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    CHINMAY UPADHYAYA X-D
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    Determinants notes

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    3. Determinant-01 (5)

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    Determinants notes

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    49 views74 pages

    Determinant-01

    Uploaded by

    CHINMAY UPADHYAYA X-D
    Determinants notes

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 74
    Determinant Introduction Pa ae LP ee art ary) Cas eS alr CN) Pee eee oe als a Altb, =0 + (ony eeke Pe aE To A ead ee (oF (ory CT Dor D= bz See Meera FRY (<1 Oe Sa CT oy + lf the system of equations O2zA+ beat C2=9 , Agrt bay expression of Retond order OAzA+be=0 of a4, then el Eye) are iE Cyc ee cls eo (onsiak of foe eae eae ed +Cagzoa are YE eure) me Ca valueg of A 4 Y, Sch STC Pied Ca 1 (balg- 32) + by ( 6293- C202) + % ( Azbe- agb2) =0 asa y(t ee og -nant of the dAhixd oxder aE a O2 ba a) (Ceo a youn 4 Mree =) columns - mc tg eee) Ke oh ca rE ee q ey Cg (Ceriee eae eee st a) Value of determinant Q) Using cel me |. Ky EOI orca ora ar ser | a1 oz C2 | = | ap ba cx] ax TR Leak, ne} ay 63 C3408 Dd Mele + bi be Og + a a ee bi 2 Lyd very rae ay (aoe (2) Position of element jn determinant ry ae Pe (an) | | = Ghia Gini Rate (ore Tee SP i (or mee (etme Ye EC - a as = = a Oo b&b () D= ’ (Py Puen ey coy oh b2 Cel] _~ & M © |4 c ns cS Cray Peart oe Oe ee Re C129 Be ee rT) Dz -b) ( O26 - A3cz) + b2( Aeg- A3c,) - b3 (a)e2- 024) Qt) The value of Usksiass —_ ah 2 6 Re) ee ee at 6 lie | aie 2-3 Pa = | (2r-(-ne))-2 ( -36-12) + 2 (28-6) a eal Minors The minor of a Fa elemend of determinant 13 Sne_ determinant obfained by SoC aa) Ror Ce Ce LC cS = oe CE uT CPP MOLKS Ey mee} Carte M2 a3 LC MmCLLy raeties (ere ly | : Ae Az oye D= aye On On Aa oO oPeCL TMU’ Qa, 32 39 ult ae | [Pre] , Mig = | Ag, Are Cece) ory Me2- | On 3 MAS Ez (oly a CCCI be iS ee Crey aS ie oi col tee Li y eC TDs OTN ONT eee MLA MES TUT) CUNY LC UY Mele T EY a ee Poy ee Pa G.(\ i elements of 2" Column of 0 flees aca ts aac Con St Taek these ebementa are 2,2,1 x¥es Prati Bray find the value of determinant Ds - 1x3 + 2x2 - 3x!I [ee ms Cofactor 3- |f my xepzesen$s tre minow of the element Soon eC LAM A Co then the Cofactor of $hat elemend ia given by a (= wu y Go = - Ge Gas tua (a = - May D (a2 = Maz CR Se Ad (ee ey) n (39 = -Mae 1 (g3= Mes oT D= [au Qe 2 Oar Aso ore} () The Sum of faoduct of elements of oy) rea Column) with thet Ser (Oyeyeern’ is always eyual +o the value of detexminat ines On Gy + 2 Ge + Aig Gg Oa. (a+ O22 C22 + O23 Gea OTC CEE EOL MLOTY (2) The anm of Produtd of elements of any row (column) YR nS Ere Ce oe CCohumn ) ES CoN CORSE