CLIENT

OSJI JV.

PROJECT

THE CONSTRUCTION OF KANCHPUR,

MEGHNA, GUMTI 2ND BRIDGES AND
REHABILITATION OF EXISTING BRIDGES
(PACKAGE NO. PW-01).

REPORT ON
PDA TEST OF KANCHPUR BRIDGE

ABUTMENT 2

CIP 1,500 mm

(OCTOBER, 2017)

Prosoil Foundation Consultant

88/B, Indira Road, Firmgate, Dhaka –1215.
e-mail: prosoil_9@hotmail.com
FAX: +88-02-8116405
TEL: +88-02-8159707, +88-01711-615-871, +88-01819-218-230
Dynamic Load Test
Dynamic Load Test for Kanchpur Bridge

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of Contents
List of Appendices

1.0 INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………… 1
2.0 HSDPT APPLICATIONS……………………………………………………………… 1
3.0 BENEFITS OF DYNAMIC PILE TESTING………………………………………….. 1-2
4.0 PRINCIPLE OF TESTING…………………………………………………………….. 2
5.0 APPARATUS………………………………………………………………………….. 2-3
6.0 TEST METHOD……………………………………………………………………….. 3-4
7.0 SITE LOCATION……………………………………………………………………... 5
8.0 RESULTS……………………………………………………………………………… 5
9.0 CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………………… 5

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix A1 BORELOG
Appendix A2 SIGNAL MATCHING AND LOAD DISPLACEMENT CURVE
Appendix A3 OUTPUT RESULTS
Appendix A4 PILE INPUT DATA
Appendix A5 FIELD BLOW #1 GRAPH
Appendix A6 SUMMARY LIST OF DESIGNED LOAD OF CIP WORKING PILE
Appendix A7 PDA TEST LOCATION

Prosoil Foundation Consultant

Dynamic Load Test
Dynamic Load Test for Kanchpur Bridge

1.0 INTRODUCTION
This report contains the results of the Dynamic Load testing performed by Prosoil
Foundation Consultant on one pile of Kanchpur Abutment-2. This monitoring project
is commissioned by OSJI-JV, is executed on 16th October, 2017. The monitoring
program on the pile comprised Pile Dynamic Load Testing and DLTWAVE signal
matching. In this report the Dynamic Load Testing are presented. The chosen pile
type for this project is the cast-in-situ pile. For this specific project one concrete pile
of with diameter 1500 mm and a length of 55.41m is used. A dropping hammer with
a weight of 20 ton is used here.

Also, as shown in Appendix-7, approximately 1.71m of 57.71m was casted

additional concrete for this test. The shaft resistance of additional 1.71m section is
not evaluated. The evaluation of the capacity of designed pile length will be
conducted in DLT analysis.

2.0 HSDPT APPLICATIONS

Dynamic pile testing has been in use in more than 40 countries and is a part of various code
specifications worldwide including ASTM 4945. The test can be used to evaluate various pile
parameters, few of those important for cast-in-place bored piles are mentioned below.

• Static capacity of the pile at the time of testing.

• Static load test curve
• Total skin friction and end bearing of the pile
• Estimate of skin friction variation along the length of the pile
• Compressive and tensile stresses developed in the pile during testing
• Net and total displacement of the pile.

In addition to above PDA is an extremely efficient tool for driven piles to decide termination
criterion, hammer, drop height, efficiency, stresses and other parameters.

3.0 BENEFITS OF DYNAMIC PILE TESTING

• Significantly faster and economical than static tests; with proper setup arrangements
can test at least 2 bored piles and even more driven piles per day.
• Very effective for large diameter bored piles with huge capacity & applicable for both
offshore & onshore piling
• Applicable to almost all kinds of piles.
• Reduces or eliminates static load testing especially in case of jetties, flyovers, bridges,
multistory buildings where space is a constraint.

