr0;yhvkooy9k 9:xjy ;kh 96db Ty
96;b ry d,y0,: ry p5jowgdkh 0'yj,kr;wKj]K9yhco
;9yldki;kh Jdkhvoydo 5 ry ,5'b ry ;0y0
t ju -;y
p'yr96db Ty 96;b ry d,yc]h p'yrl'yjl:oxy o : hy

#Q xuxKw ,krowt 06,ry ]wKr]6dTy z6o b ,ty 'b5 ry 9wrs;yr9'yro,ygdkh

]whd69b ry l6db ry 9'yr06,ry l6db ry ,Koyhgl ]6dTy 9uho:ory o5;b dy x: ry z5'b ry
,krxGoy d:xry o6ohy -5oo y d5 Ty d:xry ,Kdyj 9'yro,y?
';yr]wKr05'b o yt o
w tw gxkrv;yx9 6 m ty 0;yh;kh xGov y oy],u hw 0y?.
l'y;khd6,jy ,6'b gty lr]wK0K9yhxKoy d:xry -5oo y d5 Ty p5j06'b y
lwK'wK]:dry ]wKr9kj,5'b ry 9wrg9]6dl :w 9 6 ry ;wKrooyt 96o b ry c;hv,yj]wh
4 Vol. 26, No. 262, 2009

sw<rlKdyhg0HfuHd;yj ;G'yrg;lk]u oy.r,5b'yrd]krpK,yr]G;y
Photo : website
,C'jy ]u]du oyor.y vxibskobpm,y,owt 96o b ry
v,yj,ur]wKr9K'yr 9kj-;yg995dyr9C,yjd.kj/
,ur9K'yr9kjg9l6bxyj-6boyhpy.j d.kj9bdyr9bdyr
d5Pry " ;kho'yjow? ;9yldki gdkh0'yj95'ty
9dyTgl zK9yj,5;b ry d.kj9K'yj];yhco 0;yh
v0k9l9y?
vxibskobpm,y, ) g-khotw xGoyl'y
]wK]wK d:oyrg-kpK,yh9C,yh,kr]wKx:dyh]wKd,yr
p5j? d,yrowgt dkh g99C,hy comC'hy x:dhy o6'b hy /
p:odty ,yhz:'hy gdkh p'yrg9xwjs^T? ,5;b hy 0;yh
95oyr-5rp6,yrx:'yj Z0;yhxPkgzkrdX ,urp5j
oy.r,5b'yrd5oyrgdkh ly.jxkroy.rxxyt,oyr0;yh d,y
gxkr0sb9iklu Zz:ory ]u,'b5 ry 9wrX ooyp t j5 ?
Photo : website
l;ysboy vl5;yrd voy-6oygsk-,yrvl5;yrd sG9yr9KoyrxoyIzkrxGoy0;yh d5;yr9, c]h
aK'ysK'yh;G'yrd;yj g;lk]u pK,yr]G;y
INDEPENDENCE
gl cljp5'ry x5'ry 0kToyr. ;5'hy dK'yh-;y syh> gxkr
soyzb9yrdoy m6b'y9uhgxkrv,yj95Pyrokh
doy]wh? gxkrxGoyooy,kr z:,tydoyd6,ydoy
ooytgdkh v,yj,urp;yh? gxkrv,yjz:,tydoy
d6,ydoygdkh z:,tydoy9Cxyr99yr z:,tydoy
sG9yrlK'yh gdkh v,yjxGoy,kr]wh? ,5b;yhooyt
0'yj0;yhv0k9l9y-;yh96db ry gxt]hw ? xGoy
,kr;wKr]'yx9 6 m ty 0;yhv;yoxb xty Koyjd.kj $ xu?
p:otyx5b;yhooy d5oyr,5b'yr9wrs;yr ,ur]wK
-6oy]wK0;yhooyt v,yj0y.hxoysk? xoyskowt
0:'yjz:,tydoyd6,ydoy2v,yjz:,tydoyd6,ydoy
ooydt P 5 ry ? gxkrcdh]whxoyskvoyotw xoysk
9K'yjx5'b gy dkh 9dyrcdh]wh?
@T z:,tydoyd6,ydoy? o:dhy gl vxibskobpm,y,ooyt d.K,yr
#T z:,dyt oy9xC ry 99yr? voyx69ytm0;yh 9dyTowK;wT9uh d5oyr,5b'yr
$T z:,tydoy-xyrlK'yhsK'yhx:'y ;0y0 t ju -;yooygt dkh ]u,Kw ]u9': ry ]u;o 5 0 yt ,: ry ?
ZsG9ry 0:,ry g-kh9Cxry 99yrX J,5;b hy ]G;dy o 5 ry ]b00 ty ;u-;y p'yr96db Ty o:ory
%T d,yt0w:hoxytm6b;y d5oyrm;yhd5oyrcdjc]h o5;b dy x: ry z5'b ry / p'yr96db Ty sC'ry / 96db Ty dwTp5jc]h
sxyst '< ry 96'ry v;ydK. ,yrl'yjl:o-y ;y0;yh? 0;yhv0k9l9yh v,yj0K'yh ]wh96;b 9 ty K'yr
*T v,yj9Gdyr'Coyrgxtdboy]5]wKoK'yrpb'yr? l'y Z9kjgxt-;yX? d5Pyrdkh -K;yrokh,kr
(T d,y0 t h:w oxym
t ;b6 ]
y ,6 ry ]kr-5;ry d;yj-5;ry ,:o?y ,5;b hy ]yc. ]h d5ory ]b00 ty ;u-;y 9bo,y ;b6 ry v5ohy
)T dC9yjc-d,yt0w:hz5h05b;yr,urlboy,urm,yr? v:ojy ,kr/ -;yg9o:ory o5;b dy x: ry o6ohy -5oo y d5 ty
0;yhv0k9l9ygdkh ;5oyt;kh dkh g9kj9k;oyrgxkrv:djy ? ,5;b hy ooyt 0;yhv0k
voyzh5 v:osy ;^ ,y 'b5 ry ;9y0 t ju -;y z:,ytdoyd6,y 9l9y 9dyr]wh96;b 9 ty K'yr9kjgxt-;y v,yj
doy p5jooyt ,oyr0;yhv,yj0K'yhsG9ry l'y? sK'yt?"
0'yjdw:hxw:jlwK]xtyd.kjp5j0:,yr-6oy;0yt0uj-;y oy.r #Q xuxwK,krowt 06,yr]wKr]6dyTz6boyt
,5'b ry 9wrs;yr9'yro,ygdkh ]whd69 b ry l6db ry 9'yr
06,yrl6bdyr,Koyhgl ]6dyT9uho:oyro5b;y d:xyr
z5'b ry ,krxGoy d:xry o6ohy -5oo y d5 Ty d:xry ,Kdyj 9'yr
o,y? ';yr]wKr05'b o yt o w tw gxkrv;yx9 6 m ty 0;yh
;kh xGov y oy],u hw 0y?. l'y;khd6,jy ,6'b gty lr]wK
0K9yhxKoy d:xry -5oo y d5 Ty p5j06'b y lwK'wK]:dry
]wKr9kj,5'b ry 9wrg9]6dl :w 9
6 ry ;wKr ,5o b ,y 'b5 ry ;0yt
0ujdw:xC9yhoy.r,6b;yr,5b'yr,dm ooyt96boyrv,yj
c;h]wh?
d5Pry dkh l'y0;b5 ;ty khgxt9;5 gy xt0g.y lS
d5oyr,5b'yr9'yr]wK96dyT-p5jowt d;ygdkh d:xyh
l'yv,yjxGo] y hw 0:,ry Sgxkra'y0d.y oyhdCojy
o'yjowc9t ';yr]wKrvoy s;yr-6boyrd.kj05r
o:ory o5;b dy x: ry z5'b ry ooyt g9v,yjp5js6'b y 9dyr
g9xbojy xwj;wKjxGo-y o b6 ry o:ory o5;b dy x: ry -5oo y d5 ty
]wh;wr;wrv,yjsK'y?t
05b'yr-;yjlG'y Z#+T@@T#QQ+X
Shan Herald Agency for News 5
 L
umefrldif;_umefokduf;
rmefj[Aw;f wmif;vlwUf ZB;ql;rlid ;f tcb
ydOl jf wMbumefoukd ;f vdOl af oumefuMU
rdlOfjvAOf qkrf;odkuf;rmefj twbauMb
omifjwmif;vlwfUZB; vMjoAOfj-tqjuOfb
(awMbeMjrlbtqj) wmif;rldif;tcbauMj wdkufU
auMbomifjvli;f rM;? wmif;vMjoAOjf auMj twb
auMbomifjcdek jf ugMb/ wDjOmefjclijf [dr;f rlid ;f ,k
105 vuf;eefU rmefjwdkufUtr;ckwf;_xB
wDjvdef ydOl jf wMb[Aw;f wMjvlwUf ZB;_wmif;
Photo : Meckleychina
9kh]59ytawr g,j,G;yt ZxK'yjv5X
vlwUf ZB;oAejf eBU aw[Aw;f cde k ;f q.r;f +B;uOfb
nefnid ;f uvAwjf [Aw;f OBh ymefoukd ;f vkrjf ZMU
y.ufj 2 rmify.wf;rmifw.efj/ nefvkufUnOf
vMjoAOfjcdkefjugMb vwf;zmefbwmif;cBm;[AOf;?
rlid ;f wAr?f OmefjrmufbcDjel? [mefUwfjg ? uki;f oMb?
OAi;f oFeOf ?D ulwUf cBm qifbcde k jf ugMbql;rlbtqj
tqjuOfb[kOd -f awugMbrlid ;f yM; (oFeOf )D vwf;
ZBmbwlu;f ulwUf cBm-y.ibf erfUzuf;uM-clOrf ik ;f -
erfn h rk -f ZBmbn.ubf wMjvli?f arMjw.i;f ugMby.ibf
6 Vol. 26, No. 262, 2009
Omefjclijf [kOd e
f eB efU ,if;yBbwFy;f wwf;/
ayM;ugMbwmif;rlid ;f a,M q.r;f +B;uOfborfU
vB.,fgbokiferf OMjeB/ ylefUrM;rldOfj[mifvldef
elOf@OFrf@VldOf@ +ifjumefZBmbwFufjeMjvdef
qkr;f okud ;f rmefj (aebysbD awMb tvj vMjoAOjf )
ulef; 20 yBm nOfokduf;=rfbvlrfj 2 wyfUu.if
ugMbvAyfj[Aef;rM;/
n.efwmif;eBU zdkefcmOfbtcb csB@eM@
aW@vd (China Daily) [Bm;imef;OMj- tcb
wif;rmefjwlu;f vli;f uef awauMbomifjwmif;
vlwfUZB;vFefvdef 2 rldif; ydlOfjqfgUwMbumef
uMU/ tcbawomifjvkun hf Of OAi;f cke;f rdif vli;f
ugMbql;OAi;f tqjuOfb tvjawomifjwMjvlwUf
ZB; wDjrlid ;f rmOf; (olpbf vDb)/ ZBmbqkr;f oduk ;f
rmefjorfU awomifjwifjtwbvMjoAOjf cde k jf
xdkifrlbtqj (tcbqB.jidkef;)/ rdlOfjvAOftcb
Photo : Meckleychina
]6dyTg,j,G;yt ZxK'yjv5X d.kjlujgxkT
]59tyawr]Coyh @Q 05;hy ,5'ry
twUomifjrM;xdkif OAif;wMjvd [mifbuBOAif;
tqjuOfbr.ufj 125 vuf;? vmrf;cmwfjOMj-
yDeMjeBU awomifjxdkif OAif;tqjuOfb-eB
,OfU/
qOfjeMjwDjZBmbumefuMUtcb auMUedik jf
vmwfjOMj- ayM;OMjoAejf wmif;vlwZ hf ;B oBmeBh
auMbomifj,OfUwlOfj aw[Awf;{jumefuMU
o.ifrldif;iBmjvlrfvdlOfuOfb-OMjeB/
nl;n.ibf ausMbaqM; zljyuf;wMumefridl ;f
vFefvdeftcbvmwfjte VOA OMj- ayM;
oAejf wmif;vlwUf ZB;auMbomifj,OfUwlOjf tcb
awvBjerfUw.ef;vdlOfrmefj? u.yfjOMjtcbrD;
clOf;ukefbodefuMUolifbn.ufberf rmefjtwU
rD;ukefbodefuMUzkufbo.rfjulpf;-eB,OfU/
zljvAyfj[Aef;cOfxwf;omifOMj- umef
omifjwmif;vlwUf ZB;eBU rmefjrD;,dil ;f nmef;
ydlOfjwMbqfgUZBmbumefodkuf; erfvdlOfumefuMU?
efg;qdkifjwB;rdlOfjvAOf urfjerfqfgUumefodkuf;
erfvlOd f[yfUawMUwmifbulef;rldif;tvj wmifb
ukefbodefuMU-OMjeB/ ¾
 INDEPENDENCE

rmefjaw[Aw;f wmif;vlwUf ZB;vBmoBm

,mOf;qrf[iA v
f uf; ef;g qdik jf wB;
wmif;vlwfUZB;oBmrfgb nefqkrf;odkuf; vBj,OfU aw,myfbwMbqkr;f udw k ;f oduk ;f _qkr;f n.ifbymef;-olpfbp.ifb-w.ifbusD;/ wmif;uOfb
rmefj wduk Uf twbauMbomifj yAeo f mB vMjoAOjf - vkuUf zde k Uf wliUf edik uf Mg brM;/ u.yjf OMjoduk ;f rmefj rD;n.ibf ymef;-vBa. uMb? olpbf p.ibf -v.ujf q.ubf ?
rlbtqj-tqjuOfb wmif;,mOf; 106 vuf;/ awnOf=rfbvlrfjerf rdlefeifbugmrf; wmifb wlejf wD;-oDboFibf -rlid ;f eBm;? ref;wav;-
yDeMj 2010 eBU rD;cli;f umef omifjwmif;vlwhf cdOl ;f OMj -wMbule;f wliUf edik f vBjndie f Old of eA jf oDbayMU-vMjoAOjf ? oDbayMU-erfUwlj-(arMb
ZB; oBmerfq h mif - uAi;f wkixf iF jf wmif;,mOf; vdw l jf ? wMbokud ;f wliUf edik f vBjndie f Old of eA jf ymif,ik ;f ) ayMbwke;f - qdOl ;f eBU/ wmif;vlwUf
206 vuf;/ e.ujf aoeefU awomifjxFijf wmif;/ yAuUf orfUrmefjvmwfjOMj- ydOl jf wMb ZB; oBmrldif;eBm;-erfUqmif? n.ifbymef;-
rde
l e f ifboBm erfUqmif - oDbayMU wmif;,mOf; ulef;rldif;ugMbrM;iBmjauMj wdkef;,dlif;nmef; vBa. uMb qdOl ;f eBUule;f rlid ;f nrfbayM;qfUg ? qkr;f
156 vuf;/ =rfjwmif;,mOf; 468 vuf;/ qfgUwMbumefodkuf;}-OMjeB/ odkuf;rmefjqfgUurfjerf/ rldOfj[Awf;wmif; oBm
yleUf rM;nrfb[dik f oBmcmOfbxB;tvj ule;f
rldif;efg;ydkefUwDjauMjvmwfjOMj- odkuf;rmefj
aw[Aw;f cli;f umefwmif;vlwZ hf ;B xFijf rlid ;f eBm;
-wMjcDjvAu;f wmif;,mOf; 218 vuf; (vwf;
zmefb vmif;cdlOf;? rldif;yefb? rldif;wlef tvj
rldif;omwfb)/
zljyuf;wMvFefvdefcOfOMj- ]ayM;
oBmerfUqmif-uAi;f wki, f OfUtvj oBmrlid ;f eBm;-
wMjcDjvAuf;auMj,OfUqdkif? oBmwMjcDjvAuf;-
uAif;wkif wmif;,mOf; 100 vuf; auMjaw
okdyfbrM;} -OMjeB/ (rdlif;eBm;-wMjcDjvAuf;
218 ? uAi;f wki-f wMjcDjvAu;f 100 =rfj 318
vuf;)/

uAOfbuyf;v.ifjauMbomifjvlwfUZB; oBm
rldif;eBm;-wMjcDjvAuf;eBU Oef;xd 04-07_
11_09 zlju.ef;omrfwdlif;odkuf; q.rfodkuf;
rdef;n.ifbvBmb ugMby.wf;n.ufbclif; uAif;wkif/
Oef;xd 05_11_09 ugMbvlv.rferfUvdef
[defzMy.wf;rdlif;wlef-rldif;omwfb Zifbclif;
rde l ef ifb 1U oAejf oBm wDjawqmifjwwf;
wmif; 2U wlp;f =pfjwlp;f vB. nefawqlif
xrfjvBj 3U wlpf;yM;wDjaw[Awf;clOfcmrfj
erfUcli;f / Oef;xd 06_11_09 ugMbwMjcDjvAu;f
cdek jf rdOl ;f uAi;f wkif wlp;f yM;v.ijf =rfbvlrjf q.r;f
oAefjwMjoBmwmif;? Oef;xd 07_11_09
=yfUnkyfb ulef;eifjvkrf;qkrf;rldif;vM; wDj
uAi;f wkiaf oy.ujf rdOl ;f /
zljvAyjf [Ae;f cOfxwf;omifOMj- ]ayM;
auMbomifjwmif;vlwfUvBmoBmql;uefqfgUumef
]59ytawrvoy]Coyh]6dyTv;y g,j,G;yt ZxK'yjv5X ,5b;yr05r lujgxkT
Oef;xd 07_12_09 zdkefcmOfbtcb
odsef;[gM n.ufbcmOfbv.ifj +ifjumefZBmbawMU
olibf wmif;vlwUf ZB; vmwfjOMj- qkr;f oduk ;f
rmefj awauMbomifjcli;f umefwmif;vlwUf ZB;
9 cli;f umef? ,mOf;r.ujf 2b000 vuf;yBm? ide k ;f
vli;f wdek ;f awoAijf r.ujf 130 vmefUaWM@
vdOl @f - eB,bl /
wmif;vlwUf ZB;uOfbrdil ;f rmefj nef,il ;f
,fg;wdwf;qdkifjwB;y.wf;qmef;/ wMbqDb-
Photo : Meckleychina
n.ibf ymef;-vBa. uMb ule;f rlid ;f wBmerf/ cli;f umef
wmif;vlwUf ZB;awauMbomifj 1b250 vuf;
eBU yAefefg;qdkifjwB;/ rdlif;rmefjywf;ydkefUrD;
3b144 vuf;? 1 Oef;eBU ulef;cDbrD;r.ufj 1
oFef/
¾¾¾

Shan Herald Agency for News 7

 L
ynlO;f =rfj+rf;uef yAerf bl edik jf qkr;f vAOf
(SNPLO) nef wMbutvb n.e=
f Of (twb
udkwf;odkuf;rdlOfj 1994) rD;yef[Mwif;qkrf;
odkuf;rmefj 2007 ao idlifUyBmjzmwfbn.ufb
SNPLO (yMjwfjg ckec f swd Uf r.ibf ukr;f ,dy;f ) ylu;f
wifjqkr;f ylw;f yBb. qdOl q hf mwfjynlO;f PNLO /
xdik rf M; 2008 auMj SNPLO vBjxkubf oduk ;f
rmefjrdybf iFe;f wAu;f qfUg Omif;cdil jf / urfjz.ijf
yBmjcOfjql;qkr;f n.ibf crf;xDb/
ckefnlufUuMbtwU n.efwmif;yM;efg;
qkr;f qdOl Uf qmwfjynlO;f PNO nef n.ibf crf;
xDb n.e=f Of? ayM;n.ibf crf;xDb udw k ;f oduk ;f auMj
wFubf n.ubf ylu;f wifj rkuUf qkr;f ylw;f yBb. ule;f rlid ;f
Photo : KMA

ynlOf; PPLO ao n.ef=Oferf;eMjrM;/

vBm;vkufUzdkefUqmOf;ynlOf;eBU twb
rM;rdlOfj 11_12_1949 OBm;,mif;vkufUzdkefU
rdlOfjOef;xd 07-09_12_09 qkrf; ymifurk f 2 Oef;,OfU qFubf rFibf eMjumef ,mrf;vAOfc.yfjclyfb 60 yD/ n.efwmif;okwf;
ynlOf;vBmvBmqkrf; qdlOf;wlifUedkifykefjqdlOfU ykejf z.e;f uef vdul jf wifjc.r@f rwDbiOfjike;f wifjqdOk jf rkuq hf rk ;f ylw;f yBb. qdOl qhf mwfjynlO;f
qmwfj [Aw;f ymifurk w f jD vFev f e
d x f ;B wDjedik jf 15 auMU/ efg; 7 auMUrD; 1U ckefnlufUuMb PNLO / OBm;rM;u.yjf PNLO [Aw;f auMUyMbwDb
ao n.ubf acMjyde k zf mOfbv.ijf =rfj+rf;uefye A f =OfyOfj 2U ckefwdo.if uFrf=OfyOfj 3U ckef c.rf@rdOf@edwfUrdlif;rmefj (CPB) tvj zlj
rlbedkifjqkrf;vAOf/ ydlifvlifref; qkrf;ylwf;yB.b rsdefUxkef; zljy.ifumefuljv.ifjv.ifj 4U ckef erf;qefUokif wFubf uefye A o f i. q
f rk ;f ? qkr;f
ulef;rdlif;ynlOf; (PPLO) nefckefnlufUuMb wlb'Aifb uFrfzljy.ifumef (1) 5U ckefrAOf; uFrf ynlO;f zdul bf SNPLO nef wMbutvb n.ef
n.ef=Of? qkrf;ylwf;yB.b qdlOfUqmwfjynlOf; zljy.ifumef (2) 6U ckefnlOf; zljcOfjyM; =Of tvjqkrf;ynlOf;vFif PNO nef n.ifb
(PNLO) nefckefwdo.if n.ef=Of tvj 7U ckefn.ifbausMb zljcOfjyM;- qdlOf;eBU/ crf;xDb n.e=f Of/ n.ew f mif;ynlO;f vkuz hf e
kd hf
wmifbrlbwmifbrkufU =rfj+rf;uefyAef PNLO ckefwdo.if wif;ckefwlb'AifbeBU ndif qOfjZMU? rdlOfjeefU u.yfjrmefjauMjqif;
qkr;f vAO-f eB,OfU/ edOl q
f rk ;f ylw;f yBb. ule;f rlid ;f uljqmOf;cdOl ;f qdik jf wB; qOfjZMUao yef[Fif;ynlOf;/ ¾
ckefnlufUuMb vmwfjOMj- ayMbvoDb
twU nrfbydil jf uefwif;nefuOfb/ 1U okebf
vBjwFy;f wwf;[if;acM 2U WD@r.uUf ca'@oD@
3U omefcwf;v.u;f ydil q f Ofjnrf;emwfjoduk ;f -
qdOl ;f eBU/ ,mrf;vAOf nrfbqfjg qkr;f zfrg ef;,Ofh
tvjvBj qFufbrFifbeMjumefykefjz.ef;uef -
OMjeB/
ulef;ekrfbynlOf; cOfj=rfjymifukrfauMU
edik jf vmwfjOMj- ]qmOf;ynlO;f vBmrlbvBmqkr;f
z.rfU=rfj yAefrlbedkifjqkrf;vAOfeBU rD;[Fif;qfg
twUtwU ydOl jf wMbu.ybf uljnOf okebf vBjqmOf;
cdOl ;f ynlO;f / wmifbqmOf;cdOl ;f ef;g qdik jf wB;auMj
Photo : KMA

vDz.rfU=rfjuef rdlefeifbqmOf;cdlOf;ynlOf;?
awqmifj=rfjrdkOf;uef[Awf;umef iBmjvlrf}-
OMjeB/ lwKTS-.k 9C;yrokh -6oy95jiG'yj/ -6oyv5dyTdkj ZgdkTmb $X/ -6oy9bl:'y gdkTmb Z%X