Srey EM A ee C21 + M2 Ga+ 3 23g = O ay fa | k+3 | <2 a Ole en re ait ag ry (Gree Sn Ca er er ee ee She Co 65 fk 6 RB AN ee oe 6 a keR A (cHcant “S/n Pre 2>| ey 4 es 8 a Ex 4) - 24 (-12-1) =o ee a a) ee a= 0 = ty ole? On, Qe2 Aeg bec acy Oey & fey eee fz) 4Ft : ee ay ee SIEM) =I 3 I Ki a> [| and + DT Ai2z Ge + DT Ajz G3 Cea) Fil Sea a (cue: TREY ct me oe Te CEC mar) + (di3 Cis + Oza C23 + Asa C33) a (ANE Say aNe aya 2 3A Ang G-) Find minors # (ofactors of elements %, ‘s', 'do 2 woof he determinant (6% A f aa a eo. uy a | i fal ee) cn) ce |2 az oe eee ac) Mo = ie i ee Pe ee ee Yo oes : (hs ee a [Eerste EY 6.8 = Qe AE Ws | eh TG Feet emer eee [ET rs I a Py ee Oey (oe PY eae aer (o- factors of Q.,b2,Ca then AAr+ bi B24 CG Co fe equal fo — v () @.(6) The determinant | (os (040) - Sim (@©44) — Cosed SAT (eyxs) ere) maces er) Cos @) 0 Nom of © (Omer corte cy OE rae as yee a 2 (06+) (toabtd) + Sin M+4) ( SinO+d)) + Gs2dxi e Perea) zi 14+ 2087-1 =) CMe Sax) HomeWor (find the yadne of ac} a =2 h_ =8 Peer [Coe cy eC 7) YO oO @6\_ ls bo 2 ® if rao 9 2 4 ana) raya (eee —— (Find the minors ¢ (o-factows of elements -ai's' “1 ¢ 4 in the determinant 2 = iF y to iS Properties of Determinants (1) The value of a determinan$ xemaina unaltered, if yous € (Columns are aCe te roy To Sy T a 42 q a= bite Dez p <> be ky On ba & ST Cena oy tuo wows (ox Columns) emer nr rd ca the value of determinant 14% Changed Te oe ay by i a So a Ay aha QM bra & CY a] ory bs G Qa, ba Cg RaeaKes ig ey) O2 ba cr 1 CP wee) CSN ed) CV a ec cL C0 Yh Mo aE [Pe dO 0 oo Ss | @s te ei ee eX a ey (4 tf al} the elemends of CO ee colt CC Cees te ye hl a ee orate te eens eee iey| ro) that numbes. £ (cen Se ko, kb kG s ae ar ass Di a2 be Co or) ie w) if of the elements of a yow (or column) dre proportonaf (or identical ) do the element} of oe tT ee ce CTS rater es Vanishes i.e its vadue fa Zevo- De a b&b G a b& & =n0 ore [ey . ka, ky Ie) | =o in Iba en Oa ba Cs cM TT a eines the determinant eae QO ? 4) nr & fw oy 2 = = ipo” QF vm pow a vrs A+ 02-0 Ay | sea came aa OG Tone ee) ny a qe) c n es 2s ( Fr mh (acy 2 ey (as) Pena e) a fa Ca) ey Qf) is J 5b 4 m (a ae) (Ca Deo aan) vs a if p- | ia at aE TC reas PLACE CD ao) (6) 29 (c) 4d @f €9 ZEN exg | ~ 8 ne 5 m6 G1) @.(3) Find tre value of determinant a? ab ac (hae Ya Creeks oa QI @ a be wee Crea CY Igy Sj 7 N cua Prove @-(4) eee Care ee) hers Bi pekakaereras crip eT Sar Beran Ct mer Ade Oe Ey -24 Arb & aa) (eo ee) x) Cuaey ° ath rel iy ane Rte} [o) b x} ak <- —1 | a card Sels- Qit O2=0 AS Aye || Se ei a at 9 1 Pry ee LEE ary -2a -34 (ye ET cra a) Cay ° -2a ry bo ete] = (en |/2a ax, Cyan C) cr) a b TY anc (emo) Pare) a ary ars za a+b fo) 3a a io Dey Dit O2-0 Sm (© If each ebement of any ow (a (ofumm) ig Corot (oe Uh ot eT 1 more ) terms, then SCA ar GN Sada 2 ET of Swo lor more) determinants. ore Leo) eas a b& & Ear ro ba (| [eee utes Seneca lec oe (Ce eee eC oes ey Ca eee) Ee! eee ia Oz el ny @) DS yr = hit) oa ey Qo ane) Poa © oO Sead HOME ee So the determimant Prove that u te) (XO Asle \ & edge |S © i a (Sey 1 4 Tt)!» ae cel rarer eb) ac y ee ees.) 2 (eS ' ay ae ele ! bbb? aes SST a -e Loe aera > -e , or Se a 6 Ee 0 VG) ee a, are ee ee » [ta a hap ae (Gee lio\h bee URGE: 1 & @.2) if oy= Re rae ry eS : me me oe Siva} eet Cry eee) ie ce exer) 2 (nn) aul oes ORE hes yr er eres pay ey h n S eS es ee mpm = ary See i n red Pi} n(n Every Patra) FL, rm = lye) (ann) 2 z aig (atau) etme) n rd ra) CMa) errr 2(ns1) at 2 es) fo) We neared Q.09 at Dw = v By ae y es er aon xe i) a) ye Z wo CCE Eee a.) ae Yd pPeeree es bolas oa ts anil ST bd mth V4g Cry a4 aoa its) Sve) kk determinan$s of order 3, each elemen® of whith contains only one dexym . then eA Ane aes al he Ca al Cro Le eZ) EERE E EN Cre nt+Z Wth iY (nn re) b di ia Ce CS me Aur + | by mty veg (sh ei fe ntz wth (Sen ee day =e a (on fs. si tP ba Ff Som ay) @ 0 4) Gm vy _ i+] Gy 9 (OX a ste ad (Cran te aay (oe eee ae ha) AS, 2™S FF & — ao du (Vane bmvi{t}omy ea tee hy HP iS Ip Lae Meee a ae eee 7] sae] INES SOE te ee Ti a ec) cofactors Shen (raat ei} Fi Sulit - : yn fe) ey se fe KE (To ee ee mn od) ~~ (PCD eae. eA) rl CoP eC eS Ma di) , MWA Sss= Saran a Az fez —~----- Alen i . f ry nxn ry Aiy ia Gofactor of oT) QW) iF ps | b& O | and A, B, G denote On bz (a one the cofactor of a., bi, G cae Y Tae aka » then the value of tre determinant (Se Waray (AS eer eee As G3 GC bee (Coe et Noa Co) (Co Cee er} Yeerks) = The value of a determinan$ xemaina unaltered under a (olumn (@ a ecratg of She form (ia Wt d G+ 8X (ik i) or Row (Ri) operation of ne [eee i Se a Se OT a a words, tne value of a determinant 15 not altered by adding the elementa of any wow (ox Column) to the same muthpfes of She Corres pondin A ee be any other row (or Ceolunm). meee Chase 2 = a, e & Oy s ; Komen oc 4 (orm Mey Th Pa ec) Ga [ee ee ae Me PPT a ae Clear ce Pee- tary ee ey G+ d+ Qe D= Ar -¥e <2 ig) 3 Ca Note (1) @y bang core ee ee ee ee a (sk #5), the volne of determinant becomes at Dee cord caro rate (2) White Tr Te property Cea ES aeons ee cP (or cofumn) mus} remain unchanged: 4 ms ee @(1)_ Prove that ees GCC) (rare mae Fe ee ee ae a ee io foal Pe a se cn a oad ! z =e 2 anpy(y-27 | 2 1 ate as ee] pyar 2 x PES (oe ere yy 5) (21-5) (b-z2) eae) a ie u 3 Ge) Prove tnat [1 Tee | = bey lez) ey Cass az) {ees ae ee ey He ray Cy re oe) Ce et ere f ee z3 PCE SE ie i ee he) ° i Pree ee i ve, 23 Ryo Ri Ro (21-2) (44542) Ve PE Cec) ee ee ee ee EL ° ) yaa korea ed po oS PCE NCES mCECsNe rated) Ca oF bet pe Hl z AS Peel ne Se eb CEE) Q.