UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA SHAH ALAM

FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCE

BACHELOR OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND SAFETY

TECHNOLOGY

CHM413 – INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

EXPERIMENT 2 : RECRYSTALLIZATION AND MELTING POINT

COURSE CODE : AS239 2B

NAME : ANIS NASUHA BINTI SHABUDIN

STUDENT ID : 2022864906

LAB PARTNER : ALYA IYAZI BINTI AFFANDI (2022660586) AS246 4B

DATE OF EXPERIMENT : 5/4/2023

DATE OF SUBMITION : 12/4/2023

LECTURER’S NAME : DR. NORAISHAH ABDULLAH

JOTTER
CHEMICAL

1. Acetanilide.

APPARATUS

1. Erlenmeyer flask (100mL).

2. Hot plate.
3. Short stem gravity filter funnel.
4. Beaker (100mL).
5. Filter paper.
6. Buchner funnel.
7. Buchner flask.
8. Rubber hoses.
9. Vacuum pump.
10. Watch glass.
11. Melting point capillary tubes.
12. Long piece of glass tube.
13. Weighing balance.

PROCEDURE

1. About 1g of acetanilide was placed into 100mL Erlenmeyer flask.

2. Then, water was heated to boiling and add minimum amount of the hot water into acetanilide to
dissolve.
3. Continuously heating the mixture at boiling point and continue added hot water little by little until
the acetanilide dissolves.
4. Then added enough boiling water to dissolve the oil.
5. After that, filtered the hot solution into 100mL of beaker by using short stem gravity filter funnel
and filter paper.
6. The clear filtrate was cooled at room temperature and allow the compound to crystallize.
7. Then, cooled in ice bath to crystallize even more compound.
8. After 30 minutes, the crystals were collected in a Buchner funnel and rinse the crystals with ice
cold water.
9. Lastly, the crystals were transferred onto a watch glass and dry it in the oven.
OBSERVATION

OBSERVATION SHAPE OF CRYSTALS COLOUR OF CRYSTALS

Sharp needles Shiny glass-like

DATA AND RESULTS

Mass (g)
Weighing boat + solid (initial) 2.445
Solid (initial) 1.026
Weighing boat + solid (final) 2.223
Solid (final) 0.794

CALCULATION
0.794𝑔
Percentage yield = 1.026𝑔 x 100

= 77.4%

Melting point of acetanilide = 114.3°C

QUESTIONS

1. Explain why the collected crystals in a recrystallization procedure were washed with cold water
rather than warm water.
To avoid the crystal become melted or liquid again even in a little amount, the cold water will
keep the crystal stays it crystal form.

2. Why is the final product from recrystallization obtained by suction filtration rather than gravity
filtration?
Suction filtration is more efficient at removing residual liquid, leading to a purer solid. This is
especially important in crystallization, as the liquid may contain soluble impurities which could
adsorb back onto the solid surface when the solvent evaporates.

3. Although solid product is pure, why will it still have a melting range?
This is because each substance acts as an impurity in the other. To summarize, if a crystalline
substance is pure, its melting point range is likely to be narrow. If two samples have identical
structures, their mixture melting point is not depressed and the melting point range is not
broadened.
QUESTION MELTING POINT

1. How can a reading of melting point analysis tell a compound is pure?

Pure substances melt at a sharp, highly-defined temperature (very small temperature range of
0.5 – 1 °C) whereas impure, contaminated substances generally exhibit a large melting interval.

2. Why is a melting range recorded for a pure sample instead of a melting point?
A solid usually melts over a range of temperatures rather than at one specific temperature.

3. Explain how a “mixed” melting point can be used to confirm the identity of a compound.
If two substances melt at the same temperature, a mixed melting point determination can
reveal if they are one and the same substance. The fusion temperature of a mixture of two
components is usually lower than that of either pure component.

4. Can we heat the capillary tube directly for the determination of melting point and explain why?
No, because direct heating would result in uneven and fast heating.

5. Melting points of solids are different from one to another. What factor(s) responsible for it?
Different solids have different melting points depending on the strength of bonding between
the particles and the mass of the particles. Essentially, the heavier the particles in the solid, and
the stronger the bonding, the higher the melting point.