T-MUY2023 DR TEMPLATE EN VFxYT

Universiti Sains Malaysia
TURKSAT Model
Satellite
Competition 2023
Design Review (DR)

Version 3.0
217512
APEX VOYAGERS
Team Logo Here
Table of Content
SECTION PREPARER PAGES

Introduction Muhammad Zikry Zaki 1-3
Systems Overview Aini Syafiqah 4 -11
Sensor and Electronic Abdullah Faris 29-46

Components Overview
Descent Control Design Dayang Sharinna 47-66
Mechanical Subsystem Design Anon A/L Eh Boon 67-97
Communication and Data Muhammad Zikry Zaki 98-119

Handling (CDH) Subsystem
Design
Electrical Subsystem Design Aini Syafiqah 120-133
Flight Software (FSW) Design Abdullah Faris 134-150
Ground Station Design Ammar Hafiz 151-162
Model Satellite Integration Dayang Sharinna 163-181

and Test
Conclusion Ammar Hafiz 200-216
TURKSAT Model Satellite Competition 2023 DR: <APEX VOYAGERS> Team Number: 217512 2
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Team Organization
System Overview
Aini Syafiqah binti Che Embi
4
Team Logo Here Mission Summary
Main Objectives
Design a Model Satellite that shall consist of a container and a science payload. Model Satellite represents
the Science Payload that can land in a planet’s atmosphere, collect data from its sensors, reflect the
collected data on an interface, record images and make instant data exchanges.
1. The Model Satellite shall be launched to an altitude ranging from 500 meters to 700 meters above the
launch site using a rocket.
2. After Model Satellite is deployed from the rocket, it shall descend using a parachute at a descent rate
of 12-14 m/s with passive landing.
3. At altitude of 400 meters, the Model Satellite shall be separated into container and science payload.
4. The science payload shall descent using a parachute at a descent rate of 6-8 m/s with passive landing.
6. The science payload shall transmit its telemetry and video image once per second (1 Hz) during the
entire flight to the ground station.
7. The data shall be recorded on the SD Card.
8. A video package will be sent from the ground station to the science payload.
9. All telemetry data and video images shall be visualized at the ground station.
10. All telemetry transmission shall stop after 10 seconds and the buzzer shall beep when the science
payload land.
Bonus Objectives External Objectives
1. At the flight time, the 500 KB video transferred 1. The additional sensor which is Grove-air quality
from the ground station to the model satellite sensor v1.3 shall transmit data about air
should be sent to another ground station from composition during flight time.
the Science Payload at the same frequency.
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System Requirement Summary (1/4)
A Analyze
I Inspectability
T Test
D Design Review
No Requirement Reasons Priority Verifications
A I T D
1 Total mass of the Model Satellite (science payloads and container) shall be 730 Competition
High ✓ ✓ ✓
grams +/- 20 grams. Requirement
2 The Model Satellite shall consist of two parts: Science Payload and Container.
Competition High
✓ ✓
Requirement
3 Model Satellite shall design as a cylindrical structure of 300 mm length x 113 mm Competition
diameter. High ✓
Requirement
4 With a passive landing system, the Model Satellite (Container + Science Competition
Payload) should descend at a rate of 12-14 m / s up to a height of 400 meters. High ✓
Requirement
5
At a height of 400 (+/- 10) meters, the Container and the Science Payload shall be Competition High
✓ ✓
autonomouslyseparated bya mechanism. Requirement
6 Competition
Release mechanisms shall not use pyrotechnics or chemicals. High ✓
Requirement
7 After the release, the Science Payload shall descend at the rate of 6 - 8 m / s with a Competition
High ✓
passive landing system. Requirement
8
Competition High
All descent control device attachment components shall survive at least 8 G of ✓ ✓
shock. Requirement
9 The Container shall be designed in such a way that it will not get stuck to any Competition
place and shall be constructed confident to protect the Science Payload. Medium ✓
Requirement
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A I T D
10 All electronic equipment and mechanical components to be assembled shall be Competition

