SP 101 Module 1

FM-AA-CIA-15 Rev.
0 10-July-2020
Study Guide in SP101 – Social and Professional Issues Module No. 1
STUDY GUIDE FOR MODULE NO. 1

OVERVIEW OF ETHICS
MODULE OVERVIEW
Ethics is relevant to every individual in their everyday personal and professional life because
every now and then, we will have to deal with an ethical question or problem, e.g. what is your
level of responsibility towards protecting another person from threat, or whether or not you should
tell the truth in a particular situation? This module introduces the ethical responsibilities and
concerns relevant to the ICT Profession.
MODULE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of this module, you should be able to:
 Differentiate between the different ethical theories;

 Determine the ethical theory appropriate to apply in a particular scenario;
 Demonstrate the appropriate usefulness of a specific ethical theory on a given case.
LEARNING CONTENTS: COMMON ETHICAL THEORIES
Ethics, also called moral philosophy, the discipline concerned with what is morally good and bad
and morally right and wrong. The term is also applied to any system or theory of moral values or
principles.
Ethics deals with questions like; "How should we live?", "Shall we aim at happiness or at
knowledge, virtue or the creation of beautiful objects?", "If we choose happiness, will it be our
own or the happiness of all?", "Is it right to be dishonest in a good cause?". Its subject consists
of the fundamental issues of practical decision making, and its major concerns include the nature
of ultimate value and the standards by which human actions can be judged right or wrong
(Encyclopedia Britannica).
The study of ethics dates back to ancient Greek times through the philosopher Socrates, who
believed that the chief aim of education and philosophy is the pursuit of and love of the good
itself, rather than any particular good thing. Through the years, many philosophers have
introduced different ethical theories.
Ethical Theories
We can think of ethical theory as a decision model. The critical element in morality is the need to
make decisions regarding fairly difficult issues. What we need is a well-reasoned method for
taking the facts and making the best decision we can in terms of our moral principles. This often
involves the process of judgment. An ethical theory should provide guidance, by pointing the way
on questions where we don’t have clear rules already.
Before we introduce common ethical theories, it is important to understand what they have in
common, these are:
 They identify what it means to do the right thing.

 They assume that people have free choice to make their own rational decisions.
 Their goal is to generally contribute to the well-being of humanity.
PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 1

FM-AA-CIA-15 Rev. 0 10-July-2020
 They distinguish obligations and responsibilities from choice and personal preference.
I. Relativism
Relativism is the theory that there is no universal moral norm of right and wrong. According to
this theory different individuals or groups of people can have completely opposite views or moral
problem, and both can be right. It suggests that different environment spawn different ethics.
Two particular kind of relativism are subjective relativism and cultural relativism.
I.1 Subjective Relativism holds that each person decides right and wrong for
himself/herself. This notion is captured in the popular expression “What’s right for you may
not right for me.”
The Case Versus Subjective Relativism
 Well-meaning and intelligent people disagree on moral issues e.g. Reproductive

Health Bill
 Ethical debates are disagreeable and often leads nowhere.
 People are good at rationalizing bad behavior.
 No moral distinction between actions.
I.2 Cultural Relativism is the ethical theory that the meaning of “right” and “wrong” rests
with a society’s actual moral guidelines. These guidelines vary widely from place to place
and from time to time. Ethical behavior normally adapts to generally accepted norms.
Particular action may be wrong in a society at one time and wrong in another society or in
another time. e.g. Capital punishment
Case Versus Cultural Relativism
 It doesn't explain how moral guidelines are determined.

 Cultural norms may not be accepted across the board.
 It provides no way out for cultures in conflict.
 Existence of many acceptable practices does not imply all practices are
acceptable.
 Just because two societies do have different moral views, doesn't mean they
ought to have different views.
II. Divine Command Theory
The divine command theory is based on the idea that good actions are those aligned with the
will of God and bad actions are those contrary to the will of God. Since the Holy Book contains
God’s directions, we can use the Holy Book as moral decision-making guides. Fundamentalists
are more likely to consider Holy Book authentic and authoritative. Most sects within these
religious traditions augment Holy Books with other sources when developing their moral codes.
The divine command theory is based on obedience, not reason. If good means “willed by God,”
and if religious texts contains everything we need to know about what God wills, then there is
no room left for collecting and analyzing facts. Hence, the divine command theory is not based
on reaching sound conclusions from premises through logical reasoning. There is no need for a
person to question a commandment. The instruction is right because it is commanded by God,
period. We cannot question the sovereignty of God.

Case Versus Divine Theory
 Base on obedience not reason.

