PROPOSED HIGH STRAIN

DYNAMIC PILE TESTING

FOR BORED PILES

This Statement details the procedure of High Strain Dynamic pile testing using the Pile
Driving Analyzer (PDA) and the CAPWAP analysis method. The test method is in
accordance with the ASTM D4945 and ICE (UK) standards.
 CONTENTS

Page

1.0 Introduction 1
2.0 Scope of work 2
3.0 Test Procedure 4
4.0 Data Assessment and CAPWAP Analysis 5
5.0 Reporting 6
6.0 Company Experience and Resources 7
7.0 Quality Assurance 7

APPENDICES

A PDA Equipment Brochures

B Technical Papers
1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 This proposal to for the Proposed High Strain Dynamic Pile Testing on Bored
Piles. Dynamic pile test is to carried out to determine the pile capacity and
structural integrity and as a quality assurance for the piling works as required in
the specifications.

1.2 Dynamic Pile Testing Sdn Bhd is a Malaysian based company. It brings together
the latest scientific and technological expertise to provide specialist dynamic pile
testing services and analysis. The firm owns and operates the PDA/CAPWAPC
system of testing which involves State of the Art equipment and computer
software. This system is well-known worldwide and has been used extensively
throughout Asian and Pacific regions.

1.3 Dynamic pile testing is performed using the Pile Driving Analyser (PDA). The
PDA/CAPWAPC system has been developed by Pile Dynamics Inc, USA and has
been in use worldwide for more than 30 years. Dynamic Pile Testing is now
officially recognised in the ASTM standard D4945 and ICE Piling Specifications
(UK) standard.

The Pile Driving Analyser (PDA) is both a field data acquisition unit as well as a
computer unit for onsite data assessment. The CAPWAP computer software
allows full and accurate analysis of the PDA field data. The CAPWAP facility, is
office based, and will be available for the analysis data. Only an engineer with
extensive experience working with the PDA will analyse the data with the
CAPWAP program package. This will guarantee quality results.

1
1.4 Dynamic Pile Testing Sdn Bhd maintains a close working relationship with Pile
Dynamics Inc. USA. With the wealth of experience gained from major offshore
and onshore projects our professional staff are able to give reliable, accurate and
overall quality work. The engineer in charge of the project has extensive
experience in dynamic pile testing and geotechnical assessments of piled
foundations.

2.0 SCOPE OF WORK

2.1 This scope of pile instrumentation and monitoring services during pile driving is
based on the ASTM D4945 and ICE piling specifications (UK). The following
services are provided (2.2 to 2.3):

2.2 After Installation of Cast-In-Situ Piles

The field instrumentation data will be processed and the following values will be
calculated on completion of testing :
a) Energy of the hammer actually transmitted to the pile.
b) Total soil resistance, skin friction and tip resistance.
c) Magnitude of pile driving stress at the measured location.
d) Structural integrity of the tested piles.

2.3 Final Report

A final report will be prepared on completion of the field work, incorporating

results of the tested piles together with the details of pile instrumentation and
recording equipment, records of field measurements made and analysis of the
measured data (refer details in 5.0).

2
3.0 TEST PROCEDURE

Dynamic pile test will be conducted on the cast-in-situ piles after a period where
the concrete is allowed to set.

Prior pile head preparation during casting or before testing is required. This shall
include a permanent steel casing of at least one pile diameter. Details of the pile
head preparation are shown in Figure 5.

The pile is to be at least 1 diameters (or 1.0m above the ground level for pile size
less than 1000mm dia.). 3 nos. each of 6mm diameter holes are drilled on the four
sides of the pile. The gauges are then attached to the pile using wall plugs.

The client will supply and operate the crane to lift and drop hammer to induce a
driving force on to the pile. Hammer set-up is indicated in Figure 6. Dynamic
measurements of force and velocity signals will be collected by gauges attached to
the pile (see Figures 1). This data will be processed by the PDA to give immediate
visual and permanent record onsite.

A typical visual record is shown in Figure 2. The PDA will also provide onsite
results such as:

1) Mobilised static load capacity based on the CASE method.