High ✓ ✓ ✓
assembled and fastened using suitable equipment such as connectors, screws and Requirement
high-performance adhesives.
11
Competition High
Model Satellite shall be ensured to be landed non-damaged. ✓ ✓
Requirement
12 The Science Payload shall acquire outside temperature, air pressure, altitude, Competition
descent rate, position, battery voltage and axes data during the fligh. High ✓
Requirement
13 The satellite should send the measured data continuously to the ground station Competition
High ✓
every second (1 Hz) in the form of packages suitable for the given telemetry Requirement
format.
14
Competition High
The telemetry package shall include the task time. During the task, the time data ✓ ✓
Requirement
shall be preserved even if the processor restarts.
15 The flight software shall maintain the number of packets sent and increase the Competition
number in each packet transmission starting from 1. If the processor restarts, High ✓
Requirement
the number of packets shall resume.
16 Competition
Telemetry data shall also be printed on an SD card in the satellite at the same time. High ✓
Requirement
17
Competition High
On the Science Payload, there should be a ground-facing camera. Camera images ✓ ✓ ✓
Requirement
shall be recorded as video on an SD card during the entire flight period.
18 The model satellite facing the earth shall send the video image to the ground station Competition
High ✓
during the mission. Requirement
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A I T D
19 Competition
Medium ✓ ✓ ✓
Alkaline, Ni-MH, Lithium Ion and Lithium Polymer batteries can be used. Requirement
20
Competition High
The battery to be selected shall be sufficient to operate the system for 1 hour. ✓ ✓
Requirement
21 A 500 KB video (.mp4, .avi etc.) package provided by TURKSAT shall be sent to the Competition
satellite model at the moment of flight from the ground station interface and High ✓
Requirement
recorded on the SD Card on the Science Payload. Video transfer information with
telemetry data shall be displayed on the ground station after the task has taken
place.
22 At the flight time, the 500 KB video transferred from the ground station to the model Bonus
satellite should be sent to their another ground station from the Science Payload at Medium ✓
Requirement
the same frequency.
23
Competition High
In the case of non-separation of the Science Payload, the command sent from the ✓ ✓
Requirement
ground station shall be separated from the Container.
24 The Science Payload shall have an on / off button. This button shall be designed to Competition
High ✓
be accessible even when the Science Payload is inside the Container. Requirement
25 Installation of the electronic equipment shall be done by fi xing the mechanical fixture. Competition
High ✓
Connectors in the electronic circuit shall not be used to cause dislodgement or Requirement
disconnection.
26 The Model Satellite shall continue telemetry and video broadcasting for at least 10
Competition High
seconds after it has been undamaged landed. The location of the satellite can be ✓ ✓ ✓
determined with the telemetry package which has location data. Requirement
27 Competition
The Model Satellite shall give an audible warning when it starts to run. Medium ✓
Requirement
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A I T D
28 Each team shall develop their own ground station. The interface of the ground Competition
High ✓ ✓ ✓
station must be a single page. Requirement
29 Wireless communication modules should be used to send telemetry data and image
Competition High
to ground station. ✓ ✓
Requirement
30 In the ground station software, telemetry data from the Science Payload must be Competition
recorded, displayed in real time, telemetry flow line should be shown and time- High ✓
Requirement
dependent graphs shall be drawn in real time with the correct engineering units.
31 The live video shall be monitored in real time on the ground station and recorded in Competition
Medium ✓
the ground station. Requirement
32 The computer where the ground station software is to be operated shall have at Competition Medium
least two hours of battery full. ✓ ✓
Requirement
33 The gyro sensor on the Science Payload shall simulate the position information of Competition
the model satellite in the ground station interface on at least 1 plane( x-y) and 2 High ✓
Requirement
dimension.
34 The parachute color of the descending Science Payload with the passive landing Competition
Medium ✓
system should be orange and the parachute color of the Container should be black. Requirement
35 A module that transmits one-way data should be integrated on the Container. This
module should only transmit pressure and position data to the Science Payload. Competition High
✓ ✓ ✓
This module should transmit the data to the Science Payload after the Science Requirement
Payload separates from the Container. The Science Payload must transfer the
package received from the Container to the ground station by adding it to the
existing telemetry file. This data should also be saved on the SD card on the
Science Payload.
During the mission, the altitude change between the Container and the Science
Payload should be displayed numericallyon the ground station interface.
36 Container-Science Payload rates, position information and separation status should Competition
be checked by the algorithm and specified mission states should be reflected on the High ✓
Requirement
ground station interface. In addition, the error codes of the missions should be
recorded in the ground station interface and the Science Payload SD card telemetry
file.
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System Concept of Operations(1/2)
• Arrive at launch site.

• Pre-launch brief.
• Set up Ground Station and Antenna.
PRE-LAUNCH • System calibration and configuration based on Ground Station
command.
• Model Satellite Final Check.
• Turn on Model Satellite and place it inside rocket.
• Rocket launch with Model Satellite inside it.

• Rocket and Model Satellite separation (500–700m).
• First parachute deploy (Descent rate at 12-14m/s).
• Container and Science Payload separation(400m).
• Second parachute deploy for science payload (Descent rate at 6-
8m/s).
LAUNCH • Video images and telemetry data transmitted during the entire
flight.
• The video shall be sent from the Ground Station to the Science
Payload and recorded in the SD Card.
• Science Payload shall stop transmitting data to Ground Station
when it landed.
• Recover both Science Payload and Container.

• Inspect Science Payload and container for damage if any.
POST-LAUNCH • Take the SD card from Science payload.
• Analyze data received.
• Post Flight Review preparation.
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System Concept of Operations(2/2)
The model satellite

separates from the
rocket at an altitude of
500-700m. The model
satellite will descend at
12-14 m/s using the At 400m, science
black parachute. payload will separates
from the container. The
science payload will
descend at 6-8 m/s
using the orange
parachute.
The model satellite is

on and placed in the The science payload
rocket. The payload and container landed
starts transmitting and telemetry
telemetry data. transmission will be
stopped after 10
seconds.
Sensor and Electronic Components
Overview
Abdullah Faris bin Muhammad Shahrin
12
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Sensors and Subsystems Overview
SCIENCE PAYLOAD CONTAINER
SENSOR TYPE MODEL MODEL

GPS GY-GPS6MV2 GY-GPS6MV2
TEMPERATURE BME280 -
PRESSURE BME280 BME280
AUTOGYRO GY-ADXL345 -
VOLTAGE VOLTAGE SENSOR ……
CAMERA OV2640 -
SENSOR X GROVE – AIR QUALITY SENSOR V1.3 -
COMMUNICATION SX1278 LORA MODULE SX1278 LORA MODULE

MODULES
PROCESSOR STM32F103C8T6 STM32F103C8T6
BATTERY 9V OK CELL RECHARGEABLE BATTERY ……
ANTENNA GROUP COIL WIRE ……
SUBSYSTEM X SD CARD MODULE, BUZZER, FT232R -

UART, GL55 LDR SENSOR
Hazrlayan: TURKSAT Model Satellite Competition 2023 DR: <APEX VOYAGERS> Team Number: 217512 13
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Sensor Summary(1/3)
GPS Module:
Model Range(m) Sensitivity Mass Accuracy Size (mm) Interface
(g)
GY- As long -162 (dbm) 22 ±2.5 Module: UART
GPS6MV2 can 25x35
connect
to Antenna:
satellites 25x25
Temperature & Pressure Sensor:
Model Range Sensitivity Mass (g) Accuracy Size (mm) Interface
BME280 Pressure: 0.0018 hPa 1 Pressure: 15.5 x 11.5 I2C

300-1100 ±1hPa
hPa
Temperature:
Temperature: ±1.0C
-40 - 85°C
Humidity:
Altitude: ±3%
0 to 30,000 ft
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Sensor Summary(2/3)
Voltage
Model Range Mass (g) Accuracy Size (mm) Interface
VOLTAGE 0-250 V 3 ±3.5 28X14 -

