Physics Pure 1

FORI
NTERNALUSEONLY: NOTFORSALE:
MI
NISTRYOFGENERALEDUCATI
ON
NORTHERNPROVI
NCE
PROVI
NCI
ALCOMMONEXAMI
NATI
ONQUESTI
ONSWI
TH
ANSWERS
2016
PHYSI
CS(
Pur
e)
I
TBELONGSTONEVERS
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1
FORI
Pr
ovi
dingConduci
veEnv
ironmentf
orEf
fect
iveTeachi
ng
andLearni
ng
TABLEOFCONTENTS
1.MEASUREMENTS…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
1
2.LENGTHANDTI
ME………………………………………………………………………………………….
.2
3.MASSANDWEI
GHT………………………………………………………………………………………….
.6
4.DENSI
TY……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
.8
5.MECHANI
CS………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
.10
6.SCALERANDVECTORQUANTI
TIES………………………………………………………….
10
7.LI
NEARMOTI
ON………………………………………………………………………………………………….
12
8.FORCES………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
.16
9.MOMENTSOFFORCE………………………………………………………………………………………….
21
10.
WORKENERGYANDPOWER…………………………………………………………….
.23
11.
SIMPLEMACHI
NES…………………………………………………………………………………26
12.
PRESSURE……………………………………………………………………………………………………29
13.
THERMALPHYSI
CS……………………………………………………………………………….
32
14.
MEASUREMENTSOFTEMPERATURE…………………………………………….
.35
15.
MEASUREMENTSOFHEAT………………………………………………………………….
38
16.
HEATTRANSFER…………………………………………………………………………………….
40
17.
WAVEMOTI
ON……………………………………………………………………………………….
.43
18.
ELECTROMAGNETI
CSPECTRUM …………………………………………………….
.47
19.
SOUND………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
48
20.
LIGHT………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
50
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2
FORI
21.
MAGNETI
SM ……………………………………………………………………………………………….
54
22.
STATI
CELECTRI
CITY…………………………………………………………………….
.57
23.
CURRENTELECTRI
CITY………………………………………………………………….
.60
24.
MAGNETI
CEFFECTOFELECTRI
CCURRENT………………………….
63
25.
PHONOMENONOFELECTROMAGNETI
CINDUCTI
ON…………….
.67
26.
BASI
CELECTRONI
CS……………………………………………………………………….
.70
27.
ATOMI
CANDNUCLEARPHYSI
CS………………………
GRADETEN
TOPI
C:Measur
ement
s
Phy
sicsi
sanat
ural
Sci
encet
hatdeal
swi
tht
hepr
oper
ti
esandi
nter
act
ionsofmat
terandener
gy.
Measur
ement
s
Mat
tercanbemeasur
edi
nter
msoft
ime,
lengt
handmass.
Uni
ts
Thestudyofsci
ence,physi
csinpart
icul
ar,r
equir
est
hepupi
ltoknowaboutt
hebasi
cuni
tsof
measurement
.Thereareaboutsev
enbasicunit
s.
QUESTI
ONONE
a)Compl
etet
hef
oll
owi
ngt
abl
es1and2
Basi
cUni
t Sy
mbol Quant
it
yMeasur
ed
m Lengt
h
Page|
3
FORI
Ki
l
ogr
am kg
s Ti
me
Ampere Cur
rent
Kel
vi
n K
Cd Lumi
nousInt
ensi
ty
Mol
e AmountofSubst
ance
Tabl
e1
Der
ivedUni
t Sy
mbol Quanti
tyMeasured
m/s SpeedorVeloci
ty
Metr
epersecondsquar
ed Accel
erat
ion/Decel
arat
ion
2
Ki
l
ogram metr
epersecondsquar
ed kgm/s
kgm2/
s2 Ener
gy
orj
Amper
esecond Quant
it
yofel
ect
ri
cit
y
Tabl
e2
QUESTI
ONTWO
a)wr i
tedownt hef
oll
owi
ngnumber
sinsci
ent
if
icnotat
ioncor
rectt
othreesi
gni
fi
cant
figur
es
i) 0.0067135 (i
i) 299987345 ( ii
i
)0.0101010(i
v)20000000
(
v) 9
b)maket
hefol
l
owingconver
sions
i
) 2mAtoamps(i
i)1.
2g/cm3t m3(
okg/ ii
i)72km/
htom/
s
LENGTHANDTI
ME
 I
nthi
ssect
ionthetopi
csr
elat
edt
olengt
handtimewi
l
lbecov
eredandal
ltheappar
atus
f
ormeasur
ingoflengt
handti
meshal
lbetackl
ed.
 Thei
ssuesr
elat
edt
opr
ecaut
ionsf
oruseoft
heappar
atust
ooshal
lbeat
tempt
ed.
 Fr
equencyi
s1/
T,meanwhi
l
eT=1/
t
QUESTI
ONONE
Aboywant
edt
odet
ermi
net
hedensi
tyofabox,
buthesor
ttomeasur
ethedi
mensi
onsof
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4
FORI
t
heboxf
ir
st.St
udyt
hedi
agr
am andanswert
hequest
ionst
hatf
oll
ow.
Fi
gur
e1.
1Lengt
hmeasur
ementappar
atus:r
ulerandbox.
(
i) Fr
om t
hedi
agr
am abov
e,whati
sthel
engt
hofABoft
hebox?
(
ii
) Expl
ainonpr
ecaut
iononeshoul
dtaket
oav
oider
ror
sint
her
eadi
ngofl
engt
hAB
above.
(
ii
i) Whatappr
oachwouldyouappl
yify
ouar
egi
vent
heengi
neer
scal
i
per
sinor
dert
o
measur
ethesamelengthAB?
(
iv) Conv
entt
hesi
zeofl
engt
hABi
ntomi
l
li
met
ers.
QUESTI
ONTWO
Thediagr
am belowshowsoneofthev
ital
apparat
usthatisusedtomakemeasur
ement
sin
thel
aborat
ory.Studyt
hedi
agr
am andanswerthequest
ionsthatf
oll
ow.
Fi
gur
e2.
1Lengt
hmeasur
ementappar
atus.
(
i) Whati
sthenameoft
heappar
atusshownabov
e?
Page|
5
FORI
(
ii
) I
dent
if
ythepar
tswi
thscal
esmar
kedAandBabov
e.
(
ii
i) Whati
sther
eadi
ngont
hescal
esmar
kedAandBabov
e?
(
iv) Whati
sther
eadi
ngoft
heabov
einst
rument
?
(
v) Inr
elat
iontot
heabov
eapparat
usstat
ethr
eei
mpor
tantpr
ecaut
ionsoneneedst
o
car
ryoutinor
dert
oavoi
dtheerr
ors.
(
vi) I
nanothersetuptheaboveapparat
ushadthef
oll
owingr
eadi
ngswhenzeroed.I
f
themeasurementwasdoneont hi
sappar
atuswhati
sthecor
rectdi
mensi
onsof
anobj
ectbeingmeasure?
Fi
gur
e2.
2Lengt
hmeasur
ementappar
atus
(
vii
) From thedi
agr
amsinf
igur
e2.2aboveandusi
ngthedi
agram wi
thoutanobject
on,whatwouldbet
hei
dealcasewhenthei
nst
rumentwit
houtobjecti
sproperl
y
zeroed?
QUESTI
ONTHREE
Thedi
agr
am i
nfi
gur
e3.
1bel
owshowt
heVer
nierscal
ecal
i
per
s.
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6
FORI
(
a)Stat
etwopr
ecaut
ionsy
ouwoul
dtakewhenusi
ngt
heabov
eappar
atusi
nfi
gur
e3.
1
above.
(
b)Whati
sther
eadi
ngonofani
nst
rumentshowabov
einf
igur
e3.
1?
(
c)St
atet
henamesandf
unct
ionsofpar
tsmar
ked1,
2and3.
(
d)Whi
chpar
toft
heVer
niercal
i
per
sisusedt
omeasur
ethedept
hofhol
l
owobj
ect
s?
QUESTI
ONFOUR
Thedi
agr
am i
nfi
gur
e4.
1bel
owshowt
hesi
mpl
ependul
um andast
opwat
ch.
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7
FORI
Fi
gur
e3.
1Asi
mpl
ependul
um andwat
ch.
(
a)Descr
ibeamoti
onthati
ster
medasacomplet
eosci
l
lat
ioni
nter
msofl
ett
ersA,
B
andCf r
om t
hedi
agram i
nfi
gur
e3.
1above.
(
b)Themotionshownbyarr
owswastimedonthewatchandt
heti
meisasshownon
thewat
ch.Usingt
heinf
ormat
ionder
ivedf
rom di
agr
amsinfi
gur
e3.
1above,wor
kout
.
(
i) Thet
imet
hatwoul
dbet
akenf
oracompl
eteosci
l
lat
iont
odone.
(
ii
) Thef
requencyoft
hesi
mpl
ependul
um.
(
c)Whatwoul
dbetheti
met
akent
ocompl
ete20f
ull
osci
l
lat
ionsf
rom t
hedi
agr
am
abov
einfi
gur
e3.1.
(
d)I
nanot
herexper
imentaphy
sicspupi
lfi
ndst
hatherf
requencyofcl
appi
ngi
s25her
tz.
Whatt
imewouldithert
omake40claps.
QUESTI
ONFI
VE
I
nthedi
agram i
nfi
gure5.1bel
owshowsar acet
rackusedbythecy
clist.I
fthecycl
i
stt
rack
i
s100m l
ong,andi
ttakesacycl
ist1mi
nut
eand36secondst ocomplete6circl
es.
Fi
gur
e5.
1cy
cli
stt
aki
ngt
urnsi
nthet
rack.
(
a)Cal
cul
atet
heper
iodofacy
cle.
(
b)Whati
sthef
requencyoft
hecy
cli
st?
(
c)Wor
koutt
het
imei
ttakesacy
cli
stt
ocov
er100m i
nthet
rack.
Page|
8
FORI
QUESTI
ONSI
X
Conv
erteachoft
hef
oll
owi
nguni
tst
other
equi
redr
eadi
ngusi
ngt
het
abl
eshownbel
ow.
Name Length Time