8 Vol. 26, No. 262, 2009

 INDEPENDENCE

OMUawnOfui. jf umifbuFwbf tct[Uuifj v.ijf irf;,Aef

cmOfbrdwUf qdr rdOl jf Oef;xd 09_12_09
n.ufbOMj- Oef;xd 26-28_11_09 wyfU
oduk ;f rlid ;f OMUz.rUf =rfj (UWSA) [Aw;f ymifurk f
wDjiOfjike;f ymifomif;/ ymifurk w f yF ;f wwf;OMj
]awvBjnOfui. jf umifbuFwbf tct[Uuifj v.ijf
irf;,Ae}f / u.yjf OMjOef;xd 25_11_09 qkr;f
oduk ;f rmefjy.ibf vmwfjql; iOfjike;f ymifomif;
OMj- nrfb[yfUnrfbz.rfU nefzljerf;OMU
yOf;,AObf osiF f vli;f vBm;rdOk ;f Oef;xd 10_11_
2009 wmifbvdufjugMb q.rf;eifbacMje.ifb 9
acMj v.ijf [Aw;f wyfUyfUg vFev f ed -f qOfj[mef
auMUedkifjefg; UWSA nrfbcfjg r.ubf qdOk jf auMU
edik jf vmwfjeifbeB/
qOfjeMjwDjOMUauMj oyf;vFi;f qFijf te
ulef;odkuf;ulef;rldif;OMj- ][Of;wuf;vBjz.rfU
=rfjuefuFwfbtct[Uuifj eMjvdef[Of; qkrf;
oduk ;f rmefjcfjg qFubf qkr;f OMUy.w;f ymifomif;tvj
qkrf;vFefvdefxB;/ eMjvdefodkuf; 171
wFubf uef? v.ijf eBU[Of;wde k ;f nrfb[yfUvBj}-
OMjeB/
zljvAyfj[Aef;cOfOMj- wyfUodkuf;OMU
n.ubf ayMbvoDbacMjeBU y.ibf OMj OMUwuf;[mifj
[Fef;odkuf;/ nl;n.ifbausMbaqM; zljyuf;wM
umefridl ;f umefoukd ;f rlid ;f rmefjvFev
f e
d tf cbauMj
vmwfjOMj- wyfUoduk ;f OMUrD;ayMbvoDb wde k ;f
nrf b ,. r f ; ok r f ; eMjvd e f tvju. i f j umif b /
ulp;f uMj ZBmbedik jf auMjrD;ayMbvoDb awnrfb
,dOk ;f n.ew f mif;-OMjeB/ ¾

zys. dyr]'ydo
5 ry ,5'b ry
-K;yr9K'yr]wKr]6dyTz6boytx59yrxw:j05b;yt0K9yh *Q xuxwKowt l6bdyr
]Cody o 5 ry ,5'b ry d,yho,y/ d5ory ,5'b ry v,yj9:oxty 9C ]ty oC l
y db6 ry ? voydo 5 ry
,5b'yr ZxGoy,5jxGoya6'y9'yr;Koyh9'yrv5b'yjX lKoy-9yr]wKr]6dyTz6boyt
gl d.kj9K'yj]K9yh,Koyh/ 06dry awKj,Koyh/ xGo0 y ,.y Koyh/ d,ym t ,C ,y Koyh
v,yj,ur? ,ur06,yr,Cdyjd:'yhd5Pyr d:'y]'ysdyr]'yd5oyr,5b'yr? 06,yro6b'yh
p;yt 06,ry o6'b hy ;K'yr-5'b hy o:,ry 05r06,ry l6db ry ,Koyh v,yjl69ry v,yj;wKr?
p5jo5;b ]
y K'yr 9C'ry 0K'yt
z5hv:oys^;y06,yrd6b9yrl6bdyr Z,K'ygdkTX x5'yd.K,yr ZgskrI9krX
d5ory ,5'b ry ,kr s^;gy xkrs<djy ? d,yrowt Zd,yhz:'hy X l,ygt 9d:']
y 'ydo
5 ry ,5'b ry ?
l'y05b;yt;khxGoyd5oyr,5'b yrsG9yr05b'ytooyc9t 9dyrxGoy9K'yrzb9yrpy.j
9K,yjodyr]5'y m6'b 9 y hu ]whm6djy 9b,9yv t ;y9Kw ]5rd:ojy ? 9:ohy l:oy Zx:'hy sGory X
0K'yh9Cdjy xGoy $ awKj z5ho,yr06,yrd6b9yrl6bdyr Zd,yhz:'yhX s^T0dyr;wTodyrglr]wK
o,ty;Koyo,yt0G,yr Z0ur0b,yjX ,kr #Q xuSs^T9dyrv,yj-y.hxw:jzkhpKoy
gxkr06,yrl6bdyr,Koyh,bxyj 'Coyrd,ydboyr,kr9bdyr9bdyrc9t 06,yr zK9yj? l'y;khv,yj;5oytx5b;yh9kjdKoy05b;yt0K9yhgl d:,tydkhv;y95;y
d69
b ry l6db ry Zd,yhz:'hy 2,K'y0,6 ry 2o,yc]hgvjX 0K'yh9Cdjy xGoy $ awKj? ]:9hy d5Pry c9t -C,ty9o : ry ]umo
5 hy ?
Z@X 0:,yr,Koyh Z#X -;yhm5boyj Z$X pGoyrxGoyl6bdyrs^;yx69yrsK'y-K9yj dwr: dkhSZ;wKr,kr gxkrv,yj,ur-G;hy ,ur'kr,urd:',ty ru sCojy l'yp;yct 9tX
zK9yjz6'yz5'ytzK'yr,Kdyj,5b;y sk'6,yrxko,yt-6oyj? dwh: p5jdwh: p5xhy dwh: pKxyjdbory 9bory 9:ory / 05'b o
ty 'yj z5h,ur0oyt z5hd:ory
9dyr]wh,ur0;yh9kjo l6bdyr MTA 05;b ry p:,ry ;K'yr-5'b hy d,yho,y Z+Q8X ooyt ]6dTy 9uhl5;b y
pGoyrxGoy,52o5S okh]GdyT/ 06b;yh]6/ 95dyr-:dyh/ x6boyrsK'yh0kTd.kj
dKoy-:oyhsC'yrz:,tys^,yhowt m6dyj]u,ur0;yh9kjosG9yr';yhsG9yr v,yjsK'yt?
doyr/ d5oyrs<,yr9Koyr0'yj0K'yho,y? gxkr05rv;y]wKrx5jdK'tyx5jcdj -6dry 0y] . hw d.K,yroC'0
y .y 0;yh-6oly kjpK,yh]K9yh d,yrpyj. d,yr]5'y
-KoyrdGxyr'6boyrsG9yrxw:rc9t zy.v,yjgxkr-y.hly.j? voy;khSJd;yvKoyr959yrco,Koyhd5Pyr/ z5b;yjs^T95;yt -uhgxkr9G,y
z5hv:osy ;^ sy ;yr Zs<'jy 20KoyrX v6xjy doy pkj]Cody oy? pkjv;y s^'jy d5op y ;y?t "
dKoy,5b'yrsG9yrokh95b;yh? 9K'yr]K9yh9K'yrsG9yrsy>h-5xyr'K,yj?
z5hsdyT0K9yhSgdkTl6bdyrd5oyr,'yrxK9yh Z]6dyh]wKrly.v:'yjX 0lT d:oyr06boyh Z@%T@#T#QQ+X
@#T@#T#QQ+ ;G'yra'yjo,yt-k

Shan Herald Agency for News 9

 L
rmefjrdybf qkr;f wB;udw
k ;f oduk ;f wif;qkr;f rlid ;f vM;
qkr;f OMUrM;urf;vde k ;f
qkrf;odkuf;rmefjrdyfbnD; qkrf;wB;udkwf;
odkuf;tvj wif;wyfUodkuf;nlpf;vDWD@r.ufU
c'FwUf wduUf qdOl Uf qmwfj (NDAA) rdlif;vM;
[mOfj[Fi;f rM;vdOl uf Ofb/
ydOl jf wMbvFujf vBmj[Aw;f wyfUyDbwkqw d Uf
eefU iOfjike;f wyfo h udk ;f qkid jf wB;y.w;f +ifb wDj
oFifuFOfhauMj [Awf;ymifukrfuefrM; wifjtwb
=Ofve ld W f @D oFr@f VlOd @f / Oef;xd 18 vkOd jf
,ifUurfjekid jf ,OfUokyd bf xFijf qkr;f oduk ;f rmefj
auMj ,.ef;oBmrBmulef;_u.ifj,lbwduf;wduf;/
ZBmbedkifj rmefjurf;urf;ugMb,.ef;oBmrBm
ulef;_u.ifjwmif;rldif;vM;,lbwduf;wduf;? nrfb
,.rf; 4 y.ufj,Ofh/ qkrf;OMUtwU rmefjyBb
wuf;oAifoif-eB/
zljvAyjf [Ae;f urfjz.ijf xwf;omifOMj-
]oduk ;f rmefjyBbvmwfjoifauMj rdOl jf vAOq f mufbrBm
rmefj wdke;f yAefOMU/ wMbrdyfbOMUeBU rmefj
06,yr05b;yr9wroy.r-:dyh-'y -]:'yH[iG,yH Building One 9uh,5b'yrd:dyj 09yrsCoyrxw:rxu,y.j9wrx5oyt,kr ,b5;yh]5boyo5;yH;C,yH[5b;yH #QQ+ c]h
0;yhokh9uh0otyl6'y awKjpbxyrd6,yrz:'yr',yr-:dyh-'y d.kjx6b9yjxK'yx5'yd.K,yrxoysC'yr/ ,urz5h-;yhs^,yh9'yro,y oxyts^;yxKdyj? 0wKrxb'yjPkj ,5b'yrd6b'y
l5'yjsK'yhmwjx:'yj-K;yj-;yh,kr Z+T@#T#QQ+X
10 Vol. 26, No. 262, 2009
vFyfj[efOMj wuf;vBjymufjyFwfj qkrf;wB;
k ;f oduk ;f SSA wif; qkr;f rlid ;f vM;u.ebf ? ayM;
udw
ymufjyFwfjvBj 2 qkrf;auMjudkwf;OMUulpf;} -
OMjeB/
v.ifjeBU qOfj,.wfjodkuf; vmrf;wufU
OMj- ayM;nOfwM[efwlOfxlyf; rdlOfjymef
MTA twU iOf;vBm;yAefqdlifUeB nrfbvBj
wrf;qfg? ayM;rmefjrdyfb qfgUOmif;cdlifjrM;auMj
efg; MTA w.ifjxmrfumifqfg ulef;rldif; ulef;
odkuf;? zlju.ef;odkuf;? zljrD;qefUcOf/ v.ifj
Omif;cdlifjeBU zfgauMjnrfbz.rfU/ ulpf;uMjzfg
nrfb=UOMj qOfjckeo f Mb v.ro f w . Uf oFwn hf Of
ulef;nefref;,krfb,rf yM;qArf nmOfref;
qOfjckefoFif ugMbnkyfbrmefj/ nefugMbnkyfb
rmefjtwUOMj- [Of;cfgjudkwf;odkuf; rdlefeifb
qkr;f OMU? qkr;f cmif? qkr;f wB; SSA cOf/ oduk ;f
rmefjOMjnrfb[yfUvBj? qkr;f olwif;wmifbqkr;f
nrfbrdlefuef? qkrf;ol yM;efg;oAefjrBmvrf
c.ifvkrfjZMU_nar@'dcdlOf@_xB;uljwDj? wuf;
vBjOmif;cdil jf ulp;f -OMjeB/ nefqOfjckeo f Mb
vufUv.rw f ul ;f vli;f rmefj nmef;Omif;cdil jf zfg
nrfb=U? ,lbrOfue d rf mifao zdOl bf =U,OfUauMj
ayM;nrfbwliv hf jB ayM;Omif;cdil jf ,Of/h ckeo f Mb
Omif;cdil jf ugMbauMj vBjxkubf qkr;f oduk ;f rmefjukr;f
cifOBUukduf;=def; awMbayM;wBm/
,.ee hf ef iOf;vBm;nefye A ,
f bl ef;g qkr;f
udw
k ;f oduk ;f auMj v.ijf vFujf vBmj [Aw;f wyfUyDbwk
qdwfU_wyfUyfgUvFefvdefeBU ulef;rldif; ulef;
oduk ;f zlju.e;f oduk ;f zljrD;qefU nrfb,.r;f [yfU
r.ujf eBuh pl ;f nrfbvBj? wuf;vBjyuf;wMyfUg wlp;f
_ukr;f ule;f vli[f Of; q.ibf [Aw;f q.r;f umifq[gf Of;
-OMjeB/ ¾
 INDEPENDENCE

yef[Mumefrldif;qkrf;udkwf;odkuf;tvj
,MjrOf;urfefg;qdkifjwB;
uyf;uBmbyef[Mumefrldif;qkrf;udkwf;odkuf; tvj,MjrOf;urf qdlOf;rFufbu.ifjudkw;f odkuf; yuf;q.rf;vFefvdefrldif;tcbeBU
efg;qdkifjwB;eefU vBjwdwf;awMbw.ifjxmrfqBm;n.ifb (zljyuf;wM yldOfjwMbvBju.ifjumifbrmufbrdkOfjqdkef;,mrf;eefUnOf,Mj
,MjrOf;urf ef;g qkr;f udw
k ;f oduk ;f ) nef,bl vFev
f e
d q
f ikd jf wB;y.w;f +ifb rOf;urfnu. bf cBmaoodOk Uf rM;? v.ijf eBU[efxikd q
f ild Uf [dOk <f /
eifbeB/
w.yfb umefrmufjrD;qkr;f udwk ;f oduk ;f eBU (OMUauMjvD ulO;f umifUauMj
,Ofh) qArfymefyMbwDbc.rf@rdOf@edwfUrldif;rmefj (CPB)
xmrf rldOfjvAOf u.yfjoifrmefjwlufbvmwfjcdlOf;v.ifjOMUuAOfbc.ifj
,mrfjnOf,MjrOf;urf[w A ;f [Fi;f uFruf mefrmufjrD;rM;? ulp;f
,MjrOf;urf? v.ifjOMUuMUcBm,MjrOf;urfeBeefU uMjylefU
uMj OBm;eefUrM; cOfauMjzAOfjrlpfU,MjrM;[mOfj[Fif;?
oduk ;f rmefjnrfbw.eUf wlubf ? ZBmboduk ;f OMUauMjnrfbvmwfj?
rdlefeifbOBm;yD 2005 rM; efg;qkrf;OMUeBUzfguMU,MjauMj
v.ijf eBU[efxikd qf ild Uf [dOk cf Mj</
yefww l jf wmrfb[mOfj[Fi;f ? ulp;f uMj yde k Uf wDj nefqrk ;f OMU
w.yfb vBjvAyfj[Aef;=UrD; 2 ydlif - 1U ,.efUydlOfjvlify.ifqdkifj cOfnrfb,dkef;rdkOf;xdkifvBjqdlOf;eefUtwU rD;ulef;uMU
rdlif;,kefeefc.ifrldif;tcb n.ufbvdufjOBUOMj- odkuf;rmefj nOfqOkd jf qkr;f OMUaouMUcBm,MjrOf;urfauMjrD;? xFijf v.ijf
qmifj[Mv.u;f vBm;nOf,MjrOf;urf ylOUf =Ofqrk ;f udw k ;f oduk ;f ? edkifj ulef;[Awf;umefuMU,MjeBU cOf,lbq.rf;vFefve d f?
2U nefridl ;f Oef;wlu;f wif;rlid ;f nar@'dcOld @f nkybf v.ijf u.yfjeef nef UNODC vmwfjeefU nrfbqkOd jf qfjg
qkr;f udw
k ;f oduk ;f uAObf uyf;v.ijf ,MjrOf;urftvj v.ijf odOk Uf 100% /

xmrf rdlOfjyD 2000-2005 qkrf;ulOf;umifU rldif;OMU rldif;vM;

ydkefzmOfbyAefeMjvdef,MjrOf;urfr.wfb[Bm/ qkrf;odkuf;
rmefjauMj ,mrfjydkefzmOfb[yfU+if;? qOfjeMjwDjc.if
UNODC auMj,mrfj[yfU+if;rM;? ulpf;uMj rdlOfjvdlef
anM@uwfUof 09 eBh u.yjf oifoukd ;f rmefj nOf,MjrOf;urf
[Awf;eMjwdlOfjao qfgU[Fif;odkuf;cOfj,dkwf;ulOf;umifU</
Photo : SKH (SHAN)

w.yfb yef[M,MjrOf;urfeUB uAObf c.ijf umefridl ;f ? ydOl jf wMbrdybf nD;

qkrf;udkwf;odkuf; vFufjvBmjyAef wyfUyfgUvFefvdefeBU

x6boyt9uhokh]boy;kT voypK,yhz6dyjpkhd5hx:dyh/ ;wKrxu #QQ* ,kr

d5oyr,5b'yrv:oydoysG9yrokr]w:x69yh9Coyrl5oypkh

u.ijf umifbeefU-oduk ;f rmefjorfUurfUxFr/f ZBmboduk ;f rmefj

cfjg qdte;qkr;f udw
k ;f oduk ;f [Aw;f ,MjrOf;urftwU/ ZBmbOMU
auMj cfgjtujwlOf_cfgj[Awf;teOMj- OMUnrfbuAOfbc.ifj,Mj
rOf;urf? efg;zFebf vdefOMUauMjnrfbzkufb,Mj? ZBmbedkifj
Photo : Reuters

auMj xAwfj[mrfjulef;udefolb,Mjwdp.yf;_yefwmrfb_
rmyfbrfg/

xmrf vkrf;ZBmbzAOfjrlpfU,MjrOf;urftvj 'MqOwfjqmwfj ;wKrl6bdyr,Koyh-;yhp6b9yrd5;yrdK'ytp;yt l6bdyr,Koyhg9kTv;ypkh,kT

qdik jf vkrjf ZMU (UNODC) vmwfjOMj- qkr;f qmOf;cdOl ;f ,krx6b9yjxK'y0C'yh-K;yjcoz5hl6b;yj-K;yj-;y ,5b;yh _2+2#QQ+

Shan Herald Agency for News 11

 L
qkrf;odkuf;rmefjrkifjr.if;OMj vFyfjawyAefiBmjiBmj? ayM; yAefcdlifjrdkOf; vdrfbtojumefrldif; vAefjawMbqkrf;qmOf;
rmefjqfUg vFujf vBmjauMj vFyjf qkr;f udwk ;f oduk ;f awulOaf o cdlOf;/ ZBmbedkifj =if;,Mj_=if;[Awf;u.ifjqdlOf;eBU qkrf;
eFwjf vFujf vBmjurf;vAO/f ulp;f uMj ydOl jf wMbokebf vBjqdOl Uf odkuf;rmefj wkdef;=Uq.rf; uAOfbc.ifjq.rf;qArfydkif;ao
qmwfjzFefbvdefwlOfuOfbeefU qkrf;udkwf;odkuf;auMj vyf;=vyf;wMyef qdlOf;eBUrD;vuf;xmeferf/
nrfb,.rf;iBmjiBmj? u.yfjeef rdlOfjvdlefanM@uwfUofeBU
nOf,MjylOUf ofbg =Ofqrk ;f ulO;f umifUaocOfj,dw k ;f / ZBmbedik jf xmrf UNODC vmwfjOMjef;g vkrjf ZMUeBU rli d ;f rmefjn.ubf ,Mj
auMj odkuf;rmefjuAOfbc.ifj,MjrOf;urf/ rdlefeifbzlju.ef; xd 2 ? ef;g qdik jf rlid ;f =rfjwkrrf mefjeBU qdik jf wB;orfUn.ubf
iOfjike;f ukr;f urfye kd Uf wDj (wuo) vmOfbuBm; uFrq f r. [f mef 90% yBm? v.ifjeBU[efxdkifeifb[dkOf</
Odef;r.ifbeBU ,mrfjuAOfbc.ifj,MjrOf;urfrM;/ u.yfjulOfydlefj
w.yfb ndie f Old uf mefrmufjrD;ule;f rlid ;f _ v.ijf ule;f rlid ;f [Mudev
f iA Uf
imifUile
d jf ykw
d bf ulejf ref;tvj ref;oifbcMjwBmyFwjf oBmuMU
w.iUf ? v.ijf qkr;f rFubf u.ijf [Aw;f =if;u.ijf umifb/ =if;[Aw;f ,Mj
,Mjref;? ef;g qkr;f ref;auMj qdOl ;f ude, f MjudeZ f ed bf eefh
awMUolifb,MjrOf;urfqdlOf;eBU odkuf;rmefjuAOfbc.ifjq.rf;
wdp.yf;ofgbc.ufjyFwfjwif;erf? vdlOfaoeefU teeMj
uljv.ijf / ef;g eMjvderf mefjukr;f nefnu. bf ,MjerfeefU
wdlOfjv.ifj,MjrOf;urfao cOfj,dkwf;cdkef;ulOfUumifU/
qefUwyfUu.if wyfUtz cOfvjB [Mide k ;f u.iuf mif[if;ulp;f ?
u.yjf eeftvj ZBmbzAOjf ,MjrOf;urfrmefjauMj nrfbzAOjf
,MjtwUtwU? rlid ;f rmefjeBU ayM;[Aw;f twUtwU wde k ;f
zAOjf vBj? ,.eUf ydOl jf rmifbnOf,Mj[Aw;f cdil jf rdOk ;f wMbzAOjf
rlpfUqkrf;udkwf;odkuf;tvj qifbyAefqdlifUeB/

xmrf v.ifjiOfjikef;odkuf;OMU[Awf;vdufjZmifUuFrf;_xAwfj[mrfj
,MjrOf;urf? ef;g xD@OD@ (TV) auMj ydkefzmOfbOMj- zfg
uAObf c.ijf ,MjrOf;urfauMj awwdpy. ;f awyefww l jf wmrfb
idkef; wmrfbc.ufjeuf; qdlOf;eBU [efxdkifqdlifU[dkOf</

Photo : SKH (SHAN)

w.yfb ,MjrOf;urf nefvBcOfjefg;rldif;OMU rD;vBm=;vBmwmif;/
rde
l e f ifb ule;f uMUqdOl ;f ,lbvFev f e d Of MU? qlOd ;f [Aw;f umef
rmufjrD; ,lbq.r;f vFev f ed tf cbqdOl ;f eBh [Aw;f ,MjrOf;urf
ao cOfjn.ubf vFev f ed Of MU/ xFijf v.ijf edik jf qkr;f qdOl ;f
x6boyt9uhokh]boy;kT ;wKrglm6dyjmG9yhsK,yhz6dyjpkh,krgdkh
uAObf c.ijf qkr;f oduk ;f rmefjurf;odOk jf auMj [Aw;f ,Mjolibf cOfj
s^,yhdoy9'yrgxkh]G'ytc-j]5'yr96boyr sG9yrl5oypK'y9'y,kr
eMjvdefOMU/ efg;odkuf;rmefjeBU vAifUOBUzlj[yfUqfgUoB.

yef[Mv.ifjymufbw.ifUcOfauMj vBjtujvdwfj[if;ulpf;?
eifb[dOk af wvBjide
k ;f erfeefU qifbyefue
l ;f rlid ;f zkubf ,Mj
tujvdwfjyef[MumefrmufjrD;? cOfauMj vBjudefqduf;
w.ufbq.uf;q.rf;tvj ,Mjqifbn.ufberf efg;eMjvdef
odkuf;rmefjukrf;/

xmrf uMjyleUf rM; rmefjnrfbw.eUf te;OMUuAObf c.ijf ,MjrOf;urf

aoy.ujf ? u.yjf oifrOld jf vAOf rmefjrM;qdobgf OMUwdu;f wdu;f </
Photo : Harn (SHAN)

w.yfb oduk ;f rmefj cfjg nOf,MjrOf;urfyOl Uf ofbg =OfOMUao zAOjf rlpUf

OMU qdil Uf eifbzAOjf qkr;f ulO;f umifU/ xFijf ydil e
f ikd jf cfjg zmrf;
;wKrxu #QQ* x6boyt9uhokh]boy;kT m6dyjmG9yhsK,yhz6dyjpkh
gxkhdkTc-j ,kr]5'yr96boyr-69yrcsh l6bxyjokhS17
12 Vol. 26, No. 262, 2009
 INDEPENDENCE

lK,y-kdG'yrpoy,oyh/ -:9yjzoyh]5'yt
]C'yrdoy/ 06'y0oyd,ytpoyxboyjxwjx6b'yhvb'y
d:ojy / 0'yjl:ojy ;khsdyTdoyc,rdoyz,: dty oy
0w:hdoy?
lK,y-kdG'yr ,ur]wK]:'yh]wK9uh]wKx5b'y?
lK,y-kdG'yr9uhowh-y.h;kh x6oyhx5b;yhdKoy05b;yt
0K9yh? lK,y-kdG'ry x6ohy 05;b 0 ty K9yhs;yr ;oyr
,5b;yhowt soym6b'y;kh xGoyvGoysC'yrd5oyr,5b'yr/
l'y-/ 06,ry ,Cdjy d:'hy $ 06,ry $ 9:ohy oyr. 06'b hy
9wrs^,jy 95;hy x9yrx6o b ?ty
d5ory ,5'b ry
dKoy]6dyTz6boytlKoy-9yrz5h-.Kdyh,5b'yr/
z5hv:oys^;y/ 9xytl6bdyrdC9yjc-05b;yt0K9yhS
omrfcMuAif;
05b;yrowt ]6dyT9uhd5oyr,5b'yrd5b9yjv:dyj,kr]:oyt
]:oyt? voyv;yl5xyr95;ys^;y0y.-5;yr-:'y'6boyr
9:'yrd,ty0w:h -;yhsG9yrxkr0:,yrgdkhd5oyr,5b'yr/
voy]hw x6o b xty j:w o5;b ]
ty 9 b5 hy lwK0y. ]5,9 yt Kw ,K9yj
0Gxry ]6l,6 ry -5;ry -:'sy o b^ ry gpr95db jy swh]:dry okr
zK9yjpKoy;Koyhl5oygdkh d5oyr,5b'yr/ voy
s^T0dyrokh9uhx6ohy z:ory gl s^,jy 95,ry v6,hy
s<xyjdC9yjc-]G'yt]506,yr,Cdyjd:'yh,kr d5h,5j
d5h06,yr d5hl6bxyjd5hxKoygdkh d5oyr,5b'yr? voy
]wh95dry xGo,y Kdyj,6-,ysxb jy Pkr0Kdyj xGocy 9r
okrcdhd.Kw rg9krdoygdkh d5ory ,5'b ry ? voy9db6 ty
]wh96dp ty KdyhsKxyjodyr9G'jy x5;b ty 96'ry v;y]': hy
gxtdboy9Gdyr9G'y/ ,Kxyj,y.0.yrl:oyh/ dGxyr-Koyr
p:oyrdboy/ 0y.TdboysC'yr]wK/ 9b,9ytgxkTm6xyt/
doyt0oy]5]wKgdkh d5oyr,5b'yr?
06,yr,Cdyjd:'yhlKoy-9yrz5h-.Kdyh,5b'yr
d,yhz:'hy pK,yhs<'l ty oC jy / dwT95djy ]K9yh]5,b hy
d5,b hy Z,K'yxd: hy ,K'y9hu X ;kh S d5ory ,5'b ry ,5o
b oy ,y/t
9xyl t db6 ry ,5o
b xy k c]h v,yj,uro,yt xkv,yjp5j
]wh? 9dyr]wh96b;yrd,ysG9yrg9kjz5h-Goy,5boy
awr c]h ]C9jy / 96;b ry d,ys9 G ry g9kjd5ory ,5'b ry
,5boyo,ytc]h]5boySowp5j?
voypK,yh]whs^T'bory m5xry soy x5'b xy o G y
9uhc9tooyt l,tydwTv;yxboyhz5oySm6b'y9uh
]:oytdCoyoy.rd5oyr,5b'yr Z05b;yr,urxwKr;5oytx6boyts^T
g,k]Gxhy sGory m9yrlK'y 0Cdjy czzb9ry m6djy
]u0kTX ,K'ygdkT gxkr-K'yrx:';ty khSJx5o b hy lCdjy
]Cdyjd5oyr9K'yj0K9yh ,krgxtdboy9Gdyr9G'y
s;yrowt ]wh]6l6,yr-5;yr-:'y 95b;yt,K9yj95;y-b'yr
c]h xGo] y ': hy 0Gxry 95;?y s;yro'yjdoygxtdo b y

d5ory ,5'b ry / l'y-/ 06,ry ,Cdjy d:'hy oyr. ,5'b ry 9wrpK,yr]G;y xGol y K,y-kdG'ry /
],yj]:'hy zG'jy xG'ry 0G,o y r.y ;G'ry ;Koyho:dhy /
syh> ':dhy soy;Tw odyrs^T0dyr0yT. 96;b ry / xdyr,oyh-6;b ry p,y/
pbxry d,ys9 G ry 0:,ry / d6db ry s<,ry xbojy xwjx6'b hy vb'dy ,yp
t oy0h:w mC,dy oy

