Day 15: Peoples Movement against the Nizam’s

Rule-End of Nizam rule

 Introduction
• British Government policies
 Life-style
 Identity
 Autonomy
• Tyrannical landlordism
• Suppressive policies of Princely state rulers
• Bonded Labour
• Over exploitation
• Forest laws
 Forest Act of 1865
 Regulation on collection of Forest Produce
 Forest Act of 1878
 Prohibition -Trespass or cattle rearing
 Forest Policy of 1894
 Regulation of traditional tribal forest rights
 Land transfer Act 1917
 Banned land transfer between tribals and non-tribals
 Forest Act of 1927
 Executive powers, Legal powers, Reserved forest
Gond tribal revolts
• Autonomy
 Zamindars-Maratha and Mughals
• Role of Deshmukh and Deshpandes
• Forest Acts
• Racial abuse
• Bonded Labour- Vetti
• Shift cultivation-Podu
Revolt of Ramji Gond- (1857-1860)
• Adilabad district
 Berar State
• Berar treaty (1853)
 East India Company
• Revolt by Ramji Gond and Haji Rohilla
 Nirmal region
• Thantia Tope influence
• Gond armies
 Freed Adilabad (Nirmal-Capital)
• Nizam and British forces- Col Robert
• Military Guerilla warfare-Ramji Gond and 1000 Guerilla’s died
 Veyyi Urula Marri (Banyan tree)
Kumaram Bheem Resistance Movements (1938-1940)
• Sankepally forest area of Jodenghat
 Asifabad division of Adilabad district
• Parents- Kumaram Chinnu and Sombai
• Shifting Cultivation- Podu
 Gond, Kolam, Paradhan, Thoti and Nayakpodes
• 1917 Act
• Taxes
 Bancherai Pannu (Cattle rearing)
 Dumpa Patti (Firewood)
• Forest revenue office at Utnoor in 1918
• Paper Mill- Sirpurkagaz Nagar
• Kumaram Bheem
 Podu cultivation
• Patwari Laxman Rao
 Pattedar Siddiq Ali
 Killed
• Chandrapur
 Vithoba (Literacy)
• Arrest of Vitoba
• Bheem to Assam
 Coffee and Tea Plantation
 British atrocities
 Leader of the coolie
 Coolies Kills a Mesthri
• Return to Jodeghat
• Cultivation
• Organizing tribals against British
• Concept of Jal-Jungle-Jameen
• 12 Gond villages
• 3000 acres of land
• Negotiation by Government
 Tahasildar- Abdul Sathar
 Demand- Autonomy of tribals
 Maavenate-Maave Raj
 Negotiation failed
• Call for Nizam intervention
 Met Nizam-No result
• Guerilla army
 Arrest attempt- People revolt
• Nizam intervention
 Collector- Offer of Patta
 Autonomy demand by Bheem
 Failed
• British strategy
 Kurdu Patel
 Captain Ali Raza Branden
 Hill areas of Jodeghat
 1st September 1940 at Goddess Temple of Galgad
 Ashwayuja Pournami
 Attack- Neykappi Waterfall and Kariyar Gudam
 Police firing- Bheem died, 140 people died
 Freedom Struggle in Hyderabad State
• Early Hindu-Muslim unity
 Mulla Abdul Qayum
 Aghoranath Chatopadhyaya
 Hazi Sajjan Lal
 Muhammed Akram
 Ramanuja Mudaliar
• Organisations
 Arya Samaj
 Hyderabad State Reforms Association
 Andhra Maha Sabha
 Hyderabad State Congress
• Movements
 Swadeshi Movement
 Shuddi Movement
 Vandemataram Movement
 Khilafat Movement
 Non-cooperation Movement
 Quit-India Movement
 Join-India Movement
Formation of Indian National Congress
• 1885 AD
• Early leaders in Hyderabad
 Aghoranath Chatopadhyaya
 Mulla Abdul Qayum
• Meeting at Mahbub College
 23rd September 1889
 Support for Formation of INC
• Non-Mulki officers opposed
• Urdu Press opposed
 Mohib Hussain
 Muvalitah-e-Shafiq
Swadeshi Movement in Hyderabad
• Bala Gangadhar Tilak
• Boycott of Foreign Goods
• Marathi people support at Hyderabad
• Arya Samaj and Ganesh Utsava committees supported
• Arrest of Tilak (1908)