(3) Prove Qhat ; o i = (ob) (5-2) (z-a) Gig tyzezay ee 2) ae (a SS eee ry bes ere) ro) pene a ad ) ae rad 2» (a-b) (p-2) fa) Rea) Loe ro) rar ber 244 b2 | Ze za re nee » (x-») (b-2) ee er Ger et ay to) ry a ee eS i 22 Pat 2 (5) (e-2) (Her) | Oo | eee ° Pee a hee Sora ; nc 23 2 (a-b) (b-2) (-2) (( re a ae ee yh - 24-52-24) 2 (4-5) (y-2) (2-9) Cag+ y2z4+z25) Ang (cH ans sii St H 5 aE CONC ES (ao Ree eas Seber tes cD) f A Sthe Ce ea ee ee eet Ce ee eh as 3 eal f 2 ger (Ce se ce Ceo ° oi Sa ee he Pos 24 i ae Eee Se be el he (a-2) (3% 274 a2) + $( 4-2) (3+2)2 + br (4-2) mw = (=z) (9% 2t+ az4 15+ bzt 2) PC aC aor) eo ee ee eet Ee a O 1 b84 p22 4 y224 27 i ce ah aS Saat ease eC Ree SAC ae) (ens ee ae Ee oe 2 ee Pd eran Bera tee a He (N= (nape oe ee TiS an (fi Ce mane A= (d+tb+e) In | a ea) te ey ee ee) O= (arbre) b= (arbre) [1 ( (b-<) (a-b) - (c-a)#) J A= (Atb+¢) ( 4b6- 6% Car be- C?- Q? 4 2¢a) A= (4+b+¢) ( Ab4 bC+ ca- g* Le 22) Dz = (Arb#C) (a+ Hr+c% — AQ-—be- ca) D= -L (Atb+ TS eT rd PoeY eZ) a ON (cE ee CVI pete Ee ty) i Al? es a ii ee Ae theese) Cie 1 Pa Geet coe rae Sa -«- 3. of) = (tedewt) ( I-d + oS ( at-1)) (i aPres = Wtdsc®)y = (#31) (x31) = (#84)* = (isch A Ea amet defeyminanf 2- then determinant 18 known as Ree Te neal determinant: 4 Values of elements of Painciple a ee Ctr So a) We et Bae a ae) evant of odd order Skew Ey eae aca eee [Sen Yc Sh O « a’ ar ae) F 4 Gy if | a%3s a-1 p43 5 a a Bea AN Siem || rer sarees Ok) oS ea ar tren find G) # (1 Peo i i) a ee) (a) et kK} n i a) = es ave LY) ) $= 041 (-3) +3(4) = 4 A Gy ot ne ie ee ee eed Pe eae eee aes) a 84+ h8 3 132 P+q+ ¥+ S+ P= 132 -O phe A= -) (ee aS ah sh Perera ye Ee cae -2(je+n) a eet A) a ee eee a et) ©+® PG or oe > ee ee oo a) an ar x) GLEe S) =) ia Dc ee ee =) oe CSS BY) Pe Pal Fy hee ec ec) M243. d-1 A+B te) i A-4 = 2a-4 A-2 Ary Py C33 Cg-Ca 2) Da 4 Kj A-h = 3A rere yeas] POY (tesa) ( et er as 16 + sr? + 19d) CC loa ae ent Oe See eC eee) (0243a) (Sa24 16) = (4-1) (8A 12) + 4 ( a2 + 9A4h) UE eee Ee, y OOD wr aS Yee ee LS ate oe OPES rary wea ee Fa ee oe Se (Sa a eX 42 | r+q2 Kees at aoe ae} then A=? oz res) crn nea) Ds (Asatentec?) | 1 bt c® f beta C2 ae i Le c2ty fee Kae y = fl Cy Pd i EIS OLS ” ie) Cress ar eC Ae oebeieon® ks Aso va a.(3) tea oe rola b%\ at a 2 ee ead ac (Lie CAA Cys Cres ig a cy Crary b = 0 b & c c+r ¢ e Eka ere eg Ke ay = (42 Ge CAS) ee ice Pee) e rar ee i i | ee eS a a Pa On Oe (Cee rere.) ee ee) Se hea a ee oe a Qh) |f fhree nbmbers zs, 349, G2¢ are divisible (ee Met a ie Pano FY ys She Co SNES) oP ee ey ae 2 oe a OP 389 = leex3 + 10x8+ 9= kr , X2WET Siar looxG + lox2+ C = kAY , Pv Roos a 8 Par Pie, 2 ce aS Lay @ oa 5 Nya 6G Q 9g © ee Ce 2} = NS CY rae 2 Q 4 2 a) Ae ee (CRC meer d73 Sat re) (ey fey eesti ie roy = (Atb4c) (a%b% c?) Notes bra