2) Pile Integrity - location and extent of damage.
3) Pile Stresses - maximum compression forces at pile top/toe.
4) Hammer Performance - maximum energy transferred to the pile.

3
4.0 DATA ASSESSMENT AND CAPWAP ANALYSIS

4.1 The pile top force and velocity signals recorded in the field will be processed and
a representative blow will be selected for further analysis using the CAPWAP
suite of computer software.

CAPWAP analysis involves applying the measured pile top force/velocity time
record as a boundary condition to a wave equation model of the pile comprising of
continuous segments.

The soil model is continuously adjusted in an iterative procedure until the

computed pile top force time record is in close agreement to the measured pile top
force time record. When good agreement is obtained between measured and
computed pile top data the soil resistance parameters are assumed to provide the
best accurate model of the actual soil behaviour.

4.2 A typical presentation of the CAPWAP results will be as follows:

1) CAPWAP model - a match curve of computed pile top force to the

measured pile top force time record.
2) Total computed soil capacity - sum of Skin Friction and Toe Bearing.
3) Computed Load against Settlement curve.

4
5.0 REPORTING

5.1 Initial results are normally available within 24 hours or two working days of the
completion of each test. These shall include the following:

a) the assumed damping factor

b) the assumed wavespeed
c) the maximum force applied to the pile head
d) the maximum pile head velocity
e) the maximum energy imparted to the pile
f) the maximum tension force experience by the pile
g) the field estimated static resistance
h) the maximum driving stresses

5.2 A full report shall be submitted within 10 days of the completion of testing. This
report shall include the following:

a) report all information given in preliminary report

b) information of pile size and working load
c) date of pile installation
d) date of test
e) pile identification and location
f) length of pile below existing surface
g) total pile length, including projection above existing surface at time of testing
h) length of pile from instrumentation position to pile toe
i) hammer type
j) best estimated static capacity
k) pile integrity
l) force/velocity versus time trace
m) computed load versus settlement

5
6.0 COMPANY EXPERIENCE AND RESOURCES

6.1 Dynamic Pile Testing Sdn Bhd is incorporated in Malaysia. The engineer handling
the job has been involved in routine dynamic pile testing services in the local
construction industry since 1989. Vast experience has been accumulated by the
engineer with the successful completion of over 3000 projects in Malaysia,
Brunei, Vietnam, Singapore, New Zealand, Philippines, Thailand, Taiwan
Bangladesh, Fiji, Papua New Guinea.

7.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE

7.1 Quality control is the single most important element in a successful dynamic test.
Every stage in setting up and operation of the testing is subjected to thorough
quality assurance checking procedures. The equipment has many inbuilt checking
routines and signals warning display.

7.2 Quality assurance procedures are also followed in data processing and CAPWAP
analysis. Check reviews and reanalysis will be carried out prior to final reporting.

7.3 Dynamic Pile Testing Sdn Bhd will use geotechnical engineers trained and
experienced in the application of the PDA/CAPWAP system to provide the
necessary quality assurance.

7.4 The company has achieved the MS ISO 9001 : 2008 certification by SIRIM QAS
Sdn Bhd.

6
 Accelerometer 1

Stroin Goge I

Accelerometer 2
Stroin Goge 2
width (w)

fU
-1 f

6 t3-
3 t I /16'

1 1/2 !r/2'
1/2!1/T

A,ll holes ore 3/t€, depth is 1 1/2'

tMinirnum distonce is 1.5 w (greoter distonce pref eroble. timited
only by pile penetrotions).

rtGURE 1 - GAUGES ARRANGEMENTS ON PILBS

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PPI PILE HEAI) PREPARATION FOR BORED PII,E

Min.6mm Thk.
Concrc'tc at pile top
Stcel Casing
flush *ith stcel Bord Pile
casiry and !o crrvcr
dl startcr bars.