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• Provides information on friction, end-bearing, hammer performance and plot
simulated load test curve for comparison with static testing.
• Reduces controversies and eliminates risk enabling a safe foundation.

4.0 PRINCIPLE OF TESTING

The basic purpose of high strain dynamic pile testing is to evaluate pile static capacity using
measurement of both force and velocity. Unless, any method uses instrumentation to measure
force (or strain) it cannot be called dynamic testing as such, since the basic requirement of the
test is to measure dynamic impact and convert it to static capacity. The method involves
attaching a minimum of two pairs of strain transducers and accelerometers on diagonally
opposite sides of the pile. These are fixed minimum 1.5 times the pile diameter below pile top
& impact generated using a hammer IHC S150. Note that it is required that High Strain
Dynamic Testing (HSDPT) confirms to ASTM D4945 or other such relevant codes.

Strains induced under the impact of a heavy falling hammer from a pre-determined height are
measured with the help of strain transducers attached to the pile, whereas accelerometers
record the accelerations generated in the pile. The Pile Driving Analyzer converts strain to
force, and acceleration records are converted to velocities. The resistance developed by the
pile is then a function of force and velocity and includes few assumed factors such as the
quake and damping parameters as inputs based on the soil type. The maximum pile top
compression is obtained by integrating the pile top velocity.
A more accurate value of these parameters is then obtained from software analysis conducted
on field data.

5.0 APPARATUS
The monitoring program comprised Dynamic Load Testing and DLTWAVE signal matching.
The chosen pile type for this project is the cast-in-situ pile. A concrete pile with dia of 1500
mm and a length of 55.41m is used. The testing aim is to reveal if the tested pile is
adequate to carry the design load. The analysis is carried out using the “signal-matching”
DLTWAVE software of Profound. A dropping hammer with a weight of 20 ton is used
here.

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6.0 TEST METHOD

Dynamic load testing (DLT) is carried out with two identical bolt-on strain and acceleration
transducers (sensor) attached to a section of pile.

On concrete pile, the sensors are connected to the pile with anchor bolts. On steel pile, the
sensors are bolted to the pile using threaded holes or welded mounting block.

The pile is then struck with a driving hammer or a separate drop weight. A hammer mass of
about 1 to 2% of the test load is generally sufficient. The generated compressive stress wave
travels down the piles and reflects from the pile toe upward. The stress waves, which are
picked up by the transducers, are processed and automatically stored in the computer for
further analysis and reporting.

The analysis is carried out using the signal matching program. Pile and soil data are modeled
and a response is calculated based on one dimensional wave equation theory. The signal
matching process utilizes an iterative method in which the results of each analysis are
compared to the actual measured pile behavior. Appropriate dynamic soil parameters are
refined until a satisfactory match is achieved. The mobilized static shaft and toe resistance of
the pile can hence be derived. The signal matching program also provides a prediction of the

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Dynamic Load Test
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static load displacement performance of the pile on the basis of the refined pile and soil
model.

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7.0 SITE LOCATION

Location of this site is A-2 of Kanchpur Bridge.
8.0 RESULTS
Graphical as well as numerical results of the test is presented in Appendix A1 to Appendix
A5.
9.0 CONCLUSION
Based on the dynamic load testing on cast-in-situ CIP 1500 mm pile (dated 16-10-
2017) following conclusion can be drawn.

Pile Top E.L. = +12.631m

Extended Top E.L. = +14.341m
So, Pile extension is = (14.341 -12.631) m =1.71 m
At this time, this Pile extension length is not buried under the existing ground level.
Therefore, the deduction of skin friction is 0 kN.
CIP pile weight of additional casting concrete = 29 kN (0.75^2 × 1.71× π × 9.81)
Total resistance = 10,301 + 1,560 + 29= 11,890 kN

In Table 1 the main findings of the Dynamic load testing results are presented
without any safety.

