You are on page 1of 2



C19-2
$  P: &KRSSHG &7'60 $FKLHYLQJ  G% 61'5 DQG  G% '5 LQ D  N+] %DQGZLGWK
5DYLWHMD 7KHHUWKDP 3UDVDQWK .RRWWDOD 6XMLWK %LOOD DQG 6KDQWKL 3DYDQ
,QGLDQ ,QVWLWXWH RI 7HFKQRORJ\ 0DGUDV ,QGLD

$EVWUDFW²:H SUHVHQW D &7ΔΣ0 ZKLFK XVHV D YLUWXDO 7KH FRPSHQVDWLQJ ),5 '$& ZLWK WUDQVIHU IXQFWLRQ Fc (z)
JURXQGVZLWFKHG UHVLVWRU '$& WR DFKLHYH ORZ GLVWRUWLRQ E\ UH IHHGLQJ LQWR I1 FRPSHQVDWHV IRU WKH GHOD\ LQWURGXFHG E\ WKH
GXFLQJ WKH HIIHFWV RI LQWHUV\PERO LQWHUIHUHQFH ,6,  DQG SDUDVLWLF PDLQ ),5 '$& '$& PLVPDWFK LV DGGUHVVHG E\ XVLQJ GDWD
UHVLVWDQFH LQ WKH UHIHUHQFH SDWK 1/f QRLVH LV UHGXFHG E\ FKRSSLQJ
WKH ILUVW VWDJH RI WKH LQSXW 27$ &KRSSLQJ DUWLIDFWV DQG FORFN ZHLJKWHG DYHUDJLQJ
MLWWHU VHQVLWLYLW\ DUH UHGXFHG E\ XVLQJ D VWDJH 27$ DQG DQ
WDS ),5 IHHGEDFN '$& )DEULFDWHG LQ  QP &026 WKH SUR
WRW\SH PRGXODWRU RSHUDWHV DW  06V DQG DFKLHYHV  G%
61'5'5 LQ D  N+] EDQGZLGWK ZKLOH FRQVXPLQJ  P: 7KH
6FKUHLHU )R0 LV  G%