 Society is multicultural and secular.
 Different Holy books disagree.
 Some moral problems are not addressed in the scriptures
III. Ethical Egoism
Ethical egoism is the philosophy that each person should focus exclusively on his or her self-
interest. In other words, according to ethical egoism, the morally right action for a person to
take in a particular situation is the action that will provide that person with the maximum long-
term benefit.
Ethical egoism does not prohibit acting to help someone else, but assisting another is the
right thing to do if and only if it is the helper’s own long-term best interest.
Can you think of acts which will NOT benefit the doers? You may say:
1. If there is only one bread for a mother and her child, the mother may deprive herself
of the bread and allows her child to consume the bread;
2. The father will always work overtime just to provide the needs of his family;
3. One of the siblings may volunteer to stop studying so that his other siblings may
continue studying because their parents cannot afford to send them to school
simultaneously.
IV. Consequentialism
“The end will justify the means.” In consequentialism, the consequence of an action justifies
the moral acceptability of the means taken to reach that end. It is the consequence of an action
which determines whether or not the action is moral. The results of the action prevail over any
other consideration. It holds that evaluating results, is more important than evaluating the
actions. Thus rightness or wrongness of actions is definable in terms of the goodness or
badness of the result.
IV. Utilitarianism
Utilitarianism is the philosophy that the right action is the one that produces the most intrinsic
good for everyone affected. It believes in "the greatest happiness for the greatest number".
Utility equates to happiness, which depending on the context may mean an advantage, a
benefit, good, pleasure or profit. The principle of utility is known as the Greatest Happiness
Principle.
Critique of Utilitarianism
 Could result in harming some for the sake of the majority.
 Adding up consequences requires that we calculate them all in the same units of
measurement.
 Ignores innate sense of duty.
V. Kantianism
Kantianism or Deontology is an obligation-based theory whose chief author was Immanuel Kant,
who lived in the 18th century. This theory emphasizes the type of action rather than the


consequences of that action. Deontologists believe that moral decisions should be made based
on one’s duties and the rights of others. According to Kant, morality is based on pure reason.
As people have the innate ability to act rationally, they, therefore, must act morally, irrespective
of personal desires. Another way of stating Kant’s theory is “Act morally regardless of the
consequences.”
An ethics of principle that believes that everyone should be treated equally and respectfully.
Human interaction is based on categorical imperative, where you treat both yourself and other
people as ends in themselves and never only as a means to an end.
Case Versus Kantianism
 Sometimes no rule adequately characterizes an action.

 There is no way to resolve a conflict between rules.
 Allows no exceptions to moral laws.
LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Individual Assessment Task
You are in charge of awarding all personal computer service-related contracts for your
employer. In a recent e-mail to the current holder of the service contract for your company, you
casually exchanged ideas about home landscaping, your favorite past time. In your e-mail you
stated that you wished you had a few pear trees in your yard. Upon returning from a vacation,
you discover three mature trees in your yard. There is a brief “thank you” note in your mailbox
signed by the local sales representative of your company’s current personal computer service
contractor. You really want the trees, but you certainly didn’t mean for the contractor to buy
them for you. You suspect that the contractor interpreted your e-mail comment as a hint that
you wanted him to provide you with some trees. You also worry that the contractor still has a
copy of your e-mail. If the contractor sent your boss a copy of your-email, it might look as if you
were trying to get a bribe from the contractor. Can the trees be considered as a bribe? What
would you do and why? Justify your answer.
Instructions for document format before submission:
Encode your final answers in MS Word and submit on or before the given deadline. Your answer
for each question should be a maximum of three sentences only. Check grammar, spelling
errors before submitting. Place your name, year level and section at the beginning of the page.

Group Assessment Task 1
Refer to the case scenario:
Jonah, a gifted high school student, wants to become a lawyer in the future. Because she comes
from a poor family, she needs a scholarship in order to attend college. Some of her classes
require students to do extra research projects in order to get an A. her high school has a few
older PC’s but there are always long lines of students waiting to use them during the school
day. After school, she usually works in a part-time job to help support her family.
One evening Jonah visited the library of a private college few miles from her family’s apartment,
she found plenty of unused PC’s connected to the internet. She surreptitiously looked over the
shoulder of another student to learn a valid login/password combination. Jonah returned to the
library several times a week, and by using its PCs and printers she efficiently completed the
extra research projects, graduated from high school with straight A’s and got full-rider
scholarship to attend a prestigious university.
lifted from Lavina, C.G. (2015). Social, Ethical, Legal and Professional Issues in Computing with complete explanation of the
Philippine. Manila: Cybercrime Laws.Mindshapers Co., Inc.
Instructions for group composition and submission
Create a group consisting of 3 members. Discuss the given case scenario among your members
and answer the following questions. Encode your final answers in MS Word and submit on or
before the given deadline. Each answer should be a maximum of three sentences only. Check
grammar, spelling errors before submitting. Place group members’ names at the beginning of
the page.
1. Did Jonah do something wrong?

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. Who benefited from Jonah’s course of action?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. Who was hurt by Jonah’s course of action?