• Secret meetings under Vyayamashala
 Youth Influence
• Spread of Swadeshi Movement and Ganapati Utsav
• Bhajana groups and cultural religious programmes
• Government intervention
 Closing of Bhajana Mandali in Mahabubnagar
 1910 GO-restrictions
• Fakt of Rules- Organisation
 Swadeshi Food
• Library movement
• Stickers of Vandemataram and Use Swadeshi
• No ban by Nizam
 Intervention in Marketing
Khilafat Movement in Hyderabad
• Hindu Muslim Unity
 Role of Mahatma Gandhi
• Meeting at Vivekavardhini High School
 March 1920
 20000 People participated
• Meetings at Jangaon, Medak and Karimnagar
• Mullah Abdul Basid
 Red Crescent Society
 Subscription of one lakh rupees send to Turkey
• Nizam support
 People expected Nizam Support
 Title- Mohi-ul-Milat-e-Wardin
 Protector of Religion
 Guardian of Islam
 Influence of Viceroy Chelmsford
 Decision to support British
• Hindu Leaders- Pandit Keshav Rao, Vaman Naik, Raghavendra Rao Sharma
Telangana Freedom Struggle
• Non cooperation Movement suspension by Gandhi
• Indian Union Muslim League opposed
• Hindu-Muslim unity affected
• Separate linguistic identity
 Muslim intellectual groups support-Nizam
Social reform Movement of November 1921
• Vivekavardhini school, Koti
• Social reformers from Marathi, Kannada and Telugu
• Speech of Madapati Hanumanth Rao
 Marathi audience disturbed
• Speech by Alampalli Venkata Rama Rao
 Marathi youth insulted
• Need for separate meeting
Andhra Jana Sangam
• Decision- 12, November 1921
• Madapati Hanumanth Rao, Mandumula Narasing Rao, Mandumula Ramachandra Rao,
• Mitta Lakshmi Narasaiah, Tekumala Ranga Rao, Burgula Ramakrishna Rao
First Session of Andhra Jana Sangam
• February 24,1922
• Hyderabad Reddy Hostel
• Consolidate Telugu People
• Andhra Parisodhaka Sangam
 History and Culture of Telugu people
• Umbrella organisation-Andhra Jana Kendra Sangam
 First meeting-1st April 1924 at Hanumakonda
 Encourage students in Telegu
 Honoring pandits
 Historical research
 Libraries and Schools
• Nizam intervention
• Gasthi Nishan No.53
 Banned freedom of speech and freedom of organizing meetings
• Permission for library and Private schools
Andhra Maha Sabha
• First session
 March 1930
 Jogipeta of Medak
 Suravaram Pratap Reddy
 Resolutions
 Loan to farmer
 Knowledge and Guidance for agriculture
 Drinking water at Villages
 Tax exemption for Khadi and handloom industries
 Equality for Ayurveda and Unani and Hakims
 Removal of Purdah System
 Rewriting Telangana History
• Second session
 March 1931
 Devarakonda
 Burgula Ramakrishna Rao
 Resolutions
 Abolition of Untouchability (Bhagya Reddy Varma)
 Withdrawal of Gasthi 53 Ordinance
 Removal of Bonded labour, Farmer protection (depression)
• Mulki Movement (1857)
 Local reservation by Nizam (1933)
 Nizam people association in 1934
• Activities of Ithehadul Muslemeen
 Shuddi Movement blocked
 Tension between Hindus and Muslims
• Third session of Andhra Maha Sabha
 3rd December 1934
 Khammam
 Resolution
 Prohibit Animal Sacrifice
 Proper age of Marriage
 Emergence of Jamalapuram Keshava Rao and Madapati Ramchandra Rao
• Fourth Session of Andhra Maha Sabha
 Sirisilla
 December 1935
 Madapati Hanumanth Rao, Emergence of Baddam Yella Reddy
 Resolution
 Compulsory Primary Education
 Education in Mother tongue
 Local self Government
• Fifth session of Andhra Maha Sabha
 December 1936
 Shadnagar
 Konda Venkata Ranga Reddy
