Name : Damar Kumara Sakhi

NIM : F1D322013
Study Program : Geophysical Engineering

The biggest source of cobalt outside Africa is now Indonesia

Bloomberg News | February 8, 2023 | 4:41 am Battery Metals Intelligence Asia Cobalt

Reference photo. Battery Pack for BMW-i3 Electric Vehicle. (Image by

RudolfSimon, Wikimedia Commons)

Indonesia has become the world’s second-largest cobalt producer, bolstering its bid to be a big player in the
electric-vehicle supply chain.

Production of the battery material in the Southeast Asian country surged past others including Russia and
Australia to grab the No. 2 spot last year, according to US government data. The expansion will continue this
decade, easing the world’s reliance on Democratic Republic of Congo for more than two thirds of supplies and
staving off potential shortages, analysts say.

Indonesian President Joko Widodo has spearheaded the country’s push to build battery and EV industries on the
back of the country’s rich mineral resources. It already produces about half of the world’s nickel, and its share of
global cobalt output will rise to almost 20% by 2030, from about 1% in 2021, according to Benchmark Mineral
Intelligence.
Indonesia’s expansion is “somewhat reshaping the global supply chain,” Harry Fisher and Greg Miller, analysts
at Benchmark Mineral Intelligence, said in an email. An array of projects have been “on schedule to date and are
ramping up successfully” despite initial concerns around over-runs on budget and costs.

The cobalt expansion is largely thanks to billions of dollars of investment by Chinese firms on refineries that
dish out a chemical cocktail containing cobalt as well as nickel. The biggest global nickel producer Tsingshan
Holding Group Co., cobalt refining giant Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt and the top battery manufacturer known as
CATL are among investors.

Cobalt output from the country will more than double again this year, according to Benchmark Mineral
Intelligence.

Game changer

The expansion from Indonesia has also helped soften fears of tight supplies for cobalt, which is used in diverse
applications from aerospace materials to magnets as well as batteries. Global benchmark cobalt prices have more
than halved since May last year, and are down 13% so far this year.

While softer cobalt prices have provided costs relief to manufacturers and automakers, some are already trying
to phase out cobalt from their batteries because of ethical concerns about DRC production, and after bouts of
price volatility in recent years. The surge in Indonesian supply could help assuage both concerns.

The global cobalt market will be in surplus this year and prices will remain “bogged down” in the near term as
supply expands, Susan Zou, analyst at Rystad Energy said by email.

“Every 3-4 months there is a new announcement about an upcoming project” in Indonesia, she said. “It’s a game
changer.”

(By Annie Lee and Mark Burton)

Related Article: Microsoft calls for ‘coalition’ to improve Congo’s informal cobalt mines

Tugas:

1. Read and determine words in the passage above with regards to “part of speech”.
Answer : The biggest source of cobalt outside Africa is now Indonesia
Noun :

 Indonesia has become the world’s second-largest cobalt producer.

 Indonesia’s expansion is “somewhat reshaping the global supply chain,” Harry Fisher and Greg Miller,
analysts at Benchmark Mineral Intelligence, said in an email.
 The expansion will continue this decade,
 Indonesian President Joko Widodo has spearheaded the country’s push to build battery
 The cobalt expansion is largely thanks to billions of dollars of investment by Chinese firms on refineries
that dish out a chemical cocktail containing cobalt as well as nickel.
 The biggest global nickel producer Tsingshan Holding Group Co., cobalt refining giant Zhejiang
Huayou Cobalt and the top battery manufacturer known as CATL are among investors.
 Cobalt output from the country will more than double again this year, according to Benchmark Mineral
Intelligence.
 and EV industries on the back of the country’s rich mineral resources

Pronouns :

 Indonesia has become the world’s second-largest cobalt producer.

 easing the world’s reliance on Democratic Republic of Congo for more than two thirds of supplies and
staving off potential shortages, analysts say.
 Indonesian President Joko Widodo has spearheaded the country’s push to build battery
 and EV industries on the back of the country’s rich mineral resources
 It already produces about half of the world’s nickel
 and its share of global cobalt output will rise to almost 20% by 2030, from about 1% in 2021, according
to Benchmark Mineral Intelligence.

Adjective :

 Indonesia has become the world’s second-largest cobalt producer.

 bolstering its bid to be a big player in the electric-vehicle supply chain.
 The biggest global nickel producer Tsingshan Holding Group Co., cobalt refining giant Zhejiang
Huayou Cobalt and the top battery manufacturer known as CATL are among investors.

Adverb :

 Indonesia has become the world’s second-largest cobalt producer.

 in the Southeast Asian country surged past others including Russia and Australia to grab the No. 2 spot
last year
 and EV industries on the back of the country’s rich mineral resources
 and its share of global cobalt output will rise to almost 20% by 2030, from about 1% in 2021, according
to Benchmark Mineral Intelligence.
 an aray of projects have been “on schedule to date and are ramping up successfully” despite initial
concerns around over-runs on budget and costs.
 The cobalt expansion is largely thanks to billions of dollars of investment by Chinese firms on refineries
that dish out a chemical cocktail containing cobalt as well as nickel.
 The biggest global nickel producer Tsingshan Holding Group Co., cobalt refining giant Zhejiang
Huayou Cobalt and the top battery manufacturer known as CATL are among investors.
 Cobalt output from the country will more than double again this year, according to Benchmark Mineral
Intelligence.