SENSOR
Camera:
Model Resolution Sensitivity Mass (g) Size (mm) Interface
OV2640 1600x1200 0.6V/Lux-sec 6 27x27 SCCB, I2C
Processor:
Model Data Processor Memory Storage Mass Size (mm) Data

bus speed (MHz) (g) Interface
witdh
STM32F103C8 32 72 64 or 128 Kbytes 0.18 23m x 53 I2C, SPI,
T6 UART, CAN,
USB
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Sensor Summary(3/3)
AutoGyro :
Model Sensitivity Interface Mass (g) IMU Size (mm)
GY-ADXL345 +/- 2G to +/- 16G SPI & I2C 0.03 3 3×5×1
Descent Control Design
Dayang Sharinna Suziella Binti Abduludin
17
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Descent Rate Calculations(1/5)
The descent rate of each decent phase will be

estimated using different parameters
First Parachute
Parameters: -Diameter of Parachute (Dp)
Requirements: -Descent rate of 12-14 m/s
Second Parachute
Parameters:-Diameter of Parachute (Dp)
Requirements: -Descent rata of 6-8 m/s
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We use the range of descent velocity Parameters:

between minimum [Vmin = 14 m/s] Dp = The diameter of the parachute (m)
and maximum [Vmax= 12 m/s] v = Descent speed (m/s)
π = 3.14
g = 9.81 m/s2
Assumption:
Cd = 1.75 (Typical Coefficient Drag of Parachute)
M = 0. 252 kg (payload)
3
𝜌 =1.225 kg/m
Chosen diameter Chosen radius

0.22 m 0.11 m
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We use the range of descent velocity Parameters:

between minimum [Vmin = 6 m/s] and Dp = The diameter of the parachute (m)
maximum [Vmax= 8 m/s] v = Descent speed (m/s)
π = 3.14
g = 9.81 m/s2
Assumption:
Cd = 1.75 (Typical Coefficient Drag of Parachute)
M = 0.74 kg (container + payload)
𝜌 = 1.225 kg/m3
Chosen diameter Chosen radius

0.24 m 0.12 m
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Total Mass
Payload 252.228g
Container 487.192g
Total Mass of All System 739.42 g
Model Satellite (Container + Payload) Descent Rate
Model Satellite (Container) Descent Rate
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Model Satellite (Payload) Descent Rate
Mechanical
Subsystem Design
Anon A/L Eh Boon
23
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Mechanical Subsystem Overview(1/3)
CAD Model of Container Structure
Container Top View
Container Side View

Container Design Container sizing
Container Bottom View
• The dimensions of container and payload using technical drawing in CAD

Software
• All measurement units are in mm
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Cad Model of Payload Structure
Payload Top View
Payload sizing
Payload Design
Payload Side View
Payload Bottom View

Software
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Cad Model of Separation Mechanism
The Male and Female locking The female locking mechanism sizing The male locking mechanism sizing
mechanism for Separation
Mechanism

Software
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Working Principles
The first parachute After reaching

will be deployed 400m, the
once the container payload will get
ejected from the detached from
rocket Payload the container
placement and the second
parachute will
deployed.
Container Payload
Team Logo Here Working Principle for Parachute
Deployment
After the rocket was launch at

1 certain altitude (>400 m)
The rocket will inject the

Container
The LDR sensor will detect light

once the container had been
2 ejected, STM32 will receive the
signal. Next, STM32 send the
command to servo motor
Thus, servo motor rotate to push

the lid open and the first
parachute will deployed.
Team Logo Here Working Principle for Separating
Mechanism
1
At altitude 400 m, STM32 will receive the
signal from an altimeter.
Then, STM32 send the command to servo

motor to rotate the male locking mechanism.
This resulted to unlocking the lock mechanism

2 between the male and female. Therefore, with
the help from the gravitational force, the
payload will get detached from the Container.
Hence, after the payload is detached from the

Container, the second parachute will be 4
deployed.
3
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Location Mechanism Explained
The reasons why we put the servomotor and

parachute inside the container is we wanted
to make sure the servomotor and parachute
to be hindered from any difficulty when
deploying the first parachute due to the harsh
environment at 400 m altitude.
The reasons why we placed the male female

mechanism on top of the payload is we
wanted to make sure when the payload got
separated from the Container there won't be
any entanglement happening.
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Mass Budget (1/5)
Mass of each Component

Component Quantity Mass Unit (g) Mass (g) Determination
ADXL345 1 16.0 16.0 Data Sheet
BME280 2 0.6 1.2 Measured
Grove-air quality
1 11.0 11.0 Data Sheet
sensor v1.3
Piezo Buzzer 2 0.7 1.4 Data Sheet
25V Voltage Sensor 1 4.0 4.0 Data Sheet
GY-GPS6MV2 2 22.0 44.0 Data Sheet
LiPo Rechargeable
3.7V 2 32.0 64.0 Measured
1500mAH Battery
MicroSD Card Module 1 5.0 5.0 Data Sheet
Camera OV2640 1 18.0 18.0 Measured
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Mass Budget (2/5)

Rocket Switch 2 4.5 9 Measured
LoRa-02 2 2.0 4.0 Measured
IPeX Antenna 2 18.0 36.0 Data Sheet
STM32F 103C8T6 -
2 8.0 16.0 Measured
Blue Pill
Voltage Regulator 2 0.8 1.6 Estimated
LDR Module 2 2.5 5.0 Measured
OKCell USB
Rechargeable 9V 1 18.0 18.0 Measured
Battery
SG90 Servomotor 2 11.0 22.0 Measured
Total mass of each Component 276.2
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Mass Budget (3/5)
Mass of each Structural Element

Aluminium Hollow
4 10.18 40.72 Estimated
Grey Rod (300mm)
Aluminium Hollow Red
4 2.09 20.36 Estimated
Rod (150mm)
Disc Supporter 5 12.75 63.73 Estimated
Hollow Disc 1 10.01 10.01 Estimated
Disc for Release
1 12.93 12.93 Estimated
Mechanism
Top Lid 1 9.29 9.29 Estimated
Fiberglass Composite
1 177.90 177.90 Estimated
Container
Parachute 2 45.40 90.8 Estimated
Male Locking
1 11.66 11.66 Estimated
Mechanism
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Mass Budget (4/5)