,,,N

E(il.t--"=\ I I I lluintA

Notc:
Picturc l: - Insitu pilc to bc p,rcparod for PDA tcsting.
Picture 2: - Hacked off'wc8&' concr€tc uutil rclid concretc is cxposod.
- Surro$ding area to hc excavarcd if rcquirod.
Picturc 3: - Placod stccl casing (min 6mm) as lining and pour fresh concr€te with grade simiter or
bctt6 dran existing concrctc.
- FrEEh concrst€ to covcr the top of stcel bars of bored pilcs and is to bc flush with etcel
casing.
Picture 4: - Coocrttc to bc eirred hcfore tcsting can pruc€€d.
- Pile sunounding to be clesrcd of soil for geuges attachmcnt below steel casing.
 FIGURE 5 : HAMMER & GUIDE SYSTEM

FIGURE 6 : HAMMER LIFTED TO DROP HEIGHT

ru

APPENDIX A

PDA EQUIPMENT BROCHURES

Pile Driving Analyzer Model 8G
®

System for dynamic load testing and pile driving monitoring

Bearing capacity of all types of deep foundations

The Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) eighth generation (8G) system acquires data from accelerometers
and strain transducers attached to a pile or shaft so that High Strain Dynamic Tests (ASTM
D4945) may be performed. The tests require the impact of a pile driving hammer or, if that is
not available, of a suitable drop weight.

High Strain Dynamic Load Test with the PDA-8G

The PDA-8G assesses bearing capacity and structural integrity. Preliminary field
results are further analyzed with the CAPWAP® software, for results that correlate very well
with static load tests. High Strain Dynamic Load Tests may be performed on drilled shafts,
continuous flight auger, cast-in-situ or driven piles. The PDA-8G has new features that
make it easier to use for drilled shaft testing, such as the option of conducting the
test with four or more wireless strain transducers. When a ram of sufficient
mass is used, high strain dynamic load tests performed with the The PDA-8G is sleek, light
PDA may meet Rapid Load Test standards (ASTM D7383). and ergonomic. Its large screen responds
to gesture controls like swiping and pinch-to zoom.

The Pile Driving Analyzer model 8G is designed with the field engineer in
mind. Its screen, with a higher resolution LCD than previous generations
of PDAs, displays measured signals and calculated results in real time,
and allows more options to be viewed simultaneously.

(Remote Testing*)
• A cost and time efficient alternate to traditional on-site testing
• The engineer performs Pile Driving Monitoring or Dynamic Load Tests
from any office
• Real time field to office data transmission via Internet
• Simple field setup
PDA-8G in the field *U.S. Patent No. US 6,301,551 B1

Pile Driving Monitoring with the PDA-8G

Pile Driving Monitoring helps establish the Driving Criterion and contri-
butes to safe and economical production pile installation. The PDA-8G
calculates the capacity of driven piles at the time of testing
(by Case Method and iCAP®), driving hammer performance,
driving stresses, and indicators of pile integrity. The enhanced
data transmission of the PDA-8G allows testing during driving with fast
hitting hammers having blow rates as high as 120 bpm, without loss
of data.

Wireless Mode
• No cables from the accelerometers and strain transducers to the PDA.
• Fast signal transmission of up to 100 m (330 ft) through WiFi
The PDA-8G may also be used with cabled (traditional) accelerometers
and strain transducers. Receiving test data with SiteLink.