Shan Herald Agency for News 13

 L
9Gdry 9G'dy oy Zv,yjgxkrxwKhx5'b hy z5h-GoXy ooyt vkok0Kdyh v,yjm6'b p y 'b5 ry vKoyr/ dKoy'Koyr xupK;yr-K;yrs6'b o y oyt 06,ry ,Cdjy d:'hy ,urx6ohy z:ory
c9t xGoy]:'yh0Gxyr0y." ? m,y,0Kdyhgdkh v,yjx6b9yjxK'yjmK'yjsK'yh? 0wh: x9yrzG;hy 9k9oy0oym'b6 9 y hu ]C'ry ,5o b y
0;yh]y.-6oy]y.gdkh]u 05b;yrxGoy0;yh m,y,0Kdyhowt v,yj0K'yhv:osy ;^ v y kok0Kdyh o'yjl'y-0;yh?
okh9uh z5h,ur0oyt/ z5hd:oyrl6bdyr 06,yr,Cdyj gl9kT 0K'yhd,t0 y h:w vkok0Kdyh]5Phy 9K'yr v,yjm6dyj]whv;y96b;yt9K'yr v;yo,yt
d:'hy 9'yr]wK 05;b ry 0:,jy cdhx6'b hy vb'dy o
5 ry ,5'b ry v:,yh]wKrd59yt9K'yjx5b'y9K'yj]:'yh? p:oytx5b;yh 9:ory o5;b y ]:'hy d5ory ,5'b ry 0oy9 t ,C jy 95dry ]6o b ry /
m6dyj]u-;yh0y.aK'ytdC,yrc9tc9t? l'y-0;yh05;b ry xGo] y d6 hy o:'] ty d6 hy lb9ry x69ty 9boy]wK,6b;yrx;yj v,yj,urd:'yt,ursCoyj v,yj,ur
m/ xGoz y h5 xyT. xkrlklok,kr #j*QQ xuxKw owT -G;hy ,ur'kr,5o b l y db6 ry ooy] t kr]kr? x5'b ] y '5 ,y oyr
l'y- v,yj0y.hp5j9y.hp5joy.rdKoy,5b'yr/ 9dyr]wh voyd5oyr,5b'yrd,yt0w:h-;yho,yt'6boyr9:'yrs;yr
p5jo5b;yp5jo:dyhdKoy,5b'yr? ooyt 9dyrv,yj]whsy>hxGoyp:oytd5oyr,5b'yrd5;y
lklokx6 9 y t m ]w h p'y j sKdy h czh vb'yo5b;yl'y- ]6dyt9uhxGoy]6dyh]Koy vkjokjd:'yhdK'yjs;yrc]h 0'yjd,ytmC,y? sy>h
95o b ry d6db ry dxyr,5'b ry ]w0 : 'b6 hy 9wr,kroxyst ;^ xy Kdyj d5ory ,5'b ry ,kr s^T0dyr-;yh0y'. ;yr]wKr05;hy xKoy gxkr]wh]:'hy d,ym t ,C 9 y hu d5ory ,5'b ry Z]5Phy o,yt
xu,5b'yr? dK'y0d.y o 5 ry ,5'b ry ]u];b5 xy o b5 hy / l,yxt o G 0
y ;yhz5h 0y9 . o 5 hy 0yX. ooyt vb'o y ;b5 -y K;yrpK,yrv:'hy 9uh
l'y- l'y-k 05b;yrsdyTlkp6dyTp:'yh xKdyh]:'hy co9K'yrd5ory ,5'b ry c]h,ur]:dry 9:ohy gl 9dyr]whg,kl5ory 96,dy khx:'xy o G ] y hw ? syh>
d,yt0w:hlklokgdkh xGoyz5hxy.TxkrdC9yjc- 96;b 9ty K'yrd,ydt ,C m y ,C 0
y h:w 06,ry ,Cdjy d:'hy ]5Phy ]wKr d5oyr,5b'yr,6b9yhsdyT0,y0y.s9yr9dyTs9yr;kh
lklok ? l'y- owgdkh l,yt]6dyT9uhd5oyr 0b0,yhm9yrlK'y9xyl t d6 ry d5h,5j,5j? ,url6ojy s9yrm9yrlK'ys;yrowtmb @ ? sy>hd5oyr,5b'yr
,5'b ry ,kr? 0:,ry o'yjd5ory ;Koyhd5ory ,5'b ry oxyp t ,y ]wh95'yt9dytcsTsK,yh voy06,yr,Cdyjd:'yh-;y oxyp t ,y0h:w mC,o y khdKoys;yr oxym t ;b6 9 y ;5 sy ;yr
;whlkd5;b ry ]ulklokooyt vb'o y ;b5 l y 'y- xGoy sG9ry zb9ry sG9ry x5'b hy ?0wh: ,5octy ,r9uhp5xhy p:,ry ooyt mb # ? sy>hd5oyr,5b'yrd5;ys;yr Zgxkrv,yj
z5hxyT. xkrlklokc]h x5;b hy 9kjxKdyh]:'hy co 06,yr,Cdyjd:'yh -;yx5otyxCoyt]5oyt]5boyo5b;yd5oyr ,ur9uhd5;y]kr]kr p5;y;kh0K'yh]6boyhdoyX
9K'yrd5ory ,5'b ry / v:ody o 5 ry ,5'b yrp6dTy p:'hy xoy ,5b'yr? ooyt xGoymb $ ?
sC'ry lklok? v;ydK. ,yrl'yjl:oxy 9 6 m ty 0;yh vb'o y ;b5 zy h5 -Gosy d6 ry swKT v,yj,ur0yd. o 5 ry
0dyT06'z y d6 jy a'ydo 5 ry ,5'b ry xw0,: ry lGohy 9K'yr 06,yr,Cdyjd:'yh ]kh]uhsG9ry sK9yr d,yhx:'jy d,yhxGocy ]h l6db ry
m6dyj,Coyh06b;yh0y.h]u'K,yrooyt xGoyokh9uh l5b;yvoys;yr]whg9kjl5h96bdyrg9krp5jowt
x6ohy z:ory l'y- ? 06,yr,Cdyjd:'yhowt -y.h;kh06,yrd6b9yrl6bdyr xGol y db6 ry l5;b vy ,yj,urab'hy x5'b gy -kho:'jy Con-
d:xhy ow l'y-owt xGoz y h5 969 b 9 ty Kw r0bx'b5 ry v,yjd69 b ry l6db ry o'yjdoy/ 06,ry 9wrc]h 06,ry ventional War 0:,yro'yjg-kh95dyr]5'yr
co9K'yrd5ory ,5'b ry ? l'y- v,yj0yh. z5hsxy0 t T.y 0K;yr-5;b ry ,5'b ry 9wro'yjdoy/ 05;b ry v,yj0yh. 06,ry d\uHouH;5b;yH Geneva Convention c]h
sxyl t d:w o5 ry ,5'b ry / v,yj0yh. ]6dhy o:'xty ': hy xwK06,ry 9y.hl6bdry ,Koyh? 05;b ry ]whPkr0Kdyj95;b l ty K'yh]5;b xy o b5 hy gdkh xGoy
,Cdjy d:'hy ]y?. l'y- xGo0 y ;yhz5hvoyv;ydK. ,yr 0;yhokh9uh/ z5h,ur0oy/t z5hd:ory l6db ry d5oyr,5b'yr? d:xyhow 9xytl6bdyrs;yr pb'yh-Coyr
l:oxy 9 6 m ty / x6o b sty T^ xwKr;5oxty 9 6 m ty d,y0 t h:w x5dry -;y oyr. 06,ry ,Cdjy d:'hy owt v,yj0yh. 0;yh0yh. -6oy m6djy ]wh'5'b cty ;h]:'hy v;ydo 5 ry ,5'b ry ,5ob -y kh]bxry
x:'y-:xyj;5'yrd5oyr/ sG9yr]G'yTsG9yr]50w:hd6,yt d5ory ,5'b ry ? xGoz y h5 sxyT0yT. sxyl t /:w z5hsG9ry ]G'ty -khmK,yrd5ory 0yT. d5ory lw?:
0w:hdC,y 9K'yrp,y]wKr96b;yrd,yd5oyr,5b'yr x5b;yh sG9yr]5/ z5hdC9yjc-csTd'yhd5oyr,5b'yr? d5oyr g-kh-:9yjp:9yh]5xyr]6boyrc9t d5oyr
9kjdKoy]u]:'yh]u9K'yr]u? ,5'b ry xGoo y ,t/y l6db ry xGoxy kooyt v,yj0yh. x5;b hy 9kj ,5'b ry / l'y-/ 06,ry ,Cdjy d:'hy oyr. ,5'b ry 9wrpK,yr]G;y
l'y-owt v,yj0y.hz5hv:oys^;y z5h9K'y z5j]5,ry l5ory 96,] y K9yh0k]wK]wK? xGo9 y kj xGoylK,y-kdG'yr/ ],yj]:'yhzG'yjxG'yr 0G,yoy.r
95;dy o 5 ry ,5'b ry d,yrl6;b hy gdkh p:oxyt ;b5 hy p5j0:,ry pbxyr,oyh0y.T96b;yrsG9yr0:,yr oy.rdKoy'Koyr ;G'ry ;Koyho:dhy / syh> ':dhy soy;Tw odyrs^T0dyr0yT.
d5ory ,5'b ry xGo] y d6 hy ]Koydo 5 ry ,5'b ry / s^T0dyr;wT 95;m y x5 ry d5h;oyr? 96b;yr/ xdyr,oyh-6b;yrp,y/ pbxyrd,ysG9yr0:,yr/
odyr dKoy'Koyr05;hy xKoy]': hy ]u]': hy -u d.K,yr d:xyhx5b;yh]whx6b'yhvb'yd5oyr,5b'yr d5h]:'yh d6db ry s<,ry xbojy xwj x6'b hy vb'dy ,yp t oy0h:w mC,dy oy
l6dyrd.K,yr96dytd5oyr,5b'yrc]h -;yh0y.dK'y0y. d5hx5'b /y dGxry p:ory -;yho,y't o b6 ry 9:'ry / xyT. ;oyr -5;b ry -5;b ry pyr. pyr. gld,yr?
';yr]wKrd5ory ,5'b ry ? l5'jy ]bdhy l5'jy 9khl5'jy 9K'yr/ dGxry l6db ry 05;b ry Zvb'xy Kw r;5o0 ty ;yh95o-y r5 m6'] ty o b l y 'C y
l'y-owt sG9yrdKoyxy.Txkrp6dyTp:'yhlk owtc]h d5oyr,5b'yr0'yjxGoy0;yh;6oyrd6oyr ]C'y29K9yjswKrxk gl9C,yhX
lokc]h xGo0 y ;yhz5hsKxyjdKoym,y,0Kdyh? Z0;yhcdr05rX ]5'9 y xyl t db6 ry ?
06,yrsG9yrdKoyl6bdyrdKoy,5b'yrl,yt v;y]:'yh vb'yo5b;yd5oyr,5b'yrs;yr ;Koyho:dyhokr lwKr-5'ry s^;b hy Z#QT$TQ+X
l6oyj]wh05b;yt0K9yhzCoyj]boyxGoyx5b'y]5'y xK'yjd,yho,y v,yjs^T]bdyhs^T]wKr/ v,yjg,k
x5b;yh9kjx5oyt]:9yhv5'yh,6b;yrz5h-Goy-.Kdyh,5b'yr xPkj v,yj,urxwKr;5o0 ty oylt '6 y s^od5 jy 9k9oy
c]h xGoz y h5 sKxyjdKoyvkok0Kdyh? gxkrdKoy p:oz ty h5 -.Kdyh,5'b ry 9Gdry 9G'y v69 b ry s^9,5 ry 9k,kr

14 Vol. 26, No. 262, 2009

 INDEPENDENCE

rM;=Uquf;rldif;xB;
d5hx:dyhdkhd:oyjx5oyts6b'yoKoyr,kr $QS %Q xu,5b'yr ]5b;y]5b;yooyt 9C;ry 0wKra'yjxK'yj]wKj$j#@+ ]dyrduH]5;yH
xwjoxyl t o : jy ]5rd:ojy ? -K;yr9K'yr,:dhy @Q xu,krowdt P 5 ry vb'o y ;b5 ] y d6 9 ty hu okh]boy0K'yhz6dyjl:,yh #)T*% 8
,wh xwKhsk9uhd9yr ]9yrx6'b hy s^,hy o,yl t d.y kh]y. 0y]
. du khooyhooygt l ,Kdyj-;yh9;yho,ytvoyz6dyjx5b'y]5'y (T+$ 8
d5ory ,5'b ry s;yr Zp5jpKxyjdbop y Kxyj]59 b jy s<o-ty Koy0X.y z5'] ty -w ;yh,5'b ry mwr 9K'yj05b;yt9K'yjx5b'y Z]K,yr-K9yh #QQ*X (*T*$ 8
9bdry 9bdry v,yjmK9yjv,yj;wKrc]h pK,yr]G;dy o 5 ry ,5'b ry 9wr,5'b ry ,Koyh
,uroy.r,5b'yrmwr #S$ ]Koyt? okh]boz
y d6 jy l:,hy ]5Phy o,t,y 'b5 a
y Kw %+j_(Q ]dyrduH]5;Hy Z#QQ$X
d5ory ,5'b ry s;yrp5jlK'yhl;yrm'y sG9ry dKoy]'G 9 ty ;5 0 y o .y r.y ,5'b ry mwr -5'yjs^b;yr,boy @Q( -5'jy
ooyt d,yho,yo,yS d5Pyrd6,yj]'yl5hakT okhl5h]boyd5Pyrc]h 9K'yr]59a
ty rw %jQ@) ]dyrduH]5;yH
,K'yz;yjg9v,yj9oyr]Gxhy sGory ]:'hy ,5'b ry mwr]u'K,yr? 06'b hy ,5'b ry 9uhdw
0,y ;oyr95dry ;oyrv:djy ooyt v,yj0K'yhsGory s^T]whgl9kT ;Koyhxuh 9K'yr]59dty kr *)j%Q$ ]dyrduH]5;yH
,5b'yro:'yt 9uhx6b'yhs^,yhawr 05b'yto'yj,5b'yrmwrc9t ]us^T0dyrz:'yhp5j ■ 9K'yrl5; b jy pK'y *(j*%# ]dyrduH]5;Hy
soym6b'yo'yjowc]h xboyjcxxGoy]bdyh9wr o'yjxkh9y.howt? 9K'yro,yt %jQQQ ]dyrduH]5;yH
■ $j)Q@ ]dyrduH]5;yH xGoylGoyho,yr9K'yr]5Pyhs^b;yr
xdyraK'y c]h 95;o
y xyt
g9kjm6'b y QT+ ,uH95;b Hy Z,G9Xty Z#QQ*X

s^;dy o
5 ry
g9kh]:9jy 05;b a
ty rw dC9l
ty y $j)(Q ]dyrduH]5;yH
(*jQ(_j@%+ 9K'yrpK;yrg9kh]:9jy voy-'b6 m y ': p
y ;t9
y ;5 hy $)+ ]dyrduH]5;Hy
Z]K,yr-K9yyh #QQ)X Z#QQ(X

vkp6 (* xu vkp6 QS@% xu d5oyr'KoyrlCdyTly (SEX)

-6boyho5b;y ■ 0wKr )T@ ]Koyx
t Kw ■ oy.r,5b'yrmwrowt d5oyr'KoyrlCdyTly Zd5oyr-wK95;yX g9,ur,:dyh #
■ 0wKr #T% ]Kotx
y Kw / ■ pb'ry (T_ ]Koyxt Kw
]Koyt _ lCoy? ,urs^;yxKdyj %8 -:'ys^;yd5oyrx9yrx6boytxGoyd5oyr
■ pb'ry #T+ ]Koyx
t Kw
'KoyrlCdTy ly? Zg-kh,6ory The Nation Jan 2004X

-5rl:oyv'yrdb9yt
vkp6 @*S(% xu
■ d5Hd5;b Hy ]yl9 b5 -ty \y ZvboHy 95;b Hy oC9Xty ;kh -5rl:ov
y 'yrdb9ty
■ 0wKr ## ]Koyx
t Kw
■ pb'ry #$ ]Koyxt Kw oy.r,5b'yrmwr,ur @_T) ]Koyt/ oy.r,5b'yrd:dyj,ur $T#) lCoygdkT?
vkp6z9ytzG'yj $#T% xu
■ 0wKr $@T( xu ,kxw:jdK'y]wK
■ pb'yr $$T# xu ■ oy.r;G'yr]5'y,5b'yrd:dyj ,ur,kxw:jdK'y]wK Z,kdK'ydb;yjX $ lCoy95;y?
d5oyr $@ gdkT ,ur,k @ 95;y?
9K'yrd.K'yhokh]boy *@%jQQQ ]:dyr-w.j]dyrduH]5;yH
Zg-kh,6ory Nation geographic June 2009X
■ okho,yt #j$$Q ]:dry -wj. ]dyrduH]5;Hy
■ okh]boy *@@j))Q ]:dry -.jw ]dyrduH]5;Hy
cmH]uHa^oyH
9K'yrpK;yr-:xjy ]Co]
y o
b y %j_($ ]dyrduH]5;yH ■ lwKa^ory 0yT. 96; b ry )TQ)$ ]Koyt Z#QQ(X
]Coy]boy9b9yr0xyr ■ ,5;Hy xwKHa^oHy Z,6; b ry m6;b Xy *QT_ ]Koyt-5b'yh Z@@2#QQ)X
■ ,5'b ry ,Koyh Z,5'b ry 9wrX @j_QQ ]dyrduH]5;Hy ■ oy.rd5oyr,5b'yrmwrowt gxkrd5oyr @QQ gdkT ,ur,6b;yrm6b;y @@_ -5b'yh
■ -,yH[5;Hy fuHp5; b Hy _Q$ ]dyrduH]5;Hy s^;yd5oyr9'yr,5b'yr,ur (* ]Koyt a^oyr,6b;yrm6b;yl,yt,ur
■ ]K;yr @j)** ]dyrduHxw]5:rxu;,Hy .yj9wr9uh;G'yrd.kH]],yHx5)+j*@*j+$@T+
b;yH ,5b'yr,g]Hlb\-53;y'b Hhy x9yrx6o
b 9
ty 'yr,5'b ry ?
■ ,g]Hlb\3;yH *Q( ]dyrduH]5;Hy Zg-kh,6ory UN International Telecommunication Union 2009X

Shan Herald Agency for News 15

 L
-:oyHf5;yHp5Hob9yt Z9'yro,y95bdyhv69yjX ● awKjg,kj96'b ry 96o b ry ]K'yr 17.52 18.50 5.6%
■ 96bdyr-:oyHf5;yH voygdkjlK'yhoy.r,5b'yrd:dyj x:9yrl6-6,y;b9yt/ ● awKj ICT 4.05 3.71 -8.4%
lu]5,yH/ lkm:oyH/ ]6,yrzbour c]h 0:,yra'yjc,ho,yt ● awKjsC'ry 05;b a ty rw 2.20 2.49 13.1%
0;yhzpkr05;b ry owt 9'yrlG'hy ,ur #_j_#+ ]'y? ● awKjdkT-wK 5.83 6.17 5.8%
x]bdyh Z9,yjo59yjmwrX ]K,yh-K9yh;kh d5oyr,5b'yrd:dyj ● awKjoyr. ,5'b ry 179.12 189.97 6.1%
sK,yrs^boyrgpr9uhp5j,:dyh @QjQQQ xwK? ● awKjI9krp699 ty m b ,yH 13.93 14.43 3.6%
● awKjsC'ry 'Koyr 25.23 25.80 2.3%
Zg-kh,6ory Raimon Land Condominium Focus, August 2009
and BBC News, 2003X ● awKjab'hy c'h;9ym t om,yH 4.28 4.26 -0.6%
● awKjxwKrlCoty 9.80 8.43 -14.1%
]59ytdkr-5b'yh]C'y oy.r,5b'yrmwr ;b9m ty pkrlK9yj
■ ]59yt-5b'yh @(j$*_j_(@ ● awKjxwKrxPkjl6db ry lk 282.25 301.44 6.8%
d5oyr %T# gdkT ,ur @ ],yr ● awKjxwKrp5j]udo 5 ry ,5'b ry 62.28 65.24 4.7%
■ ]59ytl6oyj95;y $j+$%jQ(% ● awKjs^'ry 0Kdyhs^'ry 'Koyr 4.53 5.10 12.6%
d5oyr @)T@$ gdkT ,ur @ ],yr ● awKrgvHd\CoHy luH 73.22 78.13 6.7%

■ ]59[ty 9yl t y @#(j#)Q d5oyr,5b'yr]:9yh]C;yr

● awKj,6dyTgdk06,yr,5j 14.10 19.13 35.7%
d5oyr *$$T() gdkT -uj @ ],yr
]:9yh]C;yr xkh9y.hx5b'y';yhx6b'yr,5b'yr
■ dkr-K9yhmCdTy luH __jQ)@ ● awKjs<,ry zKdyh06'b hy ,5'b ry 80.89 56.62 -30.0%
d5oyr )(*T@* gdkT -uj @ ],yr
Zi9yt;blksdb9yjX
■ ]59yt96dyT96dyT Z$ g]kTX #Qj)(# ● awKj'6ob ry 9:'ry 132.11 124.82 -5.5%
d5oyr $)+(T*# gdkT -uj @ ],yr -wKT]:dry m:djy x69hy
-5'b hy ]C'y s^,hy 9'yrlG'hy voy,ru ,wKaK'y #(j)#+j(@# s^,yhlG'yh 1566.20 166.00 6.0%
d5oyr #T*# gdkT -5b'yh]C'y (,Of) @ ],yr Zg-kh,6oyr]C'yjS[9ytd\C9yt [b;yH\5;yHX
Zg-kh,6ory Raimon Land Condominium Focus, August
2009 and BBC News, 2003X
d5ory 9:'hy 9G;ry vC;jy s<9hy ,krm6'b y
dKoy9xC ry 99yr0Cdjy cz0yT. 0wKj'6o
b ry 9:'ry S
05;b ry d5hs<'hy dKoyz': ry ]5'y 05b;yr]6dyTd5h,5b'yr,5b'yrl5j9;yh9uh-5'yjs^b;yr,boyl6;oyHoz6,yH
9'yrxu 9'yrxu 8[5;b Hy lCoty + ]Koyt xu#QQ) 8[5;b Hy lCoty
#QQ) #QQ_ ]Cdyh]wKh 0K9yh06b'yh 9'yro,y 8[5;b Hy lCoty ]Cdyh]wKh
lbxyr]Koyt lbxyr]Koyt 0:,yrxu
'6boyrd:'ydK'yl6oydCoydK'y 197.65 245.77 24.3% gvHl\b4;yHx:9yrv:dyj 3,511,427 46.97 -3.81
]6'ry 0:,z y ': ry ]5'y 14.40 13.46 -6.5% vkHl\CoHy 902,956 12.08 -7.82
s<'yhdKoyz:'yr]5'y R [¤5HowKH 5,637 0.08 -7.65
● awKjdC9jy c- 115.02 143.00 24.3% -,yH[5;Hy fuHp5;b Hy 23,412 0.31 2.93
● awKj'6o
b ry 9:'ry 172.91 180.41 4.3% vboyH95;yHouHl\b3;yH 91,885 1.23 3.01
● awKjdKoyo:dyh,5b'yr 7.32 7.70 5.1% ]K;yr 10,048 0.13 10.26
● dKoy9': hy 9G;hy c]h 3.41 3.65 6.8% ,g]Hl\b4;yH 258,511 3.46 -6.92
]GoyhsC'yr ZduH]kHX ,Koyh 52,000 0.70 26.51
● x5dyrx:'yl'y-5,yr c]h 8.63 9.08 5.2% ab]bxytxboyH 109,110 1.46 15.78
a6'yd5oyr lb'dy x5;Hy 281,802 3.77 -15.85
● awKjz6dyjl:,yh 64.97 65.38 0.6% ;C9o ty K,yr 70,251 0.94 -32.58
● awKjg9kTl5'jy 70.55 67.34 -4.5% c-j 561,427 7.51 -15.34

16 Vol. 26, No. 262, 2009

 INDEPENDENCE
s<'Hy -:'Hy 271,735 3.23 1.42 x6boyt9uhzKdyh 9'yro,y z5h 95;yoxyt
d\xoyH 873,788 11.69 2.49 sC'ry 'Koyr 95dry 'Koyr -6boyh]5'yr
-5;Hy iuHp5;b Hy Zd;yr]uX 622,883 8.33 8.21 s^;sy 'G y s^;sy 'G y s^;sy 'G y
mw;oyr 288,482 3.86 -10.20
,5b'yrd:dyj 3,947.4 60.7 1.5
9K'yj,5'b ry 20,156 0.27 0.54
zKdyhdK'y 9,349.4 132.6 1.3
p5H\5xyt 2,132,129 28.52 13.08
zKdyho5b;y Zx:9yrs<'yjX 6617.6 93.0 1.3
ai'yjlG9yh 255,820 3.02 23.54
zKdyh;oyrv:dyj0G'yjo5b;y 11,638.9 193.7 1.6
d\b3;yH,ouH 309,902 4.15 6.52
zKdyh9y.h Zx:9yr0KoyrX 4,875.3 71.6 1.4
p5Hg-H Zv'yrdb9Xty 495,973 6.63 2.42
s^,yh 36,428.9 551.6 1.5
vg,Hib-5b;yH 548,367 7.33 0.02
-CoyHof5b;yH 101,993 1.36 -0.75 Zg-kh,6oyrS]6,yrm9yroxyt]dyr0G'y Zlmb9bX 05b;yt0K9yh
,5b'ys^,yh96,yvg,Hib-5b;yH 412,006 5.51 -1.03
gvHl\b3;yHx:9ry 0Koyr 493,926 6.61 12.65 ■ d5oyr,5b'yrs;yr sG9yrdKoy,5b'yrmwr l,ty]whdkhsC'yrdkhs6b;yM S
vboHy fuHp5;b Hy 365,973 4.09 16.67 Z0G,0 y ;b5 ry -;yhdKoy,j.y 205;b ry sG9ry s6'b 2y 05;b ry ,ur;y]
. dyrmKoy205;b ry v,yj
v5;yHl\GoyHouHp5b;yH 397,013 5.31 22.30 ,ur;y.l'y xCdyjx5b'yhdoy05b;yts6b;yMX
v:9l ty gImH]uHp5;b Hy 332,758 4.45 25.11 0:'yjs;yr,url6oyj]whsC'yr'Koyr,5boyx5boyh xG'yrx5boyhM? d:xyhl'yM?
x:9yr;oyrv:dyjdK'y 324,021 4.33 16.25 m6dyj]whsG9yrs6b;yM? gxkr069yhsK,yrl6oyj]wh? ]whm6dyjx5oytxCoy9Gdyr
vCxyHaib-5b;yH 69,448 0.93 10.79 9G'ydkhsC'yr ]usG9yrs6b;yM? ]u9b9yrg9kj9:'yhmK,y9uh]y. 9uhzy.
s^,yh 7,476,331 100.00 4.0 05b;yts6b;yM? R 0:,yro'yjg-khmK,y05b;yrowt -y.h96bdyrl5oyr sy>hg,kv:oy
doy]GxyhsGoyrs^Tm6b'y9bdyr9bdyr? -y.h96bdyrl5oyrxoysC'yro'yjow?
Zg-kh,6ory Tourism Authority of ThailandX

Jd:oyrg-k"

l6ojy ]whsC'ry 'Koyr

z5h-:,yh-9yr-;y p6dyTp'yxwKT96dyrp:oyr dkh0K'yhm6dyj,Coyh
0:,ry I9krp69m ty mb ,yr9G,l
y 9
6 ry o6'b hy ;oyr #$$ ;K9yj 9kj9'yr,5'b ry
0G,y,5b;yhpbxyrdC,yrg-khlCoyj JsC'yr'Koyrv,yj0y.h-uh-kh"
95;yoxyt-6boyh]5'yr d5oyr95dyr'Koyr ZsK,yrdKoyX
z:'ry xu #QQ( l69ry

l6bxyj,krokhS12
vFefqmwfjqdkifjvkrfjZMUOMj- OMU[Awf;,MjrOf;urf?
rmufbtvju.ifj
nefuMUcBm,MjrMU,MjZdebf auMjyAeOf MU/ oduk ;f rmefjcfjg qd yBm;Olefhtcbtwh-zljcAefyM;u.ifjeefhnrfbulOf?
te;qdil Uf eBtvj wdpy. ;f ,MjvBjndw;f n.w;f auMjyAeOf MU ulOfzljcAefnef nrfbyM;u.ifjulpf;/
wdvBjerfauMjyAefOMU [Mwmif;zdwf;ofgbOMUwduf;wduf;/ ayM;nrfb=UnrfbarMvBm;[MvBm;[Awf;rmufbu.ifjeBh
uljy.ufj qkrf;udkwf;odkuf;cOf ,mrfjuAOfbc.ifj,MjaowMU rFubf u.ijf yM;u.ijf auMjnrfbcmOf;,mOf;?
z.if;,mrf;vAOftwU ,.efUulOfqkrf;odkuf;rmefjnOf,Mj (nrfbyAefumefxdkifwDj,OfhwlOfj)/
rOf;urf[wA ;f wdOk Uf wmif; cOfj,dw
k ;f eMjvdetf vj eifb[dOk f
awnrfbuAObf c.ijf ,MjeefU cOfcwf;qfig ild Uf tOjtwUtwU/ qBm;xFejf an (rlbaq@)