Table 1: Results of Dynamic Load Testing

Total Shaft Total Toe Additional Casting
Settlement*
Resistance Resistance Concrete Weight
Unit kN kN kN mm
CIP 1500
10,301 1,560 29 1.8
mm

Note: 1 Mega Newton [MN] = 101.972 ton-force

Total Static
Pile Designed
Resistance
length Load
(Jc = 0.1)
Unit m kN kN
CIP 1500
55.410 11,890 5,879
mm

*Refer to Appendix-A6

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(Engr. Md. Shamsul Islam)

B. Sc. Engg (Civil, BUET), M. Engg. (Geotech),
FIEB
Chief Executive
Prosoil Foundation Consultant
Engr. Md. Shamsul Islam
B. Sc. Engg. (Civil), M. Engg. (Geotech)
FIEB
Chief Executive
Prosoil Foundation Consultant

Prosoil Foundation Consultant Page6

2017

APPENDIX A1: BORELOG

 BH NO: 08 Northing: 2623692.275 Easting: 247035.858

A2 PROSOIL LOCATION : Kanchpur Bridge, A-2.

PROJECT : The Construction of Kanchpur, Meghna,
Gumti 2nd Bridges DEPTH OF BORING : 34.5m R. L.: 11.324 m

B. W. T : 9.38 m below
CLIENT : OSJI JV. DATE OF BORING : 09-04-2016 from E. G. L.
S SPT-N Value
SAMPLING DEPTH (m)

G
KN /
ES

DISTURBED m
IC RL

Blow/300mm Max

O
SOIL STRATA

EL
FROM TO N1=150 N2=300 N3=450 N=N2 SAMPLE SPT VALUES
Penetration

R
BO
(m) (mm) (mm) (mm) ( BLOWS / 300mm )
TH

(m) +N3

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0 0

2 2
9 Grayish Brown 10YR (5/2), medium stiff,
6.0m

2.55 3 1 3 4 7 D-1
High Plasticity Clay with Sand, CH. 7
4 UD-1
4

6 5.55 6 1 3 5 8 D-2
6 6 8

8 8
3 9.55 9 1 2 5 7 D-3
7 
9.0m

10 Brown 10YR (5/3), medium stiff to stiff, 10

High Plasticity Clay with Sand, CH.

0 11.55 12 2 4 6 10
D-4
12 12 10

14 14
-3 14.55 15 2 4 5 9 D-5
9
16 Gray 7.5YR (6/1), stiff, Low Plasticity Clay 16
3.0m

with Sand, CL.

-6 17.55 18 5 7 8 15 D-6
18 18 15
Brown 10YR (5/3), stiff, High Plasticity
3.0m

20 Clay with Sand, CH. 20

-9 20.55 21 3 6 7 13
D-7
13
RL WITH REPECT TO TOPOGRAPHY SURVEY.

22 22
3.0m

Yellow 2.5Y (8/6), very stiff, Low Plasticity

Clay with Sand, CL.
-12 23.55 24 7 11 17 28 D-8
24 24 28

26 26
-15 3 6 13 19
6.0m

Brown 10YR (5/3), very stiff to hard, High 26.55 27 D-9 19

Plasticity Clay with Sand, CH.
28 28

-18 29.55 30 13 29 21 50 D-10

30 30 50/250
31.05 31.5 18 25 25 50
3.0m

Very Dark Gray 7.5YR (3/1), very dense, D-11

Low Plasticity Silt with Sand, ML. 50
32 32
-21 32.55 33 26 33 17 50 D-12
50/213
1.5m

Gray 7.5YR (6/1), very dense, Low Plasticity

34 Silt with Sand, ML. 34.05 34.5 13 24 26 50 34
D-13
50/272
-24
36 36

38 38
-27

40 40

-30
42 42
LEGEND FOR BORELOG AND GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION (BASED ON 'ASTM CLASSIFICATION D-2487')
PLASTIC CLAY SILT PEAT/HIGHLY ORGANIC SOIL UNDISTURBED SAMPLE