Quality Assurance for Deep Foundations

Four or Eight Universal Data Channels
Most High Strain Dynamic Tests require only 2 strain transducers and 2
accelerometers installed near the top of the foundation. These 2 pairs
of sensors are sufficient to obtain the force and velocity records needed
for the PDA calculations, thus making four channels of data acquisition
adequate for most driven pile tests.
Eight channels of data acquisition - 4 strain transducers and 4 accelero-
meters - are recommended for dynamic tests of augered cast-in-place /
continuous flight auger piles and drilled shafts, and might be helpful
for spiral-welded pipes. Eight channels are also essential for dynamic
measurements to be made simultaneously on follower and pile,
and when a pair of accelerometers and strain transducers
is installed at a second location along the length of the
foundation (for example by embedding sensors near
the toe of a concrete pile). The 8 channels of
data acquisition of the PDA model 8G are
universal: any combination of accelero-
meters and strain transducers
may be used.
All PDA-8G channels, either
in Wireless or Traditional
modes, are compatible with
Smart Sensors (no need to input
sensor calibration into the PDA).
clockwise from top right: Wireless
Transmitter, Accelerometer and
Strain Transducer
Engineers around the world have been using the PDA for more than
four decades. High Strain Dynamic Tests performed with the PILE
DRIVING ANALYZER are standardized by ASTM 4945 and are recog-
nized by, among others, National Codes of Australia, Brazil, Canada,
China, Egypt, Qatar, United Kingdom and Eurocode 7; International
Building Code (USA); American Association of State Highway Officials,
US Federal Highway Administration and most US Departments of
Transportation; regional, provincial or municipal governments in
Argentina, Mexico and the Philippines; the American Society of Civil
Engineers, Deep Foundations Institute and Pile Driving Contractors
Association.
Please contact Pile Dynamics for information on compliance with
standards from other countries.
Selected PDA-8G Features: 320 X 250 X 68 mm, 5 kg, replaceable
battery, external 12V battery connection, battery indicator, Microsoft
Windows® 7 Operating System, Ethernet port, 4 USB ports. For complete
current specifications visit www.pile.com/specifications.
30725 Aurora Road
Cleveland, OH 44139 USA
Software: PDA systems include licenses of CAPWAP ®,
GRLWEAP and of the PDA software suite. The PDA software
suite includes PDA-S with iCAP®, PDIPLOT2 and PDI-Curves.
CAPWAP uses force and velocity records measured by the PDA sensors
to, by signal matching, determine resistance distribution and dynamic
soil response and simulate a static load test. Hundreds of comparisons
demonstrate the very good correlation of CAPWAP analysis with static
load testing results. CAPWAP analysis of PDA data is the standard of
practice for Dynamic Load Testing.
GRLWEAP is a wave equation analysis program that simulates pile
driving. It can be used to evaluate driving stresses and select a hammer
for efficient installation or to evaluate the suitability of a drop weight
system for the Dynamic Load Test of a drilled shaft.
PDA Software Suite
• PDA-S offers a more intuitive interface than former PDA programs,
and runs both in the PDA-8G and in an office computer during post
processing, offering touchscreen as well as desktop functionality and
simplifying the software learning process. In addition to soil resistance
at the time of the test, PDA-S outputs a vast array of other variables,
customized by the user for each application. PDA-S also issues warnings
and alerts during data input and acquisition. It outputs fully customized
graphs, with up to three graphs appearing on the screen in real time.
• iCAP calculates capacity at the time of testing through a signal
matching procedure performed during Pile Driving Monitoring. Because
it is based on CAPWAP logic, it is a step beyond capacity determined
by the Case Method. With no user interaction, iCAP extracts the soil
behavior from dynamic measurements, computes capacity at the time
of test, and produces a simulated static load test graph in real time.
The PDA-8G offers one touch iCAP results in the field.
• PDIPLOT2 generates tables and plots of any PDA quantity PDA
versus blow number, length, elevation or any other quantity. It
provides the statistical summary output required by ASTM D4945
and is fully customizable.
• PDI-CURVES combines plots of Force-Velocity versus time (required
by ASTM D4945), and of other quantities from multiple PDA-S files
in one single document.
PDA-S software
Printed on recycled paper.
© 2014, Pile Dynamics, Inc.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
+1-216-831-6131 info@pile.com www.pile.com
ru

APPENDIX B

TECHNICAL PAPERS
t'l.HUSSEIN.Managcr.GoblcRauschcLikinlanrJAssocialcs,Inc..orlando.FloridaUSA