,QWURGXFWLRQ
6HYHUDO LQGXVWULDO DQG VFLHQWLILF DSSOLFDWLRQV QHHG KLJK
UHVROXWLRQ GDWD FRQYHUWHUV ZLWK G\QDPLF UDQJH LQ H[FHVV RI
 G% DQG D VLJQDO EDQGZLGWK JUHDWHU WKDQ  N+]>@ $
&7ΔΣ0 LV DQ DWWUDFWLYH FKRLFH WR UHDOL]H VXFK $'&V GXH WR
WKH HDVH ZLWK ZKLFK WKH\ FDQ EH GULYHQ DQG WKHLU LQKHUHQW
DQWLDOLDVLQJ 7KLV ZRUN DWWHPSWV WR UHDOL]H D &7ΔΣ0 ZLWK
 ELW UHVROXWLRQ RYHU D  N+] EDQGZLGWK LQ D  QP &026
WHFKQRORJ\ $FKLHYLQJ OLQHDULW\ LQ H[FHVV RI  G% DQG RYHU
D  N+] EDQGZLGWK LQ D QP WHFKQRORJ\ EULQJV XS PDQ\ )LJ  D 6LQJOHHQGHG HTXLYDOHQW RI WKH LQSXW LQWHJUDWRU E VWDJH
IHHGIRUZDUGFRPSHQVDWHG 27$ DUFKLWHFWXUH F 7KH UHIHUHQFHSDWK
LVVXHV ZKLFK DUH QRW SUREOHPDWLF HYHQ LQ KLJK UHVROXWLRQ DXGLR UHVLVWDQFH SUREOHP LQ D FRQYHQWLRQDO VZLWFKHGUHVLVWRU '$&
GHVLJQV :H LQWURGXFH WKH YLUWXDOJURXQGVZLWFKHG UHVLVWLYH
'$& DV D ZD\ RI DGGUHVVLQJ WKHVH FKDOOHQJHV 6XFK D '$& )LJ  D VKRZV WKH VLPSOLILHG VLQJOHHQGHG VFKHPDWLF RI
LV OHVV SURQH WR LQWHUV\PEROLQWHUIHUHQFH ,6,  DQG JUHDWO\ WKH LQSXW LQWHJUDWRU 7KH 27$ LV D WKUHHVWDJH IHHGIRUZDUG
UHOD[HV UHTXLUHPHQWV RQ WKH RXWSXW UHVLVWDQFH RI WKH UHIHUHQFH FRPSHQVDWHG VWUXFWXUH ZLWK D FKRSSHG LQSXW VWDJH DV VKRZQ
FLUFXLWU\ 7R UHGXFH 1/f QRLVH ZH XVH D FKRSSHG WKUHH LQ )LJ  E  &KRSSLQJ DOORZV gm1 WR EH LPSOHPHQWHG ZLWK
VWDJH IHHGIRUZDUGFRPSHQVDWHG 27$ LQ WKH LQSXW LQWHJUDWRU VPDOO DUHD GHYLFHV UHVXOWLQJ LQ UHGXFHG SDUDVLWLF FDSDFLWDQFH
),5 IHHGEDFN QRW RQO\ DYRLGV FKRSSLQJ DUWLIDFWV EXW DOVR DW WKH 27$¶V YLUWXDO JURXQG QRGH 7KLV LPSURYHV WKH 27$¶V
UHGXFHV WKH VHQVLWLYLW\ RI WKH PRGXODWRU WR FORFN MLWWHU 7KDQNV VSHHG DQG OLQHDULW\ $ VWDJH 27$ JUHDWO\ UHGXFHV FKRSSLQJ
WR WKHVH WHFKQLTXHV RXU &7ΔΣ0 DFKLHYHV 61'5'5 RI DUWLIDFWV ZKHQ FRPSDUHG WR D VWDJH 27$ GXH WR WKH IRO
 G% LQ D  N+] %: ZKLOH VDPSOLQJ DW  06V ORZLQJ 5HFDOO WKDW FKRSSLQJ DUWLIDFWV DUH GXH WR WKH DEUXSW
7KH PRGXODWRU FRQVXPHV  P: UHVXOWLQJ LQ D 6FKUHLHU '5 SRODULW\ UHYHUVDO RI WKH YROWDJHV DW WKH LQSXW DQG RXWSXW
)R0 RI  G% RI gm1 DW WKH FKRSSLQJ HGJH>@ $V VHHQ LQ ZDYHIRUPV RI