Female Locking
1 24.53 24.53 Estimated
Mechanism
Door Shafts 1 0.29 0.29 Estimated
Carbon Steel Hinge 1 1.00 1.00 Estimated
Total mass of Structural Elements 463.22
Requirement: Total mass of the Model Satellite (Science Payload and

Container) shall be 730 grams +/-20 grams
Total Mass
Payload 252.228g
Container 487.192g
Total Mass of All System 739.42 g
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Mass Budget (5/5)
Requirement: Total mass of the Model Satellite (Science Payload and Container)
shall be 730 grams +/-20 grams
Margin
Mass Competition Requirement – Total Mass of All System = Margin
730.00 - 739.42 = -9.42 g (Fulfill mass tolerance)
Correction Method (Margin Competition ±10g)
We will increase the mass of the

materials with higher infill density with 3D
If Total Mass system < 700 gram
printed material for Payload and adding
extra ply of fiberglass for the Container
We will change the material to more

lighter material such as reducing the ply
If Total Mass system >750 gram
of the composite or using 200gsm
fiberglass.
Communication and
Data Handling (CDH)
Subsystem Design
Muhammad Zikry Zaki Bin Nur Azam
36
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CDH Overview (1/2)
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CDH Overview (2/2)
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Science Payload Antenna
Trade & Selection
Model Size Frequency Distance Weight Coverage Network Connector

(mm) Range (km) (g) Pattern type
(MHz)
LoRa 17 x 16 137-525 10 12 Communication Wireless Onboard
SX1278 range
Coverage Pattern Bit rate(kbps) Est sensitivity

(dBm)
300 (-111) - (-148)
Criteria
1. Frequency Range
2. Size and Weight
3. Power Consumption
4. Operating Frequency
5. Cost and Availability SX1278 LoRa
series of concentric circles representing the
Module
signal strength at different distances from the
device.
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Telemetry Format (1/2)
Name Size Format Description Example
<PACKET NUMBER> 16-bit binary It is the sequential number assigned to each telemetry packet "100111001010001
generated at the time of the competition and sent to the ground 101010011110010
station. The first package begins with 1 and continues 01"
sequentially. In the case of a restart of the processor, the
packets must continue at the last remaining number.
<SATELLITE STATUS> 8-bit binary It is meaningful and numerically information that shows the "01011101"
status of the satellite during the mission period. The following
statuses should be formed numerically.
<ERROR CODE> 5-bit binary It is a 5-digit telemetry data consisting of 0 or 1 to be created 01110
according to the error conditions
<MISSION TIME> 32-bit binary It is the real time with the format Day/Month/Year, "001100110101000
Hour/Minute/Second 111000111001100
111"
<PRESSURE1> 8-bit binary It is the atmospheric pressure value measured by the sensor on "11110000"
the Science Payload. The unit is pascal.
<PRESSURE2> 8-bit binary It is the atmospheric pressure value measured by the sensor on "10001111"
the Container. The unit is pascal.
<ALTITUDE1> 8-bit binary It is the altitude of the Science Payload from the point where the "00011010"
flight begins. The altitude configuration shall be adjusted to be 0
meters from the beginning of the flight. The unit is meters.
<ALTITUDE2> 8-bit binary It is the altitude of the Container from the point where the flight "11010110"
begins. The altitude configuration shall be adjusted to be 0
meters from the beginning of the flight. The unit is meters
<ALTITUDE DIFFERENCE> 8-bit binary The absolute difference between ALTITUDE1 and ALTITUDE2 "00111100"
is the
value. The unit is meters.
<DESCENT RATE> 8-bit binary It is the descent rate data. The unit is m/s. "01010010"
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Telemetry Format (2/2)
Name Size Format Description Example
<TEMP> 16-bi t bi nary It i s the sensed temperature in degrees C. "0110001101100000"