c EY (2) ad (ot) Chad ora b (ats) a-b b+a oe i ny ae renee ra Lae 42 ee Chor) rarely (ES Cee et (CUTrie) Wé| | b-c c+b ape | S (on) ' bia © ao QieQ A eho) Prat (etl eee oe Qo -<¢ bra a co) oa cane ! bra e O74 beret (Cree ee): ce) =) (a7 b74c7) (arbec) A (CRG cbs Tear ee CY EY Ruane} NEC ee arya ihe (ere eet es) the maximym value of fla), ia - (Ay 2 (25 __4 (GG) @) 8 (Ce Cee ae] oe Ce hb Simao) er) rae i exer URE E i (eg*1 14 4 Sins Ikon cee eS Se DT Cp an CSL TED) @ sii ° fi ror en eee S| ep eae Sea re ae Soa a Q@ |f ou2+c2= -2 and are ree] (4E2) 9% (l4c@) a (Cx gee | mem Acro (Noo | Qh | LE a PO aCua ee eee cere S | Cs CD (Gy 5 ee) Qo Ci4¢e+ C3 It a7 > 4+ a+ b>) 4 a+ ct) FS ee SO ee a) Se ears) Ce reps i eee ori} i ae ee H a eats Rio Ri- Re 4+ Reve Re-Rs rac Dies C) si-1 o fo} et a-) i re se tea | fla = (4-1)? Degree ea Homework QA.) if od, [er 1 on n ee a ey 2 71M (eC) ae chs 1a be ie ae eee Seren en ClO (Gate } © eld PoC) ee WS a V c [o Va Ly fe) rena Pteeno ld omy a-c par) ea) ya sa Li then D952 ig egal 4fo— a bc be ac ab (CC CTs SS YO @.(u) The value of determinan} ka k%aq2 | fee 1d or oa ee pean yes 1) (A) kk (ath) (ore) (cra) (2) kabe (Oe) @ k(a-b) (6-4) (¢-9) (oD a Ct et Se Cae eetS) QS) Prove Shad a ie ie pore ab bite C+a tb = (atete) (a=6) (=o) (<-a) [oo aE aS oe a abo cee) ers aA+3 Beas es) oa] eae eq ueds — (A) arbre (6) React e-tae (€) 0 (ap ie cca a etd (oo) iam +ve_ Mnmbess 31,5,2 , the reer aac) eet Td of eee ete e Es i ee i : ener v5 Pe f dey 5 i Ca fay o (@) xi Qb2) © Vi (Erte 3 mem?) Sey oe ao be f Che te Ce Qe) if A= and Auppese det. A = 6. eo i) (em ee eo (era See end @) det B= 6G () det-@ = -6 @) det-@ = je () dete @ = -12 Qf) Let Dz | Q 5 Ath} and Dee [A € Ate (a oo at ee (oa then tne value of 2 where b#0 and ad# be, ig ary @ -2 @ o © -e6 (©) 2b nO mans (rors (g+r- x 5)" ) G@poe G20) Ghaeges) 1 (a+9- vos)! (Coa Pa aie CYT) ae a eae Cee) 32 ©) -6h (@) 64 Q.(\) The ag value of 3 sabis a) LOC OT Sy rw =| x pike Pa aot 2"-3 el” =0 B= Pi Pu a (A) gx 2" (ee ee ae eee ae G3 Gt +h f _ ine 2" (A) \ Ale ieee mar) Hl iil Sea hs a fay 2 Se SY (-9) [<) cS) ° a) 2"+2'*4 5 | =0 i ee ae (ee Ge ee Se) (ene: 2!2,4) = 0 Si eee a ae 2" (i+2) 2 ” w Ed fe FS G2) Le} deR and fox we fo,en) the minimum ALS = esd ees ae} i Sind+ 2 el S 2Sind-d -Sino+ 2+2d then a value of d ia— ot (8) 2(J24) (ce) -% (©) 2 (+2) Cr eee aa ary Cea) Sing-2 aad ] rar’ J ey PESO E ee a) ke ee eee ae = -2 Utd Singd-2 nl cea eB) ! ° (o) ee ee eet ee a) Az (d+2)?