F.RAUSCHE..Prcsidcnt.GoblcRauschcUkinsaodAssociatg'Inc..ocvcland.ohioUSA
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Figure 2: Static Loarl Tcst Rcsutts an<l Intcrprctation' Figurc 4: Static L,oad Tcst Rcsults irnd Intcrprctation'
Casc 4'2

rimc. t.. harl bcen chosen at thc timc o[ maxirnum pilc top vclocity'
Usina i'damoinq factor i. = 0J5, as rccommcndcd for silty.cloy in the
PDAhanuai. rh-c compuicd sratic capacity lvas 423 kips' Thc pilc was
also sratically load tcstcd on thc samc day of thc rcstrike Tcst rcsults
of pilc top ioad-movcmcnt arc includcd in Figurc 2 along with thc
Davisson! failurc critcria for dctcrmining ultimate capacity, which is
shorvn to bc 410 kips.
4.2 I2-inch Steel II Pilc in lYcat!rcrcd Rock, Casc Method Prcdiction
A stcel H-pilc having a length of 76 ft and an arca o[ 15.6 in2 was
drivcn to a rcsistancc of 8 BPI anrl a dcpth o( 72 ft with an ICE 640
closcd cnrl dicscl hammcr (ram wcight 6-0 kips, ratcd cncrgy a0.6 kip'
fr). Thc pilc was rcstruck a fcw days latcr cncountcring a rcsistancc-
oi tC gpt. Thc soil condition can bc dcrcribctl as a laycr of
misccllancous fill, Ioosc to firm alluvial silts and rcsidual soil
ovcrlaying partially wcathcred roct<. Dynatnic mcasurcmenls wcrc
pcrformcrl during pile installation and rcstrikc- Casc Mcthod com-
putcrt capacity aitirc end of driving was 392 kips lnd during rcstrike
ivas 515 kips (Figurc 3 again contains a complctc cxamplcwith t1, at
thc timc oi maxinrunlpile toP vclocily and ic=0'4)' A static load tcst
rvas pcrformcd on this Pilc and indicatcd a failurc load of 390 kips'
rvcll-below inlicipatcd. Allcr rcvicwing thc tcsting proccdurc, it u'as
founrl that thc toading systcm in<ticator'was malfunclioning aod the
rtlrtic loid tcst was rcdonc. Thc pilc top load vs movcmcnt curvc is
shown in Figurc 4. It indicatcd an ultimatc pilc capacityof 480 kips.
5EO- O XrP!;
ts. ot rt /:;
1.3 l4-inch Oclagonal Preslrcssctl Cot crel. Pile, Siltl Saad over
Calcarcous Sand - C4PIYAP Prediction
A prestresscd concrctc pilc with a lcngth of 79 ft and an area of 477
inz was drivca with a Vulcan 520 single acting air hammcr (20 kip ram
wcight. 5 [t maximum strokc, 100 kip-ft ratcd cncrgy. using only a 3
[tstroke) to a dcpth of 78 ft and a blorvcountof 3 BPI. Thc pilcwas
rcstruck with thc samc hanrmcr (but with a 5 (t strokc) and
cacountcrcd a rcsistancc of 2 BPI. Thc subsurfacc conditions can bc
dcscribcd as a 44 ft laycr of silty sand undcr which a two foot thick
limcstonc cap cxistcd ovcr a dccp laycr of mcdium to vcry dcnsc
coarsc calcarcous sand. Thc pilc was moni(r:rcrl dynamically during
thc rcstrikc. Analysis pc;formcd according (o tlrc CAPWAP method
was pcrformcd on dnta during thc rcatrike tcst. Rcsults from a
CAPWAPC includc (scc Figure 5): measurcd pilc top forcc and
velocity records (uppcr right), comparisons of mcasurcd and computcd
lorces (uppcr lcft), bolh soil rcsistancc distribution and pilc forces
along thc shaft at ultimatc capacity (lowcr right) and a stalically
calculatcd load-sct curvc bascd on CAPWAP's prcdictcd rcsistancc
and quakc values (lowcr lc[t). Furthcrmorc. for cach pilc scgmcnt,
ultimatc static soil rcsistancc, (unit friction anrl unit cnd bcaring
valucs), soil quakc and damping factors arc tabulatcd.
fie rcsults indicate a CAPWAP computcd ultimatc pilc capacity of
550 kips. Figurc 6 prescnts rcsults of a static load lcst pcrformcd on
thc samc pilc (indicating nn ultinratc capacity of 512 kips), along with
thc CAPWAP simulatcd pilc top load-movcmcnt plot.