MICACEOUS FINE SAND/SILT SAND SHALE DISTURBED SAMPLE

N- BLOWS DELIVERED PER FOOT BY A 140 LB HAMMER FALLING 30 INCHES

m
MAX PENETRATION= 50 BLOWS. AFTER 50 BLOWS PENETRATION DEPTH WERE MEASURED
 2017

APPENDIX A2: SIGNAL MATCHING &

LOAD DISPLACEMENT CURVES
Dynamic Load Test
Dynamic Load Test for Kanchpur Bridge

UpwardWave [MN]
4

1
Calculated
Measured

-1

-2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
Time [ms]

Upw ardWave as function of Time at level = 0.000

DLTWAVE Version 8.1.73

Energy [kNm]
40

30

20

Calculated
Measured
10

-10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
Time [ms]

Energy as function of Time at level = 0.000

DLTWAVE Version 8.1.73

Prosoil Foundation Consultant Appendix A2

Dynamic Load Test
Dynamic Load Test for Kanchpur Bridge

Force [MN]
12

10

2
Force
Zv
0

-2

-4

-6

-8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
Time [ms]

Force and Velocity times Impedance as function of Time at level = 0.000

DLTWAVE Version 8.1.73

Force [MN]
12

10

2
Force
Zv
0

-2

-4

-6

-8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
Time [ms]

Measured Force and Velocity times Impedance at level = 0.000

DLTWAVE Version 8.1.73

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Dynamic Load Test
Dynamic Load Test for Kanchpur Bridge

Force [MN]
9

2 Upw ard
Dow nw ard
1

-1

-2

-3

-4
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Time [ms]

Up- and dow nw ard travelling w ave as function of time at level = 0.000
DLTWAVE Version 8.1.73

Stress [MPa]
6

Calculated
2 Measured

-1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
Time [ms]

Stresses as function of Time at level = 0.000

DLTWAVE Version 8.1.73

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Dynamic Load Test
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Load [MN]
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
0.000

0.001

0.002

0.003

0.004

0.005

0.006

0.007

0.008
Displacement pile head [m]

(Mobilised) Static load displacement of pile head

Load [MN]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

0.10

0.11
Displacement pile head [m]

(Modelled) Static load displacement of pile head

Prosoil Foundation Consultant Appendix A2

 2017

APPENDIX A3: OUTPUT RESULTS

Dynamic Load Test
Dynamic Load Test for Kanchpur Bridge
Output Data
-----------
Total mobilised static resistance 11.861 [MN]
Static mobilised shaft resistance 10.301 [MN]
Static mobilised toe resistance 1.560 [MN]

Modelled and mobilised static resistance

Layer Depth Modelled Res. Mobilised Res.
[m] [MN] [MN]
1 0.000 0.000 0.000
2 -0.600 1.451 1.451
3 -9.717 2.155 2.155
4 -15.717 1.813 1.813
5 -21.717 0.501 0.499
6 -24.717 0.358 0.327
7 -27.717 0.353 0.290
8 -30.717 1.056 0.727
9 -35.717 1.939 1.045
10 -40.717 2.177 0.897
11 -45.717 2.126 0.661
12 -50.717 1.898 0.435
--------- ---------
Shaft 15.827 10.301 [MN]
Toe 12.398 1.560 [MN]
--------- ---------
Total 28.225 11.861 [MN]

Mobilised static resistance

Layer Depth Mobilised Res.
[m] [MN]
1 0.000 0.000
2 -0.600 1.451
3 -9.717 2.155
4 -15.717 1.813
5 -21.717 0.499
6 -24.717 0.327
7 -27.717 0.290
8 -30.717 0.727
9 -35.717 1.045
10 -40.717 0.897
11 -45.717 0.661
12 -50.717 0.435
---------
Shaft 10.301 [MN]
Toe 1.560 [MN]
---------
Total 11.861 [MN]