- Sinto finite « “(CADP S ta Q (dt2)%= 9 re ee jet aro D -Sind 1 RAK) Cio) 2 7j45/E sae ee eae) |) Sn lial: ee ME Ea a BPS 7S ee re @) (vg] (@) (02) Ce) Ea Skee CeCe Te) ata ae) Ser) 1 a liak a ico ee aa Cea) i) Sino H Sd i SSK) ° ry 2 dee(A) = 2 (1+ginto) yes ca $1) ian 0 ete es Sintd © ee) I+ Sin'd € [1 $) de4-(A) € [2,3) Ql) let 1,5, 6, d av? In AP with (Common Carer tet an ele gis Bae Pray Pe 7 ee Oe st+5-1= PMA ONS Cee Pree a O,bic,d a AP. I-A= ¢-b25 d-c = dX Seay Seay Ea} Pra Para Peay aes Sears) rare ai dee a ere ae sievigy es ek aa oa Eo Pao ee See es 2 o ) ao ©) (Ceres it Ps! os 242A Ad +e va) (4) Seas 1) c D+2A aitd —A 222-2 9) 2) A Qs) les x and g be the seohs of the equation PC ee oY Dor ae alos 8 rT ee ee oe A Cract H a) rae (a2 ylp21) (@) 93-1 (c) b( 523) wy 93 Pare ie (mere rae} ee oe] cee (b+1+ 448) a! ro H i er) Yee a ee Ce eee eee) y9( b*-1 - (a%9") ) Pe ee 20D er Ea a 9 ee oC Eo De Cee er Sc As5+ 64a74+Cd4D then icvonel is PLT Te cree (a) a ee (- een CD hk en ean ee a) Des ek ee Sa 21-3 Sa-h ba-s ° a) KE a ee ead Fe ic 0 i u é -1 Ess (21-1) (39 @G-@ + @279a-% 5 EE. Me) le) fay = ‘ 5 A (I-12 ° ea ce (Exp) [ev (( ERC re oo P| (0 @I-) ( 897-94 46) a (y eS ee a San ee oe 2 Qre non-zero distinch xeal numbers, then Ea} arb eae) s) bra cat) 4 c+ > ora Peer) meee Ria M-Re + Rea Re-%3 b-q4 a-L oO c-btl b-c 1 (CPs 2 cry 2te (a-) =) () r) eal i 1 Fe Cr2ty 2te (a-b) (-1 ( ¢+¢- ¢-d-5) gla-b) A (ONC ey ee ee fe cy oa ee e- Pr ary a ee ee al © eo SEemy aed Wj fG@d= 1 (6) #f(-sod = S01 (c) £ (-s0)= -1 @) fo) = -Sol ee ea ea al (4) co fey = | ave 243 ate ETS Ayre eee) ope ) oO ® =p) Pea | Bale) f(y = 1 ( 2143 -a-2) Li Deana @-@) The mmber of dishincd veal) xoohs of Se eC eS Com Sins) (os >| Site ee Tis =0 in the interval Par ae a ees Bl 4 (a) 4 cv oa (Cy G (Se [es ee eek ° ° (CS ee Sia) CE Sin (Cre Eas) ThE co] Sing (es1-sina) (QTE) =o (Cee ee) yy (ee ea] ci eae Q. (2) ae (erae eC ee ee Gi Gi+39 C439 Ean aa) {a1 ro ee eee eh of valyes of a in the Intesval — (a> (60,61) (6) [és,66) fen [62,63) (a) (62,63) (4941 (a9+¢2 [39+8 ta s-3—taraa-|-=—_92 Ry heer a) a a eee SP em Sd i a ° re) 7 =i) rs IB (ey 1 chee cre. + [219 (1-0) = 199 eae he eed 33 = 186 Leib a 3 a€ (62,63) Ans- 7) ee = E yf Where 650. Then the tea i iy es San eaten ie) CCE cA 5 (COE @) 3 CF 2m (> -2 2 al IA) = — : 6b pa (Al= 2 ( eb+2- 62) = b(2b=6) +1 ( vam Y=) Le cee eS (es an Pee CO = Weng) S - 5 5 Oo 1 ic oa ole 5 (27 (C9 ee Se C9 ST ert ry) (ere) Pee) Co8* 4 (03.23) RSE (ever) [emery PMC Ra ym eater nc) mT ee COTS equal fo — ie a ee Sees -2 -2 0 Re a 1 Sin? Costa 14+ Cos2a) Fed= Sin?a (2-0) — (os?) (2-0) 4 (14 C0229) (o+4) Fas = 2( Sin?a)- Cos2990 4 4+ Loser eh is ee re ee eT) OP ee on oa) 21 (o,27) Gs2a € (-119 (fer)Jmax = 4+2= 6 A Is Fy I G(s) if 1, Jey lenkay ere] by late te) erat) A-P- for a weal numbex 1. then the value Ceres 2 a2] is \ oO 4 By j o equa) $o — ae se ie (10-444 gc) Pre iY Ue Cee a ace e (nha t= Wet nee eet H7_ iho = 8220 $7 166+ 29 - 32=0 (B-1¢) (B+2) eo an) , é=-2 X aaa (Ek 3h 4 8(0-2) - 1 (0-4) +4( 1-0) 2 ve \ fe} ke eee CRC eS ee eo med As E | ee a a a (tere ry eperaa|) - DE fame roe (Cy Ty SO (Sn Cae COTE b-z2 cC-b= A G34 @-@ 4 G7 @-G oO (2) CU iN A i} 2 ma h (b4+2) Alerb) c/a tol Os So SD) oP ee CUES Bera eae) Ue 2 | Gee ee a rer way aC G(s) if are Gs» 220 4 # Sin 2am , x= 1,2,8----, Ey 3 en oP ac ee | Q, As a [Col a) Rod LAT 0.09 - 4294 (Q) O20c- Ou Oa (ce) as (> eee) (03d +4 Sind = ae : (220) Cr aes (og 27 4 § Sin 2eT = QS) g 4 Pris dr= (eS Pra) By re By Or= co 2 ; 0 eo nS eo? (e%)* (e!) (CKD CALS a (he he (oD (Cah (219) 9 : - ; {0 (p49)? Peon C Ooh Ya r ef? (Ca A=0 Factor Theorem > \f the elementa of a determinan$ D ave Pere) Tone functions of a and two vows (or columns) become identical when A= a SS oP) a YS or a > If three wows (or columns) Latomes identical when ‘a’ fs anbsdituded for a1, ten (a-o)? ee Nats en OD 3a Fon vows (ow Columng) Letomes identical when ‘a’ fa substituted for 3 , then Guay” Ete Tar Leo QA) Laing factor dneorem Pra ears Bt =| fei eevee) Ley a ea eo ec SS ™ ce x-Ce-Y en) aes Sic sete on) Pub a=0 ara) ir aS oF 0 a(mb-0) - A Cmb-mMb) = kab Cr ee nD k= m aa x mm m | = & (3-0) (21-6) a | ry 22 52 ee = (ab) (b-2) (2-21) IN CO Qe) Prove that E i y ge | = & (a-a) (a-2) (2-91) Pace ere Oat oD) 4 ar by 4, Crue) ay co Te (7 a ee (oP ey Cle ee Ce eee ve ae C2 93 Oat, + badot @ de CS ee coo ia Sy OT ™, Ch Te Oo mz O24, + be de ea $2 om ne | = da ma 3 CE ha Se Real Y (Peli Peay ee em CE) Some Rr} inp) Gv) Cofumy Madsiptication of Pwo determinangs ” Th Tees ean D RL Ain, +hyn2+ Ging Ce te any) CPR eee aa eta Pata) Seda) Ee ere es | (een ed i) Column Ion Qu if Sy = a®te%+ 0% then So & So nd EST SS ST) . OES eS aie ones Crane ara Or hee ce cya Crane eis Carer as Cheeta Cena Chine bee i pd 1 a on x \ Ss rok a ct i (= ce @.(2) | Cos (A-P) Coa Exe) (os (A-R) (oa (B-F) ermine) (4 (6-R) | = q (os (¢-1?) bos (¢- Q) (03 (c-@) 7s a (3S: os (9) + (o3A CosP + SimA SinP (os A (08+ SinA Sin@ (on A (oak a Sin Sin® (048% (oaPt+ Sin&® SinP 34 CosQt Gin@Sin@ sa (osR + SinG Sink (gc (osP + Since SinP (osc CoQ +t Sine SNQ@ (sc CosR+ Sine Gk (sa Sina O (ery (Coo) Mn @s4 2 (048 Sin@ OO GaP Sing Sm Gost Sint O ° ° fo) (3) \f ol, @ #0 and Ffiry= oh g™ and g 14 #0) 1+ Fle) B 1+ #4) wee te) Pace Is (4 a) (+8) r+ fi) (pee aLO) Sa ee ee TY er (A) 4g (Yes) Mh (opm Ca} eae) ese ar da Te it Cid oe oe ec) ne ec a eee Eo Sd ea elas a dee [ (-«) (=a) (@-v ] iu (ee GL Gu) which of the aaa vales of BN EaN cay Ey (Cesk aty ed ee hed eae (224)? rau? | = - Creo (840)" (a4 20)? tsar? 7 (5 a eS ee 2's | cote he ere eee pay ere Sy a 0 Yn Pe Ce a Re oo oe fl Pv) mi f ' i] po alles in = =-6h8xX Pee ae h G8 Ky oo 0 i Pans K | Graf ae: 2 Oh: 93) hy) + on) pa Ss 1 1 f] ma es i ee Dad ro 0 Perm (=0) * cn} | aes (ug G(s) Prove Sha} Zbl - ar ra &2 zi & Hues