CASE 1

PART II
Tutor 14
 High intake of
Dietary Excess sugar
products intake
processed and red

Habits &
meat

Diabetes Low intake of

fruits and
Low intake of whole
grains
There is a strong correlation between vegetables
dietary habits and the development of
diabetes.

Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects High intake of

how the body processes blood sugar
(glucose), which is the body's primary
saturated and trans
source of energy. fats
CONCLUSION
 Explanation & Correlation

Smoking & Diabetes

Smoking worsens glucose homeostasis and promotes insulin resistance.
Acute smoking enhanced insulin resistance and decreased insulin-mediated
glucose absorption. Insulin and C-peptide responses to oral glucose load were
considerably higher in smokers than non-smokers in type 2 diabetes patients.

Smoking has a detrimental impact on glucose regulation in regard to glucose

homeostasis. After adjusting for any dietary confounding, smoking was found to
be positively linked with higher HbA1c [Glycated Hemoglobin] in a population-
based prospective analysis. Smoking patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes
had higher mean HbA1cs [Glycated Hemoglobin] but lower mean BMIs than
non-smokers.

Group 2 IUP TUTORIAL GROUP

Presentation Researched 03
Based
 Factors & Correlation WHY?

INSULIN RESISTANCE
Smoking can cause insulin resistance, a condition in
which the body's cells become less sensitive to insulin, a
hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. Insulin
resistance can lead to high blood sugar levels and
eventually, type 2 diabetes.

INFLAMMATION
Smoking can cause inflammation in the body, which
can contribute to the development of insulin
resistance and other diabetes-related complications.

DAMAGE TO THE PANCREAS

Smoking can damage the cells in the pancreas that
produce insulin, which can lead to a decrease in
insulin production and an increased risk of diabetes.

INCREASED STRESS ON THE BODY

Smoking can cause stress on the body, which can
lead to an increase in blood sugar levels and a higher
04 risk of developing diabetes.
 THE PROBLEM? DESCRIPTION
We need to decipher the problem
we are facing. Then we can solve
OF THE
problems and quickly generate as PROBLEM TO
many new ideas as possible. BE DISCUSSED
 CONNECTION
BETWEEN BLOOD
PRESSURE &
DIABETES
 Diabetes causes damage by scarring
BLOOD the kidneys, which in turn leads to salt
and water retention, which in turn
PRESSURE ON A raises blood pressure. Over time,
diabetes damages the small blood
DIABETES vessels, causing the walls of the blood
vessels to stiffen and function
PATIENT improperly.

High blood pressure often happens in

people with both diabetes and
obesity. Together, these conditions
fall under an umbrella condition
called metabolic syndrome.

Blood pressure target is usually below

140/90mmHg for people with diabetes
BLOOD VESSEL KIDNEY DAMAGE NEUROPATHY
DAMAGE

Insulin is a hormone People with type 1 diabetes and Neuropathy is another

that is made in the those with uncontrolled high umbrella term that refers to
pancreas. It blood sugar are most at risk of a group of conditions that
regulates the kidney damage. are linked to damage to the
amount of glucose in
peripheral nervous system.
your blood. People Kidneys contain hundreds of If those vital connections
with diabetes either thousands of tiny nephrons between the brain and
don’t produce that filter the blood, remove body are disrupted,
waste, and maintain proper complex functions of the
enough insulin or
fluid balance. Over time, high body can malfunction or
their cells don’t
blood sugar damages blood cease altogether.
respond to insulin
vessels in the kidney and the
well.
nephrons, leading to kidney
damage.
RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH
DIABETES AND HIGH BLOOD
PRESSURE

Type 2 diabetes is caused by resistance to insulin, the

hormone your body needs to use blood sugar for energy.
Since the bodies of those with type 2 diabetes resist insulin,
sugar builds up in their blood.

The combination of high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes

can greatly increase your risk of having a heart attack or
stroke. Having type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure also
increases your chances of developing other diabetes-
related diseases, such as kidney disease and retinopathy.
CONNECTION BETWEEN
BLOOD PRESSURE &
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
The kidneys control blood pressure by
regulating fluid volume extracellular and
BLOOD
renin secretion.
PRESSURE
The renin-angiotensin aldosterone system
(RAAS) is an important endocrine system
-
in controlling blood pressure. ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM
REGULATION OF ALDOSTERONE SECRETION BY
THE RENIN–ANGIOTENSIN–ALDOSTERONE
(RAA) PATHWAY.
 DIETARY HABITS AND
EXERCISE FOR DIABETES
PATIENT
 HABITS FOR
DIABETES PATIENT
CHOOSE HEALTHIER EAT LESS SALT
CARBOHYDRATES
EAT LESS RED AND CHOOSE HEALTHIER
PROCESSED MEAT FATS
CUT DOWN ON BE SMART WITH
ADDED SUGAR SNACKS
 EXERCISE FOR
DIABETES PATIENT
1.walking :If you have a supportive pair of shoes and a safe place to walk,
you can exercise walking. In fact, you can meet your recommended
minimum target for aerobic fitness by going for a brisk 30-minute walk five
days per week.
2.cycling
3.swimming:Aquatic activities provide another joint-friendly exercise
option. For example, swimming, water aerobics, aqua jogging, and other
aquatic activities can give your heart, lungs, and muscles a workout, while
putting little stress on your joints.
4.yoga:oga can help people with type 2 diabetes manage their blood
sugar, cholesterol levels, and weight.
5.pilates:Pilates is a popular fitness program that’s designed to improve
core strength, coordination, and balance.
THANK YOU
I hope you can get helpful
knowledge from this presentation.
Good luck!