 Resolution
 Education
 Social evils
 Farmer problems
• Sixth Session of Andhra Maha Sabha
 1937
 Nizamabad
 Mandumula Narsinga Rao
 Resolution
 Reduction of agricultural loan burden
 Social reforms
Ittehadul Muslimeen
• 1937
• Bahadur Yar Jung, Abul Hassan, Sayeed Ali
• Mission- Oppose British Paramountcy, Superiority and establishment of independent Muslim rule
INC in 1938
• Haripura session
• 500 delegates from Hyderabad
Comrades Association in December 1939
• Kasinath Rao Vaidya
• Hindu Muslim Unity
• Seventh Session of Andhra Maha Sabha
 April 1940
 Malkapuram
 Mandumula Ramachandra Rao
 Emergence of Extremists
• Eighth Session of Andhra Maha Sabha
 June 1941
 Chilkuru
 Ravi Narayan Reddy
 Control of Communist
 Resolution
 Rejecting constitutional reforms
• Ninth Session of Andhra Maha Sabha
 Madiraju Ramakoteswar Rao
 May 1942, Dharmavaram
• Tenth Session of Andhra Maha Sabha
 May 1943, Hyderabad
 Baddam Yella Reddy (Communist) Vs Konda Venkata Ranga Reddy (Moderates)
 K V Ranga Reddy Won
 Resolution
 National Government in Hyderabad
 Communist amendment
 Favoring Muslims
 50 percent power to Ithehadul Musleemeen
 Refused the demand
• Eleventh Session of Andhra Maha Sabha
 May 1944 at Bhongir
 Domination of communist
• Twelfth Session of Andhra Maha Sabha
 April 1945 at Madikonda
 Mudiraja Ramakoteswara Rao
• Nizam Rashtra Andhra Maha Sabha
 April 1945,Khammam
 Ravi Narayan Reddy
• Thirteenth Session of Andhra Maha Sabha
 May 1946, Medak
 Jamalapuram Keshava Rao
• Nizam Rashtra Andhra Mahasabha
 May 1946, Karimnagar
 Baddam Yella Reddy
• Congress group into Hyderabad State Congress
• Communist group into Communist Party
Arya Samaj role in Freedom Movement
• 1929-Sidddiqui Deendar issue
 Incarnation of Chinna Basaveswara
 Mangaldev and Pandit Ramachandra Nehlavi
• Pandit Keshava Rao Koratkar
 President of Hyderabad Arya Samaj up to 1932
 Fought for Hindu Widow rights
• Central representative of Arya Samaj
 Mahatma Narayana Swami
• Meeting of Arya Samaj 1940
 Pandit Keshava Rao Memorial School inaugurated
• Meeting at Udgir,1942
 Hindu-Muslim clash
• Possession in Husnabad on 3rd march 1942
• Muslim firing and killed four Arya Samajist
• Arya Samaj meeting in 1943
 President-Ganapati Kasinadha Sastry
 100 schools
 Seva Dalam- 25000 workers
• Meeting at Narayanapeta in 1944
 President- Ram Sharath chandji
• Meeting at Gulberga in 1945
 Raj Narayanlal Pithi
• Meeting at Warangal, 1946
 Pandit Vinayak Rao
• Indian Independence on 15th August 1947
 3rd September 1947
 Flag Hoisting at Parakal village in Warangal
 1500 gathered
 Police firing-150 people killed
• Meeting in 1947 at Jalna
 Govind Lal Pithi
 Resolution to Join India
• Razakar Army issue
• Pandit Vinayak Rao report to Indian Government
 Vinayak Kumar, Satyanarayana Sinha and Madan Mohan
Hyderabad State Congress
• Role of Nizam
 Power to majority people
 Responsible Government
 GOI act of 1935
• Ad-hoc committee
 Burgula Rama Krishna Rao
 Demands
 Protection of fundamental rights
 Freedom of Speech
 Freedom of Press
 Freedom to form Association
 Freedom of religion
 Constitutional reform for responsible Government
 Formation of Public Service Commission
 Reservation for minorities in Assembly for 10 Years
• Satyagraha on 27th October 1938
 Dictator-Swami Ramananda Thirtha
 Protest from 24th October to 24th December
• Suspended on Advice of Mahatma Gandhi
