 John Howard

- Father of prison reform in England

- Wrote the book “The State of the Prison in England and Wales”

- He coined the word Penitentiary (from root word “Penitence – feelings of deep sadness of commit a wrong act”)

- English Penitentiary Act

 Capt. Zebulon Reid Brockway

- Father of Prison Reform in US

- Father of Parole in US

- Headed Elmira Reformatory

 John Augustus

- Father of Probation in US

 Capt. Alexander Maconochie

- Father of Probation in England

- Father of Modern Penology in England

 18th century – the most brutal age

 Walnut Street Jail

- First penitentiary in America

- Also called the Walnut Street State Jail

- Located in Philadelphia

 Pennsylvania System

- Referred as the Ideal System, Silent System, Separate System and/or Solitary Confinement System

- Formed on the Philosophy of Religion and Penitence

 Western State Penitentiary

- Opened in Pittsburgh

- Demolished for terrible design

 Eastern State Penitentiary

- constructed at Cherry Hill, Philadelphia

- The prison was too small

 Auburn Prison

- Second state prison in America

- Designed by Architect John Cray

- Congregate work in shops during day

 - Located in Philadelphia

- William Kemmler (first person punish thru electric chair)

 Sing Sing Correctional Facility

- Located in New York

- Sing Sing Bath is located

- Martha M. Place (first person (woman) punish thru electric chair)

 Elam Lynds – First warden in Auburn and Sing Sing Prison

 Elmira Reformatory

- Community Based Program

- Excessive Parole System

- Also called “The Hill” and “Junior Prison”

- Forerunner of Modern Penology

- First institution implementing parole system

 Sir Evelyn Ruggles Brise

- Director of English Prison

- Opened Borstal Institution “The Best” – first juvenile reformatory in England

 New York House of Refuge – First juvenile reformatory in US

 The Golden Age of Penology 1870 – 1880

 Alcatraz Prison “The Rock”

- Located in San Francisco

- Escape Proof Prison

- First prison without walls

- Frank Morris, John Anglin and Clarence Anglin – Attempted to escape Alcatraz Prison

 Gov. James Bennet – Suggests the closure of Alcatraz Prison cause of lack of funding
 Sachsenhausen Prison

- Built in Germany

- 100,000 was killed (Gas Chamber)

 Auschwitz Prison

- Built in Poland

- Headed by Rudole Hoess

- More than 2 million innocent victims was killed

 Toul Sleng Prison

 - Notorious prison in Cambodia

- King Polpot (reigned)

 William Penn

- Responsible for abolition of Death Penalty

- “Great Law”

- Responsible for Correctional Reform in US

 Michigan – First country to abolish death penalty