Indicates 25.6 Celsius
<VOLTAGE LEVEL> 8-bi t bi nary It di splays the battery vol tage of the Science Pa yload in Volt. "01101100"
<GPS1 LATITUDE> 32-bi t bi nary It i s the latitudinal position of the Science Payl oad "10111101011011101"
Indicates 121 degree
<GPS1 LONGITUDE> 32-bi t bi nary It i s the l ongitudinal position of the Science Pa yload. "1000110011011011"
Indicates 35.12 degree
<GPS1 ALTITUDE> 32-bi t bi nary It i s the altitude data of the Science Pa yload generated by the GPS. "0011111010011000"
i ndicated 1km
<GPS2 LONGITUDE> 32-bi t bi nary It i s the latitudinal position of the Container. "10111101011011101"
Indicates 121 degree
<GPS2 LATITUDE> 32-bi t bi nary It i s the l ongitudinal position of the Container. "1000110011011011"
Indicates 35.12 degree
<GPS2 ALTITUDE> 32-bi t bi nary It i s the altitude data of the Container generated by the GPS. "0011111010011000"
i ndicates 1km
<PITCH> 32-bi t bi nary It i s the tilt a ngle in the pitch axis in degrees. "010111001010001101
01001111001011"
<ROLL> 32-bi t bi nary It i s the tilt a ngle in the roll a xis i n degrees. "011001001010001101
01001111001011"
<YAW> 32-bi t bi nary i s the ti lt angle in the ya w axis i n degrees. "110100100101000110
101001111001010"
<TEAM ID> 32-bi t bi nary After the a pplication process i s completed, the team numbers are "110011001010001101
gi ven. It is a 5 di git number. The team number of each team is 01001111001010"
di fferent from the number of the other teams
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Video Transfer (1/2)
The stages of transferring camera data from science payload to ground station
Stage Description
Data acquisition The camera captures the images and stores it in memory device
Data compressing and The size and format is compress into specific file type to be
formatting compatible with the ground station's software
Data transmission The data transmitted to the ground station via wireless
communication system (radio frequency)
Data reception The ground station's receiver captures the transmitted data and
stores it in its own memory
Data processing The data obtained is process and analyze
Data archiving The processed data is stored in the database memory
Antenna Description
Applied antenna : Type Spring antenna (Coil)
Operating frequency 433 MHz
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Video Transfer (2/2)
The stages of transmission Video Package from ground station to science payload
Stage Description
Video encoding The video package is compressed and encoded into a format that
compatible with LoRa module
Packetization The encoded video is divided into smaller package to enhance the
transfer process
Data modulation The packet are modulated onto RF carrier signal, which then amplified
and sent to the antenna for transmission
Transmission The modulated signal is transmitted to the science payload by the LoRa
module
Data reception Science payload captures the transmitted signal and demodulates it to
obtain the original data packets
Video decoding The packets are reassembled into original video package and decoded
to generate the original video
Video storage The decoded video is then stored In the memory of the science payload
Team Logo Here ICN (Inter-System Communication
Network) (1/2)
RF/Antenna Group
Spring antenna (Coil)
Specification Description
Group Data Module Antenna
Operating frequency 433 MHz
Gain 3 dBi
Connector type ipex
Team Logo Here ICN (Inter-System Communication
Network) (2/2)
The phase of the data transfer from container to science payload to ground station
Flow Diagram
Electrical
Subsystem
Design(EPS)
Aini Syafiqah binti Che Embi
46
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EPS Overview
Container EPS Component
Component Purpose
• An OKCell USB Rechargeable 9V battery is used to supply all components in the container.
Power • A power switch (external on/off switch) will be used to connect or disconnect the power and also used to reset the container.
• Voltage Converter is used to step down the voltage from battery level 9V to 5V for supplyneeded.
MCU • STM32 blue pill will collect all data sensors and drive all actuators. It will be supplied by 5V output from the voltage converter.
Sensors • GY-GPS6MV2 will acquire position data. It will be supplied by3.3V from the STM32 blue pill.
• BME 280 will collect altitude data for separation at altitude 400m. It will be supplied by 3.3V from the STM32 blue pill.
• LDR module is used to trigger servo motor. It will be supplied by5V from the STM32 blue pill.
Actuators • The servo motors will do the lid opening. Theywill be supplied by 5V from the STM32 blue pill.
• The buzzer will act as an indicator to show the whole system is on. It will be supplied by3.3V from GPIO pin.
Communications • LoRa SX1278 will be used powered by 3.3 V line for telemetry and command transmission.
Payload EPS Component
Component Purpose
• 2 cell LiPo Rechargeable 3.7V 1500mAH battery is used to supplyall components in the payload.
• A power switch (external on/off switch) will be used to connect or disconnect the power and also used to reset the payload.
Power • Voltage Converter is used to step down the voltage from battery level 7.4V to 5V for supplyneeded.
• STM32 blue pill will collect all data sensors and drive all actuators. It will be supplied by 5V output from the voltage converter.
MCU • SD Card will save all sensors data.
• BME280 will collect temperature, humidity and pressure data. It will be supplied by 3.3V from the STM32 blue pill.
• ADXL345 will collect orientation data. It will be supplied by 5V from the STM32 blue pill.
Sensors • The voltage sensor will collect voltage data. It will be connected to 7.4V from the battery.
• GROVE will collect data on air quality. It will be supplied by 5V from the STM32 blue pill.
• GY-GPS6MV2 will acquire position data. It will be supplied by3.3V from the STM32 blue pill.
• LDR module is used to act as indicator if the release mechanism failed. It will be supplied by5V from the STM32 blue pill.
• Camera will be used to record video telemetry. It will be supplied by 3.3V from the STM32 blue pill.
Actuators • The buzzer will act as an indicator to show the whole system is on. It will be supplied by3.3V from GPIO pin.
Communications • LoRa SX1278 will be used powered by 3.3 V line for telemetry and command transmission.
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Container Electrical Block Diagram
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Container Power Budget
Component Quantity Source Voltage Current (mA) Duty cycles Power

(V) (h:min:s) consumption(Wh)
STM32F103C8T6 1 Data Sheet 5 26.6 1:0:0 0.133

- Blue Pill
GY-GPS6MV2 1 Data Sheet 3.3 67 1:0:0 0.2211
BME 280 1 Data Sheet 3.3 0.325 1:0:0 0.0010725
LDR Module 1 Data Sheet 5 15 0:10:0 0.0125
SG90 Servomotor 2 Data Sheet 5 250 0:10:0 0.4166
Piezo Buzzer 1 Data Sheet 3.3 20 0:10:0 0.011
LoRa-02 1 Data Sheet 3.3 93 1:0:0 0.3069
TOTAL 1.1022
Total power consumption (Wh) = 1.1022 + 20% of total power consumption

= 1.3226
Available power (maximum) 8.1Wh OKCell USB
Rechargeable 9V
900mAH battery
Total power consumption 1.3226Wh
Margins 6.7774Wh
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Payload Electrical Block Diagram
2 x LiPo
Rechargeable
3.7V 1500mAH
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Payload Power Budget (1/2)
Component Quantity Source Voltage Current (mA) Duty cycles Power

(V) (h:min:s) consumption(Wh)
STM32F103C8T6 - 1 Data Sheet 5 26.6 1:0:0 0.133

Blue Pill
GY-GPS6MV2 1 Data Sheet 3.3 67 1:0:0 0.2211
BME280 1 Data Sheet 3.3 0.325 1:0:0 0.0010725
LDR Module 1 Data Sheet 5 15 0:10:0 0.0125
Camera OV2640 1 Data Sheet 3.3 0.6 1:0:0 0.00198
Piezo Buzzer 1 Data Sheet 3.3 20 0:10:0 0.011
ADXL345 1 Data Sheet 5 0.025 1:0:0 0.000125
Grove-air quality 1 Estimated 5 90 1:0:0 0.45

sensor v1.3
25V Voltage 1 Data Sheet 7.4 2 1:0:0 0.0148
Sensor
MicroSD Card 1 Data Sheet 3.3 200 1:0:0 0.66
Module
LoRa-02 1 Data Sheet 3.3 93 1:0:0 0.3069
TOTAL 1.8125
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Payload Power Budget (2/2)
Total power consumption (Wh) = 1.8125 + 20% of total power consumption

