TEACHING STRATEGIES IN MTB-MLE PROGRAM

What is the difference between oracy and literacy?

Oracy refers to the ability to communicate effectively through speech,

including the use of language, tone, and nonverbal cues such as facial
expressions and gestures. It involves being able to listen actively, express
ideas clearly and coherently, and engage in meaningful dialogue with others.
Oracy is an essential skill for success in many areas of life, including
education, employment, and social interactions.
Literacy, on the other hand, refers to the ability to read and write
effectively. It involves being able to understand written text, express ideas in
writing, and use written language to communicate effectively with others.
Literacy is a critical skill for success in education, as well as in many
professional and personal contexts.

While oracy and literacy are both essential communication skills, they
require different competencies and can be developed through different types
of experiences and training. Effective communicators often possess both
strong oracy and literacy skills.

How important is oracy for literacy development of young learners?

1. Vocabulary development: Through oracy, children are exposed to a

range of words and expressions that they can then apply to their
reading and writing. By hearing and using new vocabulary words in
spoken language, children are better able to recognize and understand
them when they encounter them in written language.
2. Comprehension: Oracy skills help children to develop active listening
skills, which are critical for comprehension. When children listen
carefully to what is being said and ask questions for clarification, they
are better able to understand what they are reading and writing.
3. Critical thinking: When children engage in dialogue, they learn how to
analyze, evaluate, and interpret information. They develop the ability to
ask questions, make connections, and draw conclusions, which are all
important skills for critical thinking and problem-solving.
4. Expression and creativity: Oracy provides a platform for children to
express themselves and share their thoughts and ideas with others.
This can help to boost their confidence and creativity, and provide a
sense of ownership over their learning.
5. Motivation and engagement: When children feel comfortable
expressing themselves through speech, they may be more likely to
participate in literacy activities and feel motivated to learn to read and
write.
 What activities promote oracy and literacy development?

Oracy Activities Literacy Activities

 Introduce words by using poems,
nursery, rhymes, and songs
 Fill in the blank at the end of the
lines, so they can demonstrate
what they know about sounds
and the word within the context.
 Read aloud decodable text,
alliterative books, and books with
tongue twisters.
 Familiarize themselves to a sense
of rhythm, sequence, and
patterns of something heard.
 Recite their own simple rhyme,
and word plays.
 Tell a story with picture clues.
Let them do the following:
 Tracing and cutting
 Using marking tools
 Dictating words and sentences
 Creating their own stories
 Attempting simple dot-to-dot
drawings
 Making lines and simple shapes
 Discussing uses of writing in
everyday life
 Turning the pages of a book from
left to right
 Creating and invent their own
codes for writing.

Approaches and strategies in Teaching Comprehension

Teachers play a very crucial role in the language development of young

children. The specific teaching functions that encourage the development of
language arts and literacy are listed below.

1. The teacher serves as a model of everyday language use. What is

communicated and how it is communicated are important.
2. The teacher is a provider of experiences. Many of these events are
planned; others happen in normal course of activities.
3. Teacher is an inter actor, sharing experiences with the children and
encouraging conversation.

Strategies and Approaches in Teaching Beginning Reading

1. Literature-based Approach (LBA)

The literature-based approach (LBA) is a teaching strategy that uses
high-quality literature, such as novels, picture books, and poetry, as a central
component of the curriculum. The approach emphasizes the importance of
reading and writing within a context of meaningful literature, and it seeks to
foster a love of reading and a deeper understanding of language and culture.
In the LBA, literature serves as a tool for teaching a wide range of skills
and content, including vocabulary development, comprehension, critical
thinking, and cultural awareness. Rather than focusing on isolated skills and
exercises, the approach encourages students to engage with literature in a
holistic and meaningful way.
Here are some key features of the LBA:
1. Integration of Literature: In the LBA, literature is integrated into all
areas of the curriculum, including language arts, social studies, and
science. Literature is used to introduce concepts, spark discussions,
and enhance understanding of content.
2. Active Engagement: Students are encouraged to actively engage with
literature through discussion, reflection, and response. They may be
asked to write responses, make connections to their own experiences,
and engage in class discussions.
3. Cultural Awareness: The LBA places a strong emphasis on
developing cultural awareness through literature. Students are
exposed to a range of cultures and perspectives, which can help to
broaden their understanding of the world and promote empathy and
tolerance.
4. Authentic Assessment: The LBA emphasizes authentic assessment,
where students are evaluated on their ability to apply what they have
learned through reading and writing in real-world contexts.
Overall, the LBA seeks to create an engaging and meaningful learning
experience for students through the use of literature. By using literature as a
tool for teaching, educators can help to promote a love of reading, develop a
range of important skills, and foster a deeper understanding of language and
culture.
2. Whole Language Approach(WLA)
The Whole Language Approach (WLA) is an instructional approach to
teaching reading and writing that emphasizes the use of authentic, meaningful
texts in the learning process. This approach is based on the idea that language
is a whole system that is best learned through exposure to and interaction with
rich and meaningful texts.
In the WLA, students are encouraged to use a variety of strategies to learn
to read and write, including phonics, context clues, and prior knowledge.
Rather than focusing on isolated skills and drills, the WLA emphasizes the
importance of integrating reading, writing, speaking, and listening into a holistic
approach to language development.
Here are some key features of the WLA:
1. Authentic texts: Authentic texts, such as literature, poetry, and
non-fiction, are used as the primary teaching tool. Students are
exposed to a range of texts that reflect real-life experiences and use
language in meaningful ways.
2. Meaningful context: The WLA emphasizes the importance of
providing a meaningful context for language learning. Students are
encouraged to connect their learning to their own experiences and
interests, and to use language in real-life situations.
 3. Integration of skills: Rather than teaching reading and writing as
separate skills, the WLA integrates all language skills into a cohesive
approach to language development. Students are encouraged to use
multiple strategies, including phonics, context clues, and prior
knowledge, to learn to read and write.
4. Student-centered learning: The WLA places a strong emphasis on
student-centered learning. Students are encouraged to take an active
role in their own learning, and to use their own experiences and
interests to drive the learning process.
Overall, the WLA seeks to create a rich and meaningful learning
environment that emphasizes the importance of language as a whole system.
By using authentic texts and integrating all language skills into a cohesive
approach, educators can help to foster a love of language and a deep
understanding of its power and potential.

