Plate Load Test Report for Stone Columns at 220 KV Substation

NEPAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY
Transmission Directorate
Koshi Corridor 220 KV Transmission Line Project
A REPORT
ON
PLATE LOAD TEST
FOR
CONSTRUCTION OF STONE COLUMN
AT
220 KV SUB-STATION AT INARUWA, SUNSARI
(IFB No: KOSHI/NEA/KC-2)
CONSULTANT
WAPCOS LTD. in Association with TMS Pvt. Ltd.
CONTRACTOR
M/S Larsen & Toubro Limited
PREPARED FOR
Imperial Construction (P.) Ltd.
Balkumari, Lalitpur
PREPARED BY
PLANET TEST (P.) LTD.
KMC-31, Shantingar, Kathmandu
Telephone: 977-1- 4107665
E-mail: planettest2074@gmail.com
Report on Plate Load Test for Construction of Stone Column
At 220 KV SUB-STATION AT INARUWA, SUNSARI
Table of Contents
1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................................... 1
2. DESCRIPTION OF SITE .................................................................................................................................................................. 1
3. OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 1
4. PLATE LOAD TEST ........................................................................................................................................................................... 1
5. FIELD WORK PROCEDURE .......................................................................................................................................................... 2
6. ANALYSIS AND RESULTS OF PLATE LOAD TEST ............................................................................................................. 2
7. LIMITATIONS AND UNIFORMITY OF CONDITIONS ....................................................................................................... 6
ANNEXES
Annex No. Title

1 FIELD TEST DATA AND CURVES
2 FIELD TEST PHOTOGRAPHS
Page I
1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION
The suitability of the foundation depends upon the geometrical and the strength property of the soil strata. The
Plate Load test in one part of geotechnical investigation to get the ultimate load capacity of ground strata and
to determine the load settlement relationships under compression load. The plate load test has been done as per
the request by the Design and Build of Koshi Corridor 220 KV Transmission Line Project of IFB No:-
KOSHI/NEA/KC-2 through the Contractor L&T Construction to determine the bearing capacity, settlement of
Stone column area within Inaruwa Sub-station.
This report is prepared in accordance with an agreement between Imperial Construction (P.) Ltd,
Balkumari, Lalitpur and Planet Test (P.) Ltd, KMC-31, Shantinagar, Kathmandu.
2. DESCRIPTION OF SITE
The proposed load test site is located in Inaruwa, Sunsari. Inaruwa is headquater of Sunsari District located in
25 Km east of Koshi Barrage in Province-1.
3. OBJECTIVES
The plate load test is an important test of geotechnical investigation to find out the strength and compression
properties of the ground strata. This assignment of conducting plate load test is to get reliable information on:
a) The bearing capacity of stone column.
b) The pressure settlement relation of stone column.
4. PLATE LOAD TEST
The plate load test is a semi-direct method to estimate the allowable bearing pressure of soil to induce a given
amount of settlement. The IS 15284 (Part 1):2003 has been followed for the equipment setup and the test
procedure for plate load test on single column.
The loading apparatus consists of the following apparatus:
i. Bearing Plate:
Square steel plate bearing plate 2.5 cm thickness and 45 cm X 45 cm in dimension.
ii. Hydraulic Jack:
Hydraulic Jack of Capacity 100 ton (1000 KN).
iii. Settlement recording devices:
Dial gauge capable of measuring settlement of the loaded plate to an accuracy of 0.001 mm.
Planet Test (P.) Ltd, Kathmandu, 2020 Page 1