Shan Herald Agency for News 17

 L
d.K,yr9C9hy
]K9yh,5o
b Sy 9C,hy zy,. oyr/ 9K'yrp5j]:9hy 9wr
Speak universally, Write locally: The Shan path to survival
05;b ry ,krp5joyr. ,5'b ry mwrd,yho,y dwT9'yh06;b hy ]6dhy ]K'yrl:'0
y ;b6 hy S 06;b hy 9wr c]h 06;b hy mwr?
95;p
y K'yj,oyr 06;b hy 9wr 06;b hy mwr
d:'ly ;b5 ry [6oyHl5'yj
s<,yo5oyr s¤6;b m ty Hw
p:oytooy gxkrp5joy.r;Koyhoy.rokr95;yd;yj dwTsG9yrsy>hx5boyhd.'y? gxkrd.kjsk-;yoy.r;G'yr95dyjmK,ym6b'y06b;yh9wr zy.gdkhv,yjs^T0dyr?
gxkrx5boyh,krskoy.rx:dyTp:,yjs;yrgl 95dyjmK,y06b;yhmwrgdkh s;yrl,ytv,yjs^T0dyr?
d:xyhooy d:oyrg-k dwT96bdyrl5oyrd5oyr9wrs;yrp5joy.r,5b'yrmwr;kh v,yj9Kxyh9'yh06b;yhmwr06b;yh9wr0:,yrdoy/ 9K'yr]5bdyh]u,oyr ,url:'y
x5b'y?
@T sk06;b hy mwr voy9rw x:'jy 0y?.
#T 9'yh06;b hy 9wr voymrw x:'jy 0y?.
● 06b;yhmwr d,yhz:'yhowt 9wrv,yj9:oyt9'yh d5Pyrdkh 9wr-;yh0y.x:'yj0y.'wKhd5Pyrv,yjdkr ]u,6b9yhs^okjc]h,uro,yp5j?
0wKr pb'ry
-5,yrloy ,5boyaoy
m:'yH-,yH Z9:'yr-,yrX lwh: akT
06boyh05,yr 0:,y-.oy
p:9-ty \w Kr Zp:9hy 0wKrX lwK0y.
● d,yhz:'yhc9t ,krp5joy.r,5b'yrmwrgdkh 9'yh06b;yh9wr sy>hmwrgxkrx:'yjd5Pyrv,yjdkr sG9yrsy>hmwr-w:xkrgdkh,urp5j?
0wKr pb'ry
lC'y,5b'yr lC'ydb'yj
-.KoylC'y lC'o y ': ty
-6oy]5boy Z-6oyf5boyHvoyHX s^boyr-,yr Z¤5boyHvoyH-,yHX
d:'l
y db6 ry aoy;Koy

x5o,ty krv,yjs6'b v
y ,yjoKoyr ,ur]6dhy ]Koy0;b5 ry ,krp:ory 06;b hy 9kj]6dhy 0wKrc]h ]wh]5db hy xoy0;b6 hy 9kj-;y oyr. lGohy ,wKmwr/ ]wh9'yhxoy
06;b hy gokj-5'yr c]h d,ytakT Z9K'yrmwrv:djy lG';y kh -,ytrakTrX?
gxkr9'yh06b;yh9wr x:'yjxGoymwrowt ,urz:oyr]ul'y? p'yrco]wh]wKx5b'y?
● s;yrv,yj]whpKxyj0ys. k06;b hy 9'yhxoy]d6 hy s;yrmC'hy ?
● d:xyh06b;yh9wr 06b;yhmwr xGoyvoy]G;ydoyc]h zy.v,yj]whpKxyj0y.;kh 0:'yj0y.hgdkT]G;ydoy v,yj0y.hgdkT]G;ydoy?
● sG9yrsy>h9wr mwr 0,y0y.doy?
● p'yr0K'yhsG9ry syh> xuho:'mty rw xC9hy 06;b hy xkj]b-;y ,kr9'yh06;b hy mwr';yhx6'b ry c9tc9t?
,5o
b o
y 'yjv5Pry gdkT]ugdkTo6'b hy 06;b hy Zl6[o
b Hy X x:'jy ;kh ZaoyX ooyt x69hy ]wKh06;b hy xGoy Zd:']
y khX/ Z]kh owt d.K,yrmwrx:'jy ;kh ],yr]6xb hy X?
gxkr0,y0y.doygdkh 0K'yh0w:hdoy? gxkr0w:hdoy s^Txkrdoy]:9yhx5oyt xkrdoy-6boyhpy.j?

18 Vol. 26, No. 262, 2009

 INDEPENDENCE
vb'yrd]G9yh mwr lG'yv:dyj 9wr;kh]wh mw:h9wr2,Koyhvoy0y.Tp5j
Coddle  v;yHv5djy v;yHd\wH v;yvd5 ry v;y0.y 0:,yr0y.
Cog ⌫
 luTg]kTr lbdyhg]kT lbdhy -G;hy ,k
Cognition    dKoyHixyH¤5Tr dKoysxyts^T ]:'hy x:'jy 0y,. kr29K'yrs^T95;b ry ,kr
Coherent  l:9yj-]:'ytrdoyH l:9yjd:'ytdoy sG9ry syh> -;yhdoy
Cohesive ⌦ p69
b ry 9b9jy doyH p69b ry 9b9ry doy -;yhv:dyjdoy]u
Coil  -59jy -59ry -5Pyj
Collapse    ]5,rty / p6xry / z'yH ]5,yt/ p6xyr/ x'yr p59jy d5ojy
Collar  x]:dyjg-kH x:djy g-kr gdkj]kjl5b;yh/ g-krl5b;yh
Colon !"#$% ],yHlwTpwj ],yrlwhpy.j lwh]5'y
Colonize &   9'yT¤5dyriKdyT 9'yhs^dyhsKdyh d5oyr9K'yro:dyh,krp5js^,yhdoy

xAwjf [mrfj,MjrOf;urfeMjvdeOf MU
cAijf cFiq
f r. ;f umefoukd ;f
wifjtwb=Ofve ld W
f @D oFr@f VdOl @f 09 rM; o.iZ f mB bvBjxAiaf rM;ueftwUtwU/ t,;rse d Uf
qOfjeMjwDjwyfUodkuf;rdlif;OMUz.rfU=rfj iOfj {jOMUy.ufjrdlOf;nkyfbukrfuefao y.ifbyefcdkef;
ikef;ymifomif; ydkefzmOfb[mrfjolb_orf;_udef Oef;xd 22_11_09 / u.yjf OMjOef;xd 23-
,MjrOf;urf tvj [mrfjuMUcBm,MjrOf;urf/ yde k f 24_11_09 awnOfwmifbvmwfjefg;ymifukrf?
zmOfbyBb. [mifjoAif (TV) ydOl jf wMb{jule;f rdil ;f _ ulp;f uMj OMUnrfbw.ybf oifce kd ;f ? ndie
f Old af cMj
ulef;odkuf; ,Mb{juAOfbc.ifjq.rf; ,MjrOf;urf/ wFyf;wwf; ymifukrfiOfjikef;odkuf;okifokwf;
OBm;OMUwif;qkr;f oduk ;f rmefj cAijf cFiuf mefoukd ;f rmefjao rmefjqifby.ifbvmwfjwDjOMUOMj-
awMbuefrM;eBU rmefjqmifjnOfyef[M,MjrOf; nrfb[yfUvBj/
urf ylOUf =OfOMUao [Mvdil jf [Mwmif;zdw;f ? ,dijf ayM;umefoukd ;f cAijf auMj v.ijf ,MjrOf;urf

umefoukd ;f cAijf cFirf M;auMj v.ijf xAwjf [mrfj,Mj
rOf;urfauMj cAifjcFifq.rf;/
rdOl jf Oef;xd 25_11_09 qkr;f oduk ;f rmefj
y.ifbvmwfjwmif;Zlef@wDj nl;n.ifbrsdefU
(vDbql;tvsU) OMj- nefyOf;,AObf osiF f vli;f
vBm;rdOk ;f wmifbvdujf Oef;xd 10_11_09 eefU
iOfjike;f oduk ;f okio f w
k ;f rmefjymufjyFwjf ? nrfb
[yfUvBj-OMjeB/ vdujf c.iz f jl erf;OMU yOf;,AObf
osiF f rD;=Of[yk jf OMj- z.rUf ,.r;f vFujf vBmjqdOk jf ?
ulp;f uMj ydil cf w . bf z.wjf OMU uljv.ijf v.ijf {j
rdlefyuf;uOfbydlifuOfb/
rdlOfjOMUwif;rmefj =yfUnkyfbuefwDj
wmifU,mef; Oef;xd 14_11_09 auMj nOf
v.ifjeBUwmifbvmwfj/ q.rfodkuf;t,;rsdefU
=OfeMjZBmb=rfbvlrfjodkuf; (MAS) nrfb[yfU?
Photo : website
auMjcAijf q.r;f / ef;g eMjvdeOf MUukr;f ,dy;f ,mrf;
vAOf ule;f nMb,k 50 vlijf wfjg qdOl ;f qyf;
,defU,MjZdefbeefU ,lbwDjqOfjeMjwDj
yde
k Uf wDjcOfwyF ;f wwf;wdw k ;f ,Mjyef/ ayM;uMU OMjeB/ (ylObf rle;f yAe=f OfeMjqkr;f yDbwkqw d hf
cBm,Mj (1) [kyfj,dkwf;clOf;c.if (2) wlwfj Omefjymifb tqjOAi;f wmif, h mif;)/
wmrfbrfgidkef; 50% rdlefeifbuMjcef,Mjr.ufj wmif;vFev f e d x
f ;B uBUuBUrD;cmOfbwdpy. ;f
1 oFef nOf 5 rdkefb (3) wmrfbc.ufj 3-5 vBj,Mj qdte;OMjyAecf i. Of MUwdu;f wdu;f eefh
yD/ nrfbxkubf rFejf ? yAecf i. yf e ld jf ,lb orfUOMjyAef
qOfjeMjwDjOMUauMUedkifjauMj vmwfj c.iOf MU (rde l rf Old jf uljy.ujf zfq g rk ;f vfug MUauMjOMj
OMj- ]wifjtwbrD;yef[Muefwif;rmefjrM; yAecf i. cf e
k of Mb) eefU wkrUf wlOd Uf qkOd jf oAiOf MU
eBU [Of;xAwjf [mrfjv.ijf ,MjrOf;urftwhtwh/ twUtwU/
nrfbyefudefnrfbyefuMU? qlOfjqMjeBU wd ZBmbedkifj v.ifj[Awf;wyfUyfgUvFefvdef
p.yf;vBjulef;uMU,MjvBmvBmauMU qdlOf;awMU eefU qkrf;odkuf;rmefjwwf;ruf;Oef;vdkef;
,Mjwmif;e.ujf _ZBmbwlu;f cli;f cOfjrM;eMjvdef okw;f awMbqkr;f udw k ;f oduk ;f Oef;xd 31_12_
OMU? urfjerfvuk Uf ef;g ydek Uf wDjylObf rle;f rM;} - 2009 yDoAifj/ ¾
Shan Herald Agency for News 19
 L
okdOfjylefhauMjildOfj
To be too truthful is to be unwise
 


(ajzmifrh wf) ¶d;k vGe;f awmht

d.K,yrl:oy,5b'yrx5boyh

The bright way looks dim

The progressive way looks retrograde
Tao Te Ching, Chapter 41
Lao Tzu, 6 th century BC philosopher

lGohy 9K'yrx69b jy xK'yjooyt ,5o

b ,y 9
b6 ry ,5;ry
lGohy 9K'yr-6o
b hy okhooyt ,5ob m y ] :w 'y
];yj06;b jy 0;yhxwKr;5odty o : jy -ib9Ty s^;xy Kdyjxu (
xxty 9;t9y ;b5 dy \b'ry doy %@

Z,wK9:'yr doy %Q v,yj]whly.jxkr?X

20 Vol. 26, No. 262, 2009

 INDEPENDENCE

i
ok@d -
a7;vmwJhay;pm
o#r;f oHawmfqifh owif;pOf pmwnf;csKyfcifAsm;
jynfwiG ;f tajctaewckay:rlwnf+yD; Xmeaygi;f pHk ppfaq; wdik ;f ppfXmecsKyfwm0ef±o dS al wGu a±S@wef; cv& 321 wyf
a&;*dwfawG ay:aygufavh±Sdygw,f? trsm;jynfolvHkðcHr_ twGuf &if;r–; 'kAdkvfr–;}uD;vSxGef;u ‚if;wyfa±S@±Sd*dwfudkzsufodrf;cJhayrJh
ppfaq;aeygonf qdkwJhqdkif;bkwfxl+yD; trsm;jynfol pD;eif;oGm; iSuaf ysmpdu
k cf if;ydik ±f iS af wmf0ifausmufprd ;f ukr%ü uD wqifh iSuaf ysm
vmwJ, h mOfum;awGqu D ae ta=umif;trsK;d rsK;d jyaiGa=u;aumuf oD;wifum;wpfp;D w±kwaf iG,rG f 100 E_e;f aumufcv H @kd ukr%ü rD efae
cH,laeygw,f? aiGa=u;r&wJhtqHk; a&oef@Al;eJ@rsufESmokwfyk0gyg *sm OD;vSpef;eJ@ OD;qif0g;aemfw@kd u wyf&if;r–;qDyrkH eS o f mG ;a&muftyf
rusef awmif;cHavh±ydS gw,f?wm0ef±v dS }l uD;rsm;u aiGa=u;aumuf &ygw,f?
cHjcif;rðy&vdk@ trdef@xkwfjyefxm;&ifawmifrS awmif;&rf;aiGn‡pfr_ iSufaysmpdkufcif;*GifxJ±Sd ±S'efygaus;±Gm OuUX OD;ae0if;vJ
ryaysmufEdkifygbl;? iSuaf ysmoD;xrf;tvkyo f rm;awGqu D {nfph m&if;wdik cf tjzpf vlw
ucsijf ynfvikd Zf m®r@teD; vuf*sm;,ef Xmeaygi;f pH*k w
d rf mS a,mufudkwywf 500 usyfE_ef;aumufcH+yD; cv& 321wyf&if;r–;
vJ,mOfrsm;tay: aiGaumufcHygw,f? ypPnf;wifvmwJh ,mOf rSmwwfwJh bdvyfajroGyfjym; pwJhypPnf;awGudk 0,fay;&ygw,f?
awGomru bde;f tpm;xd;k oD;ESH pDrcH sut f wGuf w±kwjf ynfe@J zuf iSuaf ysmcif;twGi;f ±Sd cv& 321 wyfpw d w
f pdwt f wGuv f J [if;bd;k
pyfvkyfudkifwJh iSufaysmpdkufcif;uxGufwJh iSufaysmoD;wif,mOf aiGt+rJay;ae&ygw,f?
awGudkyg aiGaumufcHavh±Sdygw,f? ±S'efyg iSuaf ysmcif;a'otwGi;f qifbakd 'oxGuu f |e;f opf
wifum;awGjzwfoef;armif;ESi&f ifvnf; 321 wyf&if;r–;utca=u;
aiGaumufcHa=umif;od&ygw,f?
Ed0k ifbm 26 &uf nrSm u|e;f opftjynfw h ifaqmifxm;wJh
6bD;um; 2 pD; jzwfomG ;awmh wyf&if;r–;wa,mufjrufjrufuav;
0ufaxmcJh&w,f?
vdkifZma'ocHwOD;

Shan Herald Agency for News 21

 L
Edik if aH &;
typf&yf SSA qufwdkufzdtm;ay;cHae& o#rf;oHawmfqifh 04/12/2009

typf&yf o#rf;jynfwyfrawmf SSA wyfzGJ@onf a'o
umuG,af &;wyftjzpftoGiaf jymif;a&;twGuf wyf&if;oH;k &if;pm
pkpkaygif;tiftm; 1000 0ef;usifay;ydk@&ef zdtm;ay;cHae&a=umif;
o#rf;jynfajrmufydkif;owif;&yfuGufuqkdonf?
“Ekd0ifbm 14 &ufae@Akdvf&JjrifheJ@awG@wkef;u toGiful;
ajymif;zd@k SSA u vlpm&if;ay;vdu k w
f ,f? Armppfacgi;f aqmifawG
y&d,m,frsm;w,f? uwdvJrwnfbl;? SSA bufub,fvdkquf
vkyfr,fqdkwm vlxkt&rf;pdwf0ifpm;w,f/ ucsifwdk@ 0wdk@vdkbJ
vm;/ Edik if aH &; upm;uGuf rwl=ubl;r[kwv f m;? cdik rf mjywfom;
&ifawmhwrsK;d ”- [k ajrmufyikd ;f om; Edik if aH &;tuJcwfwOD;u ajym
onf ?
Photo : SHAN
a&muf&ef A[ku d qifah c:xm;a=umif; trnfraz:vdo k nfh rlq,f
®r@cHwOD;u TuJhodk@ajym.?
“a'oumuG,fa&;wyfajymif;zdk@ wyf&if; 3 &if;twGuf
SSA u vltiftm; 200 ausma f vmufbaJ y;xm;w,f? 'gukd Arm
wyfutenf;qHk; wyf&if;wpf&if; tiftm; 300 pm&if;ydk@cdkif;ae
w,f? tJ'ga=umifh pm&if;xJygwJhwyfr–;wyfzGJ@awGudk XmecsKyfu
ta&;ay:ac:xm;wm”
e,fajrumuG,fa&;wyf§jynfol@ppftjzpf ppftpdk;&um
uG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf. wdkuf±kdufvufatmufcHtjzpf ajymif;vJa&;Y
typf&yf SSA wyfz@JG 0ifrsm; 10μ cef@omvufcH oabmwla=umif;/
pm&if;ay;xm;onfhtwkdif;wyf&if; 3 &if;wGif wpf&if;v#if 60-
70 cef@om±So d jzihf aemufxyftiftm;&mESichf sD jznfq h nf;&rnfjzpf
a=umif;ajymygonf?
ppftpdk;&tvdktwdkif; tiftm;xyfjznfha&; jy\em/
vufrcHonfw h yfz@JG 0ifrsm;jy\emtwGuf taES;ESit hf jref ajz±Si;f
&rnf jzpfa=umif; - a±$vjD rpf0rS ;f rS yk*Kd~ vfwpfO;D u qufajymjy.?
“usKyfwdk@vufeufr±Sdwmawmif ra=umufbl;/ cifAsm;
wd@k u aoewfuikd +f yD; bmvk@d a=umufae&wmvJ” - [k wdkif;&if;
om; Edik if aH &;ygww D ckuvnf; typf&yfrsm;tay: r=umrDu a0zef
cJ h z l ; .?

e,fjcm;apmifw h yf BGF ESihf e,fajrapmifwh yf (jynfo@l ppf)

HGFtjzpftoGia f jymif;&ef etzu t}udr}f udraf c:,lzt d m;ay;
aomfvnf; trsK;d om;'Dru kd &ufwpfr[mrdwf wyfrawmf NDAA-
ESS rdkif;vm;wyfzGJ@/ 0 jynfaoG;pnf;a&;wyf zGJ@ UWSA/ ucsif
2009 'DZifbm tukefaemufqHk;xm;I t+yD;ajymif;&ef vGwv f yfa&;wyfrawmf KIA ESifh o#rf;jynfwyfrawmfajrmufydkif;
ppftpd;k &zdtm;twdik ;f pm&if;ay;oGi;f +yD; SSA wyfz@JG 0ifrsm; 'DZif SSA wyfz@JG wd@k uta=umif;jycsuf trsK;d rsK;d jyI tcse d qf JG jiif;qef
bm 1 rS 15 &uftwGif; pdefa*smhXmecsKyfokd@ aemufqHk;xm;oGm; acgif;cgxm;cJhonf? Ô

w&m;r#wwJh 'if;wdk@tajymeJ@
a±G;aumufyGJvkyfay;r,fvdk@ tvkyfnDwm±Sdzl; etz &J@ zS&D;tJefzSJ
wyfcsKyf}uD; vdk@vm;uG ´ tDvuf±Sifqdkwm
ajymwJhowif;vm;´ tdyfrufbJ
atmf

22 Vol. 26, No. 262, 2009

 INDEPENDENCE

2010 pdefac:r_udk ytdk0f;tzGJ@csKyf &ifqdkif&eftoihf

'DZifbm 7 &ufrS 9 &uftxd usif;ycJhonfh ytdk0f;trsKd;
om;nDvmcHrS ytd0k ;f trsK;d om;vGwaf jrmufa&;tzG@J csKyf PNLO xl
axmifa=umif; xkwfjyefa=ujim+yD; 2010 pdefac:r_tm; &ifqdkif&ef
tqifoifhjzpfa=umif; OuUXtjzpf wifajr‡mufcH&olAdkvfr–;}uD; cGef
OuUmu ajymonf?
“tckytd0k ;f trsK;d om;nDvmcHuxlaxmifvu dk w
f hJ ytd0k ;f
trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;tzGJ@csKyf[m vuf±kH;&nfeJ@ESvHk;&nfyl;
aygi;f zG@J pnf;xm;wmjzpfygw,f? 'ga=umifeh tz 2010 pdeaf c:r_ukd
PNLO u &ifqi kd zf @kd tqifoifjh zpfae+yD” - [k cGeOf uUmu a=ujim
csuftwkdif;ajymqkd.?
11§12§09 Yusa&mufonfh ESpaf jcmufq,fjynfh ytd0k ;f
trsK;d om;awmfveS af &;ae@rwdik rf D ytk0d ;f tzG@J tpnf;tm;vH;k pkpnf;
onfh 3 &uf=umnDvmcHt+yD; PNLO ytd0k ;f trsK;d om;vGwaf jrmuf
a&;tzGJ@csKyftrnfcH,la=umif;vnf; a=ujimcJhonf?
Photo : KMA
xdik ;f e,fpyfwae&mY usi;f yonfh oH;k &uf=um nDvmcHrS
zG@J pnf;vku d af om PNLO ytd0k ;f trsK;d om;vGwaf jrmufa&;tzG@J csKyf
wGif SNPLO cGx J uG f PNLO tzGJ@ / Adkvfr–;}uD; cGefOuUmOD;aqmif
onfh PPLO tzG@J tjyif tjcm;vli,f§trsK;d orD;tzG@J tpnf;rsm;
yg0ifa=umif;/ nDvmcHwufa&mufoludk,fpm;vS,f 100 ausmf±Sd
a=umif;od&ygonf?
ytd0k ;f wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;onf u&ifjynf/ rGejf ynf/ ycl;wdik ;f /
rE Wav;wdkif;/ u&ifeDjynfESifh o#rf;jynfawmifydkif;wdk@wGif ysH@ESH@ae
xdkif+yD; 1949 'DZifbm 11 &ufae@Y ‘ytdk0f; vHk;bl;’ PaO Soli-
darity zG@J pnf;I ya'o&mZfo#r;f apmfbm G ;rsm;tm;pwifawmfveS cf hJ
onf? xdkae@udktpGJðyI ytdk0f;awmfvSefa&;ae@jzpfvm cJhonf?
o#r;f jynfapmfbmG ;rsm; tm%mpGe@f &ef qH;k jzwfonfah emuf
ykid ;f 1958 wGiv f ufeufcsonf? od@k aomf 8 ESpt f =um ytd0k ;f trsK;d
om;vGwfajrmufa&;tzGJ@csKyfPNLO trnfjzifhyif ppftpdk;&tm;
jyefvnfqef@usifawmfvSefcJhonf?
aemufydkif; wmcJv,fOD;aqmifonfh ArmjynfuGefjrLepf
ygwD axmufco H nfh (1994 typf&yf ) SNPLO ac:ytd0k ;f eDwyfz@JG
ESifh OD;atmifcrf;xDOD;aqmifonfh (1991 typf&yf)PNO ytdk0f;jzL
tzG@J [lIESpzf @JG uGo J mG ;cJo
h nf? ,ckz@JG pnf;vduk o f nfh PNLO rSm OD;
atmifcrf;xD OD;aqmifonfh PNO typf&yftzG@J ryg0ifaomfvnf;
ytkd0f;tcsif;csif;&efaqmifwdkufyGJrsm;qifEGJrnfr[kwfa=umif;
nDvmcH twGif;ajymqdkaqG;aEG;qHk;jzwfcJh=uonf[kqdkonf?
PNLO ytdk0f;trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;tzGJ@csKyf.a±G;

cs,w f ifajr‡mufc&H onfh EC acgi;f aqmifopfrsm;rSm Adv k rf ;– }uD; cGef

OuUmOuUX/ Adkvfr–;csKyfcGefwdaqmif'k OuUX/ cGefjrifhxGef; taxGaxG
twGif;a&;r–;/ Adkvfr–; cGefol&def wGJzuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;r–; 1/
“rlvtzJ@G tpnf;emrnfawGroH;k awmhb;l / qdik &f mvkyif ef; cGerf sK;d wGzJ uftaxGaxGtwGi;f a&;r–;2 / cGet f 0kd ;f ESichf eG af tmifausmf
awGawmhqufvyk rf ,f? EC topf/ OuUXtopfa±G;w,f? tem tygt0if A[dkaumfrwD0if 15 OD;±Sdonf[kod&onf?
*wftrsK;d om;a&;twGuf pnf;vk;H w,fqakd wmh0rf;omw,fAsm”- o#rf;oHawmfqifh 11/12/2009
nDvmcHwufa&mufol ytkd0f;vli,f cGefatmifcrf;u ajymonf?
PNLO tzG@J opfonf cGew f ad qmifO;D aqmifonfh PNLO
ESifh trnfwlaomfvnf; tzGJ@tpnf; aygif;pkHukdukd,fpm;ðyIrSnfh pdwf&if;apwemrSef
xm;jcif;jzpfa=umif;/ trsK;d om;wef;wla&;&yfwnfcsuf &nfreS ;f csuf
ESifh 0g'ukdrlajymif;vJjcif;r±Sda=umif;az: jy.? Edik if jH cm;om; rke;f wD;a=umuf±@HG pdw[f m rsK;d csppf w
d rf [kw/f
“usaemfwdk@ ytkd0f;trsKd;om; wpkwpnf;jzpfatmifvkyf trsKd;om;a&;0g'r[kwf? trsKd;om;a&;0g'qdkwm udk,fhEdkifiHom;
EdkifcJhovdk trdo#rf;jynf}uD;vGwfajrmufzdk@ rdrdwkd@arG;&mygtcGifh awGaumif;pm;apzd@k ud, k Ehf ikd if o
H m;awGtay: arwWmapwemxm;
ta&;wdu k ,f zl @kd OD;wnfcsucf sEidk cf w
hJ ,f? wjcm;wkid ;f &if;om;awGvJ wmrsK;d jzpfw,f? 'gayr,fw h jcm;vlrsK;d awGukd xdcukd ef pfemapwmrsK;d
tJvjkd zpfapcsiw f ,f? 'grS o#r;f jynfom;tcsi;f csi;f t=um; vufwJG rjzpfapoifhbl;?
vmEdkifrSm” - [k ytdk0f;vli,f cGefatmifcrf;u o#rf;oHawmfqifh a':atmifqef;pk=unf
od@k qufajymjyygonf? (mizzima 11.11.2009)