= 2.175
Available power (maximum) 11.1Wh 2 cells LiPo
Rechargeable 3.7V
Total power consumption 2.175Wh 1500mAH
Margins 8.925Wh
Battery power = voltage × current

Available Power (Max) - Total Power Consumption = Margin
Charging method
Both batteries can be charged using USB cable.
Built-in USB
port charging USB charging
in 9V battery module for
3.7V battery
Charging time
Battery type Time(h)
2 cells LiPo Rechargeable 3.7V 1500mAH 3-6
OKCell USB Rechargeable 9V 900mAH battery 2
Flight Software (FSW)
Design
Abdullah Faris bin Muhammad Shahrin
53
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FSW Overwiew
Flight Software Task Programming Languages Development Environment
During ascent and until it lands, C/C++ ArduinoIDE

CanSat will gather data from sensors CubeIDE
and relay it to GCS. The container will
release the cargo via a linear actuator
mechanism at aproximately 400 metres
altitude . The data is backed up and the
video sent from Ground Station is
stored on the science payload using
SD Card.
A video camera will be added to the

science payload pointed downward
and show the descent of the payload
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FSW State Diagram
Ground Station Design
Ammar Hafiz bin Roslli
56
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GCS Software (1/5)
User Interface Software Selection

Software Description Interface Prototype Illustration
An open-source visual programming software that

Node-RED virtually connects hardware. Programmable virtual
buttons are implemented to receive, parse and
communicate the flight data to the database. It is
also programming-friendly and enables data flow
manipulation to be made with ease. The nodes are
programmable in JavaScript if necessary.
An open-source time-series database that is able

InfluxDB to collect the flight data and store it with a
timestamp. The service exists as a downloadable
plugin in Node-RED and therefore is able to collect
flight data from programmed data flows in Node-
RED.
An open-source data visualizer that is able to retrieve
Grafana data with ease from InfluxDB as a plugin is available. The
query language is also identical between InfluxDB and
Grafana making the translation of data seamless. Grafana
has a multitude of visualization panels that are able to
display telemetry data according to user preference.
Grafana will also be configured to act as a command
panel with its button plugin.
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GCS Software (2/5)
IAS Input Data Acquisition and Output Error Code Status Response
No. IAS Error Code Input Data Acquisition Output Status Response
Case-validation
Description
Container Container landing rate value variable is continuously IAS Error Code Case 1 variable becomes true
landing rate at updated by the processing of its reading and (RED) when Container landing rate value variable is
1 values other calculation component (BME 280) not within the range of 12-14 m/s at time interval of
than 12-14 m/s telemetry packet generation.
Payload Payload landing rate value variable is IAS Error Code Case 2 variable becomes true (RED)
2 landing rate at continuously updated by the processing of its when Payload landing rate value variable is not
values other th reading and calculation component (BME 280) within the range of 6-8 m/s at time interval of
an 6-8 m/s telemetry packet generation.
Container Container position data valid processing value IAS Error Code Case 3 variable becomes true (RED)
3 position data variable is determined by the processing of its when Container position data valid processing value
reading failure position measurement component (GY-GPSGMV2) variable is false (NULL) at time interval of
telemetry packet generation.
Payload Payload position data valid processing value IAS Error Code Case 4 variable becomes true (RED)
4 position data variable is determined by the processing of its when Payload position data valid processing
reading failure position measurement component (GY-GPSGMV2) value variable is false (NULL) at time interval of
Container- Container-Payload release data is determined by the IAS Error Code Case 5 variable become true (RED)
5 Payload value change of release-determining component when resistance of light-dependent resistor is equal to
release failure (light-dependent resistor) initial value after release signal at time interval of
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GCS Software (3/5)
Description of Main IAS Loop Process Flow
-> Main IAS loop is initiated by Container-Science Payload release signal

-> Loop is designed to maintain continuous characteristic for error code status update
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GCS Software (4/5)
Proposal for processor data processing capacity sustainability

STM32 Processor device comprises of 64KB flash memory and 20KB SRAM (Static Random-access memory), which are
processing memory used for program data storage and quick access. Status of both memory blocks will be excluded from final
capacity perfomance operating phase. However, capacity changes and utilization are to be tracked during prototype development and
factor testing phase.
Contains non-volatile 64KB memory capacity used to store program code and data the remains retained in
device after powered off such as variables, configuration settings, and other required to be preserved data. It
Flash memory
is also responsible for storing the device bootloader, which is needed for device initialization and main
program loading. The utilization and available memory capacity can be tracked using STM_32_heap_end()
instruction found in the Arduino_STM32 library.
Contains volatile 20KB memory capacity used to store program data which is frequently referred to by the
SRAM device processing unit for quick access. However, data is erased from memory after device powered off. It is
(Static Random-Access commonly to be faster than the non- volatile memory, further accommodating the device performance. It is
Memory) also responsible to store temporary data that the device processing unit is working with.
Involved IAS Software Packages