Plates, square in shape having sizes 0.45m X 0.45m dia and thickness of about 25 mm are has been used for
this test. The load on the plate is applied by hydraulic jack. The reaction of the jack load is taken by an
excavator of having load more than 1.5 times the design load. The settlement of the plate is measured by a set
of two dial gauges of sensitivity 0.01 mm placed at about 180° apart. The dial gauges are fixed to independent
supports which do not get disturbed during the test.
5. FIELD WORK PROCEDURE
The fieldwork was scheduled from September 10th 2020. At the time of investigation a team of experts and
workers with necessary equipment were mobilized to the site to conduct the plate load test.
The Plate load test at the proposed site is conducted at 3.0 m depth from the existing ground level. During the
field tests, a 100 tons hydraulic jack was used to press the soil strata below by a 45cm x 45 cm square steel
plate of thickness 25 mm. The plate was kept at the center of open excavated rectangular pit of about 2.0m
depth. Ram of Hydraulic jack was rested at the boom of 10.0 tons excavator.
A seating load of 0.5 t was applied with hydraulic jack and released after some time. The load was then
gradually increased from 0 to 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 (tons) respectively. For each increment of loading the
settlement of steel plate was recorded with the two different dial gauges till the rate of settlement is less than
0.25mm per hour.
Testing was continued until one of the following stages were reached (i) the settlement became definitely
progressive which indicated shear failure, (ii) the applied pressure was exceeded 3 times the allowable
pressure, or (iii) the total settlement exceeded 10% the width of the plate. The load was then released. The
recorded load and deformation has been attached to the annex.
6. ANALYSIS AND RESULTS OF PLATE LOAD TEST
The result obtained from the test following the applied pressure exceeds 3 times the allowable pressure. The
average of the settlements recorded by both dial gauges is taken as the settlements of the plate for each of the
load increment. A graph is plotted between applied pressure intensity versus final settlement on linear scales
and time-settlement-curve on log-log scales, as shown in Fig. to the Annex.
From the curve shows the nature of semi cohesive soil under pressure where in the ultimate failure point is
found out by crossing two tangents at a common point in such a way that tangents could be drawn to the two
distinct curvatures. The intersection of the two tangents gives the net ultimate bearing capacity of the plate.

Further, allowable safe bearing capacity is found out by dividing the ultimate load intensity by a factor of
safety, usually taken as 2.5.
For Stone Column No-106
a. Hence, (i) allowable bearing capacity = ultimate bearing capacity / factor of safety
= 350.00/2.5
= 140.00 KN/m2
b. As the rate of settlement is found minimum with respect to time, which is seen in the time-settlement
graph the permissible long-term settlement could be opted for the minimum value (15.51 mm).
c. Estimation of Modulus of Sub-grade Reaction (K-Value)
K= Ultimate Bearing Capacity/ Settlement of Plate
= 350.00/0.01551
= ‭22,566.09 KN/m3
d. Seepage water table was found around at vicinity of the foundation trench.
= 275.00/2.5
= 110.00 KN/m2
= 275.00/0.01930
= ‭14,248.70 KN/m3

= 360.00/2.5
= 144.00 KN/m2
= 360.00/0.01281
= ‭28,103.044 KN/m3
= 300.00/2.5
= 120.00 KN/m2
= 300.00/0.01585
= ‭18,927.444 KN/m3
d. Saturated conditions of ground were observed during the time of test.
= 210.00/2.5
= 84.00 KN/m2

= 210.00/0.02095
= ‭10,023.866 KN/m3
= 225.00/2.5
= 90.00 KN/m2
= 225.00/0.01892
= ‭11,892.178 KN/m3
= 250.00/2.5
= 100.00 KN/m2
= 250.00/0.01476
= ‭16,937.669 KN/m3

= 200.00/2.5
= 80.00 KN/m2
= 200.00/0.01159
= ‭17,256.255 KN/m3
= 200.00/2.5
= 80.00 KN/m2
= 200.00/0.01824
= ‭10,964.912 KN/m3
7. LIMITATIONS AND UNIFORMITY OF CONDITIONS
o The recommendations of this report pertain only to the site investigated and are based upon the
assumption that the soil conditions do not deviate from those disclosed in the investigation. If any
variations or undesirable conditions are encountered during construction, or if the proposed construction
will differ from that anticipated herein, Planet Test should be notified so that supplement recommendation
can be given.
o This report is issued with the understanding that it is the responsibility of the client, or of their
representative, to ensure that the information and recommendations contained herein are brought to the
attention of the design engineer for the project and incorporated into the plan, and the necessary steps are
taken to see that the contractor and the sub-contractor carry out such recommendations in the field.
o The findings of this report are valid as of the present date. However, changes in the conditions of a
property can occur with the passage of time, whether they are due to natural process or the works of man
on this or adjacent properties.