Shan Herald Agency for News 23

 L
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

0jynfaoG;pnf;nDnGwfa&; ygwDu tcsuf 9 csuf awmif;qdk

123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567

e,fjcm;apmihw f yf toGiu f ;l ajymif;a&;eJ@pyfvsO;f +y;D 0 jynf w,f? 0udk,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wdkif; yifpm,l=ur,hf ®r@e,fawGu

aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;ygwDutcsuf 9 csufeJ@ Armppfwyf acgif;
aqmifawGudk Edk0ifbm 10 &uf ae@pGJeJ‹ OuUÏayguf,lcsrf;u vuf
rSwfa&;xdk;ay;ydk@cJhygw,f?
'Dtay:udk etzuy,fcsvdkufw,fvdk@ 0 jynfaoG;pnf;
nD!Gwfa&;ygwD tqihfjrihfwyfacgif;aqmifwOD;u ajymygw,f?
“usaemfw@kd awmif;xm;wJh tcsut f vufwckrS vufrcH
bl;qkd&if usaemfwkd@vJrwwfEkdifbl;? usaemfwkd@ wdkufyJGawmhrvdk
vm;ygb;l ? ppftpd;k &vmwku d &f if usaemfw@dk vnf; rwwfEidk af wmh
bl;?”
'k-AdkvfcsKyf}uD;&JjrihfxHudk ay;ydk@wJhpmxJutcsuf 9 csuf
u 2008 tajccHOya't& 0 udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&wdkif; owfrSwf
csufrSmòrd@e,f 6 cktpm; aemufxyfrdkif;aygufeJ@rdkif;zsJifudkrdkif;
ayguòf rd@e,ftjzpfppk nf;+yD; 7 òrd@e,fw;kd cs@J ay;zd‹k e‹J (rkid ;f qwf®r@e,f)
0rf[kef@a'oudkudk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'owcktjzpfwdkif; vuf
atmufoGif;ay;zdk@awmif;qdkxm;ygw,f? wyfzGJ‹toGiful; ajymif;
a&;udprP mS wyf&if;udt k ajccH+yD; 0rf[ek @f ppfa'ocJeG ‹J yefqef;ppfa'o
cGJqdk+yD; ppfa'ocGJESpfckzGJ@zdk‹/ ppfa'owyfr–;wm0efeJ@ppfOD;pD;r–;wm
0efawGudk 0wyfzGJ‹u,lzdk‹/ 'k-ppfa'owyfr–;ESpfOD;eJ@ 'k-ppfOD;pD;r–;
ESpOf ;D teuf wOD;pDawmhwyfrawmfujzpf+yD; usew f OD;pDukd 0wyfz‹JG
u ,lzdk@wifjyxm;ygw,f?
usef;rma&;/axmufyHha&;/ oifwef;udpPawGudkwyfrawmf
u t"duwm0ef,al y;zdw k yf&if;tqihef @J vufatmufau'gt&m
±Swd yfom;awGuakd wmh 0wyfz‹JG uomwm0ef,+l yD; wyfrawmfuap
v$wcf ef@tyfp&mrvdb k ;l vd@k xnfo h iG ;f xm;ygw,f?wyftoGiaf jymif;
+yD;aemuf use±f rdS ,fw h yfz‹JG 0ife‹J Xmeqdik &f mygw0D if 8˜000 twGuf
5 ESpfpmyifpifwvkH;wcJwnf;ay;zkd@/ rdbrJhuav; 2˜000 avmuf
twGuf 5 ESpfpmESpfpOf axmufyHha=u;ay;zdk‹vJ awmif;qdkxm;yg
wyfzGJ@0iftiftm; 7˜000 ausmftwGufyifpif/ vufeufudkifjynf
ol@ppf 20˜000 ausmaf e&mcsxm;a&; jy\em/ wdik ;f / c±kid /f òrd@e,f&J
wyfzGJ@awG zGJ@pnf;zdk@ pwmawG wifjyxm;ygw,f?
toGiu f ;l ajymif;a&;eJ@ wyfjyefvnf zG@J pnf;a&; rwkid cf ifrmS
0 e,fu vly*k K~d vftzG@J tpnf;awG[m b,ftzG@J rSm ygco hJ nfjzpfap/
bmudpb P vJ yk cf o
hJ nf jzpfap/ toGiu f ;l ajymif;wyfz@JG +yD;aemufyikd ;f
Oya'xyfrusL;vGef&if vkH;0ta&;r,l&? touftkd;tdrf vkHòcHr_
tmrcHcsufay;&r,fvdk@yg±Sdygw,f? 0e,fajrwGif; vuf±Sdvkyfief;
awGqufvnfywfciG afh y;zd@k vJ aemifay:vmr,hf ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKyfciG hf
&wdik ;f &J@ tkycf sKyfa&;0efxrf;udprP mS t"duuswt hJ rsm;pkukd 0 e,f
u wdik ;f &if;om;awGuckd ef@tyfz@kd wifjyxm;ygw,f? a'owGi;f Oy
a'ðya&;/ ajr,mo,HZmwypPnf; xdef;odrf;xkwfvkyfcGihf/ tcGef
pnf; =uyfcGihf/ e,fpyf*dwfawGxdef;csKyfcGihf/ EdkifiHawmfxHtcGefay;
aqmif jcif;uae vGwf+idrf;cGihf&vdkwJhta=umif;eJ@ qif;&JEGrf;yg;wJh
a'ocHawG&@J b0ajymif;vJw;dk wufa&;twGuf &if;ES;D jr‡KyfErHS w _ ;kd jr‡ihf
vkyfudkifay;zdk@ awmif;qkdxm;ygw,f?
'Dawmif;qdkcsufawGeJ@ywfoufvdk‹ 0 jynfaoG;pnf;nD
!Gwfa&;ygwDajymcGihf&ol OD;atmifjrihfu “aqG;aEG;csufqdkawmh
vufcHEkdifwJh tydkif;vJ±Sdw,f/ vufrcHwJh tydkif;vJ±Sdwmaygh? b,f
tydkif;udkvufcH+yD; b,ftydkif;udk vufrcHvJqdkwm usaemfrajym
csifbl;?”
aemufyikd ;f rSm owif;xkwjf yefomG ;zG,±f w dS ,fv@kd OD;atmif
jrihfu ajymqkdygw,f? vuf±SdrSme,fjcm;apmifhwyftjzpf toGif
ajymif;wJh typf&yftzG@J 3 zG@J ±Sd aeayr,hf tiftm;}uD; +idr;f awGu
tcktcsdeftxd e,fjcm;apmifhtjzpf toGifajymif;zkd@ jiif;qkdaeqJ
jzpfygw,f?
at;Ekdif DVB 8 'DZifbm 2009

rl;,pftxl;wyfzGJ@ bdef;cGefaumufae DVB 'DZifbm 15

±Srf;jynfajrmufykdif; rlq,f®r@e,f rl;,pftxl;wyfzGJ@[m a&mif;aewJo h l 10 a,mufavmufqu D wv usyf 3 ode;f aumuf

a'ocHr;l ,pfaq;0g;a&mif;0,foal wGqu D vpOfqufa=u;aumuf ygw,f”
+yD;a&mif;0,fcGifhðyaew,fvkd@ a'ocHawGqDu owif;&±Sdygw,f? 'DtzG@J [m 0de;f eef;±Gmuae jyefvmolawGuv dk nf; zrf;qD;
rlq,f®r@e,f ZGraf Zmf±mG &Juif;r–;b&ef';D eJ@ rl;,pfaq;0g; +yD; rl;,pfaq;0g;ok;H pGw
J ,fqw dk phJ yG pf cJG suef @J r=umc% aiGnp‡ w f m
wku d zf suaf &;txl;wyfz@JG 0ifawG[m rlq,f®r@e,f 0de;f eef;±GmxJu awGvJvkyfaew,fvkd@ tJ'Da'ocHuajymygw,f? rl;,pfaq;0g;
rl;,pfaq;0g;a&mif;0,fol 10 OD;qDu wOD;ukd wvusy3f ode;f E_e;f wkdufzsufa&;tzGJ@ukd,fE_dufu qufa=u;awmif;+yD; bdef;cef;zGifh
aumufcHaew,fvkd@ a'ocHwOD;uajymygw,f? xm;ckid ;f ovkd a'ocHawGuv dk J rl;,pfaq;0g;ok;H pGw J ,fq+dk yD; aiGnp‡ f
“ZGrfaZmf±Gm&Juif;uq&m}uD;b&ef'D; 0def;eef;±Gmuaq; aewma=umifh a'ocHawGu rausreyfjzpfae=uygw,f?

24 Vol. 26, No. 262, 2009

 INDEPENDENCE

vufeufrtyf/ e,fajrvnf;vkH;0rv$J
0 wyfzGJ@tcdkiftrmqkH;jzwfqJ
uk;d uef@wyfz@JG u e,fjcm;apmifw h yftjzpf vufcv H udk wf m
ukd etzppfwyfykdifrD'D,mawGrSm t}uD;tus,fazmfjyaeayr,fh
uk;d uef@&J@r[mrdwf UWSP uawmhvufeufrtyfEidk o f vked ,fajr
vnf; vk;H 0v$rJ ay;Ekid b f ;l vk@d A[kad umfrwDtpnf;ta0;uqk;H jzwf
vkdufa=umif; owif;&±Sdygw,f?
Ekd0ifbm 26 &ufuae 29 &uftxd yefqef;XmecsKyfrSm
usif;ywJh 0jynfaoG;pnf;nDnGwfa&;ygwD A[kdaumfrwDtpnf;
ta0;u 'Dvq dk ;Hk jzwfvudk wf mvk@d ‘0yo’ eJ@ eD;pyfwhJ ppfa&;tuJ
cwfwpfO;D u ajymygw,f?tJ'q D ;Hk jzwfcsuaf wGudk atmufajcwyfxk

Photo : Reuters
vlxt k yk cf sKyfa&;tzG@J tqifq h if±h iS ;f vif;jyoaew,fv@dk od&a=umif;
w±kyfe,fpyf ppfa&;tuJcwfOD;atmifausmfaZmuajymygw,f?
“ 0 trsK;d om;aoG;pnf;nDnw G af &;ygw&D @J ajrwpfvufreJ@
vufeufwvufukdrS rtyfEkdifbl;? awmifeJ@ajrmufcGJjcm;r_ukdvJ “ Armtpk;d &bufu tjyeftvSejf yefvnfpOf;pm;+yD; n‡n d d‡
vkH;0 vufrcHEkdifbl;? tJ'Dawmh rlvawmif;qkdxm;wJh rkdif;ayguf E_id ;f E_id ;f rvkyb
f J ZGwwf ;dk r,fq&dk ifawmh usaemfw@kd rjrifvdk r=um;vkd
rkid ;f zseJ w
f @dk uvnf; 0 a'oeJ@cGcJ gG v@dk r&bl;? +idr;f csr;f a&;udrk zsuq f ;D ayr,f/h 0 trsK;d om;rsm;aomfvnf;aumif; 0 eJ@qufpyfaewJh ±Sr;f
bl;? pwifrwkdufckdufbl;? usaemfwdk@ukdwkdufvm&if usaemfwdk@vJ trsKd;om;rsm; tvm;wlArmppfom;rsm;t=um; }uD;rm;pGmaoG;
jyefwkdufr,f pojzifh qkH;jzwfcsufxJrSmyg±Sdw,f?” xGufoH,kdr_awG usaemfwdk@jrif&rSmjzpfygw,f?”
qkH;jzwfcsufygtjcm;tcsufawGuawmh e,fpyfa'o±Sd
DVB 8/12/2009
w±kyftm%mykdifawG xkdif;tm%mykdifawGeJ@aygif;+yD; rl;,pfaq;
wkdufzsufa&;vkyfr,f? 0 wyfrawmf 0 jynfolwpf&yfvkH; UWSP
OD;aqmifra_ tmufrmS wpnf;wvk;H xJ&yfwnfz@dk aoG;cGo J yfv#Kw d m
ukdowd±Sd=uzkd@ pwJhtcsufawGyg0ifw,fvkd@od&a=umif; OD;atmif yifvHkpdwf"gwftay:&yfwnfv#if
ausmfaZmu ajymygw,f? 'DtcsufawGeJ@ygwfouf+yD; 0 wyfzGJ@
wm0ef±o dS al wGuadk &m etzbufuwm0ef±o dS al wGuydk g ar;jref;vk@d vufeufyifcsrnf
r&ygbl;? Ekd0ifbmvv,f wef@,ef;rSmvkyfcJhwJh p&zt}uD;tuJ
AkdvfcsKyf&JjrifheJ@ 0 ukd,fpm;vS,fawG&J@ tpnf;ta0;rSwfwrf;t& atmufwdkbmvqef;ydkif;u Adkvfoef;a±$xHa&;om;ay;
0 wyfzGJ@bufutxufygtcsufawGudk tav;teufwifjycJhay yd@k aom KIO .pmwGif tav;xm;axmufjy&mY etz taejzifh
r,fh etzbufuawmhe,fjcm;apmifw h yfz@JG a&;vufczH @dk bJajymqkd yifvpkH w
d "f gwuf o
kd m vdu
k ef musio
hf ;kH ygu e,fjcm;apmifw
h yf BGF
cJhygw,f? etzbufu e,fjcm;apmifhwyfvufcHa&; aemufqkH; tjzpftoGifajymif;vJ&efyifrvdkbJ vufeufcsEdkifonf[kqdk.?
owfrSwf&ufukd atmufwkdbm 31 uae 'DZifbm 31 &uftxd BGF tpm; Armppfwyfxdef;csKyfr_atmuf raeaom ucsifa'o
tcsed w f ;dk ay;xm;+y;D =um;umvtwGi;f qufvufaqG;aEG;n‡Ed id_ ;f zk@d wyfzGJ@ KRGF jyefvnfzGJ@pnf;a&;ESifh KIO . rlv t&yfbuf 4
oabmwlcJhygw,f? vuf±Sdtajctaetwkdif;qkd&if etz[m 0 Xme qufvufxm;±Sda&;udkyif ppftkyfpky,fcscJh.? typf&yftzGJ@
wyfzGJ@&J@ wifjycsufukdvufcHrSmr[kwfbJ wzufowfpDrHxm;wJh wdkif; wdkif;jynfwjynf wyfrawmfw&yf ±Sda&;ay:vpDudkom rjzpf
twkdif; a±S@qufzkd@rsm;wJhtwGuf 'DZifbm 31 &uftvGefrSmaoG; raevufcH&ef atmufwdkbmvukeftxdom tcsdefuef@owf
xGuo f ,H rdk a_ wGjzpfvmEkid w f ,fv@dk OD;atmifausmaf Zmu rSwcf suf ay;xm;cJhonf?
KNG 21/10/09
csygw,f?

Shan Herald Agency for News 25

 L
w±kyfe,fpyfppfa&;jyifqifr_ xifovdkrpdk;&drf&
ukd;uef@a'o wkdufyGJrsm;t+yD; txl;a'otcsKd@±Sd wkdif; 0 wyfawGtaeeJ@vJ twif&h +J yD;pwku d rf ,fv@dk ,lqzk@d cJ,Of;ygw,f?
&if;om;tzGJ@tpnf;tcsKd@[m e,fjcm;apmifhwyftjzpf toGiful; vuf±t dS aetxm;t& olw@dk uw±kyjf ynfut dk m;uk;d ae&wmvkd@
ajymif;oGm;cJ=h uygw,f? e,fjcm;apmifw h yftjzpf toGiu f ;l ajymif;zk@d ol@&J@xifjrifcsuu f dk ajym=um;cJyh gw,f? Choksathid Indhanonth
twGuf usef±Sdaeao;wJh wkdif;&if;om;tzGJ@tpnf;awGteuf [m w±kyfEkdifiHta=umif; avhvmaeol wpfOD;vJjzpfygw,f?
tiftm;taumif;qk;H vk@d ajymEkid w f hJ ‘0’ wyfz@JG eJ@ tpk;d &t=um;&J@ jynfwGif;±Sd tajctaeod±SdEkdifzkd@twGuf aejynfawmfu
aqG;aEG;r_awGvnf; r+yD;jywfEidk af o;wm tm;vk;H todygb?J 'D&uf trnfrazmfvo dk l ppfbuft&m±Sw d pfO;D ukd qufo, G af r;jref;awmh
ykid ;f awGrmS ppftpk;d &eJ@ 0 wyfawG&@J ppfa&;jyifqifr[ _ m tjrifq h ;Hk “ 'DrmS uawmh w±kyf 'k orRwvmcge;D vkòH cHa&;awGt&rf;wif;usyf
jzpfae+yD/ r=umcifwu dk =f uawmhr,fqw dk hJ pum;oHawGvJ cyfpyd pf yd f xm;w,f? vrf;awGvJ oef@±Si;f a&;awGawmfawmfvyk af e=uw,f?
=um;ae&ygw,f? CMDNG owif;XmetaeeJ@vJ e,fpyfowif; tvStyawGvjJ yifqifae=uw,f?w±kyq f w dk muvJ ukvor*~rmS
rsm; tcsed ef @J wajy;nDay;yk@d Ekid zf @dk owif;axmufawGudk e,fpyfqD olwkd@ukdt+rJumuG,fay;aeawmh 'korRwc&D;pOfukd tav;xm;
v$wx f m;+yD; jzpfygw,f? rSmayg?h wkid ;f &if;om;zG@J udp/P e,fjcm;apmifw h yfupd aP wGtao;pdwf
ppftpkd;&AkdvfcsKyf}uD;rsm;eJ@ ‘0’ wyfzGJ@acgif;aqmifrsm; aqG;aEG;=uw,fxifw,f? ppf±kH;csKyfeJ@eD;pyfwJht&m±SdawGukd ar;
t=um; aqG;aEG;r_t+yD;rSm vwfwavmjzpfay:aewJh wif;rmr_ =unfah wmhvJ avmavmq,fawmh w±ky'f o k rRwvmvnfwhJ udpP
owif;awGe@J ygwo f uf+y;D xkid ;f Ekid if H csi;f rkid w
f uUov dk f Ekid if aH &;odyeHü @J uw±kyef ,fpyfwnf+idraf &;ukOd ;D pm;ay;rSmbJ? usew f mawGaemuf
vlxkpDrHcef@cGJa&;Xmeu Ph.D oifwef;twGuf pmwrf;ðypkaeol rSv@dk ajym=uw,f” qkd+yD; zkef;eJ@ajz=um;cJhygw,f?
Choksathid Indhanonth &J@xifjrifcsuu f adk r;jref;wJt h cgrmS “ 'Dppf e,fpyfukda&muf±SdaewJh usaemfwkd@ owif;axmufuvJ
tpk;d &eJ@ 0 wyfawGwu dk =f uawmhr,f ? tjrifq h ;Hk ppfa&;jyifqifxm; “ avmavmq,f tajctaeawG xifoavmufawmhrqk;d ygb;l ?
=uw,fqw dk o
hJ wif;uawmh eJecJ sichf sed &f r,fxifygw,f? bmvk@d vJ xl;jcm;&if csufcsif;owif;ykd@ygr,f” qkd+yD; owif;ykd@vmygw,f?
qkad wmh tckq&dk if w±ky'f o k rRwu Armjynfuo dk mG ;aewke;f txl;
a0a±Smuf,D
{nfo h nfawmf pdwt f aESmift h ,Sujf zpfapr,ft h ðytrlrsK;d ppftpk;d
Chiang Mai Daily News Group 21/12/09
&bufua±SmifrmS bJ? aemuf+yD; w±kyjf ynf&@J taetxm;=unf&h if
vJ ukd;uef@udpPrSm vufa±SmifaeovkdjrifomcJhw,fav? 'Dawmh

tzufrwefwhJ ole‹J ,SOv f ukd &f if

usKyfeJ‹vufqGJE+wfqufcGifh&wm
cifAsm;*k%,
f bl ‹dk aumif;w,f

tkdbm;rm; ode;f
*rfbm&D
pdef

¶k[
d if*sm
26 Vol. 26, No. 262, 2009
 INDEPENDENCE

etz zdwfonfh udk;uef@toGifajymif;yGJ 0 wyfzGJ@rwuf

'DZifbm 4 &ufae@u usif;ycJhonfh ydkifqHkcsdefOD;aqmif qDatm±GmYusif;y&m'kwd,AdkvfcsKyf}uD;&Jjrifh/ &ycwdkif;r–;AdkvfcsKyf
aom ud;k uef@wyfz@JG e,fjcm;apmifw
h yftoGiaf jymif;yGo
J @dk 0 wyfz@JG atmifoef;xGËf/ jynfol@ppfESifhe,fjcm;apmifhwyf!¸ef=um;a&;r–;
wufa&mufjcif;r±Sda=umif; w±kwfe,fpyfowif;&yfuGufu AdkvfcsKyfarmifarmifOD; / udk;uef@a'o,m,DOuUX ydkifqHkcsdefwdk@ESifh
ajymygonf? twlqifah c:cH&aom a'ocHjynforl sm;wufa&muf=ua=umif;/ 0
wyfzGJ@tm;zdwf=um;xm;onf[kod&aomfvnf; wufa&mufjcif;
r±Sda=umif; avmufudkif ®r@cHwOD;uajymygonf?
o#rf;jynfta&;avhvmolwOD;u - “tcktajctaeu
0 eJ@ etz wif;rmr_t±deS f ydjk rifv h mw,f/ 0 e,fxJ t0iftxGuf
t&ifuxuf ydkwif;=uyfvmw,f ” [kq. kd ?
'DZifbm 6&ufYvnf; rl;,pfaq;0g;ESiyhf wfouforl sm;zrf;
qD;ta&;,lrnfjzpfa=umif;ESihf rl;,pfaq;0g;ESirhf ywfouf=u&ef eH&H
uyfpmapmifrsm;ESifh±kyfoHtpDtpOfrsm;u yefqef;XmecsKyfYxkwf
jyefowday;cJo h nf[q k .
dk ? ppftpk;d &u rl;,pfaq;0g;jzifh ,r,f±mS
I udk;uef@tay:tjypfzkd@ouJhodk@ 0 wyfzGJ@tay: jy\emr±Sm
Photo : Reuters

Edkif&ef txl;owdxm;a±Smif±Sm;jcif;jzpfonf[k oHk;oyf=uonf?

ud;k uef@a'o,m,DOuUX ydik q
f ckH sed f
“usaemfwdk@ rwufa&muf&wJhta=umif;&if; ESpfcsuf±Sd
w,f? yxr tcsufu 4 &ufae@usif;yrJh[mudk 2 &ufae@rSzdwf
w,f? 3 &ufae@ usaemfw@kd pmvufc&H w,f? aemufwckutoGif
ajymif;wJh udk;uef@wyfzGJ@udk,fwkdifu usaemfwdk@udkrzdwfbl;” -
ajrmufydkif; 0 wyfr–;wOD;u ajymygonf?
udk;uef@vufusefwyfzGJ@ e,fjcm;apmifhwyftoGiful;
ajymif;a&;yGuJ dk 'DZifbm 4 &ufae@ reufyikd ;f u avmufuikd ®f r@e,f
wif;rmvmaom etzESifh 0 wyftaetxm;a=umifh
ydik q
f ckH sed f (ud;k uef@) tzG@J e,fjcm;apmifwh yftoGiaf jymif;yGwJ uf&ef
0 wyfzGJ@ ysufuGufjcif;jzpfa=umif; ajymqdk=uonf?
udk;uef@wyfzGJ@ trSwf 1006 e,fjcm;apmifhwyf&if; tyg
t0if ppftpdk;&qENtwkdif; toGiful;ajymif;oGm;aom wyf&if;§
wyfzGJ@rsm;rSm pcHkwdef,drf;OD;aqmifonfh NDA - K rS wyf&if; 3
&if;trSwf 1001§ 1002 §1003 jzpf+yD;/ OD;xGef;ausmf OD;aqmif
onfh u&ifeDjynfvlrsKd;aygif;pHkvGwfvyfa&;wyfOD; (uvvw)
1004 wdk@jzpf=uonf?
o#r;f oHawmfqifh 10/12/2009

wdkif;&iff;om;jy\emajz±Sif;EdkifygrS 0 eJ‹ Arm t±SKyf w±kwaf cgif;cJ

wdkif;&if;om; ¡EdkifiHa&;&ydkifcGifhuif;rJhr_uae pwifcJhwJh¢
yËdyuQ[m jrefrmjynf&J@ wu,fhtajccHjy\emjzpfw,fqdkwm e,fpyfu 0 wyfupd aP wGu jywfwmrSr[kwb f eJ @J ? 0 awG
udk Edik if w
H umtodik ;f t0dik ;f u od±o dS abmaygurf o _ yd rf ±Sad o;bl; okH;aomif;avmuf vufeufukdif±Sdw,fqkdawmh olue,fpyfvkHòcH
vdk@ usaemfxifw,f? 'Drdkua&pDta&;/ ppftkyfcsKyfr_ qef@usifa&; a&;wyfvJ tvkyrf cHEidk b f ;l rav#mb
h ;l av? rav#mah wmh w±kwu f
qdwk mawGe@J E_id ;f pm&ifayg?h wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkrsm;&J@ jy\emudk Armta=umif;vJow d ,f/ 67 u w±kw-f Armt"du±k%;f jzpfovkd
rajz±Sif;Edkifbl;qdk&if jrefrmjynf&J@ us,fjyef@eufeJwJh jy\emudk jzpfuek &f if 'gow
l @dk taeeJ@ taecuftajymcufoabmrsK;d a&muf
ajz±Sif;EdkifrSmr[kwfbl;? oGm;Ekdifw,fav? w±kwfuvnf; 'g oabmaygufw,f?

p0f[efa,mifa[G@ ocifcsefxGef;
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;aumifpD - t}uHay;yk*~dKvf RFA 16.12.09
(DVB 24.11.2009)