IAS monitoring mechanism Node-RED/InfluxDB/Grafana
IAS processing Arduino IDE for STM32F103C8T6
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GCS Software (5/5)
Ground Station Software-Hardware Compatibility Architecture
Science-Payload Science-Payload, which also contains similar Communication RX/TX module is involved
in receiving and transmitting data, in this case, from the ground station PC device, as
per mission prerequisite.
Communication RX/TX To accommodate communication between Science-Payload and Ground Station PC, the
Module Communication module comprised of an SX1278 LoRa module and compatible LoRa
Antenna 433MHz will provide required feasibility, particularly for PC device.
Ground Station PC Ground Station PC device, with hardware connection to the Communication RX/TX
module, is involved in receiving and transmitting data, in this case, from the Science-
Payload, as per mission prerequisite.
Model Satellite
Integration and Test
Dayang Sharinna Suziella Binti Abduludin
62
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Overview (1/2)
Subsystem Level Testing Details
Sensors: All sensors will be installed to the PCB with microcontroller to start processing data (output will be
displayed on serial monitor of Arduino IDE) .
CDH: LoRa-02 configuration tested on PCB and using Arduino software to ensure if there’s no error occurred while
data transmission.
EPS: Connect battery to all electronic components to ensure it will last for 1 hours.
Radio Communications: Communication range test using LoRa-02 and antenna.
FSW: State test and recovery test to ensure the software worked properly.
Deployment Test: Mechanisms such as auto-gyro, hinges, servos and release mechanisms will be tested to meet
competition requirements.
Descent Control: Descent rate of container and science payload will be tested at certain heights.
Integrated Level Testing Details
Descent Testing: Model satellite descent rate will be tested to accomplish calculation we’ve made.
Communications: LoRa-02 communication through Ground Station-Container-Payload will be tested using
antenna and verify telemetry data meet competition requirements.
Deployment Testing: Mechanical parts will be tested to survive required force limits by testing the all
mechanisms repeatedly. Servo will be tested to ensure both top and bottom lid opens properly.
Simulation: Testing Flight Software and Ground Station to perform simulation mode.
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Overview (2/2)
Enviromental Testing Details
Drop Test: 61 cm cord will connect satellite and 2m height fixed bar. Drop test will then be conducted and satellite
power, components, and mountings will be observed
Thermal Test: Placing satellite inside DIY insulated thermal box. Heat will be generated from blower and maintain
this condition between 55-60°C for 1 hours.
Vibration Test: Vibration test will be performed by using random orbital sander to verify the mounting integrity of all
components, mounting connections, structural integrity, and battery connections.
Fit Check: Satellite’s dimensions will be measured using micrometer callipers, ruler, and tape.
Vacuum Test: Satellite will be placed on Vacuum Chamber to start collecting data using telemetry format when
peak altitude has reached.
Simulation: Testing Flight Software and Ground Station to perform simulation mode.
Simulation Testing Details
Ground Station: Simulation command from Ground Station works properly.
Flight Software: Simulation command could trigger microprocessor to processing data from Ground Station.
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Subsystem Level Testing Plan
Sensor
Test Description
All sensors are calibrated relatively a
Sensor Calibration
verified source.
All sensors are checked to see if they works

Operatable Sensors
or not.
Communication Data Handling
Test Description
Data transfer speed is checked besides

accuracy between LoRa-02 receiver
Accurate Data Transfer Test and transmitter is tested.
LoRa-02 transfer module is tested to accurate

data transfer with a certain distance. Also
LoRa-02 Data Transfer Range and
outdoor and indoor tests are done directly.
Configuration
5
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Electrical Power
Test Description
Chosen power source

battery is connected to
Voltage Measurment
components and voltage
values are measured with
multimeter.
Operation currents
Current Measurment are checked with
reference to EPS
calculations.
Radio Communication
Test Description
Communication Noises are filtered by a filter.
Flight Software
Test Description
Code is checked
Algorithm Test
with considering of time
phases.
6
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Mechanical
Test Description
Container and
Aerodynamic Test parachute design is
inspected
for aerodynamic flow.
Total mass is
Weight Control Test
checked according to the
requirements.
Servo voltage and
Separation of
Servo Motor Adjustment current values are
measured by multimeter Parachute
Descent Control
Test Description
Parachute
Separation of Parachute Test separation mechanism is
tested during descent
process.
Parachute and
autogyro speeds are tested
Velocity Test
during descent process at
different altitudes.
7
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Integrated Level Functional Test Plan
Descent Testing
1. This test is to verify that satellite descends at a speed corresponding
to mission guide.
2. A dummy satellite is tied to a drone with mass of 710g to verify its descent rate.
Communications
1. This test is to verify that the communication system worked properly.
2. The flight software is run to monitor the LoRa-02 communication at 1Hz. The data shall appear in Ground Station monitor.
3. Ensure data received is in correct format to mission guide.
Mechanisms
1. This test is to verify that payload is able to release from the container and parachute mechanisms worked properly.
2. Release triggering test using pressure sensor that converts into altitude to ensure payload releases at 400m and
LDR Module.
3. Check main mechanisms’ components condition after several tests such as hinges and servos to ensure it survives given
force limits.
4. Check attachment points such to ensure parachute stay attached due to forces.
Deployment
1. Deploying container and science payload in various altitude.
2. Parachute deployment will be tested in various altitude.
3. Ensure there is no sharp edges and obstacle that prevents satellite from deploying.
Simulation
1. This test is designed to verify if Ground Station shall have the capability to get telemetry data at a rate of one per
second (1Hz).
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Environmental Test Plan
Drop Test
This test is designed to verify that the container parachute and attachment point will survive the deployment from the rocket payload
section which can be very violent.
1. Power on satellite.
2. Verify telemetry is being received.
3. Raise the satellite by a 61 cm non-stretchingcord
4. Release the satellite.
5. Verify the satellite did not lose power. Inspect for any damage, or detached parts and verify telemetry is still being received.
Thermal Test
This test is to verify the science payload and container can operate in a hot environment. A thermal chamber is used and hot air
gun as heat source.
1. Place satellite into a thermal chamber and Hot Air Gun as a heat source.
2. Turn on the satellite.
3. Close and seal the thermal chamber.
4. Turn on the heat source.
5. Turn off the heat source when the internal temperature reaches 60°C and turn on the heat source when the temperature
drops to 55°C for one hours.
Vacuum Test
This test is designed to verify deployment operation of the payload.
1. Suspend the fully configured and powered satellite in the vacuum chamber.
2. Turn on the vacuum to start pulling vacuum.
3. Monitor the telemetry and stop the vacuum when the peak altitude has been
reached.
4. Let the air enter the vacuum chamber slowly and monitor the operation of the
satellite.
5. Collect and save telemetry.
Conclusions
Ammar Hafiz bin Roslli
70
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Conclusion
Major Accomplishments Major Unfinished Works