ANNEX-1
FIELD TEST DATA AND CURVES
PLATE LOAD TEST RESULT SHEET
Project: Koshi Corridor 220 KV Transmission Line Project Date : 10-09-2020

Client:Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA)/ Transmission Directorate Plate length : 0.45 *0.45 m
Location: 220 KV Sub-station at Inaruwa, Sunsari Area of Plate: 0.2025 m²
PLT Test No:-1
Stone Column No:106
Deformation Measurement div.

Average
Load Load Dial Dial Dial Dial Dial Dial Dial Dial Dial Dial Dial Dial Average
Dial
SN Ton KN/m² Gauge Gauge Gauge Gauge Gauge Gauge Gauge Gauge Gauge Gauge Gauge Gauge Settlement Remarks
Reading
No.1 No.2 No.1 No.2 No.1 No.2 No.1 No.2 No.1 No.2 No.1 No.2 divisions mm
1 min 1 min 2 min 2 min 4 min 4 min 8 min 8 min 16 min 16 min 30min 30 min
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
1 2 96.89 171 145 172 146 173 147 173 147 174 148 174 148 160 1.60
Dial
2 4 193.78 302 344 305 345 306 347 308 348 310 351 311 352 327 3.27
gauge
3 6 290.67 670 580 674 583 678 585 681 589 683 592 684 594 633 6.33
refixed
4 8 387.56 910 765 918 769 940 793 958 808 996 848 1012 862 882 8.82
5 10 484.44 1575 1407 1588 1421 1607 1441 1625 1461 1645 1582 1664 1600 1551 15.51
Planet Test (P.) Ltd, Kathmandu, 2020

BEARING PRESSURE, KN/m²

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00 Ultimate Bearing Capacity = 350.00 KN/m²
10.00
Safe Bearing Capacity =140.00 KN/mm2
12.00
14.00
Settlement = 15.51 mm
16.00
18.00
SETTLEMENT,mm
20.00
22.00
24.00
26.00
28.00
30.00
32.00
34.00
36.00
38.00
40.00
42.00
44.00
46.00
48.00
50.00


PLT Test No:-2
Stone Column No:71

Average
Dial
Reading
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
1 2 96.89 485 519 490 521 493 523 495 526 501 532 504 535 510 5.10
Dial
2 4 193.78 771 793 774 795 777 198 779 801 784 808 789 814 740 7.40
gauge
3 6 290.67 1060 1070 1068 1075 1074 1080 1083 1088 1089 1094 1093 1099 1081 10.81
refixed
4 8 387.56 1608 1573 1612 1576 1617 1582 1623 1589 1630 1594 1635 1601 1603 16.03
5 10 484.44 1975 1845 1982 1852 1993 1860 2001 1868 2009 1877 2014 1882 1930 19.30


0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
10.00
12.00
14.00 Settlement = 19.30 mm
16.00
18.00
SETTLEMENT, mm
20.00
22.00
24.00
26.00
28.00
30.00
32.00
34.00
36.00
38.00
40.00
42.00
44.00
46.00
48.00
50.00


PLT Test No:-3
Stone Column No:73

Average
Dial
Reading
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
1 2 96.89 310 260 310 260 312 262 314 264 315 265 316 266 288 2.88
Dial
2 4 193.78 485 323 486 324 489 327 491 329 493 330 495 331 409 4.09
gauge
3 6 290.67 562 389 565 391 567 392 569 394 571 396 572 397 480 4.80
refixed
4 8 387.56 840 724 843 728 849 732 854 737 860 742 864 747 793 7.93
5 10 484.44 1337 1173 1344 1184 1354 1195 1363 1205 1376 1220 1397 1229 1281 12.81


0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500
0.00
4.00 Safe Bearing Capacity =144.00 KN/mm2
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
SETTLEMENT,mm
20.00
22.00
24.00
26.00
28.00
30.00
32.00
34.00
36.00
38.00
40.00
42.00
44.00
46.00
48.00
50.00


PLT Test No:-4
Stone Column No:66

Average
Dial
Reading
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
1 2 96.89 21 29 23 31 27 37 33 42 38 46 41 49 35 0.35
Dial
2 4 193.78 168 179 173 180 176 181 178 183 180 186 181 186 179 1.79
gauge
3 6 290.67 253 259 255 261 258 264 260 266 262 268 263 271 262 2.62
refixed
4 8 387.56 818 828 822 832 826 837 830 847 835 849 838 852 835 8.35
5 10 484.44 1563 1576 1569 1582 1576 1589 1582 1594 1588 1602 1591 1606 1585 15.85