Shan Herald Agency for News 27

 L
etz pdwf"gwfppfqifa&;Xmeu 0 e,fajrawmif;qdkr_udkwefjyef
vm;±_;d ta±S@ajrmufyikd ;f wdik ;f ppfXmecsKyf pdw"f gwpf pfqif aomtcg 0 vlrsKd; &mcdkifE_ef; 60 ausmfwkd;vmonf[kqkd.?
a&;Xme. 'DZifbmvqef;ykid ;f av;vywftpnf;ta0;Y UWSP ppfa&;ESifhEdkifiHa&;t& tqdkyg a'orsm;udk awmif;qdkjcif;
/ UWSA . e,fajrawmif;qdr kt
_ ay:wefjyefonft h aejzifh ppfwyf jzpfa=umif; 0 wyfzGJ@ESifh eD;pyfolwpfOD;u ,ckvdk ajymjyonf?
twGif;0g'jzef@aea=umif;od&onf? “rkid ;f ayguf eJ@ rkid ;f zseJ f 'DEpS cf k jyoemu rkid ;f zseJ u
f akd y;vduk f
2008 zGJ@pnf;yHkt& 0 udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&wkdif;tjzpf ®r@ &if 0 wyfe@J rdik ;f vm;wyfz@JG qufpyfrj_ ywfomG ;r,f? ajrtaetxm;
e,f 6 ckowfrw S xf m;onft h csuaf y: 0 wyfz@JG rauseyfojzifh e,f t& rH;k aygu®f r@e,f[m (0 A[d)k yefqef;twGuf ppfa&;t&tcsuf
ajrxyfraH wmif;qdrk t _ ay: ppfwyfatmufajcydik ;f txdcsjya=umif; tjcmusw,f ”
&rcppfwyftodkif;t0dkif;u ajymjyonf? “rkdif;aygufeJ@rkdif;zsJefu 1971 rSmvGyfajrmufcJhw,f? rlv
Auy xHrS Armppfwyf wdu k cf u
kd o
f rd ;f ,lEidk cf ahJ om armfzgS h uawmh 0a'or[kwb f ;l ? 0 tenf;pkjzpfw,f? trsm;pku vm;[l
a'oudk txl;tcGit hf a&;ay;onft h aejzifh 0e,fajrxJ xnfo h iG ;f eJ@±Srf;? tckcsdefrSmawmh 0 vlOD;a&u trsm;pkjzpfoGm;+yD? 2008 zGJ@
ay;xm;onfh =um;u 0 wd@k ESirhf qdik af om e,fajrrsm;xyfawmif; pnf;yHkt&qdk&if rkdif;zsJefu rkdif;,ef;®r@e,fxJygr,f? rkdif;aygufu
jcif;onf vlyg;0jcif;jzpfonf[k ajymqdk a=umif; ppfwyfEiS ehf ;D pyfol rkdif;cwf®r@e,fxJygoGm;r,f? tm;vHk;u usKdif;wHkc±dkifxJrSm? 0 u
wpfOD;uqdkonf? ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm tkyfcsKyfvmwJhatmufrSm vlxkvJ olwdk@vlxkjzpf
“olwdk@udk 6 ®r@e,fawmifay;xm;w,f? 1980 wkef;u oGm;+yD? 0 rdom;pkawGjzpfoGm;+yD ”[k ajymonf?
igwkd@wkduf,lxm;wJh rufref;®r@e,fawmifxyfay;ao;w,f? xdkif;e,fpyf±dS 0 awmifydkif;wyfzGJ@e,fajrudk 0wyfzGJ@
'Dvdkay;xm;&ufom;eJ@twGef@xyfwufwm? 0awGuoufouf awmif;&jcif;rSm ArmppfwyfxHvufeufcsoGm;onfh cGefqmwyf
vlyg;0wm ” [k qdka=umif; ajymjyonf? rsm;ESiw hf u
kd cf u kd pf Of 0 wyfom;axmifcst D oufay;&jcif;/a±$@ajymif;
Ed0k ifbm 14 &uf wef@,ef;®r@Y p&zn¸ecf sKyf 'k Adv k cf sKyf}u;D oGm;aom 0wyfrsm;. pD;yGm;a&;t&&if;ES;D ðr‡yEf rHS r_ sm; wnfaqmuf
&JjrifhESifh 0 acgif;aqmifrsm;awG@qHkpOf rdkif;ayguf rdkif;zsJef®r@e,fESifh xm;r_rsm;jym;pGm±Sdaejcif;wkd@jzpfa=umif; od&onf?
xdkif;e,fpyf±dS awmifydkif; 0wyfzGJ@e,fajrrsm;udkyg awmif;qdkcJhjcif; 'DZifbmvqef;ydik ;f 0 A[dak umfrwD tpnf;ta0;qH;k jzwf
jzpfonf? csufrsm;udk atmufajcwyfrsm;odk@csjy&mYArmppfwyf.wdkif;&if;
awmif;qdkr_aemufydkif; ESpfbufwif;rmr_rsm;xyfjzpfvm om;rsm;tay: aoG;cGJr_udkowdxm;&efESifhpnf;vHk; nD!Gwf=u&ef
um ,ckudpPtay: ppfwyftwGif;omruvlpnfum;&maps;rsm; v_@H aqmfxm;a=umif; od&onf?
twGi;f pmuyfjcif;rsm;ygus,jf yef@pGmvkyaf qmifvmonf[o k &d onf? vufeufudkif tiftm;awmifhwif;aom 0 jynfaoG;pnf;
“pmxJrmS 0awG vlyg;0w,fayg?h 0 vJbJ vlrsK;d }uD;pdw±f Sd nDnGwfa&;ygwD. xdef;csKyfr,fajrudk etz 2008 zGJ@pnf;yHku
w,f? 0 a'orSm vm;[lawGudk ESdyfpufw,fqdkwmwdk@ pmawG ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&wkdif;tjzpfay;cJhaomfvnf; ucsifjynfwGif
vdkufuyfw,f” [k qdo k nf? ordik ;f pOfqufe,fajra'oESiv hf rl sK;d tcdik t
f rm±daS om(ppfuidk ;f wkid ;f §
1971 twGif;u Auyu rdkif;ayguf rdkif;zsJef a'otm; ucsifjynf)o#rf;vlrsdK;rsm;.udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&; awmif;qdkr_ukdrl
ArmppfwyfxrH w S ukd cf ukd of rd ;f ,lcphJ Ofua'owGi;f vm;[lvrl sK;d t etznDvmcHu vspfvsL±_cJhonf?
rsm;pkaexdkifaomfvnf; 0 tkyfcsKyfr_atmuf tESpf 40 =umvm o#r;f oHawmfqifh 11/12/2009

e,fjcm;apmifhwyfrjzpfvdkyg
typftcwf&yfpaJ &; wkid ;f &if;om;vufeufuidk f wyfz@JG awG e,fjcm;apmifw
h yftjzpfe@J ajymif;vJ+y;D olw@dk &J@ =oZm t±Sed t
f 0gatmuf
oGwfoGif;r,fhtpDtpOftwkdif;vkdufem taumiftxnfazmfzkd@ etzt}uD;tus,fzdtm;ay;aeygw,f?
'ga=umifh +idrf;tzGJ@vkd@ac:wJh typftcwf&yfpJxm;wJh tzGJ@ awGt=um; uGJvGJr_awG r+idrf;csrf;r_awGjzpfay:aeygw,f? tiftm;
av;ig;axmifavmuf±SdwJh typf&yf SSA wyfzGJ@xJu 200 avmufbJ e,fajrapmifhwyfvkyfr,fvkd@qkdwJhtwGuf etz bufu 'Dta&
twGuf ukd rauseyfvkd@zdtm;ay;r_awG ykdrkdvkyfaeyg w,f?
VOB 17/12/2009

28 Vol. 26, No. 262, 2009

 INDEPENDENCE

ppfa&;
udk;uef@xdk;ppfY OD;aqmifol ArmAdkvfrSL;}uD; '%f&m&cJh
=o*kwfvukefydkif;u o#rf;jynfajrmufydkif; udk;uef@ txl;
a'o (1) +idr;f csr;f a&;wyfz@JG rsm;tm; wdu k f cduk &f mwGif OD;aqmifco
ArmppfwyfrS Adkvfr–;}uD;wpfOD;onf wdkufyGJtwGif; vufeuf}uD;
usnx f rd eS cf ahJ =umif; ,ckro
S &d onf?
xdpk Ofu o#r;f jynf (ajrmufyikd ;f ) odE®DM r@(qJe0f )D tajcpdu k f
puc (16) rS wyf&if; 4 &if;uGyfuJ&ol enf;AsL[m 3 r–; Adkvfr–;
}uD; wifvSOD;onf udk;uef@wyfpcef;wpfckudk udk,fwdkifOD;aqmif
wduk cf u
kd af epOf 4if;.nmbufaygif vufeuf}uD;usnf xdreS cf jhJ cif;
jzpfonf?
=o*kwf 29 &ufae@ eHeufydkif;u udk;uef@wyfzGJ@ umuif;
pcef;ukef;tm; Armwyfr–;rsm;uGyfuJaom cv& 242 cv& 241
cr& 522 ESifh cr& 586 wyf&if; 4 &if;wdk@rS yg0ifwdkufcdkufcJh=u&m
aemufxyf Armt&m±dS ppfonftrsm;tjym;vnf;xdcu
rsm;&±dcS =hJ ua=umif; Armppfwyfrv S monfu h ;kd uef@wdu
k yf t
owif;t& od&onf?
tqdkyg wdkufyGJtwGif; yg0ifcJhonfh cr& 522 wyf&if;r–;
hJ l 'kr–;}uD; 0if;EdkifrSm rsufvkH;atmufwGifvufeuf}uD; usnfpxdrSef
cJha=umif;ESifh aemufxyftjcm;tqifh ppfAdkvf 10 OD;xufrenf;
vnf; 'g%f&mrsm;&±dS oGm;a=umif;od&onf ?
ud;k uef@wdu k yf t
JG +yD; etzppfwyfbufrS w&m;0ifxw k jf yef
csut f & wyfrawmfom; usq;kH 11 OD; 'g%&f m& 34 OD; / &Jwyfz@JG 0if
usqHk; 15 OD; 'g%f&m& 13 OD; ±dSa=umif;qdkxm;aomfvnf; t&m±dS
}uD;rsm;usq;kH 'g%&f m&±do S nfo h wif;udrk l tao;pdwaf z: jyjcif;r±dS
cJhay?
ArmppfwyfrS =o*kwf 27 &ufrS vukefydkif;txd udk;uef@
txl;a'o (1) e,fajrwpfckvHk;udk tiftm;tvHk;t&if;jzifh
xdk;ppfqifwdkufcdkufcJhjcif;jzpfonf?Ô
kd f '%f&m o#r;f oHawmfqifh 18/12/2009
JG a=umif;

udk;uef@ta&;tcif; zkef=um;±Sif;&ifzGifhoH Irrawaddy - September issue

Ô =o*wfhpf 8 &uf 2009 rSpI Adkvfoef;a±$ppftkyfpk.

ta=umif;±SmpGyfpGJr_pwifcH&?
Ô udk;uef@a'o. rl;,pfaq;0g; wdkufzsufESdrfeif;a&;
atmifjrifr_udk UN uvnf;todtrSwfðycJh?
Ô Armppfwyfonfvnf; vlrsKd;pkwpk. ppfwyfjzpfaom
a=umifhol@csnf;bJ Twdkif;jynfudk udk,fpm;ðycGifhr±Sd?
Ô =o*wfpf 27 &ufY rdr. d a'ocHvxl uk kd qef@usiw
f u
kd cf u
kd f
&ef jiif;qefaomvli,frsm; pufaoewfjzifhypfowfcH&?
rdrw
d @kd . vufeufpuf±u Hk pd u
P kd ,cifuwnf;u etzwyfaumif;
Photo : SHAN

aumif;od±SdcJhonfomru 0ifa&mufvnfywfr_yif±SdcJh? ,ckawmh

'if;wdk@u rdrdwdk@tm;&ef±Smwdkufcdkuf&ef xdktcsufudk,r,f±Sm t
jypfzdk@ pGyfpGJ? Ô rdrw
d @kd r[mrdww f yfaygi;f pk (PDF) onf cufc=J uyfwnf;
r_udk&ifqdkifajz±Sif;yHhydk;&ef tiftm;rvHkavmuf?
Ô Edik if w
H umtodik ;f t0dik ;f . wdu
k w
f eG ;f r_EiS hf vufwyJG ;l aygi;f
r_a=umifh o#rf;jynf+idrf;csrf;a&;txl;a'o 4 ckp vHk; bdef; Ô etzppfwyfu ud;k uef@ wyfz@JG udw k u
kd cf u
dk &f efa±G;jc,f&jcif;
pdu
k yf sK;d r_uif;pifc?hJ od@k aomfetz ppfwyfxed ;f csKyfonfeh ,fajra'o onf rdrwd @kd w±kwv
f rl sK;d jzpfaoma=umif?h etztzd@k w±kwf
wGirf l {&d,mtus,t f 0ef;tm;jzifh 250˜000 rl;ausmb f ed ;f pdu
k yf sK;d . ±kyfao;tpdk;&r[kwfa=umif; tar&duefudk taxmuftxm;
aeqJ? jyooifh? Ô

Shan Herald Agency for News 29

 L
aoG;xGufoH,dkrjzpfap&ef w&kwf 'kAdkvfcsKyf}uD;u
etzAdkvfcsKyfrsm;tm; ajzmif;zs o#rf;oHawmfqifh 15/12/2009

'DZifbm 5 &uf w±kwjf ynfo@l vGwaf jrmufa&;wyfrawmf etzppfwyfESifhwdkif;&if;om;wyfzGJ@rsm; vufeufudkifyËd

csdef'l;ppfa'ot}uD;tuJ 'kwd, AdkvfcsKyf}uD; tdkuf[l±Sdef; (Ai yuQrjzpfymG ;a&;twGuf tdu k [f ±l edS ;f u ,ckc&D;pOfwiG f etzppfAv kd f
HuSheng) OD;aqmifaomudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@. jrefrmjynfc&D;pOf csKyfrsm;tm; ajzmif;zsvkdjcif;jzpfEdkifa=umif; OD;atmifausmfaZmu
wGif o#rf;jynftajcpdkuf etzppfwdkif;rª;rsm;ESifh awG@qHkcJh a=umif; ,ckvdkoHk;oyfonf?
'DZifbm 11 &ufxkwf etzowif;pmY a&;om;xm;onf? “ol@c&D;pOfu odyo f od mygw,f e,fjcm;a'o trsK;d om;
vufeufuikd w f yfz@JG awGe@J vufeufuikd yf ËdyuQjzpfymG ;Edik wf hJ tvm;
tvmtay: jrifaewJah tmufrmS =um;0ifjzefajzwJo h abm jzpfEikd f
w,f”
“0 vlrsKd;pk 7 odef;ausmf±SdwJhtxJrSm 3 odef;ausmfu
w±kwb f ufrmS ±dw
S ,f? w±kwjf ynfe@J jrefrmjynfxu J 0 trsK;d om;
acgif;aqmifawG qufpyfr_utawmf}uD;rm;w,f? 'ga=umifh
udk;uef@vdkrsKd; rsufESmvGJ cJypfvkyfvdk@r&bl;? olqEN±dSonfjzpfap
r±do
S nfjzpfap tckupd u P olu, kd w f ikd w
f pfpw
kH pf&m0ifa&muf ygwf
ouf&r,f? 'ga=umifhrdk@ ,leefppfa'or–;vmwm óudwifnd‡Ed_if;wJh
oabm? +yD;rSol@xuf}uD;wJhppfOD;pD;rª;vmwm/ 'Dtaetxm;
Photo : website

atmufrmS =um;0ifjzefajzwJh taetxm;rsK;d jzpfEikd w f ,f” vd@k olu

'k - AdkvfcsKyf}uD; tdkuf[l±Sdef; (Ai HuSheng) vuf,mvl
tqdyk gc&D;pOfwiG f 'DZifbm 7 &ufu =uyfajy;aejynfawmf
Y o#r;f jynfppfwikd ;f 3 wdik ;f OD;pD;uGyu f &J ol 'k Adv k cf sKyf}u;D rif;atmif
vd_ifESifh awG@qHkcJhonf?
‚if;tjyif usKid ;f wHt k ajcpdu k f }wd*w H ikd ;f rª; Advk cf sKyfausm®f z;
ta±S@ajrmufydkif; wdkif;rª; AdkvfcsKyf atmifoef;xGËf wdk@ESifhvnf;
'DZifbmv 6 &ufESifh 8 &ufae@rsm;Y awG@qHkcJhonf?
,ckawG@qHrk t _ wGi;f w±kwef ,fpyf wav#muf±Sd vufeuf
udik w
f yfz@JG rsm;udpP aqG;aEG;zG,±f adS =umif; avhvmolrsm;u oH;k oyf
=uonf?
etzppfwyfu w±kwef ,fpyf±Sd wdik ;f &if;om;vufeufuikd f
wyfz@JG rsm;tm; 'DZifbmvukeaf emufq;kH xm;I e,fjcm;apmifw
ajymif;vJz@JG pnf;a&;ta=umif;jyef&ef&mZoHay;xm;csed Ef iS w
aeonf?
w±kwf 'kw, d Advk cf sKyf}uD;tduk [f ±l edS ;f onf wdbuf/ auG@
óud;/ pDc|rf;/ csdef'l;/ ,leefponfh jynfe,f 5 ck. ppfa'ot}uD;
tuJwpfOD;jzpf+yD; ‚if;.c&D;pOfrwdkifrD ,leefjynfe,f ppfa'orª;
wpfOD;u Edk0ifbmvv,fydkif;Y aejynfawmftygt0if vm;±_d;
ppfwdkif;r–;ESifh awG@qHkcJhao;a=umif;od&onf?
ajymonf?
w±kwftpdk;&rS wdkufyGJrsm; rjzpfyGm;ap&efwm;onfh=um;
u ArmppfwyfrS udk;uef@wyfzGJ@tm; 0ifa&mufwdkufcdkufcJhojzifh
w±kwftpdk;&twGuf rsufESmysufp&mjzpfcJh&onf? Ô
0 udk etzzJch zJG ‹dk rvG,f
“ukd;uef@wkd@/ yavmifwkd@ukd vufeuftwif;ðzwfodrf;
ovkd 0 ukd oGm;vkyfvkd@rSrvG,fwm? 0 ukd ppfa&;t& usL;ausmf
wkdufckduf&ifvnf; tjcm;typf&yftzGJ@awGukdyg etzu ppfa=u
nmovkd jzpfoGm;vdrfhr,f? etzukd jyefwkdufzkd@ 0 rSm tiftm;
tvkHtavmuf &Sdw,f”
h yf “etzu 0wyfzGJ@&J@ twGif;a&;ukd zJhcGJzkd@rvG,fbl;?
hf u
kd qf ikd f Leadership tykdif;rSm 0 u tjcm;tzGJ@awGxufpm&if ykd+yD;ckdifrm
w,f? rGefjynfopftwGufawmh ykdowdxm;&r,fav? etzqkd
wm u vlwa,mufukdawmifrS ESpfykdif;ykdif;vkd@&&ifykdif;zkd@óud;pm;
rSmyJ? wa,mufeJ@wa,muf,kH=unfr_ ysufjym;vmatmif vkyf
r,f? 'guppfa&;xuf ykx d ad &mufreS ;f vnf;etzu odxm; w,f?”
rkdiftkdufzkef; PSLF 22/10/09

30 Vol. 26, No. 262, 2009

 INDEPENDENCE

ppfa&;
ppfa&;r[mAsL[mt& o#rf;jynfwGif; rD;&xm;vrf;azguf
jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; rD;&xm;vrf;azgufvkyfa&; tpDtpOf vrf; 350 uDvdk wdk@jzpfonf[k qdkonf?
9 ckteuf ppfa&; r[mAsL[mt& o#r;f jynftwGi;f rD;&xm;vrf; jrefrmhta&;avhvmol xdik ;f Edik if v H òHk cHa&;t&m±Sw d OD;u -
uDvdkrDwm 350 ausmf wdk;csJ@azgufvkyf&ef pDrHudef;wckukd etz “Ed0k ifbm 4-7 &uf 'k Adv k cf sKyf}uD; rif;atmifvid_ &f @J o#r;f jynfta±S@
jyifqifaeonf[k xdkif;e,fpyf owif;&yfuGufajymygonf? ydkif;c&D;pOfu rD;&xm;vrf;opfazgufvkyfzdk@ uGif;qif;avhvmwJh
w±kwEf idk if H ±Si;f [Gmowif;pOfuvnf; jrefrmhr;D &xm;vrf; c&D;pOfbjJ zpfw,f?t"duuawmh vrf;/ wHwm;/ Orifvid_ af cgi;f azguf
ESihf yd@k aqmifqufo, G af &;0ef}uD;XmerS xyfrH wd;k cs@J azguv
f yk rf nfh vky&f r,fah e&mawG=unfw h mbJ/ a'ocHjynfou l dk oltv J b kd J ajym
rD;&xm;vrf;opf (pkpak ygi;f uDvrkd w D m 2000) twGuf tar&duef w,fv@kd od&w,f” - [k qd. k ?
a':vm oef; 130 ukefuscHrnf[k qdkygonf? o#r;f jynf awmifyikd ;f a'ocHwOD;uvnf; oHviG t f a±S@ydik ;f
txd qufo, G rf nfh rD;&xm;vrf;azguv f yk af &;tpDtpOf [kwrf eS f
a=umif;/ txufygaz: jyonfh vrf;rsm;tjyif uDvkd 160 cef@±Snf
rnfh wmcsDvdwf - usKdif;wHk rD;&xm;vrf;vnf; azgufvkyfrnf[k
=um;od&a=umif; o#r;f oHawmfqifo h @kd TuJo h @kd ajymjyonf?
“vl@cE<muk, d rf mS aoG;a=umu ta&;ygq;Hk jzpfovdk ppfwyf
twGuf vrf;a=umuta&;}uD;w,f? rD;&xm;vrf;wdk;csJ@w,fqdk
wmu ppfra_ &;&mr[mAsL[mwpfcb k /J wkid ;f &if;om;vufeufuikd f
tzG@J awG oGm;vmv_y±f mS ;zd@k vG,af wmhrmS r[kwb f ;l ? usaemfoo d
Photo : map.google.co.th

avmuf o#r;f jynfxrJ mS vlawGr;D &xm;ukd t"duxm;pD;eif;wm r±Sd

oavmufbJ”
o#r;f jynfta±S@ydik ;f Y v_y±f mS ;=uonfv h ufeufuikd w f yfz@JG
rsm;rSm SSA-S wyfz@JG / UWSA 0 wyfz@JG / rdik ;f vm;wyfz@JG wd@k jzpf=u
o#rf;jynfawmifydkif;erfhZef avwyfpcef; onf?
ppftpd;k & owif;xkwjf yefcsut f & azguv f yk rf nfrh ;D &xm; tm±SzGH@®z;wdk;wufa&;b%f. xkwfjyefa=ujimcsuft&
vrf;opfvsmxm;csufrSm - o#rf;jynfawmifydkif; erfhZef - oDayg ta±S@awmiftm±SEdkifiHrsm;ESifh w±kwfjynfqufoG,f&ef rD;&xm;
vrf; 250 uDvdk/ erfhZef - usKdif;wHk 330 uDvdk/ vm;±_d;-rlq,f vrf; 2 oG,f±Sda=umif; - trSwf 1 &xm;vrf; csdif;±kdif; - usKdif;wHk
170 uDvdkESifh o#rf;jynfppfwdkif;csKyf AdkvfcsKyfrif;atmifvd_if -wmhvd / trSwf 5 &xm;vrf; jrpf}uD;em; - wmhvdESifh vm;±_d; -
aemufqHk;uGif;qif;avhvmcsuft& rdk;eJ - vif;ac; - rdkif;yef - rlq,f - wmhvw d @kd jzpfonf[q k okd nf?
wmhqef; (oHviG jf rpf ul;wHwm;) - rdik ;f wkH - rdik ;f qwf - wmcsv D w
d f o#r;f oHawmfqifh 10/12/2009

typf&yfwyfrSL;cyfrsm;rsm;u-
wkwfudkif&ifacG;a[mifw,f/ olwdk@acgif;aqmif wkwfcsrSbJacG;u
wkwv
f w
G vf ukd &f if acG;udu
k rf ,f/ wcsK@d u ra[mifrudu k bf J
b,fvrf;a±G;rvJ-wJh? tJvdkrjrifbl; aerSmwJh
a[