• Mechanical assembly
• Design criteria are achieved. isn't performed yet.
• Modules and sensors are • Mechanical system
ordered, delivered and tested. hasn't been tested yet.
• Algorithm for FSW is created. • Testing and troubleshoot
• GCS and GUI are created. flight software until achieve
minimal error
We have achieved to complete preliminary design specifications and we are ready to
apply all designs and calculation.
Apex Voyager is ready for next missions.
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Conclusions
Estimated Budget – Science Payload

Component Quantity Unit Cost (RM) Total Cost (RM) Determination
ADXL345 1 9.95 9.95 Actual
BME280 1 21.90 21.90 Actual
Grove – Air Quality Sensor v1.3 1 45.00 45.00 Actual
Buzzer 1 1.80 1.80 Actual
Voltage Sensor 1 1.90 1.90 Actual
GY-GPSGMV2 1 20.70 20.70 Actual
LiPo Rechargeable 3.7V 1500mAH 2 19.50 39.00 Actual
SD Card Module 1 5.40 5.40 Actual
OV2640 1 29.90 29.90 Actual
Rocker Switch 1 1.80 1.80 Actual
SX1278 LoRa Module 1 29.95 29.95 Actual
LoRa Antenna 433MHz 1 5.90 5.90 Actual
STM32F103C8T6 1 24.80 24.80 Actual
Voltage Regulator 1 1.00 1.00 Actual
Light-Dependent Resistor (LDR) 1 2.40 2.40 Actual
Total Cost Science Payload Components (RM) 241.40
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Conclusions
Estimated Budget – Container

SG90 Servo Motor 2 6.90 18.80 Actual
BME280 1 21.90 21.90 Actual
Buzzer 1 1.80 1.80 Actual
GY-GPSGMV2 1 20.70 20.70 Actual
9V Battery 1 19.50 19.50 Actual
Rocker Switch 1 1.80 1.80 Actual
STM32F103C8T6 1 24.80 24.80 Actual
Voltage Regulator 1 1.00 1.00 Actual
Light-Dependent Resistor (LDR) 1 2.40 2.40 Actual
Total Cost Container Components (RM) 148.55
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Conclusions
Estimated Budget – Ground Reception

STM32F103C8T6 1 24.80 24.80 Actual
Total Cost Ground Reception Components (RM) 60.65
Total Estimated Budget – Summary

Estimated Total Estimated Total Estimated Total
Procurement
Costs (RM) Costs (TRY) Costs (USD)
Science-Payload 241.40 1069.40 57.94
Container 148.55 658.08 35.65
Ground Reception 60.65 268.68 14.56
Final Total Costs 450.60 1996.16 108.14

T-MUY2023 DR TEMPLATE EN VFxYT

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Universiti Sains Malaysia

Design Review (DR)

SECTION PREPARER PAGES

Sensor and Electronic Abdullah Faris 29-46

Mechanical Subsystem Design Anon A/L Eh Boon 67-97

Communication and Data Muhammad Zikry Zaki 98-119

Electrical Subsystem Design Aini Syafiqah 120-133

Flight Software (FSW) Design Abdullah Faris 134-150

Ground Station Design Ammar Hafiz 151-162

Model Satellite Integration Dayang Sharinna 163-181

Aini Syafiqah binti Che Embi

No Requirement Reasons Priority Verifications

No Requirement Reasons Priority Verifications

10 All electronic equipment and mechanical components to be assembled shall be Competition

No Requirement Reasons Priority Verifications

No Requirement Reasons Priority Verifications

• Arrive at launch site.

• Rocket launch with Model Satellite inside it.

• Recover both Science Payload and Container.

The model satellite

The model satellite is

SCIENCE PAYLOAD CONTAINER

SENSOR TYPE MODEL MODEL

PRESSURE BME280 BME280

VOLTAGE VOLTAGE SENSOR ……

SENSOR X GROVE – AIR QUALITY SENSOR V1.3 -

COMMUNICATION SX1278 LORA MODULE SX1278 LORA MODULE

BATTERY 9V OK CELL RECHARGEABLE BATTERY ……

ANTENNA GROUP COIL WIRE ……

SUBSYSTEM X SD CARD MODULE, BUZZER, FT232R -

Temperature & Pressure Sensor:

Model Range Sensitivity Mass (g) Accuracy Size (mm) Interface

BME280 Pressure: 0.0018 hPa 1 Pressure: 15.5 x 11.5 I2C

Model Range Mass (g) Accuracy Size (mm) Interface

VOLTAGE 0-250 V 3 ±3.5 28X14 -

Model Resolution Sensitivity Mass (g) Size (mm) Interface

OV2640 1600x1200 0.6V/Lux-sec 6 27x27 SCCB, I2C

Model Data Processor Memory Storage Mass Size (mm) Data

Model Sensitivity Interface Mass (g) IMU Size (mm)

GY-ADXL345 +/- 2G to +/- 16G SPI & I2C 0.03 3 3×5×1

Dayang Sharinna Suziella Binti Abduludin

The descent rate of each decent phase will be

We use the range of descent velocity Parameters:

Chosen diameter Chosen radius

We use the range of descent velocity Parameters:

Chosen diameter Chosen radius

Model Satellite (Container + Payload) Descent Rate

Model Satellite (Container) Descent Rate

Model Satellite (Payload) Descent Rate

CAD Model of Container Structure

Container Top View

Container Side View

Container Bottom View

• The dimensions of container and payload using technical drawing in CAD

Cad Model of Payload Structure

Payload Top View

Payload Side View

Payload Bottom View

• The dimensions of container and payload using technical drawing in CAD

Cad Model of Separation Mechanism

• The dimensions of container and payload using technical drawing in CAD

The first parachute After reaching

After the rocket was launch at