3. Language-Experience Approach
The Language-Experience Approach (LEA) is a teaching method that
seeks to build on the language and experiences of students to develop their
reading and writing skills. In this approach, students use their own language
and experiences as the basis for reading and writing activities.
The LEA is based on the idea that students learn best when they can
connect their learning to their own experiences and interests. The approach
seeks to engage students by using materials that are meaningful and relevant
to them, such as stories and texts that are based on their own experiences.
Here are some key features of the LEA:
1. Student-centered learning: The LEA is a student-centered approach
that focuses on the needs and interests of individual learners. Teachers
work closely with students to develop reading and writing activities that
are relevant to their experiences and interests.
2. Personalized learning: The LEA emphasizes personalized learning,
where students are encouraged to use their own language and
experiences as the basis for reading and writing activities. This
approach helps to create a more engaging and meaningful learning
experience.
3. Integration of skills: The LEA integrates all language skills, including
reading, writing, speaking, and listening, into a cohesive approach to
language development. Students are encouraged to use multiple
strategies to learn to read and write, including phonics, context clues,
and prior knowledge.
4. Authentic assessment: The LEA emphasizes authentic assessment,
where students are evaluated on their ability to apply what they have
learned in real-world contexts. This approach helps to promote a
deeper understanding of language and encourages students to use
their new skills in their daily lives.
 Overall, the LEA seeks to create a personalized and engaging learning
experience that is based on the language and experiences of individual
learners. By using personalized materials and integrating all language skills,
educators can help to foster a love of language and a deep understanding of
its power and potential.

Phonological Awareness
Phonological awareness is the ability to identify and manipulate the
sounds in language. It involves understanding that spoken language is made
up of individual sounds, or phonemes, and being able to manipulate those
sounds in various ways.
Phonological awareness is a critical skill that underlies the development of
reading and writing abilities. It is the foundation upon which phonics instruction
is built. Without phonological awareness, students may struggle to decode
words and spell correctly.

Strategies in Teaching Fluency

Fluency is reading with speed, accuracy, and proper intonation. Harris and
Hodges (1985) describe it as expressing oneself smoothy, easily, and readily,
having freedom from word identification problems.
Ford (2002) explains fluency as the ability to read words accurately and
automatically with expression. Because fluent readers do not have slow down
in order to concentrate on decoding the individual words in a text, they can
focus their attention on the text’s meaning.

Why is fluency important?

Fluency strategies in teaching are important because they help students to

become better readers and communicators. Fluency refers to the ability to
read or speak with speed, accuracy, and expression, and it is an important
component of literacy development.
Here are some reasons why fluency strategies are important in teaching:
1. Comprehension: When students can read fluently, they are able to
focus on the meaning of what they are reading, rather than on decoding
individual words. This leads to better comprehension and deeper
understanding of the text.
2. Vocabulary: Fluent readers are more likely to encounter new
vocabulary in their reading, which can improve their language skills and
overall vocabulary knowledge.
3. Confidence: When students can read fluently, they feel more confident
in their abilities as readers. This confidence can spill over into other
areas of their academic and personal lives.
4. Communication: Fluent speakers are able to communicate more
effectively, both in formal and informal settings. They are able to
express themselves clearly and persuasively, and are more likely to be
understood by their listeners.
5. Engagement: When students are able to read fluently, they are more
likely to enjoy reading and see it as a pleasurable activity, rather than a
chore. This can lead to a lifelong love of reading and a desire to learn
more.