0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
Ultimate Bearing Capacity = 300.00 KN/m²
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
SETTLEMENT,mm
20.00
22.00
24.00
26.00
28.00
30.00
32.00
34.00
36.00
38.00
40.00
42.00
44.00
46.00
48.00
50.00


PLT Test No:-5
Stone Column No:66

Average
Dial
Reading
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
1 2 96.89 260 355 264 359 267 364 270 367 271 372 272 372 316 3.16
Dial
2 4 193.78 870 860 875 864 879 866 881 869 883 871 885 872 873 8.73
gauge
3 6 290.67 1300 1208 1305 1213 1309 1216 1314 1220 1317 1223 1319 1225 1264 12.64
refixed
4 8 387.56 1630 1544 1636 1551 1642 1556 1648 1562 1652 1566 1654 1569 1601 16.01
5 10 484.44 2133 2024 2138 2030 2144 2036 2152 2043 2160 2051 2169 2055 2095 20.95


0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
16.00
SETTLEMENT,mm
20.00
22.00
24.00
26.00
28.00
30.00
32.00
34.00
36.00
38.00
40.00
42.00
44.00
46.00
48.00
50.00


PLT Test No:-6
Stone Column No:59

Average
Dial
Reading
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
1 2 96.89 0.32 0.30 0.36 0.34 0.44 0.47 0.48 0.51 0.52 0.55 0.57 0.60 0 0.00
Dial
2 4 193.78 149 140 153 145 158 151 168 162 180 176 187 186 163 1.63
gauge
3 6 290.67 710 675 712 676 718 682 723 687 730 695 734 700 704 7.04
refixed
4 8 387.56 1523 1504 1530 1513 1539 1522 1548 1532 1559 1543 1566 1549 1536 15.36
5 10 484.44 1825 1910 1831 1918 1842 1930 1850 1941 1862 1954 1873 1965 1892 18.92


0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
16.00
SETTLEMENT,mm
20.00
22.00
24.00
26.00
28.00
30.00
32.00
34.00
36.00
38.00
40.00
42.00
44.00
46.00
48.00
50.00


PLT Test No:-7
Stone Column No:38

Average
Dial
Reading
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
1 2 96.89 18 15 20 17 22 19 25 23 27 26 28 28 22 0.22
Dial
2 4 193.78 146 175 149 179 154 184 159 188 168 195 171 198 172 1.72
gauge
3 6 290.67 386 405 389 409 390 410 392 411 395 413 395 414 401 4.01
refixed
4 8 387.56 868 933 872 937 876 940 879 943 884 946 887 948 909 9.09
5 10 484.44 1400 1517 1408 1525 1414 1532 1420 1537 1427 1547 1432 1554 1476 14.76


0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
SETTLEMENT,mm
20.00
22.00
24.00
26.00
28.00
30.00
32.00
34.00
36.00
38.00
40.00
42.00
44.00
46.00
48.00
50.00


PLT Test No:-8
Stone Column No:84

Average
Dial
Reading
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
1 2 96.89 9 6 10 14 12 16 15 18 17 19 19 22 15 0.15
Dial
2 4 193.78 122 225 127 127 128 128 130 130 132 131 134 133 137 1.37
gauge
3 6 290.67 408 426 410 428 412 430 415 433 419 437 423 441 424 4.24
refixed
4 8 387.56 810 820 814 825 820 829 824 833 829 838 834 842 827 8.27
5 10 484.44 1122 1170 1128 1177 1133 1181 1137 1185 1141 1189 1146 1194 1159 11.59


0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
SETTLEMENT,mm
20.00
22.00
24.00
26.00
28.00
30.00
32.00
34.00
36.00
38.00
40.00
42.00
44.00
46.00
48.00
50.00