Meters(m) Mi l
l
imet
ers Seconds Minutes
(mm) (s)
Dimensi onof 4.
54m
abus (
a)…………………
Diamet erof 0.68mm
anhai r (b)………………….
Compl etelap 4000mm 12.0s
around
ground (c)………………… (d)………………….
13
Revelationof 6.
8x10 m (f
) 1440minut
es
eartharound ………………
thesun (e)……………… .
MASSANDWEI
GHT
Massisthemeasureofthequanti
tyofmatt
eri
nasubst
ance.Massr
emai
nsconst
antatal
l
t
imesandunderal
lcondi
ti
onsanywher
eint
heUni
ver
se.
Massi
smeasuredinkil
ograms(kg)
.
Weighti
st hepull
ofgravi
tyonamass.Thewei ghtofanobj
ectdependsontwothings.
 I tdependsonthemass.Thebi ggert
hemasst hegr
eateri
sthepull
.
 I tdependsont hedistanceoftheobjectfrom t
hecentreoftheEart
h.Theshort
ert
he
distancethegr
eaterthepull
.
QUESTIONONE
Anobj
ectofmass50kgonearthwherethegrav
itat
ional
str
engt
his10N/
kgi
stakent
othe
moonwherethegr
avi
tat
ional
strengt
his1.6N/Kg.
Page|
9
FORI
a.Whati
sthemassofanobj
ectont
hemoon?
.
b.Cal
cul
atet
hewei
ghtofanobj
ecti
nthemoon
c. Di
sti
ngui
shbet
weenmassandwei
ghtbycompl
eti
ngt
het
abl
ebel
ow
Mass Weight
I
tmeasur
edinki
lograms I
tmeasur
edi
nnewt
ons
Themassofanobjectdoesnotchange
I
tismeasur
edusi
nganewt
onmet
erspr
ing
bal
ance
Massi
sthequant
it
yofmat
teri
nanobj
ect
QUESTI
ONTWO
Thef
igur
ebel
owshowst
hemeasur
ingi
nst
rument
susedbyagr
adet
enpupi
l
.
a.I
dent
if
ythei
nst
rument
sAandB
b.Whi
chphy
sical
ismeasur
edbyeachi
nst
rument
?
c. Br
ief
lydescr
ibehowyouwoul
dmeasur
ethemassofal
i
qui
dusi
ngoneoft
he
i
nstr
umentsshownabove.
Page|
10
FORI
QUESTI
ONTHREE
Thefigur
ebelowshowsaspr
ingbal
ancebei
ngusedtomeasuretheweightofanobj
ecton
ear
th.Thereadi
ngonthei
nst
rumenti
s50N.Takethegr
avi
tat
ionalst
rengt
honearthtobe
10N/kg.
50N
Spr
ingBal
ance
Obj
ect
a.Whati
sthemassofanobj
ectonear
th?
b.I
fthesameexper
imentwasperf
ormedonplanetJupi
ter
,wi
l
lthewei
ghtchangeor
r
emainthesameasthatonear
th.Just
if
yyouranswer
.
c. Cal
culat
ethewei
ghtofanobj
ectonpl
anetJupi
teri
fthegr
avi
tat
ional
str
engt
his
16N/Kg
DENSI
TY
Def
ini
ti
on
Densi
tycanbedef
inedint
hreeways.
 Densit
yist
heamountofmat tercontai
nedi nagi
venvol
ume.
 Itist
hemassperunitvol
umeofasubst ance.
 Itist
hemeasureofhowcloselythepart
iclesar
epackedinaknownv
olume.
Measur
ement
TheS.
Iuni
tofdensi
tyi m3.Howev
skg/ er,t
hisuni
tist
oobi
gforl
abor
ator
ymeasur
ement
s.
Page|
11
FORI
Ther
efor
e,asmal
l
eruni cm3i
tg/ susedf
ort
hesakeofconv
eni
ence.
Densit
y=mass/v ol
ume
=m /v
,where,misthemassi
nkil
ogr
ams(kg)orgr
ams(
g)vi
sthev
olumei
ncubi
cmet
res
(m3)orcubi
ccent
imet
er cm3)
s( .
Densi
tyofasol
id
Tofindt
hedensi
tyofasol
i
d( r
egularorir
regul
ar)measur
eit
smassasbef
ore,ont
hebeam
bal
ance,
andi
tsvol
umeasdescr
ibedalr
eady.
Thenuset
hef
ormul
adensi
ty=mass/v
olume.
Densi
tyofal
iqui
d
Takeaknownv ol
umeofal i
qui
dandmeasur eitsmassasdescr
ibedal
ready.Takeal
lthe
necessar
ypr
ecaut
ionst
oav
oider
ror
s.Thenusethefor
mul
adensi
ty=mass/
v ol
ume.
Not
e:I
fyouareusi
ngav olat
il
eli
quid,suchaset
hyl
atedspi
ri
toret
hanol
;remembert
ocov
eri
t
sothati
tdoesnotevapor
ate.
Rel
ati
veDensi
ty
Def
ini
ti
on
Thi
sist
her
ati
ooft
hemassofanyl
i
qui
dtot
hemassofanequal
vol
umeofwat
er.
Relati
vedensit
y=massofliqui
d/massofanequalvolumeofwater
.Rel
ati
vedensi
tyofal
iqui
d
i
snumer i
cal
lyequalt
oitsdensi
ty.Ther
efor
e,i
tel
iminatest
heneedtomeasurevolumewhen
fi
ndingthedensit
yofali
qui
d.
QUESTI
ONONE
a)Def
inet
hef
oll
owi
ngt
erms
i
) Densi
ty
i
i
) Rel
ati
vedensi
ty
i
i
i) v
olume
b)Thedi
agr
am bel
owshowst
wodi
ff
erentl
i
qui
dsoft
hesamev
olumewhosemassesar
e
bei
ngmeasur
ed.
Page|
12
FORI
Cal
cul
atet
hemassofcooki
ngoi
lgi
vent
hatt
hedensi
tyofwat
eri cm3anddensi
s1g/ tyofoi
li
s
0. cm3
73g/
c) Thedi
agr
am bel
owshowsameasur
ingi
nst
rument
st
opper
i
) Namet hei
nst
rumentshownabov e
i
i
) Descr
ibeanexper
imenttodetermi
net
hedensi
tyofali
qui
dusingthei
nstr
ument
shown
d)Descri
beanexperi
menttodeter
mi net
hevol
umeofanir
regul
arshapedobj
ectthat
fl
oatsonwater
.
e) Anempt yr
elat
ivedensi
tybot
tl
ehasamassof108g.Whenf
il
edwi
thal
i
qui
dofr
elat
ive
densi
tyof0.
8,it
smassbecome180g.cal
cul
ate:
i
) Themassofthebot
tl
ewhenf
il
edwi
thwat
er
i
i
) Thecapaci
tyoft
hebot
tl
e
Mechani
cs
Scal
arandVect
orquant
it
ies.
 Resul
tantf
orce=For
ce–f
ri
cti
onalf
orce(
opposi
ngf
orce)
Page|
13
FORI
QUESTI
ONONE
(
i)Def
ineeachoft
hef
oll
owi
ngt
erms
(
a) Scal
arquant
it
y
(
b) Vect
orquant
it
y
(
ii
)St
atet
woexampl
esofeachoft
hequant
it
iesshowndef
inedabov
e.
(
ii
i) St
udyt
hedi
agr
am bel
owandanswert
hequest
ionst
hatf
oll
ow.
Pul
lonobj
ect
.
Fi
gur
e7.
1For
ceappl
iedonanobj
ectonr
amp.
(
a)Whati
sthesi
zeofaf
orcepul
l
ingonanobj
ect
?
(
b)Pr
edicti
nwhi
chdi
rect
ionmasswi
l
lgof
oll
owi
ngt
hesi
zeoft
hepul
laddedt
othe
mass.
(
c)Usi
ngyourknowl
edgeofvect
orswor
koutthesizeofresul
tantf
orcewi
thwhi
cht
he
obj
ectmovesint
hedir
ect
ionyouhav
epredict
edin(b)above.
QUESTI
ONTWO
Twopupil
swantedtopushalockerabovetherampasshowni
nthediagr
am bel
owi
n
fi
gur
e7.2andthefr
ict
ional
for
cesactingopposit
eoft
hetwopushes.
Page|
14
FORI
Fi
gur
e7.
2.Respect
ivef
orcesappl
iedbyt
hepupi
ls.
(
a) Whatwast
het
otal
for
cewi
thwhi
cht
hisl
ockerwaspushedwi
th?
(
b) Cal
cul
atet
her
esul
tantf
orcewi
thwhi
cht
hel
ockerwasbei
ngpushedwi
th.
(
c) I
fthefr
ict
ionfor
cei
sequi
val
entt
othepushi
ngf
orce,
predi
cti
nwhatdi
rect
ionwas
t
helockergoi
ngtoi
n.
(
d) Expl
aint
her
easonf
ort
hechoi
ceofy
ouransweri
n(i
v)(
c)abov
e.
QUESTI
ONTHREE
Amanandawomanar epul
l
ingabl
ockofmass10Kgwhi
cht
heyneedt
ouseasabeckonfor
theiry
ard.Themanappli
esafor
ceof600Nwhi
let
hewomanappl
i
esaforceof800Nasshown
below.
LI
NEARMOTI
ON
Page|
15
FORI
 Dist
ancei
sthet
otal
lengt
hoft
hej
our
neyt
akenbyanobj
ect
.Iti
smeasur
edi
nmet
ers
(m).
 Di
spl
acement
:iti
sthedi
stancemov
edi
naspeci
fi
eddi
rect
ion.I
tisal
someasur
edi
n
metr
es(m)
 Speed:
iti
sther
ateofchangedi
stance
S=d/
t
 Vel
oci
tyi
sther
ateofchangeofdi
spl
acement
 Accel
erat
ioni
sther
ateofchangeofv
eloci
ty
Equat
ionsusedonmot
ion
Speed
 S=d/ t
Veloci
ty
 V=Δs/ t
Basicequationsofmot
ion
 v=u+at ,
 s=( v+u) t/2,
2
 s=ut+½at
2 2
 v =u +2as
Aver
ageSpeed
Aver
ageSpeed =t
otal
dist
ance/
tot
alt
imet
aken
Wher
e
s=di
splacement
u=i
niti
alvel
ocit
y
v=fi
nalvel
ocit
y
t=t
imetaken
QUESTI
ONSONE
A carofmass5000kgaccel
eratesfr
om r
esttoanewvel
ocit
yof120m/ sin1minute.I
tthen
movesatthesamespeedfor10secondsbef
orecomi
ngtoresti
nthenext30seconds.
a.St
atet
hemeani
ngoft
het
erm accel
erat
ion
b.Cal
cul
atet
he
i
. accel
erat
ionoft
hecardur
ingt
hef
ir
st1mi
nut
e.
i
i
. decel
erat
ionoft
hecari
nthel
ast30seconds.
Page|
16
FORI
i
i
i. di
stancecov
eredi
nthef
ir
st1mi
nut
e.
QUESTI
ONTWO
Acarwi
thanoill
eaktr
avel
l
ingalongt
her
oadl
osesoi
lexact
lyonedr
oppersecond.Theoi
l
dr
opsotheroadasshownbelow.
a.Expl
ainwhathappensont
hepor
ti
onoft
her
oadwher
e,
i
. t
hespacesbet
weent
hedot
sar
eincr
easi
ng
i
i
. t
hedotar
eequal
l
yspaced
i
i
i. t
hespacesbet
weent
hedot
sar
edecr
easi
ng
b.Ift
het
imetakent
omov efrom t
he4m to8m mar
ksonther
oadwas0.
5second,
cal
cul
atet
hefast
estspeedatwhicht
hecarwast
rav
ell
i
ng.
QUESTI
ONTHREE
Thegr
aphbel
owshowsav
eloci
ty-t
imegr
aphofanobj
ectmov
ingal
ongast
rai
ghtr
oad.
Page|
17
FORI
a.Whati
sthet
otal
timet
akenf
ort
hej
our
ney
?
b.Whati
sthemaxi
mum v
eloci
tyf
ort
hej
our
ney
?
c. Descr
ibet
hemot
ionofanobj
ecti
nthef
ir
st40seconds.
d.Cal
cul
atet
he
i
. Accel
erat
ionoft
hecar
i
i
. Thet
otal
dist
ancecov
eredbyt
hecar
.
QUESTI
ONFOUR
Apar
achuti
stjumpsf
rom anai
rcr
aft.Someti
melater,
thepar
achuteopens.
Thef
igur
ebelowisagraphoft
hev ert
ical
speedofthepar
achut
istpl
ottedagai
nstt
imet
.
Page|
18
FORI
(a)St ewhathappensatt=20sandt=55s.
at
i
.at20s
i
i .at55s
(b)Descri
bethemoti
onoftheparachut
i weent=0andt=20s.
stbet
(c)Explai
n,i
ntermsofthefor
cesacti
ng,whythespeedofthepar
achut
isti
sconst
ant
betweent=25sandt=55s.
(d)Calcul
atethedi
stancet
ravel
l
edbytheparachut
i weent=25sandt=55s.
stbet
QUESTI
ONFI
VE
Acycli
stofmass70Kgridesabicycl
eofmass30kgandmov eswithaconstantspeedof
20m/s.whil
stt
rav
eli
ngatthisspeed,heseesachi
l
dcrossi
ngtheroadatexactl
y50m awayand
deci
destoappl
ythebrakesat45m awayandthebi
cycl
estopsat5m awayfr
om t hechi
l
d.
a.Whati
sthet
otal
massoft
hebi
cycl
eandt
hecy
cli
st?
b.Cal
cul
atet
he
i
. React
iont
ime
i
i
. Decel
erat
ionoft
hecy
cli
st
c. St
atet
woconsequencesofov
erspeedi
ng
d.Ont
her
oadexpl
ainmeasur
est
hatar
epl
acedt
oreduceov
erspeedi
ng.
e. Descr
ibet
wof
act
orst
hatr
esul
tsf
rom br
akef
ail
ure.
Page|
19
FORI
QUESTI
ONSI
X
Onapar t
icul
arr
ainday,adr
opofrainrel
easedfrom acl
oudwhichis10000m f
rom t
herooft
op,
accel
erat
esfrom r
estandatt
ainsaconstantv
eloci
tyaft
er250secondsasshownbelow.
a.Namethetwof
orcest
hatwoul
dactonar
aindr
opf
ori
ttor
eachaconst
ant
vel
oci
ty.
b.Descr
ibef
ull
ythemot
ionoft
her
aindr
opunt
ili
thi
tst
her
ooft
op.
c. Cal
cul
atet
hespeedat
tai
nedbyt
her
aindr
opi
n250seconds.
d.Wit
hwhatvel
oci
tydoest
her
aindr
opaccel
erat
eswi
thbef
orer
eachi
ngaconst
ant
vel
oci
ty.
e. Sket
chaspeedt
imegr
aphf
ort
hismot
ionoft
her
aindr
op.
FORCES
Def
ini
ti
on
Page|
20
FORI
Af
orcei
sapul
l
,pushort
wistexer
tedont
hebody
.Iti
sav
ect
orquant
it
y.Exampl
esi
ncl
ude,
 Gravitati
onalpull(
weight)
,
 Airfri
ction(ai
rresist
ance),
 Nuclearat t
racti
ons,
 Frict
ionbet weentwosurfaces,
 Upt hrust,
 Magnet ism
Measurement
For
cei smeasur edinNewt on’
s(N).OneNewt
oni
sthef
orcet
hatpr
oducesanaccel
erat
ionof
2
1m/s wheni tactsona1kgmass.
EffectsOfforce
Thef oll
owingchangesmayoccurwhenf orceisappl
i
edonanobj
ect
:
(a)Changei nposi t
ion( moti
on)
(
b)Changei nv el
ocity( accel
erat
ionordecelerat
ion)
(
c)Changei nsize( shape)
(d)Changei ndirection
(e)Turning
ChangeInPosi
ti
on(Moti
on)
Si
rIsaacNewton(1642–1727)
,asci
ent
ist
,st
udi
edmot
ionandi
tscausesandsummar
izedhi
s
di
scoveri
esi
nthethreel
aws.
Fi
rstLawOfMotion
Thi
slawstat
esthat:
Anobjectwi
llr
emainatrestorcont
inuei
nast
ateofuni
for
m mot
ioni
nast
rai
ghtl
i
neunl
ess
act
eduponbyanext er
nal
force.
I
ntheabsenceoff
ri
cti
onal
resi
stanceanobj
ectwoul
dmov
eataconst
antv
eloci
tyf
orev
er.
I
nert
ia
Def
ini
ti
on
I
nert
iaist
het
endency(
proper
ty)ofanobj
ectt
oresi
st(
oppose)achanget
oit
spr
esentst
ate.
Note:
I
nert
ial
dependsont heamountofmat t
er( mass)
.
 Light
erobjectsof
ferlessopposi
tiontochange.Tryi
t
 Heavierobject
soffermoreresi
stancetochange.
Effect
sofIner
ti
a
(a)Passenger
saret
hrownf
orwar
dwhenav
ehi
clemakesasuddenst
op.Theyt
endt
omai
ntai
n
Page|
21
FORI
thei
rfor
wardmot i
onandar
eonl
yst
oppedbyt
heseat
sinf
rontoft
hem andbyf
ri
cti
on
agai
nstthef
loor
.
(
b)Anobj
ectr
emai
nsbehi
ndwhenasmoot
hcar
dpl
acedunderi
tispul
l
edsuddenl
y.
Thefi
rstlawofmot i
ondeal
swithinert
iaandissometi
mesreferr
edtoasthel
awofi
ner
ti
a.
ChangeInVel ocit
y
SecondlawOfMot i
on
Thisl
awst atesthat:
Anunbalancedf orcepr
oducesacceler
ati
oninthedi
rect
ionofthefor
ce.
Theaccelerat
ionthataf or
ceproducesisdi
rect
lypr
opor
ti
onalt
othesi
zeoft
hef
orceand
i
nversel
yproport
ionalt
othemassofanobject
.
For
ce( N)=Mass( kg)xAccel
erat
ion(
m/s2)
F= ma
Thir
dLawOfMot i
on
Stat
esthat
:
Acti
onandreact
ionfor
cesar
eequal
inmagni
tude(
size)butopposi
tei
ndi
rect
ion.
I
fanobj ectAexer t
saf
orceonanot
herobj
ectB,Bexer
tsanequalf
orceonobj
ectAi
nthe
opposi
tedirect
ion.
Not
e:
 Anactingforceist hatexer
tedonthesecondbodybyt hef
ir
stone,whi
l
ear
eact
ing
for
ceisthatexertedonthefir
stobj
ectbythesecond.
 Acti
onandr eact
ionforcesactondi
ffer
entbodiesalongt
hesameli
ne.
ChangeInSi ze(shape)
Hook’
sLaw
Thisl
awst atesthat:
Theextensionofanel ast
icmateri
ali
sdi
rect
lypr
opor
ti
onalt
othef
orceappl
i
edpr
ovi
dedt
hat
theel
asti
climi ti
snotexceeded.
El
asti
cli
mit(l
i
mitofpropor
ti
onali
ty)i
sthemaxi
mum f
orcet
hatcanbeappl
i
edt
oanel
ast
ic
mater
ial
wit
houtst
ret
chi
ngitper
manently
.
Page|
22
FORI
QUESTI
ONONE
a)Def
ineaf
orce
b)Acarofmass1000kgstart
sfr
om r
estandaccel
erat
esuni
for
mlyto20m/
sthr
ougha
di
stanceof100m.Cal
culat
ethedr
ivi
ngfor
ceacti
ngonthecar.
c) Descr
ibeanexper
imentt
over
if
yHooke’
slaw
QUESTI
ONTWO
a)Thedi
agr
am bel
owshowsa0.
4Kgbl
ockhungonaspr
ing.
10cm
Thelengt
hofthespringi
s10cm whena0.
4Kgmassishungoni
t.Whena0.8Kgbl
ocki
s
hungonit,t
helengt
hbecomes13cm.fi
ndtheor
igi
nal
lengt
hoft
hespri
ng.
b)Anelect
ronofmass9.11x10-34Kgcir
clesanucl
eusatatangential
vel
oci
tyofV=
-
25
1.
02x10 m/ s.cal
cul
atest
hecent r
ipetalf
orcet
hatkeepsanelectr
onini
tsci
rcul
ar
or
bit
.
QUESTI
ONTHREE
Usei
ner
ti
atoexpl
ainordi
scusseachoft
hef
oll
owi
ngsi
tuat
ions:
a)Youf
all
for
war
dif
,whi
l
ewal
ki
ng,
yout
ri
pov
eral
ogont
hegr
ound.
b)Thedriv
erofthemovi
ngcari
sthr
ownf
orwar
dthr
ought
hewi
ndscr
eeni
facarhi
ts
thebr
ickwall
headon.
Page|
23
FORI
c) Aheav
y,r
oll
i
ngpr
am i
smor
edi
ff
icul
ttost
opt
hanal
i
ght
,rol
l
ingpr
am.
d)Theheadofapassengeri
nastat
ionarycari
sjer
kedbackwar
dswhent
hecarheor
shei
sinisst
ruckfr
om behi
ndbyat r
uck
QUESTI
ONFOUR
Acarofmass800Kgi
stowedalongast
rai
ghtroadsothati
tsvel
oci
tychangesf
rom
10m/sto20m/si
nadist
anceof200m.Thefr
ict
ionfor
ceisconst
antat500N.
a)Cal
cul
atet
heaccel
erat
ionoft
hecar
.
b)Whati
sthemagni
tudeoft
henetf
orceact
ingont
hecardur
ingt
his200m?
c) Whati
sthemagni
tudeoft
hef
orceexer
tedont
hecarbyt
het
owi
ngv
ehi
cle?
d)Whent
hespeedof20m/sisreached,
thet
owi
ngf
orcei
sadj
ust
edsot
hatacar
nowmovesataconst
antv
elocit
y.
QUESTI
ONFI
VE
Ahot-ai
rbal
looni
sti
edtothegroundbytworopestostopi
tfr
om t
aki
ngof
f.The
di
agr
am bel
owshowstheforcesacti
ngontheball
oon.
Ther
opesar
eunt
iedandt
hebal
l
oonst
art
stomov
eupwar
ds.
a)Cal
cul
atet
hesi
zeoft
heunbal
ancedf
orceact
ingont
hebal
l
oon.St
atet
hedi
rect
ion
Page|
24
FORI
oft
hisf
orce.
b)b)Themassoft
hebal
l
ooni
n765Kg.cal
cul
atet
hei
nit
ial
accel
erat
ionoft
hebal
l
oon.
c) Expl
ainhowt
heaccel
erat
ionoft
hebal
l
oonchangesdur
ingt
hef
ir
st10sofi
tsf
li
ght
.
d)Whentheball
oonisst
il
lacceler
ati
ng,
theball
oonistt
hrowssomebagsofsandov
er
t
heside.Expl
ainhowt
hisaffect
stheaccel
erat
ionofthebal
loon
MOMENTSOFAFORCE.
 Moment sofaf or
ce=F1d1=F2d2.Thesum oft
hecl
ockwi
semoment
sar
eequalt
othe
sum ofanti
clockwise.
QUESTI
ONONE
Thediagr
am inf
igure8.
1bel ow showsahumanar m.Thetot
almassofthebonesint
he
for
earmis1.
0kg,studyt
hedi agr
am infigur
e8.1,andanswert
hequest
ionst
hatfol
l
ow.On
thepal
m oft
hearm wasplacedabl ockof10kg.
Fi
gur
e8.
1anar
mli
ft
ingbl
ockonapal
m.
(
i) Def
inet
het
erm moment
s
(
ii
) St
atewhatdoest
hepr
inci
pleofmoment
sst
ates.
(
ii
i) Cal
cul
atet
hesi
zeoft
hef
orceexer
tedont
hebi
cepsmuscl
es.
(
iv) Usi
ngyourknowledgeofmomentexpl
ainwhyashor
terspannerr
equi
resmor
e
ef
for
ttounscrewanutthanal
ongerspanner
.
(
v) Atconst
ruct
ionsi
teagener
alwor
kerat
tempt
stomov
eabl
ockbyl
eversy
stem
Page|
25
FORI
asshowni
ndiagram i
nfi
gur
e8.2bel
owifbot
hri
ghtandl
efthandappl
i
esequal
for
ceFatposi
ti
onsasshowninthef
igur
ebel
ow.
Fi
gur
e8.
2Usi
ngofl
eversy
stem t
oli
ftal
oadatconst
ruct
ionsi
te.
(
i) Wor
koutwhati
sthesi
zeofaf
orceFappl
i
edbyeachhandofagener
al
wor
k.
(
ii
) From yourknowledgeofmomentsst
ateoneadvancewouldyougi
veto
thegeneralworkeri
fheisr
educeonthefor
ceFt hei
nnov
ationheshoul
d
makeont heleversyst
em t
oall
owforsuchtotakepl
ace.
QUESTI
ONTWO
At
rackandtr
ail
erdesi
gnerpr
oposedthemodel
ofatypeofatr
ackandtrai
l
ershewoul
d
wi
shhercompanytobemakinginordert
omaxi
mizeonthel
oadtonnage.
Fi
gur
e9.
1Showanewdesi
gnofat
rackandt
rai
lert
hatmaxi
mizest
het
onnage
Page|
26
FORI
car
ryi
ngcapaci
ty.
(
a)Identi
fyt
hepointwhi
chwill
actasaf
ulcr
um oft
hisdesi
gnoft
hel
orr
ywheni
tis
carry
ingaloadonit
strai
l
er.
(
b)Workoutt
hecl
ockwi
semoment
saboutt
hef
ulcr
um y
ouhav
eident
if
iedi
npar
t(b)
abov
e.
(
c)Hencef
indt
heamountoff
orceappl
i
edont
hepoi
ntXwher
ethet
rai
l
eri
sconnect
ed
t
othecabofthet
rack.
(
d)I
fyouar
et headv
isortothedesigner
,suggesttwochangesyouwoul
dwi shtomake
t
othedesi
gnoftrai
lerofthetr
ackinordertoincr
easeloadcar
ryi
ngcapaci
tyand
l
essenf
orceonpointXoft hecab.
(
e)Predi
ctwhatwoul
dhappentothesi
zeofafor
ceappli
edonpoi
ntXi
fanot
hersetof
ti
reswereaddedr
ightnex
ttot
heonlyt
ir
esonthetr
ail
er.
WORK,
ENERGYANDPOWER
QUESTI
ONONE
a.Def
inet
hef
oll
owi
ng
i
. Wor
k
i
i
. Ener
gy
i
i
i. Power
b.Agirl
ofmass50kgpushesaboxofmass20kgal ongafr
ict
ionl
essf
loorbyappl
yi
ng
const
antf
orceof600N.I
fthehor
izont
aldi
stancemovedbytheboxi
s250cm.
Page|
27
FORI
a.Whati
sthewei
ghtofanobj
ect
?
b.Cal
cul
atet
hewor
kdonebyt
hebyt
hegi
rli
npushi
ngt
hegi
rl
.
c. I
fshet
akes25secondst
opusht
heboxacr
osst
hesamedi
stance,
cal
cul
ate
i
. Thepowerdev
elopedbyt
hegi
rli
npushi
ngt
hebox
i
i
. Theef
fi
ciencyoft
hesy
stem i
fthewor
kinputi
s1800j
oul
es
d.I
fthefl
oorwasnowmodifi
edsuchbyincreasingt
hefor
ceoffri
cti
on.Doy ouexpectt
he
r
ateatwhichwor
kisdonetor
educeinincrease?Giv
eareasonforyouranswer.
QUESTI
ONTWO
Aboyofmass50kgr unsupafli
ghtofst
airs.Therear
e20stai
rsandeachstai
ris20cm
hi
gh.Tocal
cul
atehispower,hemakesthreetri
alstof
indt
heaveraget
imetakenforthe
mantocli
mbthestairsasshownbelow.
Page|
28
FORI
Fi
gur
e2.
1
T1 T2 T3 T4
0.
56s 0.
53s 0.54s 0.
55s
Tabl
e2.1
Taket
hegr
avi
tat
ional
str
engt
htobe10N/
Kg
a.Whati
stheav
eraget
imet
akenbyt
hemant
ocl
i
mbt
hest
air
s
b.Cal
cul
atet
hehei
ghtoft
hest
air
s.
c. Cal
cul
atet
he
i
. Gr
avi
tat
ional
pot
ent
ial
ener
gyoft he20thst
hemanont air
i
i
. Rat
eatwhi
chwor
kisdone
d.Expl
ainwhyaper
soncar
ryi
ngabucketofwat
eront
heheaddoesnowor
k.
QUESTI
ONTHREE
A25kgbagofricei
srel
easedf
rom t
het
opofat
ruckt
othegr
oundi
n0.
6seconds.Taki
ngt
he
gr
avi
tat
ional
str
engt
htobe10N/Kg
a.I
ntowhatf
ormi
stheener
gyoft
hebagconv
ert
edt
ouponst
ri
ki
ngt
hegr
ound.
b.Cal
cul
atet
heener
gyoft
hebagandt
hepowerdev
elopedi
ndr
oppi
ngt
hebagofr
ice.
c. Wi
thwhatv
eloci
tydoest
hebagofr
icef
all
wit
hbef
orest
ri
ki
ngt
hegr
ound?
d.Af
terst
ri
ki
ngt
hegr
ound,
int
owhatf
orm ofener
gyi
stheener
gyoft
hebagconv
ert
edt
o.
QUESTI
ONSFOUR
Ener
gyisclassi
fi
edaspotent
ialandki
net
icenergy.Bel
owi sali
stofdi
ffer
entty
pesof
ener
gies:
sound,li
ght
,gr
avit
ati
onalpot
enti
alenergy,el
ect
ri
c,chemical
andelasti
cener
gy.
a.Cl assi
fyi
nthet
abl
ebel
owener
giest
hatar
eexampl
esofpot
ent
ial
ener
gyandki
net
ic
ener
gy.
POTENTI
ALENERGY KI
NETI
CENERGY
Page|
29
FORI
b.St
atet
hepr
inci
pleofener
gyconser
vat
ion.
c. Whatener
gychangeswoul
dyouexpecti
nthef
oll
owi
ngt
hings?
i
.El
ect
ri
cbul
b
A B
i
i
.Carbat
ter
y
C
Chemi
cal
i
i
i. Sol
arcel
l
sinpanel
D El
ect
ri
cal
i
v. El
ect
ri
cli
ft
ingmot
or
El
ect
ri
cal E F
QUESTI
ONFI
VE
Coali
snon-
renewabl
esour
ceofener
gywhi
l
ewi
ndener
gyi
sar
enewabl
esour
ceof
ener
gy.
a.Expl
ainwhati
smeantbyt
ermr
enewabl
esour
ce.
b.St
ateot
hert
woexampl
esofnon-
renewabl
esour
ceofener
gy.
c. Thef
igur
e5.
1showspi
l
esofwoodgat
her
edatMbal
aboar
dingaf
uel
forcooki
ng
Page|
30
FORI
pupi
l
sfood.
Fi
gur
e5.
1
i
. Whatt
ypeofener
gyi
sst
oredi
nwood?
i
i
. I
st hesour
ceofener
gyi
nfi
gur
e5.
1renewabl
eofnon-
renewabl
e?Just
if
yyou
answer.
i
i
i. Di
scusst
woenv
ironment
alef
fect
sofusi
ngt
hist
ypeofener
gy.
d.Apartf
rom theexamplegiv
enaboveonrenewabl
esourcesofener
gy,
stat
eot
hert
wo
examplesandadv ant
agesofr
enewabl
esourcesofenergy
.
e. Whatist
herel
ati
onshi
pbet
weenmassandv
eloci
tyaccor
dingt
oEi
nst
einmass
–ener
gyequat
ion?
SI
MPLEMACHI
NES
QUESTIONONE
Expl
ainthemeani ngofthefol
l
owi
ngt
erms:
a)Si mplemachi ne
b)Mechani caladvant
age
c) Velocit
yr ati
o
d)Ef f
iciency
QUESTI
ONTWO
Page|
31
FORI
Thedi
agr
am bel
owshowssy
stem l
evert
hatcanbeusedt
oli
ftacarofmass500Kg
a)Calcul
atet
hemini
mum forcethatcanbeusedtoli
ftt
hecar
.
b)Howmuchf or
ceisexert
edbyl ev
eronthepiv
ot?
c) Cal
cul
atet
hevel
oci
tyrat
ioforthi
smachine
QUESTI
ONTHREE
TheFi
gurebel
owshowsani ncl
i
nebei
ngusedt
oli
ftakat
unduf
rom t
hegr
oundt
oahei
ghtof
12m,usi
ngaforceof800N.[
Assumeg=9.8N/
kg]
(
a)Whati
stheweightofthekatundu?
(
b)Cal
cul
atet
heMAandVRoft hismachi
ne.
(
c) Workouttheeff
ici
encyofthei
ncl
ine.
Page|
32
FORI
QUESTI
ONFOUR
Thedi
agr
am bel
owshowsasi
mpl
emachi
ne
(
a)Namet
hemachi
neshownabov
e.
(
b)I
dent
if
yanydev
icewher
ethi
ssi
mpl
emachi
nei
sused.
(
c)Cal
cul
atet
hev
eloci
tyr
ati
ooft
hesi
mpl
emachi
neshownabov
e.
QUESTI
ONFI
VE
Thedi
agr
am bel
owshowsapul
l
eysy
stem.
a)St
atet
hev
aluef
ort
hev
eloci
tyr
ati
ooft
hispul
l
ey
b)Whent
heef
for
tmov
esadi
stanceof1.
00m,
byhowmuchdoest
hel
oadmov
e?
Page|
33
FORI
c) Gi
vent
hatt
heef
fi
ciencyoft
hispul
l
eysy
stem i
s75%,
cal
cul
atet
he;
i
) Mechani
cal
adv
ant
age
i
i
) Val
ueoft
heef
for
t
d)Gi
venal
sot
hatt
hepul
l
eysar
efr
ict
ionl
ess,
cal
cul
atet
hemassoft
hel
owerpul
l
ey
TOPI
C:PRESSURE.
Pr
essur
eistheforceappliedonaunitarea.TheSIuni
tforar
eaPascal
.P=F/ A.Pr
essurecan
al
sobefoundaspr oductofheight
,gr
avi
t yanddensi
tyofali
qui
dunderconsi
derat
ion.P=hῥg.
Meanwhi
lepressureisaff
ectedbythevolumeP1V1=P2V2.
QUESTI
ONONE
(
i)Def
inedpr
essur
e.
(
ii
) St
atet
heS.
Iuni
tforpr
essur
e.
(
ii
i) TheS.
Iunitf
orpressur
eisaderi
veduni
t,wr
it
edowntheS.
Iuni
tsf
orpr
essur
ein
ter
msofthei
rfundamental
(basi
c)uni
tsofmeasur
ement
.
(
iv) Duri
ngboi l
ingofwat eraspher
icalbubbleofradius0.
04m developsatt he
bott
om ofawat erheadformedfrom theheightof16cm atthebot t
om weret
he
3
bubblehadf or
med.Taket hevolumeofaspher easV=4/ 3ᴫr, densit
yof
3
water=1000kg/m
Fi
gur
e10.
1Wat
ercont
ainerwi
thabubbl
eatt
hebot
tom.
(
i) Workoutthepr
essur
esuf
fer
edbyt
hebubbl
ewhenatt
hebot
tom oft
he
cont
ainer
.
(
ii
) Whatwoul
dbet
hepr
essur
eont
hebubbl
eathal
fhei
ghtoft
hecont
ainer
Page|
34
FORI
wheni
tst
art
sitascendpr
ocess?
(
ii
i) Howbi
gist
hesi
zeoft
her
adi
usoft
hebubbl
eathal
fhei
ght
?
(
iv) Explai
nwhydoesbubbl
enor
mallybur
stopenwhenitr
eachesthesur
face
ofthewat
erhead.Youmayshowbycalcul
ati
oni
fyoudesir
e.
QUESTI
ONTWO
InaBellj
arexper
iment,suct
iontheexcesspressur
efrom t
hej ari
svi
tal
todemonstr
ate
thedependenceofsoundmov ementonpr esenceofpar
ti
cles.Thedi
agram bel
ow
showsthemodel ofsucti
onjar
.
Fi
gur
e11.
1El
ect
ri
cbel
linabel
ljarmodel
.
(
a)St
atet
hef
ormul
athatconnect
sthepr
essur
etot
hear
eai
tisact
ingon.
(
b)Duri
ngonesuct
ioni
ngsessionthepressur
einsi
dethejarwasloweredt
o45Kpa
fr
om theat
mospheri
cpressureof101Kpa.Theareaoftheent
irej
aronglassi
s
2
28cm .
(
i) Whati
sthear
eaoft
hebel
lj
ari
nsquar
edmet
er m2)
s( ?
(
ii
) Ev
aluat
ethesi
zeofpr
essur
edownsuf
fer
edbyt
hei
nsi
deoft
hej
ar.
(
ii
i) Cal
culat
etheamountoff
orcer
equi
ret
ori
pthej
aropenf
rom t
hegl
ass
sur
face.
(
c)Whatsuggest
ionswouldyourecommendbemadei
fthebel
lj
ari
stost
anda
st
rongerf
orcetoli
fti
topen?
Page|
35
FORI
QUESTI
ONTHREE
Fi
gurebel
owshowstwocyl
inders.I
neachcy l
i
nderther
eisapistonandthespace
bel
oweachpist
oni
fful
lofoil
.Theobjectof2.5kgi
splacedonthemastercyl
inder
asshownbel
ow.
a) Thear
eaoft
hemastercy
li
nderis80cm2andtheareaontheSl
avecy
li
nderi
s
2 2 2
400cm .A2.
5kgmassisplacedonA.[1m =10,
000cm ]
(
i)Whati
sthewei
ghtoft
heobj
ect
?
(
ii
)Det
ermi
net
hedownwar
dfor
ceact
ingont
he
mast
ercy
li
nder
?
(
ii
i)Cal
cul
atet
hepr
essur
ecr
eat
edi
ntheoi
l
.
(
iv)Cal
cul
atet
heupwar
dfor
ce.
Page|
36
FORI
GRADEELEVEN
TOPI
C:THERMALPHYSI
CS
 Ther
mal
phy
sicsi
sthebr
anchofphy
sicst
hatdeal
swi
tht
hemeasur
ement
sofheat
.
 I
tisal
sor
efer
redt
oast
her
mal
dynami
cs
QEESTI
ONONE
a)st
atet
heki
net
ict
heor
yofmat
ter
b)dr
awt
hear
rangementofpar
ti
clesi
nal
lthet
hreest
atesofmat
ter
c) Thedi
agr
am bel
owshowst
hear
rangementofpar
ti
cleofi
nthr
eedi
ff
erentsubst
ances
i
) Whichdi
agr
am isrepr
esenti
ngthear
rangementofpar
ti
clesi
n:-
Di
rt
yair Mazoe Dryi
ce
i
i
)Comparet
heaveragekinet
icener
gyofpart
icl
esi
nAandCwhent hesubst
ancesar
eheat
ed.
Page|
37
FORI
i
i
i)Kineti
ctheoryofmatt
erstat
esthatmatt
eri
smadeupofparti
cleswhi
char
eina
cont
inuousrandom mot
ion.Wit
hhelpofadi
agr
am descr
ibeBr
ownianmoti
on
QUESTI
ONTWO
Dur
ingamar
athonr
ace,
ther
unnershowni
nthedi
agr
am i
sver
yhot
a)Attheendoft
herace,evaporat
ionandconvect
ioncoolther
unner.
i)Explai
nhowevaporat
ionhelpstherunnert
oloseenergy
.Useideasaboutmol
ecul
esi
nyour
answer.
(
ii
)Expl
ainwhyhotai
rri
sesar
oundt
her
unneratt
heendoft
her
ace.
(
b)Attheendoftherace,t
her
unnerisgi
venashinyf
oilblanket,
asshowni
nFi
gur
ebel
ow
wear
ingthebl
anketstopst
herunnerf
rom cool
i
ngtooquickly.
Page|
38
FORI
Expl
ainhowtheshinyfoi
lblankethel
pstoreduceener
gylosses.
Useideasaboutconduct
ion,convect
ionandradi
ati
oniny
ouranswer
.
QUESTI
ONTHREE
Thediagr
am bel
owshowst
heappar
atususedi
nanexper
imentt
odemonst
rat
e Br
owni
an
mot
ion.
(
a)Label
andcompl
etet
hedi
agr
am t
oshowhowpar
ti
clesi
ntheai
rcel
lcanbei
l
lust
rat
ed.
(
b)Howi
sthemot
ionoft
hesmokepar
ti
clesbestdescr
ibed?
(
c)Whataccount
sfort
hemot
ionoft
hesmokepar
ti
cles?
Page|
39
FORI
(
d)Descr
ibet
heconcl
usi
ont
hatcanbedr
awnf
rom t
heBr
owni
anmot
ion
(
e)Suggestt
wodi
ff
erencesbet
weenboi
l
ingandev
apor
ati
on.
QUESTI
ONFOUR
Thedi
agr
am bel
owshowst
heheat
ingcur
veofapur
esubst
ance
Poi
ntsA,
B,CandDar
eatt
emper
at es1200,
ur 980,
450and250r
espect
ivel
y
a)St
atet
hev
aluesf
ort
hemel
ti
ngpoi
ntandboi
l
ingpoi
ntoft
hesubst
ance
b)descr
ibet
hemov
ementofpar
ti
clesi
nasubst
ancebet
weenVandW
c) Expl
ainwhyt
hesubst
ancecannotbewat
er.
d)Whatwi
l
lbet
hest
ateoft anceat1500?
hesubst
QUESTI
ONFI
VE
Expl
aint
hef
oll
owi
ngobser
vat
ions
a)Cl
othsdr
yfast
eronahotsunnyday
b)Youf
eel
col
dwhenaf
terst
eppi
ngoutofaswi
mmi
ngpool
c) Per
fumespr
eadi
nonecor
nert
her
oom,
scentev
ent
ual
l
yspr
eadst
oal
lpar
tsoft
her
oom.
MEASUREMENTSOFTEMPERATURE.
Temperatur
e:Thi
scanbeunderst
oodastheaverageki
neti
cenergyoft
hepar
ti
cles.
Temperatur
eismeasuredusi
ngther
mometers.Temper
atureismeasur
edi
ntoscalest
he
Cel
siustemperat
urescal
eandtheKel
vi
ntemperatur
escale.
Page|
40
FORI
QUESTI
ONONE.
Thediagr
am bel
owinfi
gur
e1.
0showsat
her
momet
erhel
dver
ti
cal
l
yupr
ightandr
ecor
deda
temperat
ureasshown.
Fi
gur
e1.
0Ther
momet
erandapl
umbl
ine.
O
(
i) Whati
smeantbyt
hesy
mbolC?
(
ii
) Whatwoul
dbet
heest
imat
edt
emper
atur
eoft
hist
her
momet
er?
(
ii
i) Descr
ibehowy oushoul
dpl
acey
ourey
esont
het
her
momet
ert
oreadt
he
t
emper at
ure.
(
iv) Thesecti
onofthest
em ofthether
momet
eri
sshowni
nfi
gur
e1.
2bel
ow
repr
esent
ingt
hefull
sizescal
eofther
momet
er.
Fi
gur
e1.
2Showast
em oft
het
her
momet
er.
Whati
sther
eadi
ngont
hescal
eoft
het
her
momet
er?
QUESTI
ONTWO.
Thef
igur
e2.
1bel
owshowsat
ypeofat
her
momet
eri
nusei
nourev
ery
dayl
i
fe.
Page|
41
FORI
Fi
gur
e2.
1Ty
peoft
her
momet
ercommer
cial
lyi
nuse.
(
i) Whati
sthenameoft
het
ypeoft
het
her
momet
ershowni
nthedi
agr
am abov
e?
(
ii
) I
denti
fyt
wofeatur
esthether
momet erthatj
ust
if
iesy
oursel
ect
ionoft
hename
gi
ventothet
ypeofther
momet eri
nfigure2.
1above.
(
ii
i) I
ceat-10OCi
sheat
edatt
heconst
antr
ateunt
ilt
het
emper
atur
eofwat
eri
sat
10OC.
(
a)Usi
ngthei
nfor
mat
iongi
vent
oyoui
nthedat
aabov
edr
awasket
choft
he
gr
aphofti
me.
(
b)Whatwoul
dbet
het
emper
atur
einKel
vi
nswheni
cei 2OC?
sat-
(
iv) Whati
sthet
emper
atur
eindegr
eeCel
siusatabsol
utezer
otemper
atur
e?
QUESTI
ONTHREE
Anun-gr
aduatedl
iquid–in–gl assther
momet erwasusedtomeasurethetemperat
ureof
cooki
ngoili
nthelaborat
ory.Theiceandsteam poi
ntsoft
hethermometerwerefoundat2cm
and22cm abovethebulbrespecti
vel
y.Ther
eaftert
hebulbofthether
momet erwasplacedi
n
cooki
ngoil
,thel
evelofmer cur
ywasf oundtobeat6.0cm.
(
a) Descr
ibehowt
hei
ceandst
eam poi
ntswer
etobedet
ermi
ned.
(
b)Cal
cul
atet
het
emper
atur
eoft
hecooki
ngoi
l
.
(
c)Expl
ainwhyt
het
her
momet
ersar
emadewi
tht
hingl
ass.
(
d) Stat
etwophysi
calpropert
iest
hatmakemercur
ysui
tabl
efort
hef
unct
ioni
t
perf
ormsi
ntheli
quid-i
n-gl
assther
mometer
.
QUESTI
ONFOUR
Page|
42
FORI
Thedi
agr
am i
nfi
gur
e4.
1showst
het
ypeoft
her
momet
erusedt
omeasur
etemper
atur
e.
Fi
gur
e4.
1At
ypeoft
her
momet
er.
(
a) Whati
sthenameoft
heappar
atusshownabov
einf
igur
e4.
1?
(
b)Whatpr
inci
plesdot
het
her
momet
ershownabov
euse?
(
c) Stat
etwoadv
ant
agesofusi
ngt
heabov
ety
peoft
her
momet
erov
ert
heot
her
ty
pes.
(
d) Whatwoul
dhappeni
ftheconst
ant
anwi
rewasr
epl
acedwi
thi
ronwi
re?
MEASUREMENTSOFHEAT
QUESTI
ON1.
Akettl
econtaini
ng1kgofwat er(c=4200JKg-10C¬-1)i
spl
acedontopofanelect
ri
cheat
erof
power1000W.I tt
akes5mi nforthewatertemper atur
etoincr
easef
rom 200Cto900C.Fi
nd
i
. Theenergyr el
easedbytheheaterand
i
i. Theenergyabsorbedbyt hewat
er.
Accountforanylossesinenergy
QUESTION2
Thefi
gurebel
owshowshowanexper
imentwassett
odet
ermi
net
hespeci
fi
cheatcapaci
tyof
l
iqui
d.
Page|
43
FORI
a.Whatquant
it
yismeasur
edby
i
. M1 and
i
i
. M2
b.Expl
ainbr
ieft
hepur
poseofl
aggi
ng.
c. I
fittakes5minut
esforaheat
errat
ed12V,5At
oraiset
het
emper
atur
eof2kgofl
i
qui
dby
0
30 C.Findt
hespeci
fi
cheatcapaci
tyoft
hemetal
.
QUESTI
ON3
Apersonrunninginar acegenerates,onav erage,800Jofheatener gyev erysecond.Hal