ee = _(Babc- a8 48-¢3) oe a? Agere ; rs a bic oe) (a) e 4 rr: nn) Oui | eo CEES -q -b -c okey mummram ao) Cree ne ) Q.) eal PERSE) SEEaG Er eaean rahe Dee aal) Pero Ler S) aid i ied Ay (zt) + Zw Colt y) Peper u ! c eT) ZW Nth Oo 7 } als Ses 2u ay 0 er Application of determinant (1) Area of a eed ae ry) EOS LEAT) (oer in Yy) (2) Condition of UREA of Shree dane B- also) A (Saba) CC Ma Ba) a ob, t me th 1 jae) 213) 3300) (Conn eres Le PACE ae ae a Pet ee) aap ee CN of NE AS aera Fae en eee ee ee oe! | £ ale) CE Sy gpm ed (4) Equation of NT ater roreshy, though Sie en CRT TD ee eS Aen) al Per) Net a 5 f a, 4% | |= 0 A2 be | Differentiation of determinant (0 If ala) = fin fred £3 (a1) fue) fe ’ then Alla) = fi faer |, | $G) — feen fac) fae) fae) fae) 7 a ater fi fren ],] fe feen ~ | f2e) fae fe) fa) (2) if om = Fo) ee aC aC) Sucrn fuen fs@)d fee fr) feo fa u rs 7 FACT CE AD fed f20) fs =) pep fs@ fee [>] fuen fear fen f:0) fe fae fact) fee Fa) PC Pe aC) 7 fued fs@) 600 fie) fen F4@ a.(v) if | r*eaa PP St) eal aN cen Noe Ath DN tren find ¢ 3 i i ) C= 1 roy Ae) aa fl oa cf ° =e i ae Gee ( 12-1) + Space bE Gio) ear ee ae te ve 2 a & cy Pr] +t], 0 -4 Ta i} a) u (o+2) Pace Ge) oe a A Ta Pa qb xe \ I te or or ak ee, yh PC 4a cab Ql \f prqtr= 0 and ath, ee ae k ($4b¢- 43_ 43-3) Pa(xgar beP®) - 4b( acq?— Prk?) + veC4c2_ abe) 4 BL at kee al eT el A eT 2» Pax (a34 634 63) — abe ( 924 9% x3) (EC Sw) p34 43423 2 3 Par En a oa a DS 2 Par ( a+ G34 3 - gabe) Sa ra Gea ERED) ee. ae G.(2) The Pe! at vet ce Sob: - E) — Pe Ei i cS Tae Ta) ol number of dishinch sick aE ; ec eo ee eee xk Eb ] Eee Ed (Ca a (39) 7 cS Dae CoB) = ak (ese Pel (le Ee ee al ee) rm Em) 34 (34) 1 3a (34) (64341) (4-201) (22-23) (24-5) = 10 PSU p mens ee eee) ee er ee Ga? ( 9991) -5 (9341) - 0 (eon me Cee nee) zeb ef Cae 4 3 ewes D (3) Per ee (Clo meena a 5 Cees rrr b c Teas Ey CP sa ee ee rey (A) a,b, ¢ are in A? GI) Abc are in 4) AP ea ee ee) (oD ee me ee ata ct cL ea a (Co ae ae Cm a & ) b c Pa) =O Gan Tei Ne AE Ee = (atts 2h2+ ¢) (ac-b?) <0 Adk*+ 264+ = O 2 (Sar Ye Tee ae i fi (0) ee a= ES NE C2 Ye | Cams) (er eC then Dre value of Sinta+ Sinta t+ Ginte is equal fo — (4) 4 @) 3&3 £5 4 (9) 38 c} By tj 2 a ra Se b a @ a PY ara =r 1s we e-em e- 2 c2-ab - act 6% + Q%@-be =0 NERO i SIRS acy) O?4+ 67+ 6% — 2am- 2bhc- 204+ D724 b74 <%= 0 (4-b)*+ (b-<) #+ (a)%= 0 Azb= A= Q=C = bo SinvrA+ Sinrt@t+ Sin?e = as ra rs + Slo G(s) leB arb,¢ be such Shab bre t0 if (2; 2 sea ea] (| d= Sol (= | bel roa = 0 © e-1 4 (Ear cure (en rs Sar TI: 10 Pe (A) o CS Ly me) TM CUD Pee as a co ey) Cer aa Pres Qa ami a-1 (ot) (ey eee) at ptt haf) SP br a) (ease 6 =O re er €-1__€¥1_p_yy"_¢ vu (ae a es eS? ero at a-l (ere! be eel =6— Eo |——— s rare

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