PLT Test No:-9
Stone Column No:18

Average
Dial
Reading
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
1 2 96.89 175 101 178 104 180 106 182 107 183 109 184 110 143 1.43
2 4 193.78 380 305 383 307 385 308 388 311 390 314 393 317 348 3.48 Dial
3 6 290.67 824 620 826 622 827 624 630 629 634 635 637 638 679 6.79 gauge
4 8 387.56 1105 1052 1108 1056 1111 1060 1115 1066 1123 1072 1129 1076 1089 10.89 refixed
5 10 484.44 1409 1521 1413 1525 1417 1530 1423 1537 1428 1544 1435 1551 1478 14.78
6 12 581.33 1822 1915 1128 1924 1832 1928 1837 1933 1841 1937 1844 1942 1824 18.24


0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
SETTLEMENT,mm
20.00
22.00
24.00
26.00
28.00
30.00
32.00
34.00
36.00
38.00
40.00
42.00
44.00
46.00
48.00
50.00

ANNES-2
FIELD TEST PHOTOGRAPHS

Plate Load Test Report for Stone Columns at 220 KV Substation

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NEPAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY

Annex No. Title

a) The bearing capacity of stone column.

b) The pressure settlement relation of stone column.

4. PLATE LOAD TEST

The loading apparatus consists of the following apparatus:

Square steel plate bearing plate 2.5 cm thickness and 45 cm X 45 cm in dimension.

ii. Hydraulic Jack:

Hydraulic Jack of Capacity 100 ton (1000 KN).

iii. Settlement recording devices:

Planet Test (P.) Ltd, Kathmandu, 2020 Page 1

5. FIELD WORK PROCEDURE

6. ANALYSIS AND RESULTS OF PLATE LOAD TEST

Planet Test (P.) Ltd, Kathmandu, 2020 Page 2

For Stone Column No-106

c. Estimation of Modulus of Sub-grade Reaction (K-Value)

K= Ultimate Bearing Capacity/ Settlement of Plate

For Stone Column No-71

c. Estimation of Modulus of Sub-grade Reaction (K-Value)

K= Ultimate Bearing Capacity/ Settlement of Plate

Planet Test (P.) Ltd, Kathmandu, 2020 Page 3

For Stone Column No-73

c. Estimation of Modulus of Sub-grade Reaction (K-Value)

K= Ultimate Bearing Capacity/ Settlement of Plate

For Stone Column No-66

c. Estimation of Modulus of Sub-grade Reaction (K-Value)

K= Ultimate Bearing Capacity/ Settlement of Plate

d. Saturated conditions of ground were observed during the time of test.

For Stone Column No-68

Planet Test (P.) Ltd, Kathmandu, 2020 Page 4

c. Estimation of Modulus of Sub-grade Reaction (K-Value)

K= Ultimate Bearing Capacity/ Settlement of Plate

For Stone Column No-59

c. Estimation of Modulus of Sub-grade Reaction (K-Value)

K= Ultimate Bearing Capacity/ Settlement of Plate

For Stone Column No-38

c. Estimation of Modulus of Sub-grade Reaction (K-Value)

K= Ultimate Bearing Capacity/ Settlement of Plate

d. Saturated conditions of ground were observed during the time of test.

Planet Test (P.) Ltd, Kathmandu, 2020 Page 5

For Stone Column No-84

c. Estimation of Modulus of Sub-grade Reaction (K-Value)

K= Ultimate Bearing Capacity/ Settlement of Plate

d. Saturated conditions of ground were observed during the time of test.

For Stone Column No-18

c. Estimation of Modulus of Sub-grade Reaction (K-Value)

K= Ultimate Bearing Capacity/ Settlement of Plate

d. Saturated conditions of ground were observed during the time of test.

7. LIMITATIONS AND UNIFORMITY OF CONDITIONS

Planet Test (P.) Ltd, Kathmandu, 2020 Page 7

PLATE LOAD TEST RESULT SHEET

Project: Koshi Corridor 220 KV Transmission Line Project Date : 10-09-2020

Deformation Measurement div.

Planet Test (P.) Ltd, Kathmandu, 2020

BEARING PRESSURE, KN/m²

Planet Test (P.) Ltd, Kathmandu, 2020

PLATE LOAD TEST RESULT SHEET

Project: Koshi Corridor 220 KV Transmission Line Project Date : 11-09-2020

Deformation Measurement div.

Planet Test (P.) Ltd, Kathmandu, 2020

BEARING PRESSURE, KN/m²

Planet Test (P.) Ltd, Kathmandu, 2020

PLATE LOAD TEST RESULT SHEET