Verb :

 Indonesia has become the world’s second-largest cobalt producer.

 bolstering its bid to be a big player in the electric-vehicle supply chain.
  in the Southeast Asian country surged past others including Russia and Australia to grab the No. 2 spot
last year
 The expansion will continue this decade,
 Indonesian President Joko Widodo has spearheaded the country’s push to build battery
 It already produces about half of the world’s nickel
 and its share of global cobalt output will rise to almost 20% by 2030, from about 1% in 2021, according
to Benchmark Mineral Intelligence.

Preposition :

 bolstering its bid to be a big player in the electric-vehicle supply chain.

 Production of the battery material in the Southeast Asian
 and EV industries on the back of the country’s rich mineral resources
 Indonesia’s expansion is “somewhat reshaping the global supply chain,” Harry Fisher and Greg Miller,
analysts at Benchmark Mineral Intelligence, said in an email.
 an aray of projects have been “on schedule to date and are ramping up successfully” despite initial
concerns around over-runs on budget and costs.
 The cobalt expansion is largely thanks to billions of dollars of investment by Chinese firms on refineries
that dish out a chemical cocktail containing cobalt as well as nickel.

Conjunction :

 and EV industries on the back of the country’s rich mineral resources

 and its share of global cobalt output will rise to almost 20% by 2030, from about 1% in 2021, according
to Benchmark Mineral Intelligence.
 an aray of projects have been “on schedule to date and are ramping up successfully” despite initial
concerns around over-runs on budget and costs.
 The biggest global nickel producer Tsingshan Holding Group Co., cobalt refining giant Zhejiang
Huayou Cobalt and the top battery manufacturer known as CATL are among investors.
Answer : Game Changer
Noun :

 The expansion from Indonesia has also helped soften fears of tight supplies for cobalt,
 Global benchmark cobalt prices have more than halved since May last year, and are down 13% so far
this year.
 While softer cobalt prices have provided costs relief to manufacturers and automakers,
 The surge in Indonesian supply could help assuage both concerns.
 The global cobalt market will be in surplus this year and prices will remain “bogged down”
 “Every 3-4 months there is a new announcement about an upcoming project” in Indonesia, she said.
“It’s a game changer.”

Pronouns :

 “Every 3-4 months there is a new announcement about an upcoming project” in Indonesia, she said.
“It’s a game changer.”

Adjective :

 While softer cobalt prices have provided costs relief to manufacturers and automakers,

Adverb :

 The expansion from Indonesia has also helped soften fears of tight supplies for cobalt,
 which is used in diverse applications from aerospace materials to magnets as well as batteries
 Global benchmark cobalt prices have more than halved since May last year, and are down 13% so far
this year.
 While softer cobalt prices have provided costs relief to manufacturers and automakers,
 some are already trying to phase out cobalt from their batteries because of ethical concerns about DRC
production, and after bouts of price volatility in recent years.
 The surge in Indonesian supply could help assuage both concerns.
 The global cobalt market will be in surplus this year and prices will remain “bogged down”
 in the near term as supply expands, Susan Zou, analyst at Rystad Energy said by email.
 “Every 3-4 months there is a new announcement about an upcoming project” in Indonesia, she said.
“It’s a game changer.”

Verb :

 The expansion from Indonesia has also helped soften fears of tight supplies for cobalt,
 which is used in diverse applications from aerospace materials to magnets as well as batteries
 While softer cobalt prices have provided costs relief to manufacturers and automakers,
 some are already trying to phase out cobalt from their batteries because of ethical concerns about DRC
production, and after bouts of price volatility in recent years.
 The surge in Indonesian supply could help assuage both concerns.
 The global cobalt market will be in surplus this year and prices will remain “bogged down”
 “Every 3-4 months there is a new announcement about an upcoming project” in Indonesia, she said.
“It’s a game changer.”

Preposition :.

 which is used in diverse applications from aerospace materials to magnets as well as batteries
  some are already trying to phase out cobalt from their batteries because of ethical concerns about DRC
production, and after bouts of price volatility in recent years.
 The surge in Indonesian supply could help assuage both concerns.
 The global cobalt market will be in surplus this year and prices will remain “bogged down”
 in the near term as supply expands, Susan Zou, analyst at Rystad Energy said by email.
 “Every 3-4 months there is a new announcement about an upcoming project” in Indonesia, she said.
“It’s a game changer.”

Conjunction :

 Global benchmark cobalt prices have more than halved since May last year, and are down 13% so far
this year.
 While softer cobalt prices have provided costs relief to manufacturers and automakers,
 some are already trying to phase out cobalt from their batteries because of ethical concerns about DRC
production, and after bouts of price volatility in recent years.