Z (veloclcy)
'l-

F(r,) = 420 kiPs F(t:) = 415 kiPs [-1,,,.

zv(r;)
' = 327 kips Zv(tr; = 0 kips-
F. = [F(tr) + F(1, + Zv(rr) ' Zv(tz)1z i . tx.a rt..
= [12O + 4t5 + 321 - Oln = 581 kips
s -R-jr[r(,r) tZ,(t1) Rl
m. . tn.l tt.a
= 581 - 0.4 t42o + 327'581) = 515 1;nt
i - .rald
F. .ds
Figurc 3: Crc Mcttrod Compulation. C:sc 4'2
Figurc 5: CAPWA P Analysis Rcsuits. Casc 4.J
M. HUSSEIN . Mrnagcr. Goblc Rauschc Likinr and Arsocialcs, Inc., Orlando. Florida USA

F. RAUSCHE. Prcsidcnt. Goblc Rauschc Likinr and fusociatcsr loc., Clorcland, Ohio USA

600 Loeo (rier)

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I t-igure 8: Static Load Tcst and CAPWAP Simulation, Case 4.4

(capacity dcfinition according to clicnt's spccification)
I

o::::-:
plle ooverenE' lnch
Figurc 6: Staric Load Tcst and CApWAp
Simularcd Load-Movcmcnt, Casc 4.3
4.4 30-inch Squarc Concrzlc Pile in Sandy Ctay, OlPllAP Exaaflc
A 30-inch squarc prcstrcsscd concrctc pilc with an l&inch circular
void (cfiectivc arca = 645J int) and a lcngrh of 109 ft uras drivcn to
a dcpth o( I04 ft and a rcsistancc of 3J BPI with a Conmaco 30085
single acting hammcr (300 kip ram wcight,5 ft srrokc, 150 kip-tt rarcd
cncrgy). The soil it this sitc consistcd o[ loosc sand ovcrlaying sandy
clay. End of drivc dynamically compured srn(ic pilc capacity was 580
kips. Two wecks a(ter instatlnlion. thc pilc ,rvas subjcctcd to a stalic
load tcsi. A fcw days aftcr lhat. dynamic mcasurcmcnB wcrc obtaincd
on thc pilc during a rcstrikc. Rcsults of a CAPWAP analpis
pcrformcd wirh data takcn during thc rcstrikc arc prcscntcd in Figurc
7. and indicatc a computcd pilc staric capaciry of88l kips. Static load
tcsting indica(cd a pilc ultimatc srnric clpaci(y of 850 kips according
to thc clicnt's load tcst intcrprcration. .Actual and simulatcd pilc top
Ioad-movcmcnl curvcs arc prcscntcd in Figure &
4.5 70-loot Timber Pilc ia Sandy Clay
A70 ft long timher pilc (t7-inch and 8.5-inclr diamctcrs ar thc top anrl
toe, rcspcctivcly) was drivcn with a Vulcan 06 singlc acling air
lramnrcr (65 kip ram wcight,3 ft stroke, 19.5 kip-ft encrgy) through
sandy clay to a dcpth of.66 ft and a rcsistancc of 0.5 BPl. Thc pilc
u,?s instrumcnted and rcstruck onc wcck latcr and thcn rcachcd a
driving rcsistancc of 3 BPI- CAPWAP analyscs pcrformcd on data
from thc sccond blow of rcstrikc computcd an ullimalc pilc static
capacity of 123 kips. A static load test indicatcd a pilc ultimatc pilc
capacity o( 129 kips.
1.6 2l-indt Squorc Concrelc Pile in Limcrock
A 24-inch squarc (arca = 5?6 in2) 3l ft long prcslrcsscd concrctc pilc
was drivcn with a Dclmag D46-02 opn end dicscl hammcr (10.1 kip
ram wcight, 10.6 [t ratcd strokc. 107 kip-ft ratcrl cncrs/) to a
penctration of 28 ft and a blow count o( 5 BPl. Subsurfacc conditions
gcncrally consistcd of uppcr laycrs ol dcnsc sand ovcr so(t limcrock.
Dynamic mcasurcmcnts and analyscs pcrformcd (or thc cnd of driving
computcd a pilc capacity of 450 kips. A static load tct pcrformed on
this pilc indic:rtcd an ultimatc static capacity of 450 kips. Dynamic
data obtiincd during pile restrikc aflcr the static load tcst computcd
a pilc capacity of 443 kips.