Prosoil Foundation Consultant Appendix A3

2017

APPENDIX A4: PILE INPUT DATA

Dynamic Load Test
Dynamic Load Test for Kanchpur Bridge
Input Data:

Table 2: Input Pile Data and Hammer Information

Pile length Pile diameter (m) Young's Modulus Density (kg/m3) Wave Velosity
(m) (MPa) (m/s)
55.410 1.5 28,000 2,400 4,000
Driving Resistance kN 7706.1
Transferred Energy kNm 31.4

Table 3: Waveform Matching Analysis Results

Table 3 : Waveform Matching Analysis Results

Layer No. Depth Soil Layer Yield Quake Quake Damping Static
Type thickness strength 1 2 (MNs/m3) resistance
(m) (Mpa) (mm) (mm) (MN)
1 Upper end 0.000 None 0.6 0.000 2.0 2.0 0.000 0.000
Lower end -0.600 0.000 2.0 2.0 0.000
2 Upper end -0.600 Clay 9.117 0.029 2.0 2.0 0.009 1.451
Lower end -9.717 0.038 2.0 2.0 0.011
3 Upper end -9.717 Clay 6 0.059 2.0 2.0 0.022 2.155
Lower end -15.717 0.093 2.0 2.0 0.023
4 Upper end -15.717 Clay 6 0.077 2.0 2.0 0.034 1.813
Lower end -21.717 0.051 2.0 2.0 0.036
5 Upper end -21.717 Clay 3 0.038 2.0 2.0 0.072 0.499
Lower end -24.717 0.033 2.0 2.0 0.068
6 Upper end -24.717 Clay 3 0.021 2.0 2.0 0.049 0.327
Lower end -27.717 0.030 2.0 2.0 0.041
7 Upper end -27.717 Clay 3 0.030 2.0 2.0 0.093 0.290
Lower end -30.717 0.020 2.0 2.0 0.080
8 Upper end -30.717 Silt 5 0.038 2.0 2.0 0.031 0.727
Lower end -35.717 0.051 2.0 2.0 0.027
9 Upper end -35.717 Silt 5 0.082 2.0 2.0 0.024 1.045
Lower end -40.717 0.083 2.0 2.0 0.023
10 Upper end -40.717 Silt 5 0.093 2.0 2.0 0.027 0.897
Lower end -45.717 0.092 2.0 2.0 0.030
11 Upper end -45.717 Silt 5 0.091 2.0 2.0 0.037 0.661
Lower end -50.717 0.090 2.0 2.0 0.038
12 Upper end -50.717 Silt 4.793 0.086 2.0 2.0 0.039 0.435
Lower end -55.510 0.086 2.0 2.0 0.039

Prosoil Foundation Consultant Appendix A4

Dynamic Load Test
Dynamic Load Test for Kanchpur Bridge
Surface total 10.301

Tip End -50.717 Silt 4.793 7.016 3.0 3.0 0.151 1.560

Total 11.861

Prosoil Foundation Consultant Appendix A4

 2017

APPENDIX A5: FIELD BLOW #1 GRAPH

Dynamic Load Test
Dynamic Load Test for Kanchpur Bridge

Prosoil Foundation Consultant Appendix A5

Dynamic Load Test
Dynamic Load Test for Kanchpur Bridge

Pile Driving Analysis

Force and Velocityx Impedance ( BlowNumber: 1 )
Force Velocity x Impedance
10

4
Force[MN]

-2

-4

-6

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240

Time [ms]
PDA-DLT8.1.18

Pile Driving Analysis

Upward and Downward force wave as function of time ( BlowNumber: 1 )
Upward Force Downward Force
9
8
7
6
5
4
Force[MN]

3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240

Time [ms]
PDA-DLT8.1.18

Prosoil Foundation Consultant Appendix A5

2017

APPENDIX A6: SUMMARY LIST OF

DESIGNED LOAD
2017

APPENDIX A7: PDA TEST LOCATION