fof
t
hisheatenergyisl ostfrom t
hebodybyt heevaporati
onofwat er
.
a.Explai
n, i
nt ermsofmol ecules,howt helossofwat erbyevaporati
oncool sthebody.
b.Calculatethemassofwat erev aporatedfrom thebodyina2hourr ace.
Thespecifi
cl atentheatofv aporizat
ionofwat eris2.25×106 J/kg.
QUESTION4
I
f200gofcoldwaterat20°Cisaddedt
o50gofhotwat
erat80°
Cinani
nsul
atedv
essel
,fi
nd
t
hefinalt
emper
atureofthewater
.
Page|
44
FORI
EXPANSI
ONOFSOLI
DS,
LIQUI
DSANDGASES
 Expansionistheincreasei
nsiz
ewhenanobjecti
sheatedorwhentheyi
sanincr
easei
n
temperature.
 Contr
act i
onalsoinvolvest
hedecr
easei
nsi
zewhent emperat
urei
sreducedonanobj
ect
 Expansionoccursint hr
eeways
i. Li nearexpansion
i
i. Super f
ici
alexpansi
on
i
i
i. Cubi cexpansion
QUESTI
ONONE
a.Def
inet
hef
oll
owi
ngt
erms
i
. Expansi
on
i
i
. Temper
atur
e
b.Ther
mal
expansi
oncanbeapr
obl
em.
Page|
45
FORI
Smal
lgapsarel
eftinrai
l
wayli
nesandi
nbridges,
asshownabov
e.
(
a)Explai
nindet
ail
whythegapsareneeded.
(b)Stat
eoneot
herpr
obl
em causedbyt
her
mal
expansi
onandexpl
ainhowi
tcanbe
solv
ed.
HEATTRANSFER
QUESTI
ONONE
Thediagr
am bel
owshowst
hepr
ocessesi
nwhi
chheatcanbet
ransf
err
edf
rom onepoi
ntt
o
anot
her.
Fi
gur
e1.
1heatt
ransf
erpr
ocesses.
(
a) I
dent
if
ythepr
ocessofheatt
ransf
eroccur
ri
ngat
Page|
46
FORI
(
i)M (
ii
)C
(
b) Compar
ethemov
ementofheatatpr
ocessM andatpr
ocessC.
(
c) Whi
chpar
toft
het
her
mal
flaskr
educest
heheatl
ossbyt
hepr
ocessatJ?
(
d) Expl
ainwhyt
heheat
ingf
il
amentanel
ect
ri
cket
tl
eisf
it
tedatt
hebot
tom.
QUESTI
ON TWO
(
a)Def
inet
het
erm conduct
ion
(
b)St
atet
hephy
sical
feat
uresof
:-
(
i)
Goodabsor
ber
sofr
adi
ati
ons
(
ii
)Poorabsor
ber
sofr
adi
ati
ons
(
c)Descr
ibeanexper
imentt
oshowt
hatdul
lsur
facesar
egoodemi
tt
ersofr
adi
ati
ons.
QUESTI
ONTHREE
Fi
gur
e4.
1showsanel
ect
ri
cket
tl
eusedt
oboi
lwat
er.
Fi
gur
e4.
1Anel
ect
ri
cket
tl
e
(
a) Descr
ibeint
ermsofmoti
onofpar
ti
cleshowt
her
mal
ener
gyi
sconduct
ed
thr
oughthewall
oft
hekett
le.
(
b) Watermayev
aporateorboi
li
nsi
det
heket
tl
e,whati
sthedi
ff
erencebet
ween
boi
l
ingandevapor
ate.
Page|
47
FORI
(
c)St
atebywhatt
hemet
hodi
stheheatt
ransf
err
edf
rom:
(
i) Boi
l
ingwat
ert
othepl
ast
iccasi
ng
(
ii
)Thepl
ast
iccasi
ngt
oai
rpar
ti
cles
(
d) Whatisthenameofel
ect
romagnet
icspect
rum r
esponsi
blef
orwar
ming
sur
roundingsar
oundt
hepl
ast
iccasi
ngofthekett
le?
QUESTI
ONFOUR
Thedev i
ceshowninfigur
e5.1bel
owi sknownast hether
mal energyt
ransmitt
er.Thi
s
tr
ansmi t
teri
sfarmorecapabl
eoft r
ansf
erri
ngenergya1000t i
mesf astert
hanacopperrodby
i
tsel
f.Thedesignofthedevi
ceissuchthati
tisconnectedtoablackmet alf
inbyacopperpi
pe
wit
halcoholinthet
ube.Thepipeisseal
edandtransmitstheenergyalongit
slengtht
othecol
d
watertank.
Fi
gur
e5.
1theheatt
rappi
ngdev
ice
(
a) St
atebywhatmeansdoest
hebl
ackmet
alabsor
bener
gyf
rom t
hesun?
(
b) Expl
ainwhyt
hepi
pel
eadi
ngt
oat
ankofcol
dwat
eri
smadeofcopperi
nst
eadof
pl
asti
c?
(
c) Bl
acksur
facesabsor
bandemi
tinf
rar
edr
adi
ati
onbet
tert
hanwhi
tesur
faces.
(
i) Descr
ibeanexper
imentt
oshowt
hatbl
acksur
facesabsor
bradi
ati
onbet
ter
t
hanwhi t
esurf
aces.
(
ii
)Descri
beanexper
imentthatshowst
hatbl
acksur
facesar
ebet
teremi
tt
ersof
r
adi
ati
onthanwhi
tesur
faces.
(
d) Descr
ibehowt
hecopperpar
ti
clest
ransf
erheatener
gyt
othecol
dwat
ert
ank.
Page|
48
FORI
WAVEMOTI
ON
QUESTIONONE:
Thedi
agr
am showshowdi
spl
acementv
ari
eswi
tht
imeasawav
epassesaf
ixedpoi
nt.
a)Whatisthevaluefort
he:
i
) Amplit
ude
i
i) Peri
od.
b)Calcul
atet
hef r
equencyoft
hewav e
c) Thewaveshownabov ei
select
romagnet
ic.Cal
cul
atet
hewav
elengt
hoft
hiswav
e.
QUESTI
ONTWO
Thedi
agr
am bel
owshowsbal
lfl
oat
ingonwat
er.
a)Namethet
ypeofwavetrav
ell
i
ngi
nwater
b)St
atet
hedi
ffer
encebet
weenthewav
eshownandt
hatofsound.
Page|
49
FORI
c) Dr
awar
rowsont
hedi
agr
am t
oshowhowt
hebal
lwi
l
lmov
east
hewav
epasses
QUESTI
ONTHREE
Thedi
agr
am bel
owshowsal
ongspr
ingf
ixedatendAandst
ret
chedsot
hatt
heot
herendi
s
atB.
(
a) Descr
ibehowendBshoul
dbemov
edsot
hatal
ongi
tudi
nal
wav
etr
avel
sfr
om B
t
owardsA.
(
b) Awavehasafr
equencyof3.
0Hzandi
tsspeedi
s1.
2m/s.Cal
cul
atet
he
wav
elengt
hoft
hewav e.
QUESTI
ONFOUR
(
a)Wat erwavesaretransversewaves.Soundi salongitudi
nal wav e.
(i
)Descri
bet hedif
ferencebetweentransversewav esandlongi tudi
nalwaves.Inyouraccount
,
drawadi agram ofeachtypeofwav e.
(
ii
)Soundcont ai
nsregionsofcompr essionandr egi
onsofr arefacti
on.Descri
bewhatis
meantbyacompr essi
onandbyar arefact
ion.
(
b)Ar i
ppletankisusedt odemonstratethereflect
ionofwaterwav es.
(i
)Drawal abel
eddiagr am ofari
ppletank.
(
ii
)Drawadi agr
am showi ngtherefl
ectionofwav esfrom apl anebarri
eri
nar ippl
etank.
(
c) Thedi
agr
am bel
owshowsawat
erwav
epassi
ngaf
loat
ingl
og.Thel
ogi
sst
ati
onar
y.
Page|
50
FORI
Thel ogis6.0m longand5compl et

ewavest
ake10secondst
opasspoi
ntA.
Determine
(i)Thewav el
engthofthewaterwaves,
(
ii)Thefrequencyofthewaterwaves,
(i
ii)Thespeedoft hewaterwaves.
QUESTI
ONFI
VE
Figure1.1showst hepr
opagati
onofawat erwaveformedinari
ppl
etankandthedirect
ionof
thewav eindi
catedbythearr
ow.Thepoi ntPQshowsboundaryofwi
thtwodist
inctdepths.The
wav esatRhadt hedist
anceof3cm betweenthecrest
,andaspeedof12cm/s.Thendistance
betweent heaft
ertheboundarywas1.5cm.
Fi
gur
e1.
1Thewav
efor
m att
woboundar
yofPQ.
(
a) Whatnamei
sgi
vent
othedi
stancebet
weent
wosuccessi
vet
roughs?
(
b) Stat
efr
om inf
ormat
ionshowni
nthewav
esi
nfi
gur
e1.
1abov
e,t
hedept
hsatR
andSofthewavewasencount
eri
ng.
(
c) Whatphenomenashownbyt
hewav
eint
hedi
agr
am i
nfi
gur
e1.
1abov
ecal
l
ed?
(
d)Cal
cul
atet
hef
requencyoft
hewav
eatposi
ti
onR?
Page|
51
FORI
(
e)Af
tercr
ossi
ngt
heboundar
yPQst
ate:
(
i) Thef
eat
ureoft
hewav
ethatr
emai
nsunchanged
(
ii
) Thef
eat
ureoft
hewav
ethatchanges
(
ii
i)Whatf
act
orsaf
fectt
hef
eat
ureoft
hewav
ethatchanges?
(
f) Cal
cul
atet
hespeedoft
hewav
eatSaf
tercr
ossi
ngt
heboundar
yPQ.
QUESTI
ONSI
X
Fi
gure2.
1bel
owshowst
hewav
esi
nar
ippl
etankast
heyappr
oachabar
ri
ersubmer
gedi
n
water
.
Fi
gur
e2.
1showi
ngt
hewav
efr
ontasi
tappr
oachest
hebar
ri
er
(
a) Compl
etet
hedi
agr
am showi
ngr
efl
ect
ionoft
hewav
efr
ontatt
hebar
ri
er
Fi
gure2.
2belowshowsanot
herdi
agr
am wi
thwav
esappr
oachi
ngagl
asssubmer
gedi
ntot
he
ri
ppl
etank.
Page|
52
FORI
Fi
gur
e2.
2Thewav
efr
ontappr
oachi
ngt
hesubmer
gedgl
assbl
ock.
(
b) Complet
ethedi
agram i
nfigur
e2.2abov
eshowi
ngt
hewav
efr
ontasi
tgoespast
thepi
eceofgl
assbeneaththewater
.
(
c) Predi
ctwhatwoul
dhappenifthewavefr
ontf
oundtheglasstobev
ert
ical
l
y
upri
ghtandper
pendi
cul
artothedir
ecti
onofthewavef
ront.
QUESTI
ONSEVEN
Thediagram i
nfi
gur
e3.
1bel
owshowspat
ter
nofwav
esi
nar
ippl
etankunderv
ari
ous
condi
tions.
Thear
rowshowst
hedi
rect
ionofpr
opagat
ionofawav
efr
ont
.
Fi
gur
e3.
1Wav
efr
ontt
hrought
hespace.
(
a) Whati
sthenamegi
vent
othebehav
iorexhi
bit
edbyt
hewav
esi
nfi
gur
e3.
1abov
e?
(
b) Inanot
herexperi
mentthephysi
cspupilwantedtofi
ndoutwhatwoul
dbethe
eff
ectofr
educingthesi
zeofspace.Thediagram i
nfi
gur
e3.2belowshowst
he
wavefr
ontj
ustbeforei
temergesaft
ertheblocks.
Page|
53
FORI
(
i) Complet
ethediagr
am i
nfi
gur
e3.
2abov
ewi
tht
hewav
efr
ontnowpassi
ng
thr
oughanarr
owspace.
(
ii
) Doy ouexpectt
hewav et
helengthofthi
swaveaf
terpassi
ngthr
ougha
narr
owspacet o:i
ncr
ease/decr
ease/r
emaint
hesame?Explai
nyouranswer
bri
efly
.
ELECTROMAGNETI
CSPECTRUM
QUESTI
ONONE
Thefi
gurebel
owshowscomponent
sofel
ect
romagnet
icspect
rum i
nor
derofi
ncr
easi
ng
fr
equency.
Radi
o I
nfr
a-r
ed Vi
sibl
e
Wav
e A r
ays l
ight ul
tr
avi
olet x-
ray
s B
I
ncr
easei
nwav
elengt
h
a. Suggestt
henamesofwav
esr
epr
esent
edbyAandB.
b. Whi
chel
ect
romagnet
icwav
ehas?
i
. t
hel
ongestwav
elengt
h
i
i
. l
owestf
requency
c. St
atet
hespeedoft
hesewav
esi
nav
acuum.
d. St
ateanyt
wopr
oper
ti
esot
hert
hanspeed,
all
elect
romagnet
icwav
eshav
eincommon.
Page|
54
FORI
e. Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngr
adi
ati
onsi
susedt
o
i
. Det
ectanai
rcr
aft
i
i
. Tr
eatcancer
i
i
i. St
udyt
hecr
yst
all
i
nest
ruct
ure.
i
v. St
eri
l
izat
ionofmedi
cal
equi
pment
.
SOUND
QUESTIONONE
Thi
squest
ioni
saboutthesoundpr oducedbyamobi lephoneandtheener
gychanges
whi
lei
tisoper
ati
ng.
(a) Thesoundpr oducedbyar ingi
ngphoneconsist
softwo
not
es,oneaft
ertheot her
.Thefigur
eshowsthetraceonanosci
ll
oscope
scr
eenproducedbyt hefi
rstofthenot
es.
Thesecondnot eislouderandhasahi gherpi t