Shan Herald Agency for News 31

 L
EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;
SNLD OuUX p0fcGefxGef;OD; usef;rma&;qdk;±Gm;ae
Photo : SHAN
ylwmtdt k usO;f axmifY axmif'%f 93 ESpf uscaH e&onfh
wkdif;&if;om;rsm;acgif;aqmifESifh o#rf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pD
tzJ@G csKyf SNLD OuUX p0fceG x f eG ;f OD; (66 ESp)f use;f rma&; qd;k ±Gm;ae
a=umif; ygwDajymcGifh&yk*~dKvf OD;pdkif;vdwfuajymygonf?
“c&D;oGm;vmr_ cufcJwJhtwGuf ol@rdom;pk 7 v ausmf
=um 8 vxJ0ifrS axmif0ifpmoGm;awG@&w,f/ 'DZifbm 4 &uf
ae@oGm;wm 15 &ufae@rSmjyefa&mufw,f? 10 &ufc&D;rSm tm%m
ydkifawGu em&D0ufausmfbJ ay;awG@w,f” - [k OD;pdkif;vdwfu
ajym.?
cGefxGef;OD;.usef;rma&;tajctaeESifhygwfoufI ygwD
twGi;f a&;r–;tzG@J pnf;a0;aqG;aEG;&efjyifqifaeonf[v k nf; =um;
od&onf?
OD;cGex
f eG ;f OD;vuf±dS cHpm;ae&onfah &m*grsm;rSm ESv;kH atmifh
qD;usdwfa,mif tpmtdrfem ajcaxmuf§'l;qpf ta=umxkH
ta=umwufonfah 0'em cHpm;ae&onft h jyif em;uvnf;tlae
a=umif;/ tdkifpDtm&fpDtygt0ifrnfonfh NGO usef;rma&;tzGJ@
&cdkif*ufpfvrf;a-umif;
&cdkifurf;±kd;wef;uae w±kwfe,fpyftxd wl;az:wG,f
wef;rJh *ufpfydkufvdkif;[m (&cdkifjynf / Armjynftv,fydkif;/ o#rf;
jynf) 22 ®r@e,fudk jzwfoef;oGm;r,f? a±$*ufpfv_yf±Sm;r_tzGJ@&J@
ud0k ek ;f atmifajymjycsut f & - tJ'*D ufpyf u
kd v
f ikd ;f wav#muf vHðk cH
a&;wm0ef,lbdk@ Adkvfoef;a±$ppftkyfpku wyf&if; 44 &if; (ppfom;
tiftm; 13˜200) owfrSwfvsmxm;+yD;+yD?
{&m0wD 7§9§09
32 Vol. 26, No. 262, 2009
o#rf;oHawmfqifh 18/12/09
tpnf;rS ylwmtkdtusOf;axmifodk@ oGm;a&mufvnfywf =unfh±_
ppfaq;jcif;r±Sda=umif; ajymjy.?
“qD;usw d af ,mifwhJ qd;k usK;d u nnqdk wem&Djcm;x qD;
oGm;&vGe;f awmh aumif;aumif;rtdy&f bl;? toufuvJ }uD;vm
awmh pd;k &dr&f wmayg/h tJvt kd ajctaeawGtwGuf q&m0efaocsm
aq;ppf+yD;rS jyefvm&rSmudk axmiftm%mydik af wGu axmif0ifpm
wcgbJay;awG@vdk@ bmwckrSrpDpOfcJh&bl;” -[k OD;pdkif;vdwfu
o#rf;oHawmfqifhodk@ qufajymjyygonf?
usef;rma&;tajctaeraumif;onfhtxJ &moDOwku
vnf; =urf;wrf;vSonfh jrefrmjynfajrmufzsm; ylwmtdktusOf;
uscHae&ol touf 70 eD;eD; p0fcGefxGef;OD;. EdkifiHa&;cH,lcsuf
,H=k unfcsuf &yfwnfcsuf rSmrl jywfom;a=umif;f / rdrw d @kd vky&f yfrsm;
rSm;,Gi;f cJjh cif;r±Sad oma=umifh vdyjf ymoef@oef@jzifh 0rf;enf;jcif;r±Sd
aemifw&jcif;r±Sd? qENoabmxm; ajymif;vJjcif;r±Sdonfhtjyif
usef±Sdacgif;aqmifrsm;vnf; pdwf"gwf}uH@cdkifap&ef t+rJtm;ay;
pum;yif yg;cJhvdkufao;onf[k qdkygonf?
2005 ckESpf o#rf;jynftwdkiftyifcHaumifpD zGJ@pnf;wnf
axmif&ef óud;pm;r_tay: etzppftpd;k &u jynfaxmifprk S cGx J uG f
&ef}uHpnfr[ _ pk yG pf u
GJ m cGex
f eG ;f OD;tygt0if o#r;f acgi;f aqmif 9 OD;
tm; zrf;qD;+yD; vl@oufwrf; xuf±Snf=umonfh axmif'%fjzifh
etzu toD;oD;ypf'%fay;cJhonf?
p0fcGefxGef;OD;xrf;aqmifaeqJ wm0efrsm;rSm - o#rf;wdkif;
&if;om;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf SNLD OuUX/ jynfo@l v$waf wmf
ukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD CRPP (Committee for Representing
People’s Parliament) . tzGJ@0if/ UNA ( United Nationalities
Alliance) nDnGwfaomwdkif;&if;om;rsm;r[mrdwftzGJ@. obm
ywdtzGJ@0ifpojzifh jzpfa=umif;od&ygonf ? Ô
jctpm;qH;k etz wdik ;f jynf
EdkifiHwumxifomjrifom±Sdr_ Transparency Interna-
tional rS xkwfjyefaom 2009 urBmvHk;qdkif&m jcpm;r_tpD&ifcHpm
t& Armjynfonfqdkrm;vD;,m;EkdifiH+yD;v#if vmbfay;vmbf,l
t±Sqd ;kH jctpm;qH;k Ekid if jH zpfaeqJjzpf.? tD&wfEiS ehf ifvm;igvm;om
uGm jcm;.? 'de;f rwf e,l;ZDvef qG'D if ESihf puFmylEikd if w H @kd rSmrl jcpm;r_
tenf;yg;qHk;EdkifiHrsm;jzpfonf?
{&m0wD 22§10§09
 INDEPENDENCE

a&'D,o
dk wif;
e,fjcm; §e,fajrapmifhwyfjzpfpOf typf&yfwdk@tifwifwif
e,fjcm;apmifw h yftjzpf ajymif;vJz@JG pnf;zk@d oabmwlxm; vma&mufz@dk &Sad ewmrd@k 'D e,fpyfjy\emxJrmS typftcwf&yfpJ
wJh typf&yftzG@J awG wyfom;tiftm;/ vufeuftiftm; pm&if; a&; tzG@J awGe@J ywfouf+y;D tao;pdwf aqG;aEG;zk@d ±Srd ±Sd ar;=unfw h hJ
awG ay;tyfzkd@ Armppfwyfzdtm;ay;wmudkcHae&wJh tcsdefrSmyJ tcgrSmawmh æ
wcsK@d wyfz@JG awGrmS e,fjcm;apmifw h yfx0J ifz@kd pm&if;ay;olawG av; “w±kw/f Arm qufqaH &;rSm ±SEd idk w f hJ jy\emawG tm;vk;H
ig; &mckdifE_ef;avmufyJ ±Sdaeygw,f? e,fjcm;apmifh wyfzGJ@zGJ@Ekdifzdk@ eJ@ywfoufvdk@ olwdk@b,fenf;eJ@rqkd òcH+yD; aqG;aEG;oGm;rSmyJvkd@
tcsi;f csi;f =um;rSm t}udwt f e,f aqG;aEG;ae&wmeJ@ ywfouf+yD; usaemfxifw,f? odk@aomftypf&yfawGta=umif;csnf;yJ t"du
w±kwfe,fpyfta&;apmihf=unhfavhvmae olawGudkqufoG,f xm;+yD; aqG;aEG;oGm;r,fvkd@awmhrxifbl;? 'Dtypf&yftzGJ@awGeJ@
ar;jref;xm;ygw,f? ywfouf+yD; t"duxm;aqG;aEG;oGm;Ekid w f muawmh +yD;cJw h hJ tywf
a'ocH jynfol@ppf(odk@r[kwf)e,fajrapmihfwyftjzpf u csed 'f ;l ppfa'owyfr;ª 'kAv kd cf sKyf}uD; tm;[l±edS ;f ;vmwke;f uaqG;
ajymif;vJz@JG pnf;zk@d rlt& oabmwlxm;wJt h ypf&yf SSA wyfom; aEG;oGm;ykH&w,fvdk@ trsm;ujrif=uygw,f?”
tiftm; av;ig;axmifavmuf ±SdaeayrJh e,fjcm;apmihfwyfzGJ@0if “olvmwke;f u ta±S@ajrmufyidk ;f wkid ;f rª; atmifoef;xGÉf
tjzpfyg0ifz@kd pm&if;aumufwhJ tcgrmS awmh 200 avmufy±J w dS ,f eJ@vJawG@w,f? usKdif;wkH }wd*Hwkdif;rª; AkdvfcsKyfausmfòzd;eJ@vnf;
vk@d o#r;f oHawmfqifo h wif;pOft,f'w D m OD;cGepf idk ;f uajymygw,f? awG@w,f? +yD;awmh o#r;f jynfe@J u,m;jynfudk tkycf sKyfxm;wJh 'k-
“SSA qkd&if e,fajrapmihfwyfvkyfzdk@ rlt& oabmwlnD AdkvfcsKyf}uD; rif;atmifv_difeJ@vnf;awG@w,f? 'DOpPmawmfawmf
w,f/ olwkd@vlawG oabmaygufatmif pnf;±kH;qJyJjzpfw,fvdk@ xl;jcm;wmayg?h b,fenf;eJ@rqked ,fpyfvòHk caH &;ta=umif;ajymrSmyJ?
t&ifwek ;f u wifjycJw h ,f? etzuvJ cifAsm;wk@d rlt&oabmwl e,fpyfvòHk cHa&;qk&d if t"duuawmh tckavmavmq,f jy\em
w,fqkd&if bmrSaqG;aEG;p&mrvkdawmhbl;/ 3 &if;avmuf&Ekdif jzpfaewJh[mawGajymrSmyJqdkwm trsm;ucef@rSef;=uwmaygh ”
atmifvpl yk g/ oabmayguw f v
hJ al wGudk tukev f ;Hk pkvu kd yf gv@dk ajym OD;cGefpkdif;u ajymjyygw,f?
awmh olwdk@vJoabmwlwJh vlpm&if;aumufwm vl 200 tckvdk jrefrmppftpkd;&bufu e,fjcm;apmihfwyftjzpf
avmufyJ&w,f?” ajymif;vJz@JG pnf;zd@k óud;pm;aewmeJ@ywfouf+yD; w±kwEf idk if t H wGuf
“tJvkd vl 200 avmufy&J wmukd etzu +y;D cJw h hJ Ek0d ifbm awmh tusK;d r±SEd idk b f ;l vd@k w±kwf e,fpyfta&;avhvmol OD;atmif
vuajymw,f/ cifAsm;wkd@ tiftm;av;ig;axmifavmuf ±Sd+yD; ausmfaZmu ajymygw,f?”
awmhrS vl 200 avmufyJ pm&if;wifjyEkid w f ,f qdw k mr[kwaf o; “vlrsK;d pk jynfoal wGtwGuf tusK;d r±Sb d ;l / vlrsK;d pk jynfol
bl;/ cifAsm;wd@k xyfvyk yf gq+kd yD;ajymwJt h wGuf olw@kd vJ tck'ZD ifbm awG udkifxm;wJh vufeufawGukd tukefodrf;rSmukd;? jrefrmtpdk;&
vqef;rSmtpnf;ta0;vky+f yD; vl 1˜000 b,fvv dk yk &f atmifvyk f twGufawmh tusKd;±Sdwmaygh? 'gu aocsmw,f? w±kwfjynf
rvJ/ usew f v hJ l 3˜000 ausmf b,fvx kd m;rvJ/ tJ'gawGow l @dk aqG; twGufawmh vwfwavmzGJ@pnf;ykH rwnfr+idrfjzpfaewJhumv/
aEG; =uw,f?” jrefrmtpd;k &&J@ 'Dvt dk ajctaersK;d rSm Border Guard eJ@ywfouf+y;D
Armppfwyf tvkd±SdwJh wyfom;ta&twGuf ay;Ekdif/ w±kwjf ynftwGuf avmavmq,f tusK;d r±Sb d ;l vd@k usaemfawmh
ray;Ekid /f wu,fv@kd 900 ausmu f e,fajrapmihw f yfxJ 0ifomG ;&if jrifw,f? tusKd;±SdwJhudpPu pD;yGm;a&;a&m/ EkdifiHa&;a&m ywfouf
usew f yfom;awG&@J ta&;/ olw@dk &J@ &yfwnfcsu/f 'gawGukd quf+yD; w,f?”
aqG;aEG;ae=uqJ jzpfw,fvdk@vnf; ajymygw,f? “EkdifiHa&;t&qdk&if tckvuf±SdtzGJ@tpnf; tawmfrsm;
rkid ;f vm;tajcpku d f NDAA o#r;f jynfta±S@ykid ;f trsK;d om; rsm;uEkid if aH &;t& w±kwjf ynftaeeJ@ awmfawmfrsm;rsm; tay:pD;
'Drudk &ufwpfr[mrdww f yfrmS awmh etzawmif;qkcd suaf wG vku d f uqufqHEkdifwJhtaetxm;rsKd;±Sdw,f? 0 a'oqkdygawmh/ w±kwf
avsmr_±rdS ±Sd aoaocsmcsm rod&ao;csed rf mS olw@kd wyfom;OD;a&eJ@ jynfu 0acgif;aqmifawGyJ? w±kwfjynfu 0awG/ olajymEkdifqkdEkdif
vufeufta&twGupf m&if;twdtusay;zd@k zdtm;ay;cHae&wmrd@k wJth ajctaetrsm;}uD;±Sw d ,f? tJ'aD 'o}uD;u jrefrmtpk;d &a'o
'Dpm&if;ay;oihf ray;oifh pOf;pm; aqG; aEG;ae=uw,fv@kd qkyd gw,f? }uD;jzpfomG ;+yDq&dk if awmfawmfrsm;rsm;tajctae tcsut f vuf
tckvdkw±kwf e,fpyfu wkdif;&if;om; vufeuf ukdifawG
ta&;rajyrvnf jzpfaecsed rf mS w±kwEf idk if H 'k-orwW jrefrmEkid if u H dk pmrsuEf mS 37 okd‹
Shan Herald Agency for News 33
 L
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

w±kwf'korRw c&D;pOfeJ@ typf&yfwdk@tem*gwf

1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012

w±kw'f -k orRw eJ@ Akv d cf sKyfrLS ;}u;D oef;a±$awG@qwHk hJ tcgrmS aemufwzG@J uawmh igwh @dk [m Auyacwfuwnf;u 0 wk@d
e,fpyfa'ownf+idraf &;udpt P av;ay;aqG;aEG;cJw h ,fv@dk =um;&yg rkdif;vm;wkd@eJ@ vufwGJtvkyfvkyfvmcJhw,f? ukd;uef@ukdwkdufwm
w,f? e,fpyfa'o 0 vufeufukdifwyfzGJ@awGeJ@ ygwfoufwJh udpP enf;vrf;rusbl;? 'ga=umifholwkd@ukdulnDoifhoavmuf ulnD&
vk@d trsm;em;vnf=uygw,f? Akv d cf sKyfrLS ;}uD;oef;a±$uvJ e,fpyf r,f qkd+yD;awmh jyifqifaewJhtzGJ@vJ±Sdygw,f?”
a'o wnf+idraf t;csr;f &ygrh ,fv@dk tmrbaE cW x H m;wJth a=umif; tJ'DtzGJ@awGu w±kyftpkd;&zGJ@xm;wJhtzGJ@awG r[kwfyg
=um;od&ygw,f? wbufuvJ 0 vufeufukdifwyfzGJ@ awGppfa&; bl;? olwkd@ [molwkd@zGJ@xm;wJhtzGJ@jzpfayr,fh yDuif;tpkd;&u
jyifqifaeygw,f? a±S@tvm;tvmeJ@ygwfouf+yD;awmh o#rf;oH tckcsdeftxd bmrS0ifpGufzufwm r=um;&bl;? 'g[mawmfawmf
awmfqifht,f'Dwm OD;cGefpkdif;u- qef;ygw,f? ”
“olajymwJhpum;t& t"dyüg,f 2 rsKd;xGufw,f? e,fpyf
a'ownf+idraf &; vkyyf grh ,fqw dk m e,fpyfuvufeufuidk f wyfz@JG Ekid if w
H umowif;awGrmS awmh Armppfwyfx;dk ppfqifvmr_udk um
awGudk ðzwfxwk rf vm;/ Ekid if aH &;jy\emukd Ekid if aH &;enf;eJ@ aqG;aEG; uG,Ef idk af tmif bde;f awG ykwd ;dk pku
d v
f m+yD;vufeuf0,fvmw,fv@dk
+y;D oabmwlncD su&f ,lwehJ nf;eJ@ wnf+ird af tmifvyk rf vm; qkw d m =um;&ygw,f?
usaemfw@dk rodEidk af o;bl;? =unfv h ukd &f ift=urf;enf;eJ@ olajz±Si;f “ ,ltJeftpD&ifcHpmrSm wpfckckjy\em±SdykH&ygw,f? w
oGm;wm awmfawmfrsm;rsm;±Sw d ,f? Oyrm PSLA yavmiftzG@J wk@d zufuvJolwkd@ajymwm0wkd@ rkdif;vm;wkd@ bdef;pkdufysKd;wmrawG@
SSNA o#rf;tzGJ@wkd@ SNPLO ytkd0f;tzGJ@/ txl;ojzifh 'Dukd;uef@ awmhb;l wJ?h aemuftckajymjyef+yD/ vufeuf0,fz@dk bde;f ykpd u dk f vm
tzGJ@uawmhaemufqkH;tzGJ@aygh?tJ'Dawmha±S@qufb,fvkdtajc w,fw?hJ 'DOpPm aoaocsmcsmajymzk@d vkt d yfw,f? tck 0/ uk;d uef@/
taersKd;jzpfvmr,fqkdwm apmifh=unfh&OD;r,f?” rkid ;f vm;wk@d xde;f csKyfe,fajrrSm bde;f cif;rjrif& awmhb;l ? od@k aomf
vJbJ olwkd@xdef;csKyfe,fr[kwfwJh 'Dhjyifo#rf;jynfxJu e,fwcsKd@/
e,fjcm;apmifw h yfz@JG pnf;zk@d jiif;qkx d m;wJh 0 wyfz@JG uawmh tawmf txl;ojzifhetzwyfeJ@ etzvufatmufcH jynfol@ppfawG
jyifqifaew,fv@dk =um;od&ygw,f? xdef;csKyfe,fajrrSmykdpkdufwm awG@&w,f? ”
“olwkd@uvJ etz tEkenf;eJ@ajz±Sif;r,fqdkwm ckcsdefxd “pdwºf uGaq;vJ tckavmavmq,f etzuolw@dk aiG0if
,k=H unfpw d cf syrHk &bl;? Ekid if aH &;enf;eJ@ajz±Si;f wmukd olw@dk ar#mv f ifh aygufawGukdvkdufydwfaew,f? wzufuvJ etzolysKd;axmif
ovkd ukd,fhukd,fukdumuG,fwJhenf;vJ trSm;rcHbl;qkdwJh tajc xm;wJh jynfol@ppfwyfzGJ@awGukdusawmh olwkd@enf;olwkd@[efeJ@
taersKd;jzpfygw,f? 0 bufu ppfr_xrf;a[mif;awG ukdjyefac:ae 0ifaiG±SmcGifhay;xm;w,f? tcktajctaerSm 0wkd@ 'Dhjyifvufeuf
w,f? vlopfawGyg wk;d cs@J aew,fv@dk =um;&w,f?” ukdiftzGJ@tpnf;wdk@rSma&mif;zkd@±SdaewmawmifrS 0,fr,fhvlr±Sd&if
“'guawmh xk;H pHygb?J wku d yf cHk u dk yf rHk mS vJ enf;a[mif;awG bmrSrvkyfEkdifbl;? ,mbwkd@ acgif;cg aq;wkd@qkdwmrsKd;u atmf'g
jyefazmfxkwfwmawG±Sdygw,f? 0 eJ@ygwfoufvkd@ vl v_dif; enf; r±SdbJrvkyfbl;? jynfol@ppfawGusawmh tcGifhta&;ykd&vmwJh
AsL[m okH;avh±Sdw,f? 'Denf;uvlðyef;wD;atmifvkyfwJh enf;awG tcgusawmh olw@dk qDrmS ykrd sm;vmwmawG@&w,f? 0,fwv hJ al wG
bJ? 2005 wke;f u Armppfwyfrawmfe@J aygi;f +yD; SSA ukpd pfqifwm vJrsm;vmw,f? jynfol@ppfawGqDrSm0,f&ifab;uif;wmukd;?
olwkd@vl 700 avmuf aoa=u'%f&m&cJhw,f? 'Denf;ukd t"du aemufwpfcku jynfol@ppfawG=oZmtm%m±Sdawmh Oyrm 0
rxm;awmhbJ t&ifarmfpw D ;Hk oGeof ifcw hJ ehJ nf;awGtwkid ;f jrefjrefpk qDomG ;0,f r,fq&dk if jynfo@l ppfe,fjzwf&w,f? vkòH cHa&;twGuf
jrefjrefcJG jrefjrefwu dk f jrefjrefqw k f tJ'gawG jyefavhusiahf ew,fv@dk jynfo@l ppfawGudk tcGeaf y;&w,f? o,f,yl @dk aqmif&mrSmvJ jynf
=um;&ygw,f?” ol@ppfawG o,f,yl @dk aqmif&if ab;uif;awmhow l @dk ukd yk@d aqmif
cvJay;&jyefw,f? jynfol@ppfu¾u typf&yfawG&J@u¾xuf
w±kwb f ufu 0 tay:oabmxm;uaum b,fv±dk ydS govJ? ykd+yD; }uD;rm;vmwJhtajctaejzpfw,f?”
“w±kwu f ae o#r;f vkb
d momjyefxm;wJh pmwrf;wpfcu k dk
=unfhr,fqkd&if Armjynf[migwkd@w±kyfay:vpDukd yxrqkH; OD;opfqif;
axmufcHwJh EkdifiHjzpfw,f? tJ'ga=umifhrkd@vkd@ ppftpkd;&ukdulr,fh RFA 21/12/09
tzGJ@±Sdvmw,f?

34 Vol. 26, No. 262, 2009


qufo,
G af r;jref;csuf
typf&yfrsm; w±kwftm;udk;rnfhtpm; tjcm;enf;vrf;±Smoifh
=o*wfpv f uud;k uef@a'oukd Armhwyfrawmfutiftm;
tvHk;t&if;eJ@ 0ifa&mufodrf;ydkufcJhvdk@ acgif;aqmifzkef=um;±Sif;eJ@
taygi;f ygawG wdr;f a±Smifc&hJ wJth xd jzpfygw,f? jzpfpOftm;vk;H ukd
òcHikHoHk;oyf=unfhzkd@ o#rf;oHawmfqifh uqufoG,far;jref;&mrSm
zkef=um;±Sif;eJ@eD;pyfwJh udk;uef@a&;&mu|rf;usifol csL;±Se;f a[ u
tckvkdajz=um;ygw,f?
ar; typf&yfxm;wJhESpf20 twGif; +idrf;csrf;a&;eJ@'Drdkua&pD
wyfO;D PDF upD;yGm;a&;/ zG@H ®z;a&;vkyif ef;awGe@J om tcsed f
ðzef;vHk;yrf;aewJhtwGuf EdkifiHa&;buftm;enf;oGm;w,fvkd@
avhvmoH;k oyfot l csK@d u ajym=u ygw,f? 'ga=umifh Armppftpk;d &
qifxm;wJhaxmifacsmufxJ usoGm;&jcif;jzpfw,fvkd@ajym=uwJh
tay: b,fvkdwkef@jyefajz=um;vkdygovJ´
ajz [kwfoifhoavmuf[kwfygvdrfhr,f? odk@aomfusaemfh
tjrifrmS awmh PDF u Edik if aH &;udk vH;k vH;k arhxm;wmawmh
r[kwb f ;l ? trsK;d om;nDvmcHwufwek ;f u wdik ;f &if;om;tcGihf t
a&;qdkif&mtcsufawGukd PDF uwifjycJhayr,fh etzurodusKd;
u|ðH ycJw
h ,f? 'Dtcsuu f =dk unf&h if Edik if aH &;ukd PDF uta&;xm;cJh
ygw,f?
ar; 1992 ud;k uef@ ppfyJG / 2000 jynfEh pS f rH;k ud;k ppfyeJG @J =o*wfpf
v ud;k uef@ta&;tcif;wdu k yf aJG wGrmS b,fvdk uGmjcm;csuf
awGawG@&+yD; bmocFe;f pmawG&cJyh govJ? wdu k yf rJG jzpfatmif/ Arm
wyfawG qifxm;wJhtuGufxJrusatmif bmvkd@ra±SmifEkdifyg
ovJ´?
INDEPENDENCE
ajz 2009 =o*wfpfudk;uef@ta&;tcif;eJ@ 1992 u wdkufyGJ
awGe@J rwlygb;l ? usaemf em;vnfoavmuf 1992 wke;f u
udk;uef@trsKd;om;csif; jzpfyGm;wJhwdkufyGJ? 'grsKd;wkdufyGJawG jzpfvm
atmifArmhwyfrawmfu^m%fe^D m%feufo;Hk +yD; uavmfx;dk qGay;
wm? e,fpyfta&; pdwf0ifwpm;avhvmwJhyk*~dKvfawGuawmh 'g
trsK;d om;csi;f jzpfymG ;wJw h u dk yf rJG [kwb f ;l ? usL;ausmpf pfbJ vk@d ajym
=uw,f?
ydkifqHkcsdeftm%modrf;zdk@}uHpnfwJh&ufrSm udk;uef@wyfr
awmfu óuw d ifumuG,w f u kd cf ukd Ef ikd cf whJ ,f? em&Dyikd ;f avmuf wdu k f
yGJjzpfcJh+yD; ydkifqHkcsdefu etzxHxGufajy;cdkv_Hw,f? tJ'Dwkef;u
ydik q
f ckH sed u
f dk tqH;k pD&ifcsi&f if tcGi&hf aeayr,fh ud;k uef@acgi;f aqmif
u “bmvd@k owfrvJ/ olomG ;vd&k moGm;ygap” vk@d ajymao;w,f?
usaemfh tjrifuawmh ydkifqHkcsdeftm%modrf;zdk@ yxrajc
vSrf;uwnf;u udk;uef@trsKd;om;tay: EdkifiHa&;upm;uGuf
tjzpf etz tcGifhaumif;,lawmhwmbJ? wu,fvdk@zkef=um;±Sif;
om e,fjcm;apmifhwyftoGifajymif;zdk@vufcHvdkuf&if =o*wfpf
ta&;tcif;vJ jzpfrSmr[kwfbl;? ydkifqHkcsdefukv d J olwdk@tm;ay;rSm
r[kwb f ;l ?
2000 jynfEh pS f rH;k ud;k ppfyeJG @J tckppfyu JG ydv
k @kd awmifumG ao;
w,f? tJhwkef;uta&;tcif;uvJ etz 0ifa&mufpGufzufcJhwm
bJ/ rHk;udk;tzGJ@ tcsif;csif;wkdufyGJjzpfaewmukd Armwyfu ESpfzGJ@
pvHk;udk 0ifwkdufypfw,f? rHkqmvudk awmfvSefwJh vDeDrif tzGJ@u
ArmhwyfeJ@yl;aygif;cJhayr,fh olxifxm;ovkdjzpfrvmbJ tiftm;
&mcs±D w dS hJ ol@wyfz@JG awGwef;pDcikd ;f +yD; tm;vH;k udk Armwyfu ypfowf
vdkufw,f?
Shan Herald Agency for News 35
 L
ar; bmta=umif;a=umifh etzppfwyfu udk;uef@a'owck ajz Armwyftiftm;tvHk;t&if;eJ@ udk;uef@e,fxJ0ifvm
vHk;udk 0ifa&mufodrf;ydkufEdkifcJhwmvJ? wJhtcsdefrSm PDF u vufydkuf=unfhaew,f? zkef rdom;pk
udk rulnD&Jwmu - tu,fI zkefudkvufcHxm;&if olwdk@buf
ajz t"du ta=umif;&if; 4 ck jzpfw,fv@kd usaemfxifw,f?
ppfrD;ul;vmrSmpdk;vdk@/ udk;uef@vdkjzpfrSmudk olwdk@t&rf;pdk;&drfvkd@bJ
(u) udk;uef@wyfzGJ@twGif; tuGJt+yJjzpfwmudk Armppf
vkd@ usaemfxifw,f?
tpdk;&u tcGifhaumif;,lw,f?
(c) ukd;uef@wyfzGJ@awG w±kwftpdk;&udk ,Hk=unfpdwfcs
ar; ud;k uef@tajctaeeJ@ ywfouf+yD; SSA wd@k 0wd@k KIA wd@k
vGef;w,f? w±kwfeJ@aoG;wlrsKd;pyfayrJh tjrifcsif;
b,fvo kd ifcef;pm &oifo
h vJ? vuf±t
dS ajctaerSm olw@kd
rwlb;l / aoG;a=umta&;xuf a&eHyu kd v f ikd ;f a=um
b,fvdkjyifqifr_rsKd;vkyfxm;oifhovJ?
u ydt k a&;}uD;w,fqdkwahJ &;om;r_awG±w dS ,f?
(*) PDF ukd ,H=k unftm;xm;cJah yrJh wjcm;tzG@J 0ifawG ajz Armppfwyfuawmh xHk;pHtwdkif;bJ/ yxrajcvSrf;rSm
u vufydkuf=unfhbdk@yg qHk;jzwfcJhw,f? aoG;cGJr,f? pnf;±kH;r_ysufjym;atmifvkyfr,f? tzGJ@uGJ
(C) ud;k uef@u ckcw
H u
kd cf u
dk cf siaf yrJh tajctaeu r[ef atmifòzdcrJG ,f? +yD;&iftiftm;tvH;k t&if;eJ@ 0ifwu
kd rf ,f? rjzpfjzpf
bl;/ taotaysmufe@J xdcu kd rf r_ sm;rSmpd;k vd@k aemuf atmif olwdk@vkyfrSmbJ? jyifqifr_ aumif;aumif;vkyfrxm;&if
qkwfay;vdkuf&w,f? 'Dtcsuftm;vHk; ywfouf wzGJ@+yD;wzJG@ ukd;uef@vrf;twkdif; vkduf&rSmrv$Jbl;?
qufEG,fw,fvdk@ usaemfxifw,f?
ar; rl;,pfaq;0g;eJ@ zkef=um;±Sif; b,fvdkywfoufqufEG,f
ar; udk;uef@a'oudk jyefvnfwkduf,lzdk@tvm;tvm±SdEkdif ovJqdkwm ajymjyay;ygOD;?
ygovm;?
ajz zkef=um;±Sif; OD;aqmifOD;±GufðyvmwJh umvwav#muf
ajz =o*wfpf ta&;tcif;a=umifh zkH rdom;pk[mtawmfhukd vHk; rl;,pfaq;0g;wdkufzsuf&mrSm pGrf;pGrf;wrHvkyfaqmif
tiftm;xdcdkufw,foGm;w,f? jynfoltay: oem;n‡m vmcJw h ,f? w±kww f @kd UN wd@k awmif vufcv
H movdk etz ud, k f
wm apwemxm;ayr,fhZmwdajrjyef+yD; yÉdyuQudkqufzdk@r±Sd wdkifvJvufcHwmbJ? tckusrS rl;,pfvkyfw,fqdk+yD; ZGwftwif;
awmhbl;/ 'gayr,fh aemufaemifOD;aqmifOD;±Gufðyvmr,fh vli,f vkyfvmw,f? etzajympum; a±S@oGm;aemufvkdufrnDbl;?
awG aoG;aºu;jyefqyf+yD; trdajrudk jyefvnf&,lEikd rf ,fv@kd ar#mv
f ifh vkdwrsKd; rvkdwrsKd;bJ?
ygw,f?
ar; udk;uef@ta&;tcif; tawG@tóuHt& aemufqkH;taeeJ@
ar; ud;k uef@ta&;tcif;rSm w±kwjf ynfu bmawG tultnD bmrsm;pum;vufaqmifyg;vdkygovJ?
ay;cJhovJ?
ajz tckxufxd udk;uef@a'ocH ppfajy;'kuQonfawG w±kwf
ajz w±kwjf ynf a'ocHtm%mydik af wGuawmh ud;k uef@a'o jynfxrJ mS ±Sad ewke;f ? ppftpd;k &udk t,Ht k =unfr±Sv d @kd jyef
ta=umif; ud;k uef@vrl sK;d ta=umif;aumif;aumif;odawmh rvm&Jb;l ? ydik q f ckH sed u
f vJ toH;k cscb H 0jzpfomG ;+yD/ etzu ud;k uef@
awmfawmfav;udt k ultnDay;ygw,f? yDuif;tpd;k &tay:vnf; udk tydkifpD;Edkif+yDqdkawmh tck olvJ tJavmufta&;rygawmhbl;?
t,Hkt=unfxm;cJhw,f? 'gayr,fh wdkufyGJrjzpfcifu Armtpdk;& ud;k uef@jynfou l vJ ol@uv kd ufrcHb;l av? jynfoal wGb0uawmh
w±kwjf ynfomG ;+yD; w±kwtf m%mydik w f OD;udk a':vm 3 oef;quf t&ifuxuf ydk+yD; 'kuQa&mufrSmbJ?
ow,f? aemufawmh zkef=um;±Sif;udk rl;,pfeJ@vufeufpuf±kH ud;k uef@ta&;tcif;uko d ;Hk oyf+yD; typf&yfawG oifcef;pm
ta=umif;jy+yD; ArmwyfawG tife@J tm;eJ@ usL;ausmv f mawmhwm ,lyg? rdrud , kd u
f o dk m tm;ud;k yg? w±kwu f kd tm;rud;k yge@J ? w±kwu f kd
bJ? wdkufyGJjzpfwJh txdaygh? rl;,pfudkta=umif;jy+yD;wdkufw,f tm;ud;k rJth pm; tjcm;enf;vrf;opfawG±mS Edik &f if taumif;qH;k bJ
vdk@ajymayr,fh olwdk@csD;ajr‡mufxm;wJh ydkifqHkcsdefukd,fwkdifa&m vdk@ ajym=um;vdkygw,f?Ô
ol@ZeD; om; orD;awG rl;,pfa&mif;0,f oHk;pGJaewmbJ? o#r;f oHawmfqifh 9/12/2009