$UFKLWHFWXUH DQG &LUFXLW 'HVLJQ )LJ  E  WKHVH YROWDJHV vx DQG vy DUH YHU\ VPDOO LQ D WKUHH
)RU KLJK UHVROXWLRQ GHVLJQV OLNH WKLV LW LV FULWLFDO WR WDUJHW VWDJH 27$ ,Q VSLWH RI D VWDJH 27$ FKRSSLQJ DUWLIDFWV DUH
DQ 17) ZLWK D ODUJH PD[LPXP VWDEOH DPSOLWXGH 06$  )RU FRPSDUDEOH WR WKH WKHUPDO QRLVH IORRU LQ WKLV GHVLJQ GXH WR WKH
LQVWDQFH LI WKH 06$ LV LQFUHDVHG E\  WKH LQSXW DQG '$& KLJK UHVROXWLRQ WDUJHWHG 7KLV LV DGGUHVVHG E\ WKH WDS ),5
UHVLVWRUV FDQ EH LQFUHDVHG E\  WKHUHE\ UHGXFLQJ SRZHU LQ IHHGEDFN '$& ZKLFK UHVXOWV LQ FKRSSLQJ DUWLIDFWV ZHOO EHORZ
WKH LQSXW LQWHJUDWRU E\  %DVHG RQ WKHVH FRQVLGHUDWLRQV WKH QRLVH IORRU HYHQ ZKHQ XVLQJ D ORZ FKRSSLQJ IUHTXHQF\
D IRXUWKRUGHU 17) ZLWK DQ RXWRIEDQG JDLQ RI  DQG D fc = fs /16
OHYHO TXDQWL]HU ZHUH FKRVHQ 7KLV 17) DFKLHYHV DQ 06$ 7KH PDLQ IHHGEDFN '$& LV UHVLVWLYH FKRVHQ IRU ORZ
RI DERXW  G%)6 7KH LQEDQG 6415 IRU DQ RYHUVDPSOLQJ QRLVH 7KH FRQYHQWLRQDO VZLWFKHGUHVLVWRU '$& VKRZQ LQ
UDWLR 265 RI  LV ! G% )LJ  F  LV LQDSSURSULDWH LQ GHVLJQV WKDW WDUJHW DQ XOWUDORZ
QRLVH IORRU GXH WR WKH IROORZLQJ 7KH SDUDVLWLF FDSDFLWDQFH cp
DW WKH RXWSXW RI WKH Q DQG SVZLWFKHV LV ODUJH VLQFH ODUJH
GHYLFHV QHHG WR EH XVHG 7KLV FDXVHV WZR SUREOHPV ILUVW ULVH
IDOO DV\PPHWU\ GXH WR QRQWUDFNLQJ RI WKH UHVLVWDQFHV RI WKH Q
DQG S)(7V FDXVHV VLJQLILFDQW GLVWRUWLRQ GXH WR ,6, $ PRUH
VXEWOH SUREOHP LV WKDW WKH GDWDGHSHQGHQW VZLWFKLQJ FXUUHQW
WKURXJK cp  WKDW IORZV WKURXJK WKH SDUDVLWLF LQWHUFRQQHFW URXW
LQJ UHVLVWDQFH rp EHWZHHQ VUHI DQG WKH '$& FDXVHV VLJQLILFDQW
)LJ  &7ΔΣ0 DUFKLWHFWXUH WKLUGKDUPRQLF GLVWRUWLRQ ,Q RXU GHVLJQ DQ rp DV VPDOO DV D
IHZ KXQGUHG PLOOLRKPV OLPLWV +'3 WR DERXW  G%
)LJ  VKRZV WKH VLPSOLILHG PRGXODWRU DUFKLWHFWXUH ,W
7KH YLUWXDOJURXQGVZLWFKHG UHVLVWRU '$& VKRZQ LQ
LV D IRXUWKRUGHU &,))% ORRS WKDW XVHV D OHYHO TXDQWL]HU
)LJ  D  LV DQ DWWHPSW DW DGGUHVVLQJ WKH SUREOHPV ZLWK WKH
$FWLYH5& LQWHJUDWRUV DUH XVHG IRU ORZ QRLVH DQG KLJK OLQHDU
FRQYHQWLRQDO VZLWFKHG UHVLVWRU '$& 7KH VZLWFKHV DUH PRYHG
LW\ 7KH PDLQ IHHGEDFN '$& LV D UHVLVWLYH WDS ),5'$&