ch.
(i) Ont hef i
gure,
cont inuet hetracet oshowwhathappenswhent
hesecond
not eissounding.
(
ii)Explainthedif
ferencesbetweent het wot races.
(b)Themobi lephonecont ainsar echar geablebattery.
Energyisst or
edinsidethebat teryasi tischarged.
Describetheusef ulenergychanget hattakespl aceinsi
de
thebat t
eryasitischargedf r
om t hemai ns.
QUESTI
ONTWO
Descr
ibeanexper
imentt
oshowt
hatsoundi
samechani
cal
wav
e
Page|
55
FORI
QUESTIONTHREE
Astudentst
andi
ngbetweent
wowal l
sclapsonceandhear
sthefi
rstechoaf
ter0.
60sandt
he
secondechoaft
er1.
00s.Howlongaf
terthecl
apwill
sheheart
henextecho?
QUESTI
ONFOUR
a)Descr i
beanexperi
mentt odeterminethespeedofsoundusi ngechomethod
b)Awomanst ands120m awayf rom ahighwall.Sheclapstwoblocksofwoodtoget
herat
asteadyrat
esuchthat40clapsar emadein30seconds.I feachclapcoi
nci
deswitht
he
echooftheonebefore,whatisthespeedofsoundi nair?
c) Expl
ainwhy,dur
ingthunder,
af l
ashisseenfir
stbeforesound
LI
GHT
QUESTI
ONONE
Thediagr
am i
nfi
gur
e1.
0bel
owshowsagr
eenl
i
ghtr
epr
esent
edbyt
hel
i
neABst
ri
ki
ngt
heshi
ny
sur
face.
Fi
gur
e1.
0Ther
ayofgr
eenl
ightst
ri
kingashi
nysur
face.
(
a)(
i)Onst
ri
ki
ngthesur
faceatanangleshownabov
ecompl
etet
hedi
agr
am oft
hegr
een
l
i
ghtwavef
rontt
ohowitbehaves.
(
ii
)From t
hediagr
am y
ouhavecomplet
edforthediagr
am off
igur
e1.
0shownabov
e,
whatpr
inci
plei
sdepi
ctedbyt
hegreenl
ightwavef
ront?
(
b)St
atet
wopr
oper
ti
est
hatt
hegr
eenl
i
ghtwi
l
lsat
isf
yev
enwheni
tst
ri
kest
heshi
ny
Page|
56
FORI
sur
face.
(
c)Inanot
herexper
imenttwor
aysofgr
eenl
i
ghtwer
eusedbutonar
oughsur
faceas
showninfi
gure1.1bel
ow.
Fi
gur
e1.
1thet
wor
aysofgr
eenl
ightst
ri
kingi
nroughsur
face.
Completethedi
agr
am i
nfi
gur
e1.
1toshowt
hebehav
ioroft
het
wor
aysast
heyst
ri
ket
he
roughsurf
ace.
(
d)Whatnamei
sgi
vent
othephenomenashowni
nthedi
agr
am i
nfi
gur
e1.
1abov
ecal
l
ed?
QUESTI
ONTWO
a.Def
iner
efr
act
ionofl
i
ght
b.St
atet
het
wol
awsofr
efr
act
ion.
c. Fi
gur
e2.
1showsar
ayofl
i
ghtbei
ngpr
oject
edi
ntoar
ect
angul
argl
assbl
ock
Page|
57
FORI
i
. Fr
om theexperi
mentshownabove,doy
ouexpectl
i
ghtt
osl
owdownorspeedup
whenproj
ectedint
othegl
assblock?
i
i
. Cal
cul
atet
her
efr
act
ivei
ndexofgl
ass,
thev
alueofangl
eXandY.
QUESTI
ONTHREE
a.Youareprov
idedwi
thopti
cal
pins,
adrawingboar
d,aplai
npaperandapenci
l
.Descr
ibe
anexper
imentyouwoul
dperfor
mt odet
erminet
heref
racti
vei
ndexofgl
ass.
b.Thefigurebelowshowsther
ect
angul
argl
assbl
ockwi
tht
her
eal
dept
hof3m and
ref
racti
veindexofglasst
obe1.
50.
i
. Cal
cul
atet
heappar
entdept
hasobser
vedabov
ethegl
assbl
ock.
i
i
. Di
sti
ngui
shbet
weenr
eal
dept
handappar
entdept
h.
c. Onthediagr
am bel
ow,showhowaswi
mmerobser
vest
hebaseoft
heswi
mmi
ngpool
beforej
umpingi
ntothepool
.
Page|
58
FORI
i
i
i. Calcul
atethemassofwat
ert
hatmustcompl
etel
yfi
l
ltheswi
mmi
ngpool
toi
tsf
ull
capaci
ty.
QUESTI
ONFOUR
Thef i
gurebel
owshowsasemi
-ci
rcul
argl
assbl
ockusedt
odemonst
rat
etot
ali
nter
nal
ref
lecti
on.
Page|
59
FORI
a. Expl
aint
het
erm‘
cri
ti
cal
angl
e’
.
b. Expl
ainhowt
otal
int
ernal
ref
lect
ionoccur
sonasemi
cir
cul
argl
assbl
ock.
c. Cal
cul
atet
her
efr
act
ivei
ndexoft
hegl
assbl
ockaboutpoi
nto.
d. Descr
ibet
her
elat
ionshi
pbet
weencr
it
ical
angl
eandr
efr
act
ivei
ndex.
e. St
ateoneuseoft
otal
int
ernal
ref
lect
ion.
QUESTIONFIVE
Thefi
gurebel
owisdr
awnf
ull
scal
e.Thef
ocal
lengt
hoft
hel
ensi
s3.
0cm.
(
a)Ont hef
igure,dr
awtwor aysfr
om thetopoft
heobjectOt
hatmeetatt
hei
mage.
(
b)(i)Defi
net het ml
er inearmagnif
icati
on.
(
ii
)Deter
mi nethemagnifi
cati
onproducedbythel
ensin
thedi
agram
Page|
60
FORI
(
c)Fi
g.5.
2showsanormaleyev
iewinganobjectcl
oset
oit
.Fi
g.5.
3isal
ong-
sight
edey
e
vi
ewinganobj
ectatt
hesamedistance.
Compl
eteFi
g.5.
3toshowt
her
ayst
rav
ell
i
ngt
hrought
heey
e.
QUESTI
ONSI
X
a)Anobject5cm hi
ghispl
aced15cm f
rom aconv
ergi
ngl
ensoff
ocal
lengt
h30cm.
det
ermineusingascal
ediagr
am ;
i
) Thechar
act
eri
sti
csoft
hei
magef
ormed
i
i
) Theposi
ti
onoft
hei
magef
ormed
i
i
i) Themagni
fi
cat
ion
QUESTI
ONSEVEN
Descr
ibeanexper
imentt
odet
ermi
net
hef
ocal
lengt
hofaconv
ergi
ngl
ensadi
stantobj
ect
.
MAGNETI
SM
Amagnetisamat er
ialt
hatat
tract
smagneti
cmateri
als.Ev
erymagnethast
wopolesandt
he
magnet
icfi
eldli
nesseem tor
unf r
om nor
tht
osouth.Themagnetwhensuspendedal
i
gnsi
tsel
f
i
nthenort
h-sout
horient
ati
on.
QUESTI
ONONE
(
a)Writ
edownanyoneoft heproper
ti
esofmagnets.
(
b)Writ
edownt wopropert
iesofmagnet
icfi
eldl
i
nes.
(
c)Expl
ainthedif
fer
encebetweenapermanentmagnetandatemporal
magnet
.
(
d)Thediagram i
nfi
gure1.
0belowshowsamet hodofcreat
ingmagnet
s.
Page|
61
FORI
Fi
gur
e1.
0Met
hodofmaki
ngt
hemagnet
.
(
i) Descr
ibet
hismethodandindicat
ethepol
ari
ti
esoft
hecr
eatedmagnet
.
(
ii
) I
ronisasoftmagnet
icsubstancewhi
lest
eeli
sahardmagneti
cmater
ial
.Expl
ain
t
hemeaningofthi
sstatement.
(
e)Di
agr
am bel
owshowsst
eel
bei
ngmagnet
izedusi
ngel
ect
ri
ccur
rent
.
Fi
gur
e1.
2Theel
ect
romagnet
sandcobal
tmat
eri
al.
(
i)
Indi
cat
ethepol
ari
ti
esofbot
hst
eel
tur
nedmagnetandcobal
ttur
nedmagnet
.
(
ii
)Expl
ainwhatwi
l
lhappenbet
weent
hoset
wosubst
ances.
QUESTI
ONTWO.
(
a) Fr
om diagr
am i
nfi
gure2.
0whichoft
hef
oll
owi
ngmat
eri
alsi
s:-Nonmagnet
ica
magnetandmagneti
csubst
ance.
(
b)Gi
vear
easonf
ory
ouranswer
.
Fi
gur
e2.
0Thev
ari
ousmat
eri
alsandar
rangementofpar
ti
cles.
Page|
62
FORI
(
c)Whatar
edomai
ns?
(
d)Whati
smagnet
icsat
urat
ion?
(
e)Descr
ibet
het
ruet
estf
oramagnet
.
(
f)Expl
ainwhyat
tract
ioni
snev
eragoodt
estf
oramagnet
.
(
g)St
atet
hemet
hodsofmaki
ngmagnet
s.
(
h)St
atet
hemet
hodsofdest
roy
ingmagnet
s.
QUESTI
ONTHREE
Fi
gur
e3.
1showst
hewound10t
urnsofcopperwi
ret
othei
ronnai
lasshownbel
ow
Fi
gur
e3.
1Theel
ect
romagnetandi
tsef
fectoni
ronf
il
li
ng.
(
a)Whatwouldhappenwhent heswi t
chisclosed?
(
b) Ifmoreironf i
ll
i
ngsar etobeat tr
actedstatet
wot hisyoucouldchangetot he
abovediagr am i
nfigure3.1.
(
c) Inanotherexperimental setup,asteelnai
lwasusedi nst
eadofironnail
expl ai
n
twothingsy ouwillnoti
cet hatwil
lhappendif
ferent
lyinthi
ssetup.
(
d) Apermanentmagnetacci dentl
ywasdr oppedinaf ur
nace,Joantooktoolongt o
pulli
toutoft hefi
re.Pr edictwhatwouldbethest r
engthofthemagnett hereaft
er.
(
e) Inwhatot hertwoway scany ouattai
nthestr
engthpredict
edin(d)above,stati
ng
theconditionsnecessary .
Page|
63
FORI
QUESTIONFOUR
Figur
e4.0,
showsamechani
sm f
orst
ori
ngdat
aonamat
eri
alknownat
ape.
Fi
gur
e4.
0Thecomponentoft
het
apemaki
ngpr
ocess.
(
a) Whati
sthephenomenonshownappl
i
edi
ntheabov
etapemaki
ngpr
ocess?
(
b) Fr
om yourknowl
edgeofmagneti
sm,whatdoy
outhi
nkaboutthet
apeit
selfi
sit
amagnet,ormagnet
icmat
eri
alornon-
magnet
icmat
eri
alexpl
ainy
ouranswer.
(
c) Descr
ibehowt
hepat
ter
ncr
eat
edi
nthet
apebui
l
torpr
int
edoni
t.
(
d) Whatmater
ial
sshouldtherecordi
ngheadbemadeof
ffort
hispr
ocesst
o
act
ual
l
ytakeplacesuccessful
l
y?
(
e) Stat
etwoway
sinwhi
cht
hepat
ter
ncr
eat
edabov
ecoul
dbepr
eser
vedf
oral
ong
peri
od.
GRADETWELVE
STATI
CELECTRI CTY
Quest
ion1
1.(a)St
atet hefi
rstl
awofelectrostati
cs
(b)Descri
beanexperi
menty ouwoul dperfor
mt oputachargeonacel
l
uloseacet
ate
andpolythenerodbyrubbing.Iny ourdescri
pti
on,st
atecl
earl
y
i
.theflowofelectr
ons
i
i.Thechar get
herodwillacquire.
Quest
ion2
2.Anexperi
menttoshowchargi
ngbyinduct
ionusesamet
alspher
emountedonan
i
nsul
atedsuppor
t.Thespher
eisi
nit
ial
lyunchar
gedandi
sshowninFi
g.2.1.
Page|
64
FORI
(
a)Anegat
ivel
ychar
gedr
odi
sbr
oughtneart
hespher
e,asshowni
nFi
g.2.
2.
(i
)St ateandexpl
ainthemov ementofel ectr
onsi
nthespher
ethatoccur
sastherodisbr
ought
near.
(ii)Drawthechargesont hemet alsphere.
(b)Themet alsphereisnowt ouchedatpointAbyawireconnect
edtoeart
h,asshownin
Fig.2.3.
OnFig.2.
3,drawthechargesonthemet
alspher
e.
(c)Thewir
econnectedtoeart
hisremov
ed.Thenthenegat
ivel
ychar
gedr
odi
sal
sor
emov
ed,
as
showninFig.2.
4.
OnFig.2.
5,drawthechargesonthemet
alspher
e.
Page|
65
FORI
(d)Thesuppor
tismadef
rom ani
nsul
ator
.St
ateonemat
eri
alt
hatmaybeusedt
omaket
he
support
.
QUESTI
ON3.
Anelect
rost
ati
cgener
atori
susedt
opr
oducespar
ks,
asshowni
nFi
g.3.
1.
Fi
g.3.1
Thebeltcarri
esnegat i
vecharget othedome, makingt hedomenegat i
vel
ychar ged.
(a) Befor
easpar kisproduced,thedi schargebal l
becomesposi ti
vel
ycharged.
(i
)Bywhatmet hoddoest hemet al dischargeballbecomeposi tiv
elycharged?
(i
i)Descri
beandexpl ai
nthemov ementofel ectr
onsi nthedischargeballandintherodas
theball becomeschar ged.
(ii
i)OnFig.3.1,mar kwithanXwher et hereisthemostposi t
ivechargeont hedischar
geball
.
(b) Aspar kjumpsbet weent hedomeandt hedi schar
geballwhent hereisenough
negativechargeont hedome.Achar geof0. 00016Cflowsi nt
hespar kinatimeof
0.012s.
Calculatetheaveragecur rentint hespark.St at
etheequationthatyouuse.
d.Expl ai
nhowst at
icelectr
icit
y
QUESTI ON4
Stat
icelectri
cit
ycanbeusedi npai
nti
ngofmetal
str
uctur
esbyusi
ngthefi
rstl
awof
el
ectrostat
ics.Ametalsur
facecanbegivenanegat
ivechar
geandthepai
ntmaybechar
gedby
fr
ict
ionforcewhenbeingreleasedbythespr
aygun.
Page|
66
FORI
a.St
atet
heef
fectt
hatchar
geshav
eoneachot
her
i
. Li
kechar
ges
i
i
. Unl
i
kechar
ges
b.Fr
om t
hedi
agr
am,
expl
ainwhyt
hemet
alsur
faceshoul
dbegi
venanegat
ivechar
ge.
c. Howi
sthepai
ntr
eleasedbyt
hegunbecomeev
enl
ydi
str
ibut
edont
hemet
alsur
face?
CURRENT ELECTRI
CITY
 El
ect
ri
ccur
renti
sther
ateoff
lowofchar
ge
 Cur
renti
smeasur
edi
namper
esAusi
nganammet
er
 El
ect
ri
cit
yisaf
orm ofener
gyandi
tcanbeconv
ert
edf
rom onef
ormt
oanot
her
.
PARALLELCONNECTI
ON
 Sum ofcur
rentfl
owingthr
oughi ndi
vi
dualr
esist
orisequaltothet otalcurrenti
nthe
ci
rcuit
.
 TheP.dacrosseachresi
stori
sthesame.
1 1 1 1
 Effect
iver
esist
anceiscalcul
atedbyusingthefor
mular;/R= /R1+ /R2+/ R...
Page|
67
FORI
SERI
ESCONNECTI
ON
 Sameamountofcur rentfl
owsthroughthem.
 Sum oft hepotent
ialdi
ff
erenceacrosseachresi
stori
sequaltothet
otalv
oltagefrom
thesource
 Totalresist
anceinthecir
cuiti
sequaltothesum ofther
esist
anceoftheindi
vidual
resi
stors.
QUESTI
ONONE
Acur
rentof2.
0Ai
sdr
awnf
rom a6.
0Vpowersuppl
yfor10.
0s.
a)Howmuchchar
gei
sdr
awndur
ingt
hist
ime?
b)Howmuchener
gyi
sgi
vent
oeachcoul
ombofchar
ge?
c) Cal
cul
atet
heener
gygi
venouti
n10.
0s
QUESTI
ONTWO
Aheat i
ngelement,astoveandaDVDpl ay
erareconnectedi
npar
allelacr
ossa250Vdcpower
supplywithint
ernal
resist
anceof10Ω.Theappl
ianceshaver
esi
stances120Ω,100Ωand90Ω
respect
ivel
y.
a)Drawtheci
rcui
tdi
agr
am t
oshowhowt
heseappl
i
ancesar
econnect
ed.I
nyourdi
agr
am,
i
nclude
1.anammet
ert
omeasur
ecur
rentacr
osst
heheat
ingel
ement
2.av
oltmet
ert
omeasur
eaquant
it
yacr
osst
hepowersuppl
y
Page|
68
FORI
3.anar
rowt
oshowt
hedi
rect
ionoff
lowofel
ect
rons
b)cal
cul
atet
het
otal
resi
stancei
ntheci
rcui
t
c) Howmuchcur
rentf
lowsi
ntheDVD?
d)Cal
cul
atet
heener
gyr
eleasedi
ntheci
rcui
tin1mi
nut
e
e) Calcul
atet
hecostofusi
ngal
ltheappl
i
ancesf
or10houri
fel
ect
ri
cal
ener
gycost
sK3.
0
perunit
QUESTI
ONTHREE
a)Drawthedi
agr
am oftheapparatusy oucoul
dusetoshowhowcur r
entthr
ougha
conduct
orv
ari
eswithpotent
ialdif
ferenceacr
ossi
t.Gi
vetheresul
tsyouexpectand
showhowtheresi
stancecanbecal culat
edfr
om t
hetypi
calgr
aph
QUESTI
ONFOUR
a)Expl
aint
hef
unct
ionofeachoft
hef
oll
owi
ngandgi
vet
hei
rst
andar
dcol
our
s
i
) Li
vewi
re
i
i) Neut
ral
wir
e
i
ii
)Ear
thwi
re
b)Expl
ainwhyt
heear
thwi
rei
sconnect
edt
oamet
alcaseofanel
ect
ri
cal
appl
i
ance.
c) Abat
ter
ycanbemadef
rom cel
l
sconnect
edi
npar
all
el,
asshowni
nthedi
agr
am
Bel
ow
Stateoneadvant
ageofconnect
ingt
hecel
l
sinpar
all
elandoneadv
ant
ageofconnect
ing
cell
sinser
ies
Page|
69
FORI
MAGNETI
CEFFECTOFELECTRI
CCURRENT.
QUESTI
ONONE.
Fi
gur
e1.
0showst
heef
fectofel
ect
ri
ccur
renti
nthecoi
l
.
Fi
gur
e1.
0acoi
lwi
tht
wopi
ecesofi
roni
nser
tedi
n.
(
a) Thepl
otti
ngcompasspl
aceatthreedi
ffer
entpl
acesmarkedA,BandC.
Complet
ediagr
am i
nfi
gure1.
0bywayofdr awi
ngthepoi
nteront
hecompass
usear
rowswhentheswit
chisclosed.
(
b) (i
) Predi
ctt
hedi
rect
ionoft
het
wosof
tir
onbar
saf
tert
heswi
tchhasbeen
cl
osed.
(
ii
)Expl
aint
her
easonast
othechoi
ceoft
hedi
rect
ioni
ndi
cat
edi
n(i
)abov
e.
(
c) Whatobser
vat
ionwi
l
lyoumakewhent
hef
oll
owi
ngcondi
ti
onsar
echanged:
(
i)Thecur
renti
sincr
eased.
(
ii
)Thedi
rect
ionofcur
renti
srev
ersedbutr
emai
nscompassatA,
BandCr
emai
n?
QUESTI
ONTWO
Fi
gur
e2.
0showt
hewi
recar
ryi
ngcur
rentandt
hemagnet
icf
iel
disshown.
Page|
70
FORI
Wir
e
car
ryi
ng
cur
rent
.
Fi
gur
e2.
0showsawi
recar
ryi
ngcur
rent
.
(
a) (
i)Mar
kint
hewi
rebymeansofar
rowst
hedi
rect
ionofcur
rent
(
ii
)Thedi
rect
ionofaf
orceexer
tedont
hewi
resbyt
hecur
rent
.
(
b)Whatwoul
dbet
heef
fectof
:
(
i) i
ncr
easi
ngofcur
rentt
hrought
hewi
re,
(
ii
) wi
ndi
ngt
hewi
remor
etur
nsr
ound?
(
c) Thediagram i
nfi
gur
e2.
1showsasol
enoi
dconnect
edt
othesour
ceofD.
C
cur
rent.
Fi
gur
e2.
1Thesol
enoi
dconnect
edt
othepowersuppl
y.
(
i) Whent
heswi
tchi
scl
osedi
ndi
cat
einwhi
chdi
rect
ionwi
l
lthemagnet
icf
iel
dgo.
(
ii
) Pr
edi
ctt
heef
fectofr
ever
singt
hepol
ari
tyoft
hecel
l
s.
(
d) St
atet
woway
sinwhi
cht
hemagnet
icf
iel
dcanbei
ncr
eased.
QUESTI
ONTHREE
Thedi
agr
am i
nfi
gur
e3.
0showsanappl
i
cat
ionofmagnet
icef
fectofel
ect
ri
ccur
rent
.
Page|
71
FORI
Fi
gur
e3.
0showsanappl
icat
ionofmagnet
icef
fectofel
ect
ri
ccur
rent
.
(
a) Descri
beandexpl
ainwhatwoul
dhappenwhent
heswi
tchSi
sopenedi
ntheabov
e
fi
gure3.0.
(
b) Fr
om t
heappl
i
cat
ionpoi
ntofv
iew,
whatdoy
out
hinkswi
tchSr
epr
esent
?
(
c) I
ndicat
ebywayofanar
rowt
hedi
rect
ionofmagnet
icf
iel
dgoi
ngt
hrought
hecoi
lwi
than
i
roncore.
(
d) I
nordert
oimprov
ethedesi
gnt
heci
rcui
tcont
rol
l
edbypi
vot
edi
ronwasr
epl
acedwi
tha
dev
iceasshowni
nthefi
gur
e3.
1bel
ow.
Fi
gur
e3.
1showst
her
eedswi
tchdev
ice.
(
i) Descri
behowt
her
eedswi
tchoper
atesbasedont
heci
rcui
tshowni
nfi
gur
e3.
0
above.
(
ii
) Wher
edoy
out
hinkt
hisappl
i
cat
ioncanr
eal
l
ybemade?
QUESTI
ONFOUR
Thedi
agr
am i
nfi
gur
e4.
0showsamagnetandacoi
l
.
Page|
72
FORI
Fi
gur
e4.
0coi
lwi
thamagnet
.
(
a) From t
hedi
agr
am i
nfi
gur
e4.
0whatshoul
dbet
hepol
ari
tyoft
hecoi
latposi
ti
onA
andB.
(
b) Ifdi
rect
ionoft
hemagneti
schanged,
whatef
fectwoul
dithav
eont
hepol
ari
tyt
he
coil
?
(
c) I
nthedi
agr
am i
nfi
gur
e4.
0,whati
sther
oleoft
hei
nst
rumentl
abel
edG?
(
d) I
ndicat
ethedir
ect
ionofcur
rentt
hrought
hewi
re,
whent
hemagneti
smov
ingi
nthe
di
recti
onshownabove.
QUESTI
ONFI
VE
Thedi
agr
am i
nfi
gur
e5.
0showst
heout
putsi
gnal
oft
het
ypeofgener
ator
.
Fi
gur
e5.
0showi
ngt
heout
putwav
esi
gnaloft
hegener
ator
.
(
a) Whati
sthet
ypeoft
hegener
atort
hatpr
oducest
hesi
gnal
shownabov
einf
igur
e
5.
0?
(
b) I
fthespeedoft
hegener
atorwasdoubl
edr
awawav
efor
m oft
hesi
gnal
produced.
(
c) I
noneoft
heout
putsignaladi
odewaspl
acedi
nthef
orwar
dbi
aswhatef
fectwi
l
l
i
thav
eint
hesi
gnaloutputoft
hewavef
orm?
(
d) Theotherwayofpr
oducingt
hewavef
orm suggest
edin(c)aboveist
ointr
oduce
sl
itr
ingsontheout
puttermi
nal
oft
hegenerat
or,asshowninfigur
e5.1bel
ow.
Page|
73
FORI
Fi
gur
e5.
1showi
ngspl
itr
ingsonout
put
.
(
i) Suggestt
heef
fectofr
ever
singt
hedi
rect
ionofr
otat
ionoft
hecoi
lofmanyt
urns.
(
ii
) Outl
i
net
hest
ruct
ural
dif
fer
encesi
nthebet
weent
hegener
atori
nfi
gur
e5.
0and
fi
gur
e5.
1
QUESTI
ONSI
X
Fi
g.6.1showsacoil
ofwirewoundonacardboar
dtube.
Ther
eisad.ccur
rentint
hecoil
.Thedi
rect
ionoft
hecurr
enti
sshowni
nthekey
.
(
a) OnFig.6.
1,dr
awthemagnet
icfi
eldpr
oducedbythecoil
.
(
b) Fi
g.6.2showsasi
mplel
oudspeakert
hatusest
hecoilshowni
nFi
g.6.
1at
tachedt
oa
Page|
74
FORI
Fi
gur
e6.
2showi
ngt
heconewi
tht
hecoi
lat
tached.
Thecoi
li
sconnectedtoasignalgenerator
.
Ther
eisanalt
ernat
ingcurr
entoffrequency100Hzint
hecoi
l
.
(i
)St
atewhatismeantbyaf r
equencyof100Hz.
(i
i
)Descr
ibeandexplai
nthemov ementoft hecoi
l
.
PHENOMENONOFELECTROMAGNETI
CINDUCTI
ON
Electr
omagnet icinduct
ioninvolv
estheinduci
ngofEMF/cur r
entinawir
ebycut t
ing
magnet i
cf l
ux)Far aday’
slaw
Factorsaffecti
ngmagni tudeanddirect
ionofinducedEMF:
i. speedofei thermagnetorcoil,
ii
i
. strengthofmagnet ,
iv
. numberoft urnsofacoi l
Thedirect
ionofi nducedcurrentcanbepredict
edusingLenzandFlemingr
ighthandlaw.
QUESTI
ONONE
Asmall
coili
sconnect
edtoasensi
ti
veammet
er.Theammet
erneedl
ecanmov
etoei
thersi
de
oft
hezeroposi
ti
onofanammeter.
Page|
75
FORI
a.Whatpol
ewi
l
lbeatendX?
b.I
ndi
cat
ecl
ear
lyont
hedi
agr
am t
hedi
rect
ionofi
nducedcur
rent
.
c. St
atet
wof
act
orst
hatwoul
dincr
easet
hesi
zeofi
nducedcur
rent
d.Topr
edi
ctt
hedi
rect
ionofi
nducedcur
rent
,Lenz’
slawcanbeused.
Stat
eLenz’
slaw.
e. Pr
edi
ctt
hepol
eonendYont
hef
igur
ebel
ow.
QUESTI
ONTWO
Thedi
agram bel
owshowstheconst
ruct
ionofasi
mpl
ea.
c.gener
ator
.Whent
hecoi
li
srot
ated
ane.
m.f.i
sinducedi
nthecoi
l.
Page|
76
FORI
a)Whati sthenameoft hepart