l.Z Il-inch II-Pile in Cooper ltari

An ll-pilc (tlP tax73. arca = 2t-4 in2; *irh a lcngth of 90 ft was

drivcn with a Vulcan 320 singlc acting air hammcr (20 kips ram
wcighr, 3 ft strokc, 60 kip.ft ratctl cncrgy) to a dcpth of 87 ft and a
rcsislance of 0.8 BPI. T'hc soil conditions indicatcd a soft ovctburdcn
of 25 tt thickn..s ovcr a thick srratt of calcarcolrs clay which is
rcfcrrcd to as Coopcr Mnrl. A scrics o( four stalic toad tcsts wcrc
pcrformcd on this pilc aftcr l. 14. 26. and 33 days from initial
instrlletion with eorrepooding ia.JieatcrJ ultimetc <tetie eeprcirics of
520, 6.40. 540. and 600 kips. respcctivcly. Thc pilc wa3 thcn subjcctcd
to a relrikc with thc samc driving hammcr and was dynamically
inttrumcntcd. A dynamic analpis pcrformcd on this rcstrikc dara
compulcd a pilc ultimatc st:rtic capaciry of 586 tipr.
Figurc ?: CnPWAP Analysis Rcsulu, Crsc 4.4
 Likins aod Associarcs' lnc" Orlando' Florid: USA
Nl. HUSSEIN - Managcr. Goblc Rauschc
Rauschc Ukins and Associatcs. Inc. Clcrrcland' ohio USA q
t,. RAUSCHE . Prcsidcnt, coblc

vith Slcc! Slinger in Calcareous Saad M.r",]r"r"ntr - Final Rcport'. (1975) Dcpt' of Civil
4.8 24-inch Squarc Concr?lc Pilc 'Enginccring. Casc Wcslcrn Rcscrvc Univcrsity, -Clcvcland'
concrctc pilc Ohio.
A r,4 ft lonq.24'inch squ:rrc (rrca = 576 in2; prcstrcsscd
u,i I'i.zi it long tt""l H-pilc addcd to thc Pil€ at it3 bo(tom
hammcr (20 4. Goble, G.G. and Rauschc, F.,'Wave Equation Analysis of Pilc
;;i;r;r;;;t Jri,cti*irh a Conmaco 520 single acting air to Driving - WEAP Program' (1976), Vol. I '4' FHWA. IP'76'
i,;'il *.igi,. s ft stroke. 100 kip'ft ratc-d cnergt) a driving 13.l - IP-76-14.4.
."";riin"" of-?2 blols pcr foot at a dcPth of 62 ft' Soil conditions
:and to a dcpth.ot 45 ft undcr which mcdium
.""iir,ia o( silry claycy
5. Husscin. M. ct al. 'Wavc Equation Analpis of Pilc Driving:
;;;:, i;;i" .Jo.", "ol*t"ous sand *ith somc ccmcnte(ion cristcd'
Methodology and Pcrformancc', (1988). Sirth National
;;1;k ocrformcd on data from a rcstrike blow comp.utcd.aa pilc ConfcrencJon Microcomputcrs in Civil Enginccring. A.5'C.E'
ri",iJlirli"g."pacity of I 126 kips' Static load tcsting indicatcd pilc
pp 80-85.
ultimatc capacitY of I 100 kiPs.
6. Rauschc, F. ct al. 'Dynamic Dctcrmination of Pilc Capacity'
1.9 2}-inch Diamelcr Drilled Shalt in Send ovct Li'neslone (1985), Journal o[ Gcotechnical Engincering, A.S-C.E