C226 978-4-86348-718-5 ©2019 JSAP 2019 Symposium on VLSI Circuits Digest of Technical Papers


)LJ  6LPSOLILHG VFKHPDWLF RI WKH YLUWXDOJURXQGVZLWFKHG UHVLVWRU


'$&

WR WKH 27$¶V YLUWXDO JURXQG 7KXV WKH VZLWFK SDUDVLWLFV cp1


QRZ VHH D VLJQLILFDQWO\ UHGXFHG YROWDJH VZLQJ DQG WKHLU
FXUUHQW JRHV LQWR WKH LQWHJUDWLQJ FDSDFLWRUV C UDWKHU WKDQ
WKURXJK VUHI  6LQFH WKH VZLWFK GHYLFHV DUH DOO Q)(76 SURE
OHPV ZLWK LQWHUV\PEROLQWHUIHUHQFH DUH JUHDWO\ UHGXFHG 2QH
SUREOHP ZLWK WKH YLUWXDOJURXQGVZLWFKHG '$& LV WKDW WKH
FDSDFLWRUV cp1  DQG WKH GLVWULEXWHG FDSDFLWDQFH RI WKH UHVLVWRUV
cp2  VDPSOH WKH 27$¶V YLUWXDO JURXQG ZKHQ WKHUH LV D GDWD
WUDQVLWLRQ DQG LQMHFW D FRUUHVSRQGLQJ FKDUJH LQWR WKH ORRS
ILOWHU 7KLV FDXVHV GLVWRUWLRQ 7R DGGUHVV WKLV ZH FRQQHFW D
GXPP\ '$& FHOO WR WKH YLUWXDO JURXQG DV VKRZQ LQ WKH
VKDGHG ER[ LQ )LJ  D  7KH GXPP\ '$& LV GULYHQ E\ D
VHTXHQFH Dx JLYHQ E\ Dx = D ⊕ (clk/2) DV VKRZQ LQ
)LJ  E  Dx XQGHUJRHV D WUDQVLWLRQ ZKHQ D GRHV QRW DQG
YLFH YHUVD 7KH GXPP\ PXVW EH GHVLJQHG VR DV WR LQMHFW D
FKDUJH LGHQWLFDO WR WKDW LQMHFWHG E\ WKH PDLQ '$& HOHPHQW )LJ  D ,QEDQG 36'V ZLWK GXPP\ RQ DQG RII IRU D  G%)6 LQSXW
$QDO\VLV RPLWWHG KHUH GXH WR VSDFH FRQVWUDLQWV VKRZV WKDW E (IIHFW RI FKRSSLQJ WKH FKRS IUHTXHQF\ LV fs /16 F '\QDPLF
WKLV FDQ EH GRQH E\ XVLQJ D UHVLVWRU RSHQ DW RQH HQG ZKRVH UDQJH SORW SHDN 61561'5  G%
OHQJWK LV RQHWKLUG WKDW RI WKH UHVLVWRU LQ WKH PDLQ '$&
7KDQNV WR WKH GXPP\ WKH YLUWXDO JURXQG QRGH LV HIIHFWLYHO\
VDPSOHG DW WKH FORFN UDWH fs  UHVXOWLQJ LQ D VLJQDO LQGHSHQGHQW WKHDUW DXGLR GHVLJQV OLNH >@  EXW DFKLHYHV WKLV SHUIRUPDQFH
FKDUJH LQMHFWLRQ DV D FRQVHTXHQFH GLVWRUWLRQIUHH RSHUDWLRQ RYHU D [ EDQGZLGWK
LV DFKLHYHG $ FRPPRQPRGH IHHGEDFN &0)% ORRS IRUFHV 7KLV ZRUN >@ >@ >@ >@
WKH LQSXW FRPPRQPRGH YROWDJH RI WKH 27$ WR (1/2)VUHI  &026 QRGH  QP  QP  QP  QP  QP
7KH &0)% SUHYHQWV GLVWRUWLRQ GXH WR DQ LPEDODQFHG LQSXW $UHD PP     
ZKRVH FRPPRQPRGH ZLOO PRGXODWH WKH UHVLVWDQFH RI WKH 3RZHU P:     