slabelledPandQ
b)gi venthatcurr
entfl
owsf r
om Zt oY, st
atethepolesthatareonAandB.Expl
ainhowy ou
i
dent i
fi
edthepoles
c) Explai
nwhyemfi si
nducedinthecoi l
d)St atetwoway sinwhichtheinducedemfcanber educed
e) Explai
nt hechangeyoucandot hedev iceabovesothatitbecomesadcgenerat
or
f) sketchagr aphyouexpecttoobtainwhent heoutputvolt
ageofanacgener
atorisconnect
ed
toacat hoderayosci
ll
oscope.Thegr aphshouldstartwhenthecoi
li
shori
zontal
.
QUESTIONTHREE
Thediagr
am bel
owshowsasi
mpl
est
ruct
ureofat
ransf
ormer
.
a)Namet hetypeoft r
ansformershownandexplai
nwhyy ougi v
eitt
hatname
b)Expl ai
nwhyasof ti
roncoreisusedrat
herthanst
eel.
c) Calcul
atethecurrenti
nt hepr
imarycoi
lgi
v ent
hatthetransf
ormeris100%eff
ici
ent
.
d)Thesecondar ycoi l
has1500t ur
ns.Howmanyt urnsareinthepri
marycoi
l?
e) Explai
nthemeani ngofeachoft hef
oll
owing
i
) Copperlosses
i
i) Ir
onlosses
i
ii
) Eddycurrent
Page|
77
FORI
QUESTI
ONFOUR
a)Dr awthedi agram ofat ransfor
mert hatt
hatcanr educevol t
agef r
om 240Vt o12V
b)Thet r
ansf ormerina)abov ecanbeusedt ochargeabat t
er ythatcanbeusedasapower
bankforaNoki aphone.Thi scanbedonebypassi nganel ectri
ccurrentof2.
5A
i
) Drawaci r
cuitdiagram toshowhowt heoutputoft hetransformercanbe
connect edtoelectri
calcomponent stoachievethis.
i
i) Explainhowy oucant el
lthatthebatt
eryisfull
ychar ged
QUESTI
ONFI VE
Thedi
agram bel
owshowsamodel
ofpowert
ransmi
ssi
onsy
stem t
hati
sdoneatchi
shi
mba
fal
l
s
a)Explai
nt hepurposeoftransformerlabell
edA
b)Whyi sitthatthecur
rentinthecablesisv eryl
ow?
c) Cal
culat
et hepowerthatisbeingtransmittedt
hroughthecabl
esgi
vent
hatt
hecabl
esar
e
car
ryi
ngcur r
entof2.
0Aandt heyhav etheresi
stanceof10Ω.
BASI
CELECTRONI
CS
THERMI
ONI
CEMI
SSI
ON
 El
ect
roni
csi
sthebr
anchofphy
sicst
hatst
udi
esel
ect
ri
candel
ect
roni
ccomponent
s.
 Cathoder
aysarebeamsoff
ast–mov
ingel
ect
rons.Cat
hoder
aysar
epr
oducedby
ther
mioni
cemissi
ons
 Thermioni
cemissi
onsi
nvol
vet
her
eleaseofel
ect
ronsf
rom heat
edcat
hodewheni
t
reacheswhit
e.
Pr opert
iesofcathoderay s
Cathoderaysare
i
. Defl
ectedbyelectri
candmagnet i
cfi
eld
i
i. Thetraveli
nast r
aightli
neetc.
i
ii
. Theyposseskineticenergy
Cat hoderaysareproducedintheCathodeRayOscil
loscope(
CRO)
.ACROconsi
stsofa
cathoderaytubeandaddi t
ionalci
rcui
tel
ements.I
tcanbeusedtodi
spl
aywav
eforms,t
o
Page|
78
FORI
det
ermi
nef
requenci
esandt
omeasur
evol
tages,
etc
QUESTI
ONSONE
Thedi
agr
am bel
owshowsanexper
imentt
odemonst
rat
ether
mioni
cemi
ssi
on
(
a)Expl
ainwhatismeantbyt hetermt hermi oni
cemi ssi
on.
(
b)Namet hetwoelectrodesinthegl asstube.
(
c)Suggestwhytheglasst ubeshouldbeav acuum.
(
d)Howdoy outell
thatt heparti
clesar ebeingemi t
tedfrom t
hecathodefil
ament?
(
e)Suggestwhatwoul dhappeni fthecur r
entwer eswitchedofft
hroughthefil
ament
.
(
f)Expl
ainwhatwillhappeni ft
hecat hodeandanodeconnect i
onsar er
eversed.
(
g)Whatisthechargeoft heparticl
ebei ngemi t
ted?
QUESTI
ONTWO
Thedi
agr
am bel
owshowst
heconst
ruct
ionofasi
mpl
eCat
hoder
ayosci
l
loscope(
C.R.
O).
Page|
79
FORI
(
a)Namet het
hree(3)mai nfeat
uresofthecat hoder ayosci
l
loscope.
(
b)Explainhowelectr
onsint heosci
ll
oscopear e:-
(
i)Emitt
ed ( i
i
)givenkineti
cenergy(accelerated)
(c)Suggestthefuncti
onoft he(i
)Gri
d. ( i
i
) Anodes
(
d)Namet hepart
slabeledpandQandst atet heirfuncti
on.
(
e)Whent herei
sav olt
ageof150Vacr osst hepl at
el abel
edP,thedotont
hescr
eeni
sdef
lect
ed
by13mm.
(
h)Esti
mat ethedef
lect
ionoft
hedotwhenthev
olt
ageacrosspi si
ncr
easedto250V.
(i
i
)Expl
ainthenormaluseofthepl
atel
abel
edPinanoscil
loscopewhentheosci
l
loscopei
s
usedtodispl
ayawav efor
m.
QUESTI
ONTHREE
I
fthegai
ncont
roli
ssett
o50mV/cm andt
he
t
imebasecont
rol
to10ms/cm.
Cal
cul
atet
he
a) Per
iod
b) f
requency
Thedi
agr
am bel
owshowsthewav
eform
pr
oducedont
hescr
eenoft
heC.
R.O.whenanA.Ci
ssuppl
yisconnect
edt
othei
nput
Page|
80
FORI
QUESTI
ONFOUR
.Fi
g.2.
0showsatraceobtai
nedonanosci l
l
oscopescr
een.
Theti
mebaseissetat10ms/ cm
i
. Det
ermi
netheti
mef oronecompl eteoscil
l
ati
ononthescr
een.
Calcul
atethefrequencyofthesi
gnalappl
i
ed
QUESTI
ONFI
VE
Thedi
agr
am bel
owshowsapot
ent
ial
div
iderci
rcui
t.Aweakl
i
ghti
sfal
l
ingont
heLDR
a)Namet
hecomponentmar
kedwi
tht
hel
ett
erX
b)Namet
hedev
icet
hatcanbeconnect
edatAt
omeasur
ether
ateoff
lowofchar
ge
c) Theresi
storhasaresi
stanceof500Ωandt
hev
oltmet
err
eads4.
0V.Whati
sthev
olt
age
acr
ossthe500Ωr esi
stor
?
d)Whati
sthecur
rentt
hrought
heLDR?
e) Whati
sther
esi
stanceoft
heLDRatt
hisl
i
ghti
ntensi
ty?
f
) Whenabr
ightl
i
ghtfal
l
sont
heLDR,
whathappenedt
oit
sresi
stanceandt
hev
olt
age
acr
ossaf
ixedr
esi
stor
?
Page|
81
FORI
QUESTI
ONSI
X
Thedi
agram bel
owshowst
hecol
or-codedbandsonar
esi
storandt
het
abl
eshowi
ngt
he
col
orcodes
a)St
atet
hecol
our
sont
hef
ir
stt
hreebandsofa4700Ωr
esi
stor
b)Dr
awaci
rcui
tsy
mbol
foranANDgat
e
c) Compl
etet
het
abl
ebel
ow f
oranANDgat
e
QUESTI
ONSEVEN
Page|
82
FORI
Thef
igur
ebel
owshowsat
ransi
storusedi
ntheci
rcui
tofasi
mpl
emoi
stur
edet
ect
or.
(
a) Describewhathappenswhent
hewaterl
evel
inthebeaker
reachesthemetalcont
act
s.
(
b) Stateoneuseforthi
ssimpl
emoist
uredet
ector
.
QUESTI
ONEI
GHT
Thedi
agr
am bel
owshowsasi
mpl
eti
medel
ayci
rcui
tthatusesat
ransi
storandacapaci
tor
.
a)Descr
ibewhathappent
othel
ampwhenbot
hS1andS2ar
ecl
osed.
b)Expl
aini
ndet
ail
whathappenswhenS1i
sopenedkeepi
ngS2cl
osed
c) Stat
etwoway
sinwhi
chthet
imeittakesf
ort
hel
ampt
oswi
tchof
fift
heci
rcui
tist
obe
usedasat
imedel
aymaybei
ncreased.
QUESTI
ONNI
NE
Thedi
agr
am showsacont
rol
syst
em whi
chmaybef
it
tedi
nanaut
omat
icwashi
ngmachi
ne.
Page|
83
FORI
a)Whi
chpar
toft
hesy
stem f
ormst
hecont
rol
cir
cui
t?
b)Whatcondi
ti
onswi
l
lst
opt
hemachi
nef
rom wor
king?
QUESTI
ONTEN
Acarmaybefi
ttedwit
hanautomat
icpar
kingli
ghtwhichswit
chesonwhent
hecari
spar
kedat
ni
ght
.Thedi
agram bel
owshowsanincomplet
esystem forapar
kingl
i
ght
a)Nameal
ogi
cgat
emar
kedA
b)Copyandcompl
etet
hediagr
am t
oshowhowaNOTgat
ecanbeusedt
omakeapar
king
l
ightwor
k.Uset
hecorr
ectsy
mbolforaNOTgat
e.
QUESTI
ONELEVEN
Thecir
cui
tdiagr
am bel
owshowsonedesi
gnforaburgl
aral
arm.Thealar
mi sact
ivat
edwhena
bur
glarst
epsontoapressur
eswi
tch,
S,pl
acedhi
ddenunderthedoormat.
Page|
84
FORI
a)Copyandcomplet
ethet
rut
ht abl
etoshowwhathappenst
otheout
put
sXandYwhen
thebur
glarst
epsont
oandthenofft
hedoormat.
S R X Y
Bur
glarst
epsontothedoormat 1 0
Bur
glarst
epsofft
hedoormat 0 0
b)Expl
aini
ntermsofout
putsXandY,theeff
ectontheal
armi
ftheswi
tchRi
s
momentari
lycl
osedaf
tert
heal
arm hasbeenact
ivat
ed.
ATOMI
CANDNUCLEARPHYSI
CS
QUESTI
ONONE
a.Defi
nethefoll
owingt erms
i
. Mass(Nucl eon)number
i
i. Atomic(Proton)number
b.TwoisotopesofThor ium decaysbyemi
tt
inganal
phapar
ti
cle.Themassandat
omi
c
numbersaregiveni nthetablebel
ow.
S/
N Mass Atomi
c
number number
1 234 90
2 235 90
i
.St
atet
henumberofpr
otonsandneut
ronf
ori
sot
ope1.
Page|
85
FORI
i
i
.Constr
uctanequat
iont
oshowt hedecayofi
sot
ope2byalphar
adi
ati
on.
c. Expl
ainwhyal
phapart
icl
eshaveastrongi
oni
zat
ionef
fect
.
QUESTIONTWO
(
a)Def
inet
het
erm hal
f-
li
fe.
(b)Ar adi
oact ivesubstancehasamassof160g.I tshalf
-li
fe
is40y ears.
(i)Howmuchoft hissubstancewil
l r
emai naf ter200y ears.
(c)Thef ol
lowi ngwereobt ai
nedf r
om ther eadingofacount er
connect edt oaGeiger-Mull
ertubeplacedi nf r
ontof
r adi
oact iv
esour ce.Giventhatthecorrectedcount sof
backgr oundr adiati
onrecordedbyt heGeiger -
Mul l
ert ubewas15.
Time( s) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Cor
rect
edcount
s 135 89 53 45 35 27 23 20
(
i) Drawanot hert
abl
eshowingtheactual
cor
rect
edcount
stakingi
ntoaccountoft
he
background.
(
ii
) Pl
ott
hegr aphofthecount
-r
ateagai
nstti
meanddeducethehalf
-l
if
eofradi
oacti
ve.
QUESTI
ONTHREE
(a)Urani
um-234decaystopolonium-218byemi t
tingal
phapar
ti
cles.Theat
omi
cnumberof
urani
um is92.
(i
)Writedownthenuclearequat
ionrepresent
ingthedecay.
(i
i)Howmanyal phaparti
clesar
eemi tt
ed?
(
b)Ur ani
um -234undergoesdecaytobecomeNeptunium (
Np)ofat
omi
cnumber93.
(
i)
Findthenumberofbet apar t
icl
esemit
tedi
ntheprocess.
(i
i)
Wr i
tedownt henuclearequati
ont
oshowthedecay .
(
c)Bi
smut
hunder
goesaser
iesofdecaypr
ocessesf
ir
stbyr
eleasi
ngt
wo(
2)al
phapar
ti
cles,
t
henone(
1)bet
apar
ti
clef
oll
owedbygammar
ays.
(
i)
Stat
ethemassofanal
phapar
ti
cle.
(
ii
)Wr
it
edownt
hechar
geonanal
phapar
ti
cle.
(
ii
i)
Show,
bywayofconst
ruct
ingdecayequat
ions
QUESTI
ONFOUR
(
a)Def
inet
het
erm hal
f-
li
fe.
Page|
86
FORI
b)Radon-
222hashal
f-
li
feof4days.Asampl
eofr
adonhasmassof
64g.
Howmanygramswil
lremainaft
er:
-
(i
)4days (i
i
)8day s
(
c)Thegr
aphbel
owshowshowsomeat
omsofar
adi
oact
ivesubst
ancedecay
ed.
(
i)St
atet
hev
alueoft
hehal
f-
li
feoft
he
substance.Showhowy ouar
ri
vedat
theanswery ouranswer
(
ii
)Thehal
f-
li
feofanot
hersubstanceis
10minut
es.Whatisthefr
act i
onof
thi
ssamplehasdecayedafter30
mi
nut
es?
(
c)(
ii
)Whatisthef
ract
ionoft
he
ed?
undecay
QUESTI
ONFI
VE
(
a)Wr
it
edownf
ourusesofr
adi
oact
iver
adi
ati
ons
(
b)Li
stthreedangersofradioact
iveradi
ati
ons.
(
c)St
atetheprecauti
onwhi chmustbet akenwhenhandl
i
ngr
adi
oact
ivesubst
ances.
(
d)Descri
behowr adioact
ivesubstancesarest
ored.
QUESTIONSI X
Astream ofchar
gedparti
clesi
sdefl
ect
edinmagneti
cfiel
d.Thediagram bel
owshowsal
pha
betaandgammar adi
ati
onsbeingemi
ttedf
rom ar
adioact
ivesourceSintother
egi
onwher
e
therei
smagnet i
cfiel
d.
(
a) (
i)
Suggestwhi
choneoft
het
hreet
racksA,
BorCshowst
he
gammaradi
ati
on.
(
ii
)Gi
vear
easonforyouranswer
.
(
b) ThetracksAandCshowopposi t
edef
lect
ions.Whatdoesthi
s
tel
lyouaboutthedi
ff
erencebet
weentheradi
ati
onAandC?
(
c) Suggestwhythedefl
ecti
onofCismuchstrongert
hanthatof
A.
Page|
87
FORI
QUESTI ONSEVEN
Thef ol
l
owingwereobtainedfrom t
her eadingofacount
erconnect
edtoaGeiger-
Mul
l
ertube
placedinfr
ontofaradi
oactiv
esour ce.Plotthegr
aphofthecount-
rat
eagai
nstti
meanddeduce
theHalf-
li
feofr
adioact
ive.
Ti
me(s) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Cor
rect
edcount
s 120 74 48 30 20 12 8
(
a)Whati s?
I.Anal phapar ticle
I
I.Bet apar t
icle
II
I.Gammapar t
icle
(b)
(i
)Asci entistcl aimst hatasmal lr
adioact
ivesourceisemitt
ingalpha,bet
aandgamma
particl
e.Gi v eanout li
nedescript
ionofanexper i
mentwhi chcouldbecar
ri
edoutt
o
checkt hecl aim.
(i
i)Whatobser vati
onswoul dbemadedur i
ngtheexperi
ment ?
(i
i)
Whati sar adi oisotope?
(c) Acer tainr adioacti
vesourceemi t
sparti
cleswhichmakest rai
ght
tracksi nacl oudchamber .Explai
nhowt hetracksarefor
medand
suggestwhyt heyar eallstr
aight.
QUESTI
ONEI
GHT
Thedi
agram bel
owshowst
hepenet
rat
ingpowerofthe3radi
oacti
veradi
ati
ons.I
dent
if
ythe
r
adiat
ionsP,
QandRandsuggesttheabsor
bingmater
ial
M, CandJ.
Page|
88
FORI
a.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngr
adi
ati
onsi
sa
i
. Bet
a
i
i
. Al
pha
i
i
i. Gamma
b.Suggestt
hemat
eri
alsf
rom whi
chJmustbemadef
rom
c. Expl
ainonet
heuseofr
adi
ati
onR
QUESTIONNINE
Thetabl
ebel
owgiv
esdet
ail
saboutsomer
adi
oact
ivei
sot
opes.
(a)(i)Urani um- 235hasapr otonnumber( atomicnumber )of92andanucl eon number