A 45 tr long rlrillcd shatt with a diamctcr of 28 inchcs to a dcpth of 20 7. Smi(h, A.EL..'Pilc Driving Analysis by thc Wavc Equation'
[t and a 2i inch diamctcr for thc remaining 25 [t was tested both (t960). Journal of Soil Mcchanics and Foundrtions' ,A.S'C'E"
,Jvnamically and slatically. A specially constructcd 20 kip wcight-was
pp 36-61.
,i"a ,o i.i*, thc pilc rop for ihc dynamic te't' Du-ring thc tcst'- four
bio*s *"rc applicri with icspcctive drop hcights of l'5, 5'5' and lu'o 8. Tcrzaghi. K.'Thcoretical Soil Mcch:rnics', (1943) John Wilcy
nf O.S n. In iirc ficl<1. the PDA intcrprctcd mcasurcd dynamic data and Sons. Ncw York, p 510.
according to thc Casc Mctho<t and computcd pilc- static capacity and
.tr"r, rnii*. for cach blow. Thc dynamic data from cach blow was 9. Wcllington, A.M.,'Pilcs and Pilc Driving', (1893). Enginecring
also analyzcd with thc CAPWAP program. Pile, capacities comPutcd
Ncun Publishing Co.. New York.
by thc Cisc lt{cthod ranger.l bctwccn 564 an<I 680 kips with an avctage
ui $S fipt. Accordiig to thc CAPWAP analysis, thc predictcd
capacirics rangcd bctwcin 610 antt 656 kips with an average of 644
APPENDIX
kiis. Thc statlc load tcst pcrformcd on this pile indicatcd ar ultimatc
stirtic pilc apacitY of 600 kiPs.
Conversion Factors
4.10 36-inclt Diamctcr Drillcd Shafi in Ycry dcttsc Sand
To Convert Multinlv Bv
Anothcr drillctt sha(t 36 inchcs in diamctcr.30 ft longwas installcd in
vcry <lcnsc. dry lo slighrly moist sand. Dynamic mcasurcmcnts wcrc
obtninea ncai thc piic top undcr thc impact of a 19.5 kip wcight fr m 0.-305
Ialling l0 ft. Dyoimic analysis of thc data computcd a pilc^static
o( 1555 kips (l 187 kips in skin friction a.1d .3(tr kips in end in cm L54
""po.'ity
Ucarinil. A static'load tcst pcrformcd on lhc pilc indicatcd a pilc in2 cm2 6.45
ultimatc capacity of l?00 kips.
kip KN 4.45
5. CONCLUSION
kip-tt kJ l.-i6
Carcfully exccutcd stalic load tcsts arc thc most rcliablc mcans of blows pcr inch blosrs pcr m 39.4
bcrring iapacity vcrification for dccp foundations. I{owcvcr' thcy
havc timc and cost lirnitationr which scvcrcly limit thcir Practical
application in many cascs. Dynamic tcsting provides a viablc
aitctnativc that also furnishcs additional information rcgarding
pcrformancc of thc total hammcr'pilc'soil systcm. This typc of tcsting-
is cqually applicablc to drivcn as wctt as cast in-silu pilcs. All typcs of
pilc-matiriils lcnd thcmsclvcs to thcsc tcsts and good corrclation can-
bc cxpcctcd in most soil typcs if rcsrrikcs arc pcrformcd and pilc scts
arc sufficicntly hrge to activatc lhc full soil rcsistancc- Thc tcn casc
historics prcscntcri in this papcr show.a close corrclation o[ pile
capaci(y calculatcd from static and dynamic tcsls.

ITETERENCES

l. R.D. and Feltcnius, 8.H.. 'Static or Dynamic Tcst '

E<icJc,
' Which to Trusl?', (1990), Ccotcchnical Ncws. Vol- 8' p.28'
Vlncouvcr, BC

2. Fcllcniu:. B.ll..'Thc Analy:is of Rcsults from Routinc Pilc

Load Tsts'. (1980) Ground Enginccring

3. Coblc, G.G. ct al, 'Bcaring Crpacity of Pilcs from Dynamic