%: N+]     
'$& VZLWFKHV DW WKH LQSXW IUHTXHQF\  '5 G%     
0HDVXUHPHQWV 615PD[ G%     
61'5PD[ G%     
7KH &7ΔΣ0 LV IDEULFDWHG LQ D  QP SURFHVV )LJ  D &KRSSLQJ <HV 1R <HV 1R 1R
FRPSDUHV WKH LQEDQG 36' IRU D  G%)6 LQSXW ZKHQ WKH )R0 G%     
GXPP\ LV RQRII 7KDQNV WR WKH GXPP\ '$& GLVWRUWLRQ LV
UHGXFHG VLJQLILFDQWO\ )LJ  E VKRZV WKH LQEDQG VSHFWUXP IRU %:
)R0 = 61'5PD[ +  · ORJ( 3RZHU )
D  G%)6 LQSXW ZLWK FKRSSLQJ RQRII :H VHH WKDW FKRSSLQJ
HOLPLQDWHV 1/f QRLVH DQG WRQHV GXH WR ':$ DUH EHORZ
 G%)6 )LJ  F VKRZV WKH PHDVXUHG 61 ' 5 7KH SHDN 5HIHUHQFHV
61'5 LV DERXW  G% ZKLOH WKH SHDN 615 LV  G% 7KH >@ $ %DQG\RSDGK\D\ 5 $GDPV . 1JX\HQ 3 %DJLQVNL ' /DPE DQG
61'5 UHPDLQV XQFKDQJHG IRU LQSXWV DERYH  G%)6 GXH WR DQ 7 7DQVOH\ ³$  G% 615  N+] %:  P: PXOWLELW FRQWLQXRXV
WLPH ΔΣ $'&´ LQ 'LJHVW RI 7HFKQLFDO 3DSHUV 6\PSRVLXP RQ 9/6,
LQFUHDVH LQ VHFRQG KDUPRQLF GLVWRUWLRQ 7KH G\QDPLF UDQJH LV &LUFXLWV  SS ±
 G% LW LV VOLJKWO\ VPDOOHU WKDQ WKH SHDN 615 GXH WR D >@ 6 %LOOD $ 6XNXPDUDQ DQG 6 3DYDQ ³$QDO\VLV DQG GHVLJQ RI
UHGXFWLRQ RI WKH ODWWHU DW ORZ DPSOLWXGHV GXH WR WRQHV 7KH FRQWLQXRXVWLPH GHOWDVLJPD PRGXODWRUV LQFRUSRUDWLQJ FKRSSLQJ´ ,(((
-RXUQDO RI 6ROLG6WDWH &LUFXLWV YRO  QR  SS ± 
LQVHW LQ )LJ  F VKRZV WKH GLH SKRWRJUDSK 7KH DFWLYH DUHD >@ % *|QHQ ) 6HEDVWLDQR 5 4XDQ 5 YDQ 9HOGKRYHQ DQG . $ $ 0DN
LV DERXW  PP  7KH WDEOH FRPSDUHV WKH SHUIRUPDQFH RI LQZD ³$ G\QDPLF ]RRP $'& ZLWK  G% '5 IRU DXGLR DSSOLFDWLRQV´
RXU FRQYHUWHU ZLWK VRPH VWDWHRIWKHDUW ZRUNV ,W DSSHDUV WKDW ,((( -RXUQDO RI 6ROLG6WDWH &LUFXLWV YRO  QR  SS ± -XQH

WKLV ZRUN LV WKH RQO\ UHSRUWHG &7ΔΣ0 WKDW DFKLHYHV D SHDN >@ & /HH 0 + -DQJ DQG < &KDH ³$  9  μ:  G%'5 DXGLR
61'5! G% ZLWK D EDQGZLGWK JUHDWHU WKDQ  N+] 2XU FRQWLQXRXVWLPH GHOWDVLJPD PRGXODWRU´ LQ 'LJHVW RI 7HFKQLFDO 3DSHUV
GHVLJQ KDV DQ )R0 WKDW LV FRPSHWLWLYH ZLWK )R0V RI VWDWHRI 6\PSRVLXP RQ 9/6, &LUFXLWV -XQH  SS ±

2019 Symposium on VLSI Circuits Digest of Technical Papers C227

You might also like