(massnumber )of235. Descri
bet hestructureofanat om ofUranium-235.
(i
i)Ur anium- 235andUr anium-238ar eisotopes.Explainwhatismeantbyt hi
s
statement .
(i
ii
)Ur anium- 235canbei nvol
v edinnuclearf i
ssi
on.Describewhathappenst oanucleusin
nuclearf ission.
(i
v)Whent heEar thwasf ormedt herewasabout64t i
mesmor eUr ani
um 235presentthant
here
i
snow.Uset hisi nformati
ontoest imatetheageoft heEarth.
(b)Radi oact ivesour cesareusedt odetectl eaksfr
om pipesunder gr
ound.
Al i
qui dcont ainingt hesourceisplacedint hepipe.Somel iqui
dleaks from thepipeandthen
Page|
89
FORI
radi
ati
oni temi
tscanbedet ectedaboveground.
(i
)Statethemostsuitableradi
oacti
veisot
opeinTabl
e11.1fort
hispurpose.
(i
i)Expl
ainwhyt hehalf
-l
ifeoft
heisotopeyouhavechosenandtheradi
ati
onitemi
tsar
e
suit
ableforthi
spurpose.
QUESTI
ONTEN
a.Stat
ethenatureof
i
. Alphaparti
cles
i
i. Betapart
icl
es
i
ii
. Gammar ay s
b.Expl
ainwhyt he
i
. Alphaparti
cleshaveastr
ongionizati
onef
fect
i
i. Betapart
icl
esar edef
lect
edtowardtheposit
ivepl
atei
nanel
ect
ri
cfi
eld.
i
ii
. Gammar ay shaveahighpenetr
atingpower
QUESTI
ONELEVEN
Thef
igur
ebel
owshowst
hepr
ocesst
hatoccur
sint
hecor
eofanucl
earr
eact
or.
(
a)St
atethenameoftheprocessi
l
lust
ratedinthef
igur
eabov
e.
(
b)Descr
ibewhathappensduri
ngt
hisprocess.
Page|
90
FORI
Sol
uti
ons
MEASUREMENTS
QUESTI
ONONE
Basi
cUni
t Sy
mbol Quanti
tyMeasured
METRE m Length
Ki
logram kg MASS
SECOND s Time
Amper e A Curr
ent
Kelv
in K TEMPERATURE
CANDELA Cd LuminousI
ntensi
ty
Mole mol AmountofSubstance
Tabl
e1
Der
ivedUni
t Symbol Quanti
tyMeasured
m/s SpeedorVeloci
ty
Metr
epersecondsquar
ed Accel
erat
ion/Decel
arat
ion
Ki
l
ogram metr
epersecondsquar
ed kgm/s2
kgm2/
s2 Ener
gy
orj
Amper
esecond Quanti
tyofel
ect
ri
cit
y
Tabl
e2
Page|
91
FORI
QUESTI
ONTWO
i
i
) 0.
0067135=(6.71X10-3) (
ii
)299987345=(3.00X108)
(
ii
i) 0.
0101010=(1.01X10-2) (
iv)20000000=(
2.00X107)
0
(
v) 9=( 9.00X10)
LENGHTANDTI
ME
QUESTI
ONONE
(
i) 46cm
(
ii
) Pl
acet
heey
eatacor
rectposi
ti
onwhenv
iewi
ngt
hescal
e
(
ii
i) Cl
ampABwi
tht
hecal
i
per
sthent
ransf
ert
hel
engt
hont
her
uler
(
iv) 46x10=460mm.
QUESTI
ONTWO
(
i) Mi
cromet
erscr
ewgauge
(
ii
) A=sl
eev
e
B=Thi
mbl
e
(
ii
i) A=3.
50mm
B=0.
46mm
(
iv) Readi
ng=3.
96mm
(
v) 7.
88–0.
90=6.
98mm
(
vi) Thezer
omar
kont
himbl
escal
emustbei
nli
newi
tht
hemar
kont
hesl
eev
escal
e
QUESTI
ONTHREE
(
a)(
i)Wi
pecl
eant
heanv
ilandt
hespi
ndl
e.
(
ii
)Zer
othei
nst
rument
(
b)Ver
nierScal
e=0.
020cm
Mai
nScal
e=2.
20cm
Readi
ng=2.
220cm
Page|
92
FORI
(
c)(
1)t
omeasur
eext
ernal
diamet
er(
ext
ernal
jaws)
(
2)t
omeasur
eint
ernal
diamet
er(
int
ernal
jaws)
(
3)t
omeasur
edept
hofhol
es(
stem)
(
d)Par
t3
QUESTI
ONFOUR
(
a)At
oCandbackt
oA
(
b)(
i)T=t
/n=10s/
3/4=10x4/
3=13.
33sec
(
ii
)f=1/
T=1/
13.
333=0.
75Hz
(
c)t=Tn=13.
33x20=266.
6S
(
d)t=n/
f=40/
25=1.
6s
QUESTI
ONFI
VE
(
a)T=t
/n=96/
6=16sec
(
b)f=1/
T=1/
16=0.
0625Hz
(
c)t
imet
akent
ocov
er100m i
sequal
toaper
iod=16sec
QUESTI
ONSI
X
(
a)4.
54m =4540mm
(
b)0.
00068m =0.
68mm
(
c)4m =4000mm
(
d)12/
60=0.
2mi
n
( 8x1013m 86400sec
e)6.
MASSANDWEI
GHT
QUESTI
ONONE
a.Massofanobj
ect=50kg
b.W=mg
W=50kgx1.
6N/
Kg
Page|
93
FORI
W=80N
Mass Weight
Itmeasur
edi
nkil
ograms Itmeasuredinnewtons
Themassofanobjectdoesnot Theweightofanobj ectchangesdue
change tochangesi ngr
avi
tationalst
rength
Itmeasur
esusi
ngtri
plebeam bal
ance Iti
smeasur edusi
nganewt onmet er
spri
ngbalance
Massist
hequant
it
yofmat
teri
nan Weightisthegravi
tati
onalpullexert
ed
obj
ect onanobj ect.
QUESTIONTWO
a.A=Tr i
plebeam bal ance
B=Newt onmet er
b.A=Mass
B=Weight
c. Tomeasur ethemassofal i
quid,
youneedt ousei nstrumentAandabeakerorany
cont
ainer.
i
. Placet heempt ybeakeront hepanandr ecordthemassasM1
i
i. Pourt heli
quidi nthebeakerandmeasur ethemassoft hebeakerandthe
l
iquidasM2
i
ii
. Themassoft hel i
quidist
hencalcul atedbysubt ract
ingM1(massoft he
empt ybeaker )from theM2(massoft hebeakerandt heli
qui
d)
M=M2- M1
QUESTI
ONTHREE
a)Uset heformul a;weight=massxaccel erat
ionduet ogr avi
ty
Mass=wei ght/gravit
y=50/ 10=5. 0Kg
b)Thewei ghtwi l
lchangebecausegr avi
tyisdifferentinJupi t
er.
c) Weight=mg=5. 00x16. 00=80N
DENSI
TY
QUESTI
ONONE
a)Defi
nit
ions:
i) Densit
yist
hemassperuni
tvol
umeorconcent
rat
ionofmat
teri
nauni
t
vol
ume
ii
) Rati
oofmassofali
qui
dtomassofequalvol
umeofwater
ii
i
) Amountofspaceoccupiedbyanobj
ect
Page|
94
FORI
b)Si
ncethet wol
iquidshavethesamev
olume,
makeuseoft
hemassanddensi
ty
ofwatertocal
culatet
hev ol
umeofoi
l.
c)i
)Relati
vedensi
tybottl
e
pr
ocedur
e:
Wei
ghaclean,dryemptydensitybott
leonabeam balance(m1).Fil
lthebot t
lewith
wat
erandputastopper
.Wipetheoutsi
deandtopofthest
opperusingabl ot
ti
ngpaper.
Wei
ghthebott
lecontai
ningwater(m2)
.Emptythebott
leandfi
lli
twi t
ht heli
quid(not
wat
er)
.Weighthebottl
ewi t
htheliqui
d(m3)
.Thenfindtherel
ati
vedensi tyusi
ngt he
f
oll
owi
ngformul
a:
Rel
ati
vedensi
ty=m3–m1/
m2–m1=mliquid /mwater
Mul
ti
plyt
her
elat
ivedensi
t cm3(
yby1g/ densi
tyofwat
er)t
ofi
ndt
hedensi
tyoft
hel
i
qui
d.
d) Pourwat eri
ntoadrycl
eanmeasuri
ngcyl
inderandrecor
dit
sv ol
ume( V1)
.Then
ti
east onetoat hi
nthreadandgentl
yl oweriti
ntothemeasur i
ngcy l
inder
containi
ngwaterandnotethevol
ume(V2).Thevol
umeoft hestone(V)ist he
di
fferencebet
weenV2andV1.
 Vol
umeofst
one(
V)=V2–V1
Tieastonetoafloat
ingobj
ectandrepeatt
heprocedur
esabovet
ofi
ndthetot
alvol
ume
VTofthestoneandthefl
oati
ngobject
.Deter
minethevolumeoft
hef
loat
ingbyusi
ng
thef
ormula:VF=VT–V
WHERE:VF=VOLUMEOFAFLOATI
NGOBJECT
VT=VOLUMEOFSTONE+VF
V=VOLUMEOFSTONE
e)i
)uset
hef
or a:Re
mul l
ati
vedensi
ty=m3–m1/
m2–m1=mliquid /mwater
ii
i) usedensit
y=mass/v ol
ume
Page|
95
FORI
VECTORS
QUESTI
ONONE
(
i) (
a)Scal
arquant
it
yhasmagni
tudeonl
ybutnodi
rect
ion
(
b)Vect
orhasbot
hmagni
tudeanddi
rect
ion
(
ii
) Anyv
ect
orquant
it
yandanyscal
arquant
it
y
(
ii
i) (
a)5N
(
b)i
twi
l
lmov
edownt
her
amp
(
c)F=5N-
1N=4N
QUESTI
ONTWO
(
a)Ftotal=(
200+70)-
140=130N
(
b)Fr
esul
tant=130N
(
c)t
hel
ockerwi
l
lbest
ati
onar
y
(
d)si
ncet
hef
orcesar
ebal
anced,
ther
esul
tantf
orcei
szer
o.
QUESTI
ONTHREE
Makeconst
ruct
ionsusi
ngpar
all
elogr
am r
ule.
LI
NEARMOTI
ON
QUESTI
ONONE
a.Accel
erat
ioni
sther
ateofchangeofv
eloci
ty
b.i
.a=?
,u=0,
v=120m/
s,t=1mi
n=60s
a= v -
u/t
60s
i
i. a= v -
u/t
a = 0m/ s-
120m/s =4m/ s2
30s
2
i
i
i.s=utx1/2at
s=0x60x1/ 2x2m/s2 x3600s2
s=3600m or3.6km
Page|
96
FORI
QUESTI
ONTWO
a)i)thecarwasacceler
ati
ng
i
v) thecarwasmov i
ngwithaconst
antv
eloci
ty
v) thecarwasdeceler
ati
ng
vi
) speed=changeindist
ance/ti
me
=8-4/
0.5=4/0.5=8m/s
QUESTI
ONTHREE
a.Tot alt
ime=60s
b.Maxi mum v el
ocit
y=10m/ s
c. I
nt hefi
rst10sthecaraccel
erat
eduni
for
mlybet
weenOAandi
nthenext30st
hecar
mov edwithaconstantvel
oci
tyatAB
d.i. a= v -
u
t
a = 10m/ s-0m/s = 1m/ s2
10s
i
i.Tot
aldi
stancecov
ered=ar
eaundert
hegr
aph
1
T.d= (a+b)h
2
1
T.d= (30+60)10
2
1
T.d= (90)10
2
T.d=450m
QUESTI
ONFOUR
a.Total
mass=70kg+30kg=100kg
b.i
.v=20m/s,
s=50m-45m =5m, t
=?
s
v=
t
s 5m
t
= t
= t=0.
25s
v 20m/s
0-20m/s
i
i
.a=v-
u/t t
= t s2
=8m/
0.
25s
c. Consequencesofov erspeedinge.
g.br
akef ai
l
urer
esul
ti
ngi
ntocarcr
ush,l
ossof
control
d. Tor educeoverspeedi ng,thefoll
owingmeasuredareputinplace;speedl
i
mit
s
,roadhumps, speedtrapsetc.
e. l
ossofcontrolandcarcr ushoracci
dents.
QUESTI
ONFI
VE
Page|
97
FORI
a.wei ghtandairrési
stance
b.Whenar aindropisreleasedfr
om thecloud,i
taccel
erat
esunif
ormlyuntilapointwhen
theweightofthedropequal st
heopposi ngf
orcewhichist
heairresi
stance.Atthi
s
stagethedropfall
swi t
haconst antspeedcal
ledter
minalv
eloci
tyuntili
tstri
kestheroof
top.
s
c. v=
t
1000m
v= =4m/ s
250s
QUESTI
ONSI
X
a.v2=u2+2as
02=402+2(
-10)
s
0-
1600=-
20s
S=80m
b.t=2u/g
t
=2x40m/
s/ s2
10m/
t
=8s
c.
FORCES
QUESTIONONE
a)pul
lorpushonanobject
b)usetheequat
ionv =u2+2ast
2
osol
vef
oraccel
erat
iont
henappl
y
Newton’
ssecondlawofmoti
on;F=ma
Page|
98
FORI
c)Veri
fi
cat
ionofHook’
slaw
Experi
ment
Suspendaspr
ingv
ert
ical
l
yfr
om ar
igi
dsuppor
t.Pl
acea100cm r
ulenextt
othe
spr
ingasshown.
cm
Met
rer
ule
El
ast
icmat
eri
al
St
andar
dmasses
Fixapoi ntert
ot helowerendoft hespr i
ng.Not
etheinit
ialreadi
ngont hemetrerule.
Addst andardmasses, e.
g.20g,
tot helowerendoft
heelasticmateri
al(
spri
ng)oneata
ti
me.
Mar kthenewposi ti
onoft hepointereachtimeastandar
dmassi sadded.Recordthe
readingsintheresul
tstabl
e.
Load(
g) Ext
ension(
cm) Ext
ension/Load
1 20 10 0.50
2 40 20 0.50
Page|
99
FORI
3 60 30 0.
50
4 80 40 0.
50
5 100 43 0.
43
Plotagr
aphofextensi
onagai
nstloadusi
ngther
esul
tsi
nthe
t
able.Astraight
-l
inegraphwil
lbeobt
ained.Thi
sshowsthattheext
ensi
onoft
hespri
ng
i
sdirect
lyproport
ional
tothe
l
oad.
Ext
ensi
on(
cm)
Load(
g)
Not
e:Whenthel
imi
tofproport
ional
i
tyi
sexceeded,t
heextensi
on–l oadgraphwillbea
curv
e.ThismeansthatHook’slaw i
snol ongerobeyed.Onlythestrai
ght-l
i
ne
regi
onfol
l
owsHook’slaw.
 Ont
heabov
egr
aph,t
her
egi
onf
rom xt
oyshowst
hespr
ingdi
sobey
ingHook’
s
l
aw.
 Whati
stheel
ast
icl
imi
tint
heexampl
e?I
tis80gor0.
8N.
QUESTI
ONTWO
a)Lett
heor
igi
nal
lengt
hbeequal
tox
[
(L1–x) /
(m1g)]=[
(L2–x)
/(m2g)]
(10–x) /
(0.
4x10)=(13–x)/(
0.8x10)
Thensolveforx
(Othermethodsmayappl
y)
b)Uset
heequat
ionF=mV2/
radi
us(
r)
Page|
100
FORI
1µm =10-6m)
(
QUESTI
ONTHREE
a)Duet oinert
ia,y
out endtokeeponmov i
nginast r
aightli
neataconst ant
velocit
y,si
ncey ourmassresist
schangeinit
smot ion.
b)Similarexpl
anationasin(a)
c)Becausei thasal ar
gemass, i
thasalar
geinert
iasinceiner
tiadependsont he
mass.
d)Duet oinert
ia,y
out endtoremaini
nyourstat
eofr est,
asar esul
tyouf eel
as
thoughy oumov ebackwards.
QUESTI
ONFOUR
2
a)Uset heequationa=( v –u2)/
2s
=(202–102)/
2x100
2
=0.75m/s
b)F=ma
=800x0. 75
=600N
c)Fnet=600+500
=1100N
d)Frict
ionforcemustbeequal i
nmagnitudebutopposi
tei
ndi
rect
ionwi
tha
towingforceforitt
omov ewi
thaconstantv
eloci
ty;
=500N
QUESTI
ONFI
VE
a)8000N–7650N
=350N
b)a=F/ m
=350/765
=0.46m/ s2
c)astheballoonmov esup,theaccelerati
ondecreasesbecauset
he
ball
oonisslowl yappr oachingter
mi nalvel
ocit
y
d)Theaccelerationincreasesbecauset hemassisdecreasi
ng.Fr
om
Newton’ssecondl awofmot i
on,massi sinver
selypropor
ti
onalt
o
mass.
MOMENTS
QUESTI
ONONE
(
i) Momenti
sthet
urni
ngef
fectofaf
orce.
(
ii
) Forabodyt
obeinequi
l
ibr
ium,t
hesum oft
hecl
ockwisemomentsaboutapoi
nt
mustbeequal
tot
hesum ofant
icl
ockwi
semomentsaboutanypoi
nt.
Page|
101
FORI
(
ii
i) Sum Cl
ockwi
se=sum ant
icl
ockwi
se
(
100x32)+(
20x10)
/4=4F/
4,F=3400/
4=850N
(
iv) Ashor
tspannercr
eat
esalowturni
ngef
fectt
hanal ongspanner
,hencel
argerf
orce
i
sneededtounscr
ewthenutusi
ngashort
erspanner.
(
v) (
i)F1s+F1s1+F2s2=F3s3.=F1x30+F1x20+50x10=4000x10=30F1+20F1+500
=4000=50F1=35000t heref
oreF1=39500/
50=790N
(
ii
)Incr
easet
hel
engt
hoft
hel
ever
.
QUESTI
ONTWO
(
a)Onabackwheel
(
b)Cl
ockwi
semoment=30000x10=300000Nm
(
c)Fx=300000/
20=15000N
(
d)I
ntr
oduceanot
herwheel
bet
weent
het
wobackwheel
s.
Wor
k,ener
gyandpower
QUESTI
ON1
a.i
.wor
kist
hepr
oductoff
orceanddi
stancemov
edi
nthedi
rect
ionoff
orce
i
i
.ener
gyi
stheabi
l
ityt
odowor
k
Page|
102
FORI
i
i
i.poweri
sther
ateatwhi
chwor
kisdone
b.a.w=mg
w=20kgx10N/
Kg
w=200kg
b.
wd=Fxd
Wd=600Nx2.
5m
Wd=1500j
wd 1500j
c.i
.P= = =60wat
ts
t 25s
wor
koutput
i
i
.Ef
f= x100%
worki
nput
1500
Ef
f= x100% =83.
3%
1800j
d.I
twi
l
lreduced,
becausesomeener
gyi
slostduet
ofr
ict
inf
orce
QUESTI
ON2
T1+T2+T3
a..Tav
A=
3
0.
56+0.
54+0.
55
Tav
A= =0.
55s
3
b.Hei
ght=20X20cm =400cm/
m/100cm =4m
c.i
.GPE=mgh
GPE=50Kgx10N/
Kgx4m
GPE=2000J
wd 2000j
i
i
.P= = =363.
63wat
ts
t 0.55s
d.Thi
sisbecauset
hedi
stancemov
edi
snot
eint
hesamedi
rect
ionoft
hef
orce.
Page|
103
FORI
QUESTI
ON3
a.I
nter
nal
pot
ent
ial
ener
gy
b.GPE=mgh
GPE=25Kgx10N/
Kgx1.
8m
GPE=450J
1 2
c. KE= mv
2
1 2
450 = x25v
2
V=6m/
s
d.I
nter
nal
pot
ent
ial
ener
gy[
soundandheat
]
QUESTI
ON4
POTENTI
ALENERGY KI
NETI
CENERGY
Sound
chemi
cal
Li
ght
Gr
avi
tati
onal
PE
El
ast
ic El
ect
ri
c
d.Pri
nci
pleofenergyconser
v at
ionst
atest
hatener
gycannei
therbecr
eat
ednor
dest
royedbutconvert
edfrom oneformtoanot
her.
c.
i
.El
ect
ri
cbul
b
Page|
104
FORI
El
ect
ri
cal Li
ght
Heat
i
i
.Carbat
ter
y
El
ect
ri
cal
Chemi
cal
v
. Sol
arcel
l
sinpanel
El
ect
ri
cal
Sol
ar
v
i. El
ect
ri
cli
ft
ingmot
or
Ki
net
ic Gr
avi
tat
ionalPE El
ect
ri
cal
QUESTI
ON5
a.Thesear
esour
cesofener
gyt
hatcanber
ecy
cledorusedov
erandov
eragai
n.
b.Pet
rol
eum /
crudeoi
l
/wood
c. i
.chemi
cal
ener
gy
i
i
.Non-
renewabl
e:i
tcannotber
ecy
cledorusedagai
n.
v
ii
. Eff
ect
sofuseofener
gysour
cesontheenvi
ronment
:itcausesai
r
pol
lut
ion,
wat
erpol
lut
ion,
def
orest
ati
on,
landdegr
adat
ionetc
d.Renewabl
esour
cesofener
gy:
(sol
ar,hy
droel
ect
ri
c,geot
her
mal
,bi
o-gas
e. Energyi
sdi
rectpr
opor t
ional
tot
hemass.Asmassi
ncr
eases,
ener
gydoes
2
i
ncrease (E=mc)
Page|
105
FORI
SI
MPLEMACHI
NES
QUESTI
ONONE
a)Asimpl emachi neisadevicebymeansofwhi chaforceappli