• Ban of Hyderabad State Congress
Vandemataram Movement in 1938
• Osmania University students of B Hostel
• Separate prayer hall for Hindus and Muslims
• Notice on November 28- Banning Vandemataram
• Prayer Hall locked
• Students gathered outside
Quit India Movement in Hyderabad
• Satyagraha by Burgula Rama Krishna Rao, Kotam Lakshmi Narayana
• Flag Hoisting in October 1942
 Padmaja Naidu
 Jnana Kumari
 T Ramaswamy
• National Flag hoisted at Victory ground in Hyderabad on 8th October 1942
Azad Hind Fauj
• Suresh Chandra, Abid Hussain Saffrani, Ali Sultan
Hyderabad National Conference
• Panditji Ramachar
• Memorandum to Nizam- April 1945
• Rejected
• Pressure to lift ban on Congress
 PM Sir Akbar Hyderi met Sardar Patel in Bangalore
 Gandhiji, Nehru
• Ban was lifted on 1946
• President- Swami Ramananda Thirtha
• Resolution to adopt responsible government and Merge to Indian Union
• Telangana peasant movement started
• Razakars under Qasim Razvi
Join India Movement
• Issue of Razakars, Nizam atrocities
• Swami Ramananda Thirtha
• Separate executive councils for the three language speaking areas
• Satyagraha on 7th August 1947
• Nehru handed over Indian Flag to Swamiji and hoisted on Sultan Bazar 15th August 1947
• Swamiji arrested
• Spread to other parts of the state
• Tour of Jayaprakash Narayanan
• Karbala Maidan, 7th May 1947
• Join Indian Union
• Deport order for JP
• Major Labour leaders participated
 Mahadev Singh
 Narendra Prasad Saxena
• Agitation by Hyderabad state Congress
 Burgula Ramakrishna Rao
• Student agitation against Nizam
 Vivekavardhini and Keshava Memorial Schools students
• Student representative meeting at Vijayawada
 September, 1947
 Boycott schools and colleges
 Flag day on 2nd September 1947
• Lawyer agitation
 Ganapati Lal
 Protest Committee
 Strike on 25th February 1948
 Boycott of Courts (6th April-17th April 1948)
Stand Still Agreement
• 27th August 1947- Nizam declared Independence
• Mediation with Mount Batton
 Walter Moncton
 Chattari Nawab
 Sultan Ahmed
• Accepted Stand Still agreement on 27th October
• Qasim Razvi role
• New delegation to Delhi
 Moin Jung Nawaz
 Abdul Rahim
 Pingali Rama Reddy
• Threat to Join Pakistan
• Signed-29th November 1947
 No Pakistan Joining
 Indian currency legal tender
 Release of Prisoners
• New Prime Minister-Layaq Ali (Qasim Razvi)
• Violation of Stand Still Agreement
 PM to Pakistan, Rejected Indian Currency
 Arm Smuggling
• Mount Batten mediation
 Allen Campbell and Layaq Ali
 Failed
• India Government mediation
 K M Munshi
 Suggestion of Plebiscite
 Last Warning by India Government
 Arm Smuggling
 Qasim Razvi- Asafjahi flag on Red Fort on 8th April 1948
 Moin Nawaz Jung to UNO
 Nizam Influenced other countries
 American President
 British King, PM and Leader of Opposition
• Role of Bhagyanagar Radio
 Official Radio-Deccan Radio
Operation Polo (13-17 September 1948)
• Indian Army intervention
• Lead by Lt General Maharaj Singh
 Major General J N Choudhary from Sholapur
 Major General Rudra from Vijayawada
• 4 Day- captured Hyderabad city-J N Choudhary
• Nizam accepted Surrender
 Deccan Radio
 Layaq Ali Cabinet resigned
 17th September
• Army Surrender
 18th September
 General Eldruce
• Administration
 Governor General- J N Choudhary
 Nizam met Choudhary on 18th September 1948
 Qasim Razvi in Jail (Bolarum)
• Sardar Patel visit to Hyderabad
THANK YOU