ar; 0 eJ@rkid ;f vm; tzG@J wd@k u zke=f um;±Si;f udv

k ufrcH&b
J ;l qdw
k hJ
owif;xGufcJhw,f? tJ'gtrSefbJvm;? bma=umifhtJvdk
jzpfvJ ±Sif;jyygOD;?

36 Vol. 26, No. 262, 2009

 INDEPENDENCE

tqkdtrde›fh
yifvkHpdwf"gwfeJ@rS tem*wfom,mr,f
“tar&duefu pD;yGg;a&;ydwq f @dk r_jyefziG ahf y;&if awG@qkaH qG;
aEG;r_vrf;a=umif; tvkt d avsmufyiG v hf mr,fqadk yr,fh 'Dyw d q f @dk r_
bma=umifah y:vm&vJ? ydwq f @dk r_±yk of rd ;f oGm;atmif b,fvv dk yk f

Photo : SHAN
&rvJqkdwm usaemfwdk@jyefqef;ppf=unfh&ygr,f?
ta=umif;&if;u etzu Human Right vk@d ac:wJh vl@
tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_awG }uD;}uD;rm;rm;vkyfaevkd@ taemuf
EkdifiHawGuydwfqkd@r_ vkyf&jcif;jzpfw,f? aemufwpfckuvJ 'Drkdu vkwd ;dk ykad v#mv h yk f cJ&h if qkw, f wk w f thJ aetxm;uae wk;d wufwhJ
a&pDwnfaqmufa&;vrf;a=umif;oGm;&atmifvkd@ zdtm;ay;wm taetxm; awG@&vdrrhf ,fv@dk usaemfxifw,f?”
jzpfw,f? etzu 'Dyw d qf @dk r_udk jyefziG ahf tmifvyk cf si&f if/ jynfwiG ;f “wkdif;&if;om;pnf;vkH;nDnGwfa&; rwnfaqmufEkdif&if
jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&; pnf;vk;H a&;&csi&f if/ olvyk f &rSmu vG,v f , G f tckjzpfaewJh pD;yGg;a&;/ Ekid if aH &;/ppfa&;/ vlrsK;d a&;yËdyuQawG qufjzpf
av;? aeOD;rSmbJ? trsK;d om;nDnw G af &;ukd OD;xdyx f m;vkyrf ,f/ yifvu Hk dk
(1) EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;tm;vkH; jyefvGwf (2) jynfvkH; tajccHwphJ w d "f gwef @J vkyo f mG ;r,fq&dk if usaemfw@kd tem*gwu f om
u|wf typftcwf&yfpJ (3)2008 zG@J pnf;yku H jdk yefvnfjyifqif? tJ'g ,mvmrSmbJ? wu,fvkd@ tJvkdrvkyf&ifawmh usaemfwdk@a&wdrf
}uD;u ppftkyfpk}uD;pkd;a&;pepfeJ@oGm;aeawmh b,fenf;eJ@rS'Drkdu qufepfaeOD;rSmbJ?
a&pDpepf a&mufEkdifrSm r[kwfbl;? vufeufukdiftzGJ@jzpfap/ rukdifwJhtzGJ@jzpfap wkdif;&if;
usaemfw@dk wawG pdw&f if;apwemaumif;aumif;eJ@ twl om;awG pdww f ul ,dk w f l wef;wlnw D rl [kwb f eJ @J trde@f ay;trde@f cH
wlxidk +f yD; xdyw f u dk af qG;aEG; ðyjyifrS 2010 a±G;aumufyq JG wdk moGm; eJ@vkyfae&if wkdif;jynfub,fawmhrS aumif;vmrSmr[kwfygbl;?
Ekid rf mS ? Ek@d r[kw&f if2008 zG@J pnf;ykt H wkid ;f a±G;aumufyv JG yk &f ifawmh wu,fawG@qkaH qG;aEG;+yD; wu,fnn D wG af tmif wu,fapwem
etzubJ tEkdif&rSm? ygygeJ@vkyfr,fqkd&if 'Dtcsdef[m taumif;qkH;tcsdefbJvkd@ usaemf
'Dru dk a&pDvcdk siw f hJ wkid ;f &if;om;awGtwGuaf &m NLD vkd jrifw,f?”
Ekid if aH &;tzG@J tpnf;awGtwGuaf &m bmrS&rSmr[kwb f ;l ? usaemf pkdif;0rf;qkdif (SDU twGif;a&;rSL;) BBC 11 /12/ 2009
wkd@ay;wkef;uvJ tdyfoGefzmarSmufay;xm;+yD;+yDav? etzu
usaemfw@kd ukjd yefvu dk af vsmay;wm rawG@&bl;? eJeyJ g;yg; wk@d ueef;
pmrsuEf mS 26 rS
qdwu f eef;avmufe@J a':atmifqef;pk=unfudk Ekid if jH cm; {nfo h nf
awmfawGeJ@ay;awG@wmavmufbJ? b,fvdkoGm;ajymrvJ? jrefrm tpdk;&udk wkduf±kdufajymrS &awmhrSm
usaemfajymwJhtcsufawG uae@xkwfjyef=unfhygvm; jzpfw,f? jrefrmtpkd;&uvnf; olajymwkdif;vkyfwmr[kwfbl;/
eufjzefcsucf si;f qko d vkd pnf;vk;H a&;&rSmrv$b J ;l ? etzu tJ'gudk olvkyfcsif&m vkyfwJh tpdk;&”
bma=umifrh vkyw f mvJ usaemfw@kd qef;ppfz@dk vdw k ,f?” “pD;yGm;a&;t&awmh jrefrmtpkd;&eJ@ e,fpyfuyfaewJh
“wkid ;f &if;om;awGtaeeJ@ vuf±EdS idk if aH &;tajctaet& ae&mawmfawmfrsm;rsm;u pD;yGm;a&;ysuw f mayg?h usaemfw@dk awG@cJh
pnf;vkH;nDnGwfa&;twGuf twdwfemusnf;r_ukdtwdwfrSmbJ wm yJ/ armufiw l @dk / =uLukwf yefqidk ;f wd@k / uefyu
dk w
f ;D wk@d yef0gw@dk /
xm;rSmvm; qkw d ahJ r;cGe;f tay: typf&yftiftm;pkawGuvJ oif 'Dae&mawGu ol@bmomol +idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@tpnf;awG ±SdaewJh
yke;f acsr,ft h vm;tvm±Sw d ,fv@dk usaemfxifw,f? typf&yftzG@J umvrSm ol@bmomol tqifajyaewm/ Legal a&m Illegal a&m
awGuo dk rd ;f oGi;f zk@d etzvkyaf ewJt h ay: wku d rf ,f cku d rf ,f ypfr,f ayghAsm? wu,fwrf; jrefrmtpdk;&u wufukdifa&m bmrSodyfvkyf
cwfr,fajymwJhtzGJ@wpfzGJ@rSr±Sdao;bl;? 'Dvkdvkyf&ifraumif;bl; r&bl; jzpfaew,f? pD;yGm;a&;t&/ EkdifiHa&;t& vwfwavm
vm;/ 'Dvkdvkyf&atmif pojzifh n‡dE_dif;ajymqkdaewmukdbJ =um;& tajctaerSm Border Guard vkyw f m w±kwjf ynftwGuf tusK;d
w,f? a±G;aumufyGJrSm EkdifiHa&;ygwDawGukd vGwfvyfpGmyg0ifcGifhðy r±Syd gb;l ?”
r,f/ Ekid if aH &;tusO;f om;awGuv dk w $ af y;r,fpojzifh etzbufu a':cifrsKd;ouf VOA 17.12.2009

Shan Herald Agency for News 37

 L
aqmif;yg;
2008 em;*pfzGJ@pnf;ykH yifvHkESifhajymif;jyef
jrefrmEdkifiHvGwfvyfa&;ESifhtwl ay:aygufvmaom jynf ajymif;jyefjzpfonf? 2008 zGJ@pnf;yHk. aemufqufwGJ taumif
wGif;ppfonf 2010 a±G;aumufyGJY tqHk;owfEdkifbG,fr±Sd? 2010 txnfrmS a±G;aumufyjJG zpfonf? ‚if;a±G;aumufyrJG S ppfwyfvr$ ;f rd;k
a±G;aumufyo JG nf 2008 zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya' twnfjzpfap&ef aom tpdk;&w&yfarG;xkwfthH? ‚if;ppfwyfv$rf;rdk; (}uD;pdk;)aom
jzpf+yD; OD;ae0if;wnfaqmufcJhonfh ppfwyfv$rf;rdk;aom EdkifiHa&; tpdk;&opfrS 2008 zGJ@pnf;yHkESifh wdkif;jynfudk tkyfcsKyfthH ? ppfacgif;
pepfukd toGio f ¾mefajymif; qufarmif;ESi&f efóud;yrf;r_w&yfom aqmifrsm;. vkyif ef;pOfrmS ±Si;f vS.? od@k aomf ppfwyfvyk rf nfh vkyf
jzpfonf ? 2008 zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'udk vk;H 0(vH;k 0) jyifqifjcif; ief;pOfrsm;twdkif; wdkif;jynfudk trSefwu,fvGwfvyfapcsifaom
tvsOf;r±SdbJ 2010 a±G;aumufyGJ0if+yD; zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya' yk*K~ v
d rf sm;ESihf Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;uvufrcH ? a±G;aumufy0JG ifa&;onf
wjznf;jznf;ðyjyifajymif;vJa&;[laomt,ltqonftxl;tqef; jy\emr[kw?f jy\emuyifvEkH iS ahf jymif;jyef 2008 zG@J pnf;yHjk zpf
r[kwaf wmh ? 1974 zG@J pnf;yHOk ya'twnfjzpfa&; tóudvy_ ±f mS ;r_ onf ? wenf;tm;jzifh wdkif;&if;om;rsm;tm; tusOf;axmif
umvuwnf;uyifoaE<wnfcJhonf? 1947 zGJ@pnf;yHktm;w zGJ@pnf;yHkjzifh+cHcwfvdkufjcif;jzpfonf? yifvHkESifh ajymif;jyefjzpfoGm;
jznf;jznf;ðyjyifajymif;vJa&;t,ltq ,if;acwf,if;tcguvnf; aom 2008 zG@J pnf;yHjk yefvnfjyifqif&efvt kd yfa=umif; trsK;d om;
ðyjyifajymif;vJI &cJhonfr[kwfay ? 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfrS a±$*Hkwdkifa=unmpmwrf; xkwfjyefa=unmcJh
a±$*Hkwdkifa=unmpmwrf;onf ,ae@EdkifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;r_. onf ? xdk@a=umifh a±$*Hkwdkifa=unmpmwrf;udk yifvHk&yfwnfcsuf
&yfwnfcsujf zpfouJo h @kd yifv&kH yfwnfcsuv f nf;jzpfonf? ,ae@ [k usaemfqckd jhJ cif;jzpfonf? qdv k o kd nfrmS trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J
EdkifiHa&;v_yf±Sm;r_onf twdwfrS jrpfzsm;cHonf? xdk@a=umifh a±$*Hk csKyf. tem*wfEdkifiHawmfwnfaqmufa&;OD;wnfcsuf/ wenf;
wdkifa=unmpmwrf;ukd yifvHk&yfwnfcsuf[koHk;EH_;&jcif;jzpfonf ? tm;jzifh wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;tay: oabmxm;rsm;a=umifh
trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyfEiS hf r[mrdww f ikd ;f &if;om;Edik if aH &;ygwD tzG@J csKyfay:xGe;f csed rf pS I ,ae@umvtxd yifvu kH rkd suEf mS rl vuf
rsm;.wdkufyGJonf tm%m&±Sda&;wdkufyGJr[kwf ? 'kwd,vGwfvyf ukdifðycJhonf?
a&;wdkufyGJjzpfonf ? yifv[ kH o l nf ,ae@jrefrmEdik if . H arG;zGm;&m? yifvkH oabm
1947 zG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt kH ajccHOya'wke;f uvnf; Adv k cf sKyf wlncD surf sm;onf rwlujJG ym;r_.o±kyjf zpfonf ? wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;
atmifqef;ESifhwdkif;&if;om;acgif;aqmifrsm; oabmwlnDcJhaom Armu|efvkyf&efr[kwfa=umif; AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;u &J&J}uD;ajym
yifvHk(pmcsKyf)ukdaoGznfcJhonf? ,if;aoGznfr_udk wnfhrwf&ef xm;cJo h nf? Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;onf pwkwˆ jrefrmEdik if aH wmfwnf
1996 awmif}uD;nDvmcHjzifh óud;pm;cJo h nf? awmif}uD;nDvmcH. aqmuf&ef tajccHpOf;pm;csufr±SdcJha=umif; ol.vkyf&yfrsm;u
tajzonf yifvHkoabmwlnDcsufrSaoGznfaom 1947 zGJ@pnf; oufaojycJhonf? xdk@twl trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfonf
ykHtm; jynfaxmifpkppfppfrltjzpf jyifqifa&;qGJ&efjzpfonf? odk@ vnf; yÌrjrefrmEdik if aH wmftajcrcHonfrmS tzG@J csKyf. Edik if aH &;&yf
aomf jyifqifa&;qGJa&;rwdkifrD OD;ae0if;u tm%modrf;cJhonf? wnfcsuft& od&onf ? 2008 zGJ@pnf;yHkrSmrl yÌrr[mArmEdkifiH
zuf'&,frludk jynfaxmifpk®yuGJa&;rltjzpfvufn‡Kd;xkd;cJhonf? awmft,ltqudk tajccHa&;qGx J m;+yD; trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J
trSet f m;jzifh ArmEdik if aH &;ygwrD sm;a&m Armppfwyfygwef;wl aom csKyfEiS rhf [mrdwf wdik ;f &if;om;Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;. yifvt kH ajccHr0l g'
jynfaxmifpzk @JG pnf;a&;rvdv k m;cJah oma=umifh tm%modr;f jcif;rS ESihf qef@usib f ufjzpfonf ?
onf wdik ;f jynfzw G fzwG af =ujcif;od@k wdik cf o
hJ nf ? wdik ;f &if;om;vufeufuikd t f zG@J (13) zG@J rS 2004 YwifoiG ;f
aemufco H rdik ;f rsm;t& jrefrmEdik if . H zG@J pnf;yHuk dk ±Si;f vif; aom jynfaxmifpt k ajccHrrl sm;udk etztrsKd ;om;nDvmcHuy,f
zd@k vd.
k ? uGjJ ym;jcm;em;onfh trsK;d om;jynfaxmifrsm;jzifh Edik if w H ck cscJhzl;.? ‚if;tzGJ@rsm;. jynfaxmifpkrlrSmvnf; yifvHkudktajccH
wnfaqmufa&;[lonfrmS ‚if;trsKd ;om;rsm; (wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;) xm;jcif;jzpfonf? (KIO) xkwjf yefcsurf mS vnf; yifvu kH rkd suEf mS rl
tm;vHk;. udk,fydkifjyÏmef;cGifhtay:tajccHI EdkifiHawmfzGJ@pnf;yHk ouJo h @kd rGejf ynfopfygwv D nf; yifvu kH q kd w
k u f idk x f m;qJjzpfonf?
a&;qGjJ yÏmef;&efvo kd nf? csKyfIqd&k v#if &cdik 'f rD u kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf/ Zdrk ;D trsK;d om;uGe*f &uftyg
yifvHkrSaoGznfvmaom zGJ@pnf;yHktm;jyefvnfwnfhrwf t0if wdik ;f &if;om;Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;/ typf&yfwikd ;f &if;om;vufeuf
ay;&efvt kd yfvmonf? 1947 zG@J pnf;yHk yifvrkH S rodromaoGznfchJ udik t f zG@J tpnf;rsm;/ wdu k yf 0JG ifqJ wdik ;f &if;om;vufeufuikd t f zG@J
ouJhodk@ 1974 ESifh ,ck 2008 zGJ@pnf;yHkwkd@onf vnf;yifvHkESifh tpnf;rsm;/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfESifh 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pk

38 Vol. 26, No. 262, 2009

 INDEPENDENCE
rsm;onf yifvHkudkrsufESmrlI jynfaxmifpk zGJ@pnf;yHkrSmvnf; 1990 taxGaxGa±G;
ppfppfrjl zifh Edik if aH wmfz@JG pnf;tkycf sKyfykH tajc aumufyGJ &vm'fudkpdefac:vdkufjcif;jzpf
cHOya'a&;qGv J =dk uonf? ,if;tajccHrrl sm; onf? 1990 &vm'fut kd +yD; wkid af cszsu&f ef
jzifh a&;qGJjyÏmef;+yD; tem*wfwdkif;jynfESifh pdeaf c: jcif;onf jynfov l xl uk pkd ed af c: jcif;
rsK;d qufopfrsm;twGuf xm;&pfv=kd uonf? jzpfonf? csKyfIqdk&v#if etzzGJ@pnf;ykHESifh
'kw, d vGwv f yfa&;wku d yf jJG zifh rsK;d qufopf 2010 a±G;aumufyGJqef@usifa&;wdkufyGJ
rsm; twGuf 'Dru dk a&pD tarGcsex f m;ay;vdk onf tm%m&±Sda&;wdkufyGJr[kwf? vGwf
=uonf? Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;pum; ESihf ajym vyfa&;ESix hf yfwal rG;zGm;vmaom jynfwiG ;f
&v#if "g;rdk;xm;aomvGwfvyfa&;ukd z,f ppfcsKyf+idr;f a&;/ usL;ausmpf pfukd trSðD yI,SOf
±Sm;vdk=uonf? EdkifiHwEdkifiH.ppfrSefaom oef}uD;xGm;vmaom ppftm%m±Sifpepf
vGwfvyfa&;[kwfr[kwfudk xdkEdkifiH. zGJ@ csKyf+idr;f a&;ESihf 'Drkd ua&pDpepfusio hf ;kH onfh
pnf;yHjk zifw h ikd ;f wm=unfEh idk af oma=umifyh if? ppfrSefaom jynfaxmifpkwnfaqmufa&;
2008 zGJ@pnf;yHkjyifqifa&;(odk@) jzpfonf? wenf;tm;jzifh 'kwd,vGwfvyf
aemufxyfjynfaxmifppk pfppfrl zG@J pnf;yHak &; a&;wdu k yf jJG zpfonf? xd@k a=umifyh ifvYkH oaE<
qGaJ &;onfwikd ;f jynf.tajzjzpfonf? vGwf wnf+yD;ayguzf mG ;vmjcif;ESihf vk;H 0qufpyfr_
vyfa&;ESix hf yfwal rG;zGm;vmaom jynfwiG ;f r±Sdaom etz (zGJ@pnf;yHk)onf yifvHkESifh
ppfESifhusL;ausmfppfudktajccHI ±Sifoef}uD; ajymif;jyefjzpf.? 2008 zGJ@pnf;yHkjyifqifcGifh
xGm;vmaom tm%m±Sipf epf. ed*;kH vnf; vHk;0 (vHk;0) r±SdbJ 2010 a±G;aumufyGJ0if
jzpfonf? trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf. jcif;onf ordik ;f udo k pPmazmufvu kd jf cif;yif
wdu k yf yJG ef;wdik o f nf tm%m&±Sad &;jzpfonf jzpfrnf? wenf;tm;jzifhyifvHkpmcsKyftm;
[kusaemfr,lq? yifvHkudkvufukdifðyI 'kw, d rdaü jymifusus jynfz;Hk um;csvu kd jf cif;
jynfaxmifppk pfppfrjl zifh 'kw, d vGwv f yfa&; jzpf+yD; Advk cf sKyfatmifqef;ESihf wdik ;f &if;om;
od@k OD;wnfjcif;omjzpfrnf? xd@k a=umif2h 010 acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; aus;ZGwf&mvnf;
a±G;aumufyo JG nf Edik if w H um. apmif=h uyf a&mufayonf?
avhvmcGiEfh iS hf 2008 zG@J pnf;yHjk yifqifciG rhf ±Sd
cdkifvif; (arC0wD) 1/12 /09
oa±G@ a±G;aumufyJG r0ifbw J ukd yf JG t±Sed jf r‡ihf
Iqef@usio f ifyh gonf ? 1990 a±G;aumufyJG (pma&;ol. ukd,fykdiftmabmf
&vm'fonf wdu k yf 0JG ifvufeufwck jzpfo xifjrif,lqcsuf jzpfonf? pmwnf;)
vdk jynfov l x l rk S ay;tyfxm;aom ordik ;f
ay;wm0efudk xrf;aqmif&mvnf; a&muf
onf?
2008 ckz@JG pnf;yHo k nf wdik ;f &if;om;
aygi;f pH. k ud, k yf ikd jf yÏmef;cGit hf ygt0if ppfreS f
aomjynfaxmifpw k nfaqmufa&; óud;yrf;
r_rsm;tm; ajymifajymifwif;wif;±dkufcsKd;
etz tbd"gefrmS r±Sd
vdu k jf cif;jzpf.? TEdik if o H nf uGjJ ym;jcm;em; etzppf t k y f p k & J @ tbd " gef x J r S m
r_rsm;udak ygi;f pyfxm;.? ,if;uGjJ ym;jcm;em; trsKd;om;&if=um;apha&; qdkwJha0g[m&
r_udk AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifh wdkif;&if;om; r±Sdbl;qdkwm tdrfjzLawmfuyk*~dKvfawG
acgif;aqmifrsm;u yifvHkYaygif;pyfcJh=u odrod rajymwwfyg?
onf? yifvHkoabmwlnDr_onfwef;wl
aom jynfaxmifpkwnfaqmuf&efjzpf.? &Jabmfzdk;oHacsmif; (Auy)
odk@aomfyifvHkoabmwlnDr_rsm; (VOB 736)
wqifh+yD; wqifhajczsufcHcJh&onf? 2008

Shan Herald Agency for News 39

 wMbv.ufbidkwfjzAOfjvmifhrdyfbiFef; _cdrf;ajcmufESdyfuGyfrsKd;ðzwf&ef
ref;cFef;qluf;oBj }uHzefE+ud fn‡pf
odkOfhvBjcdlifjodkuf; ... ppfvufeufawG0,f

zde
k cf mOfbq.r;f Oef; Kommersant c.ifrldif;'wfhosLdOf@ n.ufbOef;xd 23_12_09 OMj 'wfhosLdOf@cBm=dOf;rdefodkuf; MiG-29 yefqrk ;f oduk ;f rmefjr.ujf 20 vrf;
rFejf cef 570 vmefah WM@vdOl @f / 23§12§09 &ufxw k f ±k±mS ;ae@pOfowif;pm Kommersant u Adv k o
f ef;a±$ ppftyk pf t
k m; ±k±mS ;rS umvwefz;kd
a':vmoef; 570 wef MiG-29 wdu k af v,mOf 20 pif;cef@a&mif;csonf [kaz: jy?

OPEN SOCIETY INSTITUTE

Supported by a grant from Foundation Open Society Institute (Zug) & Soros Foundations Network