edatone
poi
nti susedt oovercomeaf orceactingatanotherpoint.
b)Mechani caladvant
age=l oad/eff
ort
c)Vel
oci t
yr at
io=distancemov edbyef fort
/di
stancemov edbyload
d)Eff
iciencyistherati
oofwor koutputtowor kinputexpressedasa
percentage
Or
Eff
iciency=( poweroutput/
poweri nput)x100%
QUESTI
ONTWO
a)Uset
hepr
inci
pleofmoment
s
Egf
x1.
6=5000x0.
8
F=2500N
b)Upwar
dfor
ces=downwar
dfor
ces
=5000N+2500=7500N
c)VR=1.
6/0.
8=2
QUESTI
ONTHREE
a)W =mg
=120x10
=1200N
b)MA=L/
E=1200/
800=1.
5
VR=30/12=2.
5
c)Ef
f=MA/
VRx100%
=1.
5/2.
5x100
=60%
QUESTI
ONFOUR
a)Gear
s
Page|
106
FORI
b)Carengi
nes/bi
cycl
e
c)VR=Nooft
eet
hinadr
ivenwheel
/Nooft
eet
hinadr
ivi
ngwheel
(
pupi
l
sshoul
dcountt
henumberoft
eet
hineachwheel
)
QUESTI
ONFI
VE
a)VR=4(
countt
henumberofpul
l
eys)
b)Di
stance=¼=0.
25
c)MA=(
VRxef
f)/
100
=3
Ef
for
t=l
oad/
MA
=900/
3
=600N
d)Wei
ght=(
300x4)-
900
=300N
Mass=w/
g=300/
10
30kg
PRESSURE
QUESTI
ONONE
(
i) Pr
essur
eisf
orceact
ingnor
mal
l
yperuni
tar
ea.
(
ii
) Pr
essur
eismeasur
edi
nPascal m2.
sorN/
(
ii
i) m2
N/
(
iv) (
a)P=exgxh=1000x10x0.
16=1600Pa
(
b)P=1600N/
2=800Pa
(
c)Ther
adi
uswi
l
lbet
wicet
hei
nit
ial
radi
us
Page|
107
FORI
(
d)whenthebubbler
eachest
hesur
face,
thepr
essur
einsi
det
hebubbl
eist
ool
arge
hencei
tburst
s.
QUESTI
ONTWO
(
a)Pr
essur
e=f
orce/
area
(
b)(
i))
0.0028m2.
(
ii
)101Kpa–45Kpa=56Kpa=56000Pa.
(
ii
i)F=PxA=56000x0.
0028=156.
8N
(
c)Reducet
hepr
essur
einsi
det
hebel
lj
ar
I
ncr
easet
hest
rengt
hoft
hemat
eri
aloft
hebel
lj
ari
smadeof
f.
QUESTI
ONTHREE
a)i
)w=mg=2.
5x10=25N
i
i
)25N
i
ii
) p=f
/A=25/
0.008=3125Pa
i
v) F=PA=3125X0.
04=125N
GRADE11WORK
SI
MPLEKI
NETI
CTHEORYOFMATTER
QUESTI
ONONE
a)Matterismadeupofdiscr
etei ndi
vi
dual
parti
clest
hatar
econtinuousi
nrandom mot
ion
b)(Notethatf
orl
iqui
ds,
parti
clesshoul
dbeclosel
ypackedbutnotinaregul
arpat
ter
nasin
sol
ids)
Page|
108
FORI
c)Di
rt
yai
rC MazoeB Dr
yiceA
d)Whenheat
ed,
theav
erageki
net
icener
gyi
nAwi
l
lbel
esst
hant
hatoft
hati
nC
e) Br
owni
anmot
ioni
sthemot
ionoft
hesmokepar
ti
clei
nanhaphazar
dmanneras
shownbel
ow.
Smoke
QUESTI
ONTWO
a)i
)Thi
sisbecauseaspar
ti
clesofsweatev
apor
ate,
theyt
akesawayener
gyf
rom t
hebody
,
hence,
leav
ingt
hebodyatal
owert
emper
atur
e.
i
i
)Hotai
rri
sesbecausei
texpandsandbecomel
essdense
b)Thet
rappedai
rbet
weent
hef
oil
prev
ent
sheatl
ossbyconduct
ionsi
nceai
risapoor
conduct
orofheat
.Theshi
nyf
oil
prev
ent
sheatl
ossbyr
adi
ati
onbyr
efl
ect
ingheat
.
QUESTI
ONTHREE
a)Label
thesour
ceofl
i
ght
,lense/
glassr
od,
smokecel
landmi
croscope
b)Themot
ioni
shaphazar
d/r
andom
c) Thesmokepar
ti
clecol
l
ideswi
tht
hei
nvi
sibl
eai
rmol
ecul
es
d)Anyt
wodi
ff
erences
QUESTI
ONFOUR
a)Mel
ti
ngpoi s450whi
nti l
eboi
l
ingpoi s1200C
nti
Page|
109
FORI
b)Thepar
ti
clesar
ejustv
ibr
ati
ng
c) Theboi
l
ingpoi
ntf
orwat s1000Cwhi
eri l
eit
smel
ti
ngpoi s00C.t
nti hegr
aphr
epr
esent
sa
subst
ancewhosemel
ti
ngpoi s450Candboi
nti l
i ntof1200C
ngpoi
d)I
twi
l
lbeagas
QUESTI
ONFI
VE
a)Dur
ingahotsunnyday
,thetemperat
ureishigh,hencet
her
ateofev
apor
ati
on
i
ncr
easescausi
ngtheclot
htolosewaterfaster
.
b)Thisisbecausethewatersurr
oundi
ngt
hebodyevaporat
esandsincethewat
er
escapingfr
om thebodycarri
esener
gy,
thebodyf
eelscol
d.Evaporat
ionhasa
cooli
ngeffect
c)Theperfumespreadi
nonecor nerspr
eadstoal
lpar
tsofther
oom becausethe
part
icl
esofper
fumediff
usefrom thei
rregi
onofhi
ghconcent
rat
iont
ot hei
r
regi
onoflowconcent
rat
ion.
TEMPERATURES
QUESTI
ONONE
(
i) Degr
eesCel
sius
(
ii
) 50OC
(
ii
i) Pl
acet
heey
elev
elt
othemer
cur
ycol
umn
(
iv) 5OC
36.
QUESTI
ONTWO
(
i) Cl
i
nict
her
momet
er. (
ii
)-aki
rk/
const
ri
cti
on,
-r 42OC
ange32-
(
ii
i)(
a)
b)T+273=Kel
vi
n,-
2+273=271K
(
iv 273OC
)-
Page|
110
FORI
QUESTI
ONTHREE
a)Placethebul boft heunmarkedthermomet eri

npuremelti
ngice.Whent he
mer cur
yl ev
el i
ndicatesaconstanttemperatur
e,marki
tasy ourst
eam poi nt
.To
determinethest eam, poi
nt,
placethebulboftheunmarkedthermomet erin
steam from boil
ingwat erwhichisboi
li
ngatnor mal
atmosphericpressure.When
themer curylevelgivesaconstanttemperatur
e,marki
tasyoursteam poi nt
.
b)Temp=(
Lᶿ-L0/
(L100–L0)
=[6–2/
22-
2]x100=200C
c)Toi
mpr
oveoni
tssensi
ti
vi
ty
QUESTI
ONFOUR
(
a)Ther
mocoupl
e(b)Thepot
ent
ial
dif
fer
encesgener
atedduet
odi
ff
erentwi
resatt
he
j
uncti
on
(
c)-I
tisr
api
d,-i
thast
hewi
derr
angeoft
emper
atur
esi
tcanmeasur
e.(
d)zer
o.
MEASUREMENTSOFHEAT
QUESTI
ONONE
i
) Ener
gy=powerxt
ime=1000x5x60=300000j
i
i
) Q=mcΔT=1x4200x70=294000j
.ener
gywasl
ostt
othesur
roundi
ng.
QUESTI
ONTWO
(
a) (
i)M1=cur
rent (
ii
)M2=v
olt
age
(
b) Topr
eventheatl
ossest
othesur
roundi
ng.
(
c) Heatl
oss=heatgai
n
M1cΔT=mcΔT
C=VI
t/ΔTm =12x5x5x60/30x2=300j
/KgK
Page|
111
FORI
QUESTI
ONTHREE
a)Dur
ingevaporat
ion,
thewatermol
ecul
est
akeawayl
atentheatf
rom t
hebody
,leadi
ngt
o
l
ossofheat.Evapor
ati
onhasacooli
ngef
fect
.
b)Fi
rstwecal
cul
atet
heheatener
gy
Heatener
gy=powerxt
ime=800x2x60x60=5760000j
Ener
gy=massxl
atentheat
Mass=ener
gy/l
atent=5760000/
2.26x106=2.
55Kg
QUESTI
ONFOUR
l
ett
hef
inal
temper
atur
ebeequal
toT
f
all
int
emper
atur
e=80–T
r
isei
ntemper
atur
e=T–20
m1cΔT=m2cΔT
si
nceci
sthesame,
itcancel
s
m1ΔT=m2ΔT
T=[
(80x50)
+(20x200)
]/200+50=320C
EXPANSI
ONOFSOLI
DS,
LIQUI
DSANDGASES
 i
.Expansi
onistheincr
easeinsi
zewhenanobjecti
sheat
edorwhent
heyi
sani
ncr
ease
i
ntemperatur
e.
i
i
.temperatur
eisthedegreeofcol
dnessandhot
nessofabody
.
 i
.Gapsar
elefttoall
oworgiveroom f
orexpansi
onwhent
emperatureincr
eases.
i
i
.ther
malexpansioncausescr
acksinfl
oorsandpav
ementandthisisall
owedby
l
eavi
ngsmallgaps.
HEATTRANSFER
QUESTI
ONONE
(
a)M =Conduct
ion,
C=conv
ect
ion
(
b)TheatM isconducti
onbecausei
tisasol
i
d,atCi
sconv
ect
ionbecausegaseous
molecul
esarebeingheat
ed.
(
c)Theshi
nywal
l
soft
het
her
mal
flasks
Page|
112
FORI
(
d)Toal
l
owf
orconv
ect
iont
otakepl
acepr
oper
lyf
rom t
hebot
tom t
othet
op.
QUESTI
ONTWO
(
a)I
tismov
ementofheati
nsol
i
ds
(
b)(
i)Bl
acksur
faces
(
ii
)Shi
nny
/whi
tesur
faces
QUESTI
ONTHREE
(
a)Theparti
clesfr
om watermol
ecul
esastheybumpintot
hepart
icl
esofthewallofkett
le
causethem tovi
brat
eandknockint
oeachother
.Thenthi
spasstheheatener
gyintothe
nextpart
icl
es.
(
b)Boil
ingtakespl
aceataspeci f
ict
emperat
ureandmayr
equir
eal otofheatorl
ow
pressur
et oboi
l
,butevaporati
oncant
akeplaceatt
emper
atureandpressureandmay
notrequir
ealotofheatenergy.
(
c)(
i)Conduct
ion (
ii
) Radi
ati
on
(
d)I
nfr
aredr
adi
ati
on.
QUESTI
ONFOUR
(
a)Radi
ati
on
(
b)Copperi
samet
alandamet
ali
sgoodconduct
orheatt
hanpl
ast
ic.
(
c)(i
)Pol
ished/shinysurf
aceandblacksur
facebot
hexposedt othesmal l
amountofheat
andbothfixedont heothersi
dewit
hwax.Observeafterheati
ngwhi chwaxdropfir
st.
Thebl
acksur faceswil
lhav et
hewaxdroppedfi
rstshowingthatitabsorbsheatf
ast.
(
d)Byv
ibr
ati
onandcol
l
isi
onofpar
ti
cleswi
theachot
herandbymov
ementofel
ect
rons.
Page|
113
FORI
WAVES
QUESTI
ONONE
a)i
)ampl
i
tude=0.
10m
i
i
)per
iod=2.
0s
b)f
requency=1/
T
=½
=0.
5Hz
c)uset
heequat
ionV=f
ƛ(t
hespeedofel
ect
romagnet
icwav
esi 0x108m/
s3. s)
QUESTI
ONTWO
a)t
ransv
ersewav
e
b)soundi
slongi
tudi
nal
whi
l
etheoneshowni
slongi
tudi
nal
c)
QUESTI
ONTHREE
a)Bshoul
dbemov
edt
oandf
roasshownbyt
hear
rowont
hedi
agr
am
Page|
114
FORI
b)Vel
oci
ty=f
requencyxwav
elengt
h
1. 0xƛ
2=3.
ƛ=1.
2/3
=0.
4m
QUESTI
ONFOUR
a)i
)at
ransv
ersewav
eisawav
einwhi
chpar
ti
clesofat
ransmi
tt
ingmedi
um v
ibr
ate
per
pendi
cul
art
othedi
rect
ionofener
gywhi
l
einal
ongi
tudi
nal
wav
e,par
ti
clesoft
he
t
ransmi
tt
ingmedi
um v
ibr
atepar
all
elt
othedi
rect
ionofener
gy.
b)acompr
essi
oni
sar
egi
oni
nal
ongi
tudi
nal
wav
ewher
ethepar
ti
clesoft
hemedi
um
ar
econcent
rat
edwhi
l
ear
aref
act
ioni
sar
egi
oni
nal
ongi
tudi
nal
wav
ewher
ethe
par
ti
clesofamedi
um ar
espaced,
ie,
theyar
einl
owconcent
rat
ion
i
)
Page|
115
FORI
i
i
)
c) i
)wav
elengt
h=6/
4=1.
5m
i
i
) f
requency
=numberofcompl
eteosci
l
lat
ions/t
ime
=5/
10
=0.
5Hz
i
i
i) speed=f
requencyxwav
elengt
h
=0.
5x1.
5
=0.
75m/
s
QUESTI
ONFI
VE
(
a)Wav
elengt
h
(
b)R=deep,
S=shal
l
ow
(
c)Ref
ract
ionofwav
es
(
d)C=ν
λ,=12cm/
s/3cm =4Hz.
(
e)(
i)Speed,
(ii
)Fr
equencyandwav
elengt
h,(
ii
i)Thedept
hofwat
er.
QUESTI
ONSI
X
(
a)
Page|
116
FORI
(
b)
(
c)Ref
lectbackwar
dsandi
nter
fer
enceofwav
eswi
theachot
her
.
QUESTI
ONSEVEN
(
a)Di
ff
ract
ionofwav
es
(
b)(
i)
(
ii
) I
twil
lremai
nthesamebecauset
hedept
hhasnotchangedwhi
chaf
fect
s
wav
elengt
h.
ELECTROMAGNETI
CSPECTRUM
QUESTI
ON1
a.A=mi
crowav
es
B=Gammar
ays
b.i
.radi
owav
es
i
i
.radi
owav
es
c. speed=3x108m/
s
d. i
.theyt
rav
eli
nav
acuum
i
i
.theyar
eaf
fect
edbybot
hmagnet
icandel
ect
ri
cfi
eld.
Page|
117
FORI
e.
v
. Mi
crowav
es
v
i. Gammar
ays
v
ii
. Ul
tr
a-v
iol
etl
i
ght
v
ii
i. Ul
tr
avi
olet
/gammar
ays
SOUND
QUESTI
ONONE
a)i
)thet
raceshoul
dhav
eal
argeampl
i
tudewi
thshor
twav
elengt
h
i
i
)thef
ir
stt
racehasashor
tampl
i
tudeandl
ongwav
elengt
hwhi
l
ethesecondt
racehasa
l
argeampl
i
tudewi
thashor
twav
elengt
h.
b)El
ect
ri
cener
gyt
oheatener
gy
QUESTI
ONTWO
Hunganel
ect
ri
cbel
lunderabel
lj
arandconnecti
ttoabat
ter
ysot
hati
tri
ngs.Sl
owl
ypumpt
he
ai
routoft
hebel
ljarbymeansofav
acuum pump.Ast
hedensi
tyofai
rreduces,t
hesound
becomesf
aint
erunt
ilnomor
esoundi
shear
dal
thought
hehummercont
inuest
ost
ri
ket
hebel
l
.
Sl
owl
yreadmi
ttheai
rint
othebel
ljarandy
ouwi
l
lheart
hatt
hesoundbecomesl
ouder
.Thi
s
showst
hatsoundi
samechani
cal
wav
ewhi
chr
equi
resat
angi
blemedi
um f
ori
tst
ransmi
ssi
on.
Theexper
iment
alsetupi
sshownbel
ow.
Page|
118
FORI
Quest
iont
hree
Justaddt
het
imeseg;
0.6+1.
0+0.
6=2.
20s
Quest
ionf
our
a)Twoexper
iment
ers,
onewi
thast
opwat
chandt
heot
herwi
tht
wopi
ecesofwoodwhi
ch
shecanusef
orcl
appi
ngst
andabout100m f
rom asmoot
h,v
ert
ical
wal
l
.Theonewi
th
t
hepi
ecesofwoodcl
apsatr
egul
ari
nter
val
sandadj
ust
sthecl
apsunt
ilt
heecho
coi
nci
deswi
tht
henextcl
ap.Thel
engt
hoft
imebet
weent
hedr
um beat
sisnowt
het
ime
t
akenbysoundt
otr
avel
tot
hewal
landback,
thati
stwi
cet
hedi
stancet
othewal
l
.
Theonewi
tht
hest
opwat
chshoul
dti
me50st
eadycl
apsandt
hencal
cul
atet
heav
erage
t
imei
nter
val
bet
weent
hecl
aps.Thencal
cul
atet
heper
iodi
cti
met
akenusi
ngt
hef
ormul
a;
Per
iod=av
eraget
imet
aken/
numberofcl
aps
Cal
cul
atet
hespeedofsoundusi
ngt
hef
ormul
a;
Speed=(
2xdi
stance)
/per
iodi
cti
me
b)Fi
rstcal
cul
atet
heper
iodi
cti
me;
Per
iod=av
eraget
imet
aken/
numberofcl
aps
=30/
40=0.
75s
:
speedofsound=(
2xdi
stance)
/per
iodi
cti
me
=(
2x120)
/0.
75
=320m/
s
c) Becausel
i
ghtt
rav
elsf
ast
ert
hansound
LI
GHT
QUSTI
ONONE
(
a)(
i)
Page|
119
FORI
Showt
hatangl
eofi
nci
dencei
sequal
toangl
eofr
efl
ect
ion.
(
ii
)Wav
elengt
hremai
nst
hesameandt
heangl
eofi
nci
dence=angl
eofr
efl
ect
ion
(
b)–t
hei
nci
dentr
ay,
ref
lect
edr
ayandt
henor
mal
all
li
eont
hesamepl
ane.
-Theangl
eofi
nci
dencei
sequal
tot
heangl
eofr
efl
ect
ion.
(
c)
(
d)Di
ff
user
efl
ect
ion
QUESTI
ONTWO
a.Ref r
acti
onoflight
:asBendingofl i
ghtray saft
erpassingthr
oughdifferentmedia.
b.i.Lawsofr ef
racti
on:asTher at
iosini/
sinri saconstantval
ue(snel
lslaw)
i
i.Theinci
dentray,t
henormal ,andther efr
actedr
ayal l
li
einthesamepl ane
c. i
.itwil
lsl
owdownbecausei tpassingfrom alessdensemedi um toamor edense
medium.
si
ni sin60
.n=
i
i =.n= =1.
5
si
nr sin30
ueofx=300
Val
ueofY=600
Val
QUESTI
ONTHREE
e.Tov
eri
fysnel
lsl
aw.Thef
oll
owi
ngpr
ocedur
ecanbet
aken
1.Putar
ect
angul
argl
assbl
ockonapl
ainpaperpl
acedont
heboar
d.
2.Dr
awt
heout
li
neoft
hebl
ock
3.Put2pi
nsononesi
deoft
hebl
ock,
(P1andP2)
4.ConnectP1andP2wi
thast
rai
ghtl
i
ne,
andext
endi
ttot
hesur
faceoft
hebl
ock.
5.Lookatt
hepi
nst
hrought
hebl
ockf
rom t
heopposi
tesi
de
6.Putanot
herpi
nsi
nli
newi
thp1andp2t
hrought
hebl
ockont
heopposi
tesi
de.
(p3
andp4)
Page|
120
FORI
7.Connectp3andp4wi
thast
rai
ghtl
i
ne,
andext
endi
ttot
hesur
faceoft
hebl
ock.
f
. Thefigurebelowshowsther
ect
angul
argl
assbl
ockwi
tht
her
eal
dept
hof3m and
ref
racti
veindexofglasst
obe1.
50.
R.
D R.D 3m
n= = A.
D= = A.
D= = A.
D=2m
A.
D n 1.
5
Realdepthi
stheactual
dept
h/hei
ghtwhi
l
etheappar
entdept
hist
hepoi
ntwher
e
thedephtappear
stobe.
Ci
.
i
i
.V=l
bh
V=5m x2.
5m x2m
V=25m3
Page|
121
FORI
QUESTI
ONFOUR
a.Cr
it
ical
ist
heangl
eofi
nci
denceatwhi
cht
heangl
eofr
efr
act
i s900.
oni
b.Total
inter
nalrefl
ecti
onoccur
swhenli
ghtfr
om ahighref
racti
veisdi
rect
ed
towar
dsal owr ef
ract
ivei
ndexmedi
um andtheangleofi
ncidencei
sgreatert
han
thecr
iti
calangle.
si
ni si
n60
c.n= =.n= =1.
9
si
nr si
n27
d.t
her
elat
ionshi
pbet
weencr
it
ical
angl
eandr
efr
act
iv ndex:
ei
n=si n90o/si
nc,Angl
eofi
nci
dencegr
eat
ert
hancr
it
ical
angl
e
e. i
tisusedinopti
cal
fibr
es.
f
. andr
efr
act
ivei
ndex.
g. St
ateoneuseoft
otal
int
ernal
ref
lect
ion.
QUESTI
ONFI
VE
a)
b)i
)rat
ioofVt
oUasl
abel
edi
nthedi
agr
am;
ie.M =V/
U
i
i)m =v
/u=5cm/
8cm =0.
625
Page|
122
FORI
c)
QUESTI
ONSI
X
Thi
squest
ionr
equi
rest
heuseofagr
aphpapert
odr
awascal
edi
agr
am.Youmayuseany
appr
opr
iat
escal
e;say1cm =5cm
Thenanswert
hequest
ions.Not
ethatt
hei
magewi
l
lbev
irt
ual
andmagni
fi
ed
QUESTI
ONSEVEN
Hol
dthel
ensinfrontofthewhit
escr
een.Thef
ocall
engt
hcannowbemeasur
edwhen
ani
mageadistantobject(
suchasatr
eeorbui
ldi
ng)i
sobtai
ned.
Page|
123
FORI
MAGNESTI
SM:SI
MPLEPHENOMENONOFMAGNETI
SM
QUESTI
ONONE
(
a) –ithastwoendsnort
handsout
h,-
whenhangedr
est
sinnor
th-
sout
hdi
rect
ion–r
epel
s
l
ikepol
esofanothermagnet
.
(
b) –t
hemagnet
icf
iel
dsor
igi
nat
efr
om nor
tht
osout
h,-
theyr
unpar
all
elt
oeachot
her
(
c) –permanentmagnet
sret
urnst
hemagnet
icpr
oper
ti
es,
t
empor
almagnet
slast
sonforashor
twhil
e.
(
d) (
i)doubl
est
roki
ngS N S
(
ii
i)Sof
tir
onget
smagneti
zedeasi
l
yandlosesthemagnet
iceff
ecteasi
l
y,meanwhi
l
e
st
eeli
shar
dtomagneti
zeandtakesl
ongtodemagnet
ize.
(
e) (
i)
(
ii
)Thest
eelwil
lbeinducedwit
hmagnet
icef
fectwhi
chwi
llpr
oducethef
iel
dthatwil
lat
tract
cobal
tcausi
ngittohavedomai
nstemporal
l
yali
gni
norderwi
thNorthnearst
eel
.
QUESTI
ONTWO
(
a) A=magnet
icmat
eri
al B=Nonmagnet
icmat
eri
al C=Magnet
(
b) A=Thedomai
nsar
enotdi
sor
der
lyar
rangedcausi
ngi
ttobeeasi
l
ymagnet
ized.
B=Tot
alr
andoml
yar
rangedpar
ti
cles(
domai
ns)showsnonmagnet
icmat
eri
al
C=Or
der
lyar
rangementofdomai
nsi
ntheheadt
otai
lmodet
ypi
cal
ofamagnet
.
(
c) Theseareti
nyparti
clesf
ormi
ngamagnett
hathavet
henor
th–sout
hal
i
gnment
.
(Basi
cpart
icl
esthatmakeupmagnet
icmater
ial
)
(
d) I
tisast
atei
nwhichthei
ncr
easeinappli
edext
ernal
magnet
icf
iel
ddoesnoti
ncr
ease
t
hemagneti
zat
ionofmat
eri
alanyfur
ther
.
(
e) Whent
opol
esofamagnetr
epel
thati
sat
ruet
estf
oramagnet
.
Page|
124
FORI
(
f) Ev
enmagnet
icmat
eri
alcaneasi
l
ybeat
tract
edt
oamagnetj
ustl
i
keunl
i
kepol
esofa
magnet
.
(
g) I
nduct
ionandhammer
ing
(
h) Heati
ng,hammeri
ngwhil
ely
ingi
neast
-westdi
rect
ion,
andt
hroughel
ect
romagnet
ic
di
stor
tingusi
nga.
csuppl
y.
QUESTI
ONTHREE
(
a) Thei
ronf
il
li
ngswi
l
lbeat
tract
edt
othei
ronnai
l
.
(
b) I
ncr
easecur
rentandt
urnsi
nthecoi
l
.
(
c) Fewerir
onf
il
li
ngwi
l
lbeat
tract
edandaf
terswi
tchi
ngof
fthei
ronf
il
li
ngsst
il
lremai
n
att
ached
(
d) Themagnetwi
l
llosei
tsmagnet
icst
rengt
h.
QUESTI
ONFOUR
(
a) El
ect
romagnet
ici
nduct
ion
(
b) Magnet
icmater
ial
s,becausei
tcantemporal
l
ybei
nducedwi
thmagnet
icpr
oper
ti
es
byel
ect
romagnetoftherecor
dinghead.
(
c) I
tisel
ect
romagnet
ical
l
yinduced
(
d) Sof
tir
on
(
e) Exposi
ngi
ttoheat
,dr
oppi
ngt
het
apeof
ten.
STATI
CELECTRI
CITY
Quest
ion1
a.Likechargesr epel
whi l
eunlikechar
gesat
tract.
b.Rubacet aterodandpol yt
hener odwit
hacloth.Anacet
aterodacqui
resaposit
ivel
y
chargebecauseitloseselectr
onswhil
epol
y t
henerodwill
benegativ
elychar
ged
becauseitgai
nselectrons.
Page|
125
FORI
Quest
ion2
a.i.electr
onswil
lmoveonthefarendoft
hespher
eawayf
rom t
hechar
gedr
odbecause
el
ectronsandhav
ethesamecharge.
i
i
.
(
d).
plast
icorwood
Questi
on3
a.(i)byinduct
ionmethod
(
ii
)Electr
onsflowf
rom theear
tht
othespher
ethr
ought
heconnect
ingwi
rebet
ween
t
her odandbase.
(
ii
i)
Page|
126
FORI
b.Q=I t
I=0.
00016C/ 0.012s=0. 0133A
Question4
a. (i)Likechar gesrepel eachot her
(i
i)Unl i
kechar gesat t
racteachother.
b.Toat t
ractallthepai ntdr opl
ets
c. Sincel i
kechar gesr epel eachother
,thepaintdr
opletareev
enl
ydi
str
ibut
e
becausedr opletshav et hesamechar geandarerepell
i
ngeachot
herastheyar
e
attractedtomet alsheet .
CURRENTELECTRI
CITY
QUESTI
ONONE
a)Char
ge=cur
rentxt
ime
=2x10
=20C
b)Ener
gy=v
olt
agexchar
ge
=6x1
=6j
c)Enegy=v
olt
agexcur
rentxt
ime
=6x2x10
Page|
127
FORI
=120j
QUESTI
ONTWO
a)
b)1/
RT=1/
R1+1/
R2+1/
R3
1/
=120+1/
100+1/
90
RT=33.
4Ω
Sincethecir
cuithasint
ernal
resi
stance,
weaddt
hei
nter
nal
resi
stancet
ofi
ndt
he
total
resi
stanceforthecir
cui
t.
Rtotal=33.
4+10=44.
4Ω
c)Fi
rstwef
indt
het
otal
cur
rent
:
I
T=VT/
RT=250/44.
4=5.
63A
wet
henf
indt
hev
olt
ageacr
osst
hepar
all
elci
rcui
t
v
olt
age/
/=cur
rentxr
esi
stance
=5.
63x33.
4=188.
06V
Cur
rentt
hroughDVD=VDVD/
RDVD=188.
06/
90=2.
09A
d)Ener
gy=v
olt
agexcur
rentxt
ime
=250x5.
63x60
Page|
128
FORI
=84450j
e)Fi
rstwecal
cul
atepoweri
nki
l
owat
ts;
Power=v
olt
agexcur
rent
/1000
=250x5.
63/
1000=1.
408kW
Thenwecal
cul
ateener
gy
Ener
gy=powerxt
ime
=1.
408x10=14.
08kWh
Cost=ener
gyxcostpr
ekWh
=14.
08xK30.
0
=K42.
2
QUESTI
ONTHREE
Expect
edr
esul
ts;
(Not
ethatanyr
esul
tsmaybeusedasl
ongasagr
aphobt
ainedi
sast
rai
ght
l
i
ne)
Page|
129
FORI
Cur
rent(
A) Vol
tage(
V) V/
I
1 2 2
2 4 2
3 6 2
4 8 2
5 10 2
6 12 2
Theexpect
edgr
aphi
sshownbel
ow
QUESTI
ONFOUR
a)
Page|
130
FORI
i
v)Li
vewir
e=ithasabr
ownorr
edcol
or.I
tcar
ri
esal
ter
nat
ingcur
rentt
othe
appl
i
ance
v
)Neutral
wire=i
thasablueorbl
ackcol
or.I
tcompl
etest
heci
rcui
tbypr
ovi
dinga
r
etur
npathtot
hemains
v
i)Eart
hwi r
e=t hi
shasay el
l
oworgr eencol
or.I
tisf
orsaf
etypur
poses.I
tprot
ects
theuserofanappliancefrom get
ti
nganelect
ri
cshocki
ncasechargesfr
om the
l
ivewireleaktothemetalcase.
b)I
nordert
oall
owcurrentt
oflowtoear
thincaseel
ect
ronsf
rom t
hel
i
vewi
rel
eak
t
othemetal
case.
itneutr
ali
zest
heappli
ance.
c)Adv
ant
ageofpar
all
elconnect
ioni
sthatt
hecel
l
slastl
onger
Adv
ant
ageofconnect
ingcel
l
sinser
iesi
sthatt
hecel
l
spr
ovi
deal
argeremf
MAGNETI
CEFFECTOFCURRENT
QUESTI
ONONE
(
a)
(
b) (i
)Theydr
awclosetoeachother.(i
i)Thetwosof
tir
onendsl
i
neassout
h-Nor
thand
Sout
hNorthasresul
ttheyat
tracteachother
.
(
c) (
i)-Thedef
lect
ionwi
l
lbequi
ckerandst
ronger
.
-
theywi
l
lmov
ecl
osert
oget
herv
eryf
ast
.
Page|
131
FORI
(
ii
)Thef
ieldchangesthedi
rect
ionhencet
hedef
lect
ionont
hecompasseswi
l
lal
so
changeintoopposi
tedir
ecti
on.
QUESTI
ONTWO
(
a) (
i)
(
ii
)
(
b) (
i)st
rongerat
tract
ionbet
weenwi
res
(
ii
)Themagnet
icf
iel
dst
rengt
hincr
eases.
(
c) (
i)
(
iv)Themagnet
icf
iel
dint
hesol
enoi
dal
sor
ever
ses.
(
d) -I
ncr
easet
hecoi
l
s,-i
ncr
easet
hecur
rent
QUESTI
ONTHREE
(
a) Thei
ronwi
l
lmakecont
actwi
tht
hemet
alandcauset
heci
rcui
ttobecl
osedandt
he
Page|
132
FORI
bel
lwi
l
lri
ngbecauset
heonf
iel
dat
tract
ingani
roncont
act
.
(
b) I
twoul
dbeawi
ndoworadoor
.
(
c)
(
d) (
i)Theel
ect
romagnet
icf
iel
dscauset
hecont
act
stocl
osehencet
urni
ngt
hebel
lon.
(
ii
) Bugl
erorcaral
arm.
QUESTONFOUR
(
a) A=Sout
h B=Nor
th
(
b) Thepol
ari
tyont
hecoi
lal
sor
ever
ses/
changes
(
c) Measur
esmal
lamount
sofcur
rent
QUESTI
ONFI
VE
(
a) ACgener
ator
(
b)
Page|
133
FORI
(
c) Thenegat
ivev
olt
agewi
l
lber
emov
edandonl
yremai
nwi
tht
heposi
ti
vev
olt
age.
(
d) (
i) Thewav
efor
mforout
putwi
l
lst
il
lbet
hesame.
(
ii
)Theonethatpr
oducest
ruct
ureofout
putaci
nfigure5.
0hast
wor
ingseachf
or
t
hecont
actendandtheoneinfi
gure5.
1hasspl
it
/sli
tri
ngs.
QUESTI
ONSI
X
(
a)
Page|
134
FORI
(
b) (
i)100v
ibr
ati
onpersecond
(
ii
)Thecoi
lwi
l
lbemov
ingbackandf
ort
htowar
dst
hecoi
l
.
ELECTROMAGNETI
CINDUCTI
ON
Quest
ionONE
 Xi
ssout
hol
e

c.
 mov i
ngt hemagneti
ntothecoil
fast
er
 i ncreasethenumberofturnsi
nthecoil
 usi ngt heastr
ongmagnet
(
d). I
tstatesthatt
hedir
ecti
onofinducedcurr
enti
ssucht
hati
sopposest
hechange
pr
oduci
ngit.
(
e).YisNor thPol
e.
QUESTI
ONTWO
a)P=car
bonbr
ushesQ=sl
i
pri
ngcommut
ator
b)A=sout
hB=Nor
th
c) Emfi
sinducebecauseast
hecoi
lrot
ates,
itcut
sthemagnet
icf
lux.
d)1.Reducet
henumberoft
urnsi
nthecoi
l
2.r
educet
hespeedofr
otat
ion
e) Thesl
i
pri
ngsshoul
dber
epl
acedwi
tht
hespl
i
tri
ngs
Page|
135
FORI
f
)
QUESTI
ONTHREE
a)St
epdownt
ransf
ormer
b)Sof
tir
oni
seasl
ymagnet
izedandeasi
l
ydemagnet
izedwhi
l
est
eel
isdi
ff
icul
tto
magnet
izeanddi
ff
icul
ttodemagnet
ize.
c) Si
ncet
het
ransf
ormeri
s100%ef
fi
cient
,the;
poweri
nputmustbeequal
topowerout
put
Vol
tagepr
imar
yxcur
rentpr
imar
y=v
olt
agesecondar
yxcur
rentsecondar
y
VpI
p =VsI
s
240I
p=36
I
p=36/
240=0.
15A
d)Vp/
Np =Vs/
Ns
Np =VpXNs/
Vs
=1500x240/
24
=15000t
urns
2
e)i
)copperl
ossesar
ecausedbyheatpr
oducedf
rom power(
I R)consumpt
ionbecauseof
t
her
esi
stanceoft
hewi
rei
nthecoi
l
.(copperl
ossescanbemi
nimi
zedbyusi
ngl
arge
di
amet
erwi
ref
ort
hecoi
l
)
i
i)i
ronl
ossesar
ecausedbyheatpr
oducedduet
orapi
dmagnet
izat
ionandr
ever
sal
of
magnet
icf
luxi
nthecor
e.(
ir
onl
ossescanbemi
nimi
zedbyusi
ngasof
tmat
eri
alf
ort
he
cor
e)
i
ii
)t
hesear
eti
nyci
rcul
ati
ngcur
rent
sthatt
hatar
einducedi
nthesof
tir
oncor
e.Theyar
e
pr
oducedbecauset
hecor
eit
sel
fcut
sthemagnet
icf
iel
dcausi
ngcur
rent
stobei
nduced.
QUESTI
ONFOUR
Page|
136
FORI
a)
b)i
)
i
i
)Whent
hecur
renti
ssl
i
ght
lybel
ow2.
5A
QUESTI
ONFI
VE
a)t
ost
epupv
olt
age
b)sot
hatl
essener
gyi
swast
edduet
oresi
stanceofi
nthecabl
es
2
c) P=IxR
=22x10
=40W
ELECTRONI
CS
QUESTI
ONONE
a.Ther
mioni
cemi
ssionsinv
olv
etherel
easeofel
ect
ronsf
rom heat
ed
cat
hodewheni
treacheswhi
tehot
.
b. Anodeandcat hode
c. Itmustbeev acuatedinordert ospeedupt hepr
ocessofr
eleasi
ng
elect
ronsbythermi oni
cemi ssi
onbypr ev
enti
ngel
ectr
onsfr
om coll
idi
ngwi
th
airpart
icl
esandst ickbacktothecat hode.
d.Byobser v
ingabr ightspotont hescreen
e. Lightonthescreenwi l
lgoof f.
f. Thermionicemissionwi l
lnottakeplace
g.Negat ive.
Page|
137
FORI
QUESTIONTWO
a.(i)Electr
ongun
(
ii
)Def l
ecti
ngsy stem
(
ii
i)Detecti
ngsy stem [screen]
b.(i)Electr
onsar eemi t
tedbyt hermionicemi ssi
on
(
ii
)byi ncr
easingt heP. dbet weenthecat hodeandanode
c. (
i)Gridcontrolst heamountofel ectr
onr eachingt
hescreen.
(
ii
)Anodeaccel er at
esandf ocusestheel ectr
onsi
ntoanarrowbeam.
d.(i)P =Y-Pl ates
(
)Q =X- Plates
e. (
i)150V=13mm
250V=x
X=250x13/ 150=21. 66mm
(
ii
)todef l
ectthebeam ofel ectr
onsv ert
icall
y.
QUESTI
ONTHREE
d.PeriodT=4.X10-4s
e.Frequencyf
=2500Hz
f. Vol
tage.
QUESTI
ONFOUR
T=0.
0005s
f
=2000Hz
QUESTI
ONFI
VE
a)Li
ghtdependantr
esi
stor(
LDR)
b)Ammet
er
c) V=6–4=2V
d)I=V/
R=2/
500=0.
004A
e) R=V/
I=4/
0.004=1000Ω
f
) Whent
hel
i
ghti
sbr
ight
,theLDRhasl
owr
esi
stancesomor
ecur
rentwi
l
lfl
owt
hrought
he
ci
rcui
t.Thepdacr
ossaf
ixedr
esi
storwi
l
lbehi
gh,
meanspdacr
ossLDRwi
l
lbel
ow
QUESTI
ONSI
X
a)1.=y
ell
ow
2.=v
iol
et
3.=r
ed
b)ANDgat
e
Page|
138
FORI
c) TRUTHTABLE
I
NPUT I
NPUT OUTPUT
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
QUESTI
ONSEVEN
a)Whent
hewat
erl
evel
reachest
hemet
alcont
act
s,i
tcompl
etest
heci
rcui
tcausi
nga
cur
rentt
ofl
owt
hrought
hebaseoft
het
ransi
stor
.Thi
scur
rentswi
tchest
heON,
hence,
thel
ampgl
ows.
b)Anyuse,
egt
odet
ectf
loodsort
odet
ectt
heamountofwat
eri
nthesoi
l
.
QUESTI
ONEI
GHT
a)WhenS1andS2ar
ecl
osed,
nocur
rentf
lowsi
nthebaseci
rcui
t.Thel
ampi
sONwhi
l
e
t
het
ransi
stori
sOFF.
b)WhenS1i
sopened,
thecapaci
torchar
gest
hrought
her
esi
storR.whent
hepd
acr
osst
hebaseandt
heemi
tt
eri
shi
ghenough,
thecur
rentt
hrought
hebase
swi
tchest
het
ransi
storON.Thecont
acti
nther
elayopenandswi
tchest
hebul
bof
f.
c) 1.I
ncr
easet
hev
alueofcapaci
tanceoft
hecapaci
tor
2.i
ncr
easet
hev
alueofr
esi
storR
QUESTI
ONNI
NE
a)Powerswi
tch
b)I
ftheswi
tchi
sopenedandt
hewat
erl
evel
isl
oworei
thert
hedoorswi
tchi
sopenort
he
wat
erl
evel
isl
ow
Page|
139
FORI
QUESTI
ONTEN
a)ANDgat
e
b)
QUESTI
ONELEVEN
a)
S R X Y
Bur
glarst
epsontothedoormat 1 0 0 1
Bur
glarst
epsofft
hedoormat 0 0 0 1
b)Theal
arm wi
l
lbeof
f
Page|
140
FORI
ATOMI
CANDNUCLEARPHYSI
CS
QUESTIONONE
a.i.Massnumberisthesum ofprotonsandneutronsofanucli
de.
i
ii
. Mass(Nucl eon)numberist hesum ofprot
onsandneutronsofanucl
i
de
i
v. At omic(
Proton)numberisthenumberofpr ot
onsinanuclide.
b.Twoisot
opesofThorium decay
sbyemi t
ti
nganalphapart
icl
e.Themassand
atomicnumbersar
egi veni
nt het
abl
ebel ow.
S/
N Mass Atomi
c
number number
1 234 90
2 235 90
i
.protons=90neut ron=144.
i
i.Correctequat
ionshowi
nganal phadecayi
nwhi
cht
hemassnumberr
educesby4
whil
et heatomicnumberreducesby2.
g. Becauseoft
hei
r+2char
gewhi
cht
endt
ocausei
ntenseat
tract
ionofel
ect
ronsawayf
rom at
oms
i
nagas
QUESTI
ONTWO
(
a)Hal
f-
li
fei
sthet
imet
akenf
ort
heunst
abl
enucl
i
det
odecaybyhal
foft
heor
igi
nal
.
.
b.(i
)massr
emaini
ng=5g
backgroundr
adi
ati
on=15.
Ti
me(
s) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Cor
rect
edcount
s 150 104 68 60 50 42 38 35
QUESTI
ONTHREE
Page|
141
FORI
(
a)(
i)corr
ectequati
onshowi
ngthedecaybyemit
ti
ng4al phaparti
cles
(i
i)4
(
b)(
i)cor
rectequat
ionshowi
ngt
heemi ssi
onof2alphaparti
clesandonebet
apar
ti
cle
(
c)Bi
smut
hunder
goesaser
iesofdecaypr
ocessesf
ir
stbyr
eleasi
ngt
wo(
2)al
pha
par
ti
cles,
thenone(
1)bet
apar
ti
clef
oll
owedbygammar
ays.
(
i)
Stat
ethemassofanal
phapar
ti
cle.
(
ii
)Wr
it
edownt
hechar
geonanal
phapar
ti
cle.
(
ii
i)
Show,
bywayofconst
ruct
ingdecayequat
ions
QUESTI
ONFOUR
(
a)t
imet
akenf
ort
heact
ivi
tyofar
adi
oact
ivesampl
etodecr
easebyhal
foft
he
or
igi
nal
.
(
b)(
i)
32g (
ii
)16
(
c)(
i)
15mi
n(i
i
)150g
QUESTI
ONFI
VE
(
a)st
eri
l
izat
ion,
treat
mentofcancer
,thi
cknesscont
rol
,tr
eat
mentofmi
l
kandf
resh
f
oodsetc
(
b)causecancer,
causedeath,
pol
lut
ioncausedbywasteset
c
(
c)Stat
etheprecaut
ionwhichmustbetakenwhenhandli
ngradi
oact
ivesubst
ances.
(
d)stor
edinleadshi
elds.
QUESTI
ONSI
X
a)i
)B i
i)i
tisnotdefl
ect
edbyt hemagneti
cfi
eld
b)t
heyhaveopposit
echarges.C)Cisheavi
ert
hanA
QUESTI
ONSEVEN
(a)
I
V.Analphapart
icl
eisahel
ium nucl
eus.
V.Betapar
ti
clei
sanelectr
on.
Page|
142
FORI
VI
.Gammapar t
icl
ehighener
gyel
ect
romagnet
icwav
e
(
b)(
i)
Arr
anget
heapparat
usasshownbel
ow.
Thepaper,
Alumini
um andleadwil
lstopal
pha,bet
aandgammarespecti
vel
y.Thecount
rat
ewill
reduceonthedetect
oreachti
meamat er
ial
isi
ntr
oduced.
(i
i
) Aradioisotopeisanat om oftheelementhavingthesameat omicnumberbut
dif
f erentnumberofneut ronsandi temitsradi
ati
on.
(c)Tacksar ef or
medbecauseal phapar t
icl
esioni
zetheairmoleculesandthi
s
causest hev aportocondensear oundt heioni
zedgas.Thetracksarestrai
ghtduet
o
strongi onizi
ngef fectofalpharadiati
on.
QUESTI
ONEI
GHT
d.
i
v. Bet
a=Q
v
. Al
pha=P
v
i. Gamma=R
e.mat
eri
alsmustJbemadef
rom LEAD
f
.tr
eat
mentofcancer
.
QUESTI
ONNI
NE
(a)( i
)thisatom hast henucl euscont ai
ning92pr otonsand143neut r
ons.Ther eare92
electronsor bit
ingt henucl eus.
(i
i)Ur anium-235andUr anium- 238areel ementshav ingsamenumberofpr otonsbutdif
fer
ent
numberofneut r
ons.
(i
ii)thenucleusspl it
si ntot wol i
ghternucleireleasingener gyasar esult.
6
(i
v )thefractionofur ani um- 235pr esentnowi s1/ 64.1/ 64=( 1/2), 6hal fl
ives.Henceesti
mate
oft heageoft heear th=6x( 7.1x108)=4. 3x109y ears.
(b)Radi oactivesour cesar eusedt odet ectleaksf rom pipesunder ground.
Al iqui
dcont aini
ngt hesour ceisplacedi nthepi pe.Somel i
quidl eaks f r
om t hepi
peand
thenr adiati
oni temi tscanbedet ectedabov egr ound.
(i
)Technet i
um- 99.
(i
i)Sincei thasashor thal fl
ife,i
twoul dposel i
t t
leheal t
hrisk.Alsoi tproducesgammar ay,
the
mostpenet ratingradiat ion.Itcanpasst hr
oughpi pewal l
sandt hegr ound.
Page|
143
FORI
QUESTI
ONTEN
c.
i
v. Alphaparti
clesareheli
um nuclei
v. Betapart
icl
esar eelect
rons
vi
. Gammar ay shighenergyelectr
omagneticwaves
d.Explai
nwhyt he
i
v. Theyhavet hehighestval
ueofchar geof+2
v. Becausetheyar enegati
vel
ychar ged.
vi
. Becausegammahashi ghfrequencyandhasnochar
ge.
QUESTI
ONELEVEN
(a)Nuclearf
ission
(b)Theneutront hatisfi
redint
oaparentnucl
euscausesi
ttospl
iti
ntotwodaughternucl
ei,
rel
easingmoreneut rons.Theneutr
onsrel
easedagai
ncoll
idewi
thothernucl
ei.Thepr
ocess
conti
nuescausingachai nreacti
ontotakepl
ace.
Page|
144

Physics Pure 1

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FORI

Name Length Time

Apersonrunninginar acegenerates,onav erage,800Jofheatener gyev erysecond.Hal

Thel ogis6.0m longand5compl et

Thesecondnot eislouderandhasahi gherpi t

a)Whati sthenameoft hepart

(a)(i)Urani um- 235hasapr otonnumber( atomicnumber )of92andanucl eon number

a)Asimpl emachi neisadevicebymeansofwhi chaforceappli

a)Placethebul boft heunmarkedthermomet eri

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