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

4. Did Jonah have an unfair advantage over her high school classmate?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. Would any of your answers change if it turns out James did not win a college
scholarship?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
6. Are there better ways James could have accomplished her objectives?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Refer to the case scenario
An organization dedicated to reduce spam tried to get Internet Service Providers (ISP’s) in Asian
country to stop spammers by protecting their mail servers. When this effort was unsuccessful,
the anti-spam organization put the address of these ISP’s on its “black list”. Many ISP’s in the
Philippines consulted the black list and refused to accept email from the blacklisted ISP’s. This
action had two results. First, the amount of spams received by the typical email user in the
Philippines dropped by 25 percent. Second, ten of thousands of innocent computer users in the
East Asian country were unable to send email to friends and business associates in the
Philippines.
Lifted from Lavina, C.G. (2015). Social, Ethical, Legal and Professional Issues in Computing with complete explanation of the
Philippine. Manila: Cybercrime Laws.Mindshapers Co., Inc.
Instructions for group composition and submission:
and answer the following questions. Indicate ethical theories where they are applicable. Encode
your final answers in MS Word and submit on or before the given deadline. Each answer should
be a maximum of three sentences only. Check grammar, spelling errors before submitting.
Place group members’ names at the beginning of the page.
Answer the following questions briefly.

1. Did the anti-spam organization do anything wrong?

2. Did the ISP’s that refused to accept email from the Blacklisted ISP’s do anything
wrong?
3. Who benefited from the organization’s action?
4. Who was hurt by the organization’s action?
5. Could the organization have achieved its goals through a better course of action?
LEARNING CONTENTS: CRITICAL REASONING AND MORAL THEORY
Ethics and morals relate to “right” and “wrong” conduct. While they are sometimes used
interchangeably, they are different: ethics refer to rules provided by an external source, e.g.,
codes of conduct in workplaces or principles in religions. Morals refer to an individual’s own
principles regarding right and wrong.
Ethics versus Morality Comparison Table
ETHICS MORALS
What are they? Describes standards or codes of Are one’s personal beliefs
behavior expected of an individual about right and wrong
by a group (nation, organization,
profession) to which an individual
Principles or habits with respect
belongs.
to right or wrong conduct. While
The rules of conduct recognized in morals also prescribe dos and
respect to a particular class of don'ts, morality is ultimately a
human actions or a particular group personal compass of right and
or culture. wrong.
The Concise Oxford Dictionary It is concerned with

defines ethics as: “Relating to righteousness or immorality of
morals, treating of moral questions; character or disposition, or with
morally correct, honourable” the distinction between right
and wrong; dealing with
regulations of conduct.
Where do they Social system - External Individual - Internal
come from?
Why we do it? Because society says it is the right Because we believe in
thing to do. something being right or wrong.
Flexibility Ethics are dependent on others for Usually consistent, although
definition. They tend to be can change if an individual’s
consistent within a certain context, beliefs change.
but can vary between contexts.
The "Gray" A person strictly following Ethical A Moral Person although
Principles may not have any Morals perhaps bound by a higher
at all. Likewise, one could violate covenant, may choose to follow
Ethical Principles within a given a code of ethics as it would
system of rules in order to maintain apply to a system. "Make it fit"
Moral integrity.
Origin Greek word "ethos" meaning" Latin word "mos" meaning
character" "custom"

Acceptability Ethics are governed by professional Morality transcends cultural

and legal guidelines within a norms
particular time and place
Morality
There does not seem to be much reason to think that a single definition of morality will be
applicable to all moral discussions. One reason for this is that “morality” seems to be used in
two distinct broad senses: a descriptive sense and a normative sense. More particularly, the
term “morality” can be used either
1. descriptively to refer to certain codes of conduct put forward by a society or a group

(such as a religion), or accepted by an individual for her own behavior, or
2. normatively to refer to a code of conduct that, given specified conditions, would be put
forward by all rational persons.
Many people find morality extremely useful. Not everyone has the time and training to reflect on
the kind of life they want to live, considering all the different combinations of values, principles,
and purposes. It’s helpful for them to have a coherent, consistent account that has been refined
through history and can be applied in their day to day lives.
Many people also inherit their morality from their family, community or culture – it’s rare for
somebody to ‘shop around’ for the morality that most closely fits their personal beliefs. Usually
the process is unconscious. There’s a challenge here: if we inherit a ready-made answer to the
question of how we should live, it’s possible to apply it to our lives without ever assessing
whether the answer is satisfactory or not.
We might live our whole lives under a moral system which, if we’d had the chance to think about,
we would have rejected in part or in full.
Law
Law is a system of rules that tells us what we can and cannot do. Laws are enforced by a set
of institutions (the police, courts, law-making bodies). Legal acts are acts that conform to the
law. Moral acts conform to what an individual believes to be the right thing to do. Laws can
proclaim an act as legal, although many people may consider the act immoral—for example,
abortion.
There is a temptation to see the law and ethics as the same – so long as we’re fulfilling our legal
obligations we can consider ourselves ‘ethical’. This is mistaken on two fronts. First, the law
outlines a basic standard of behavior necessary for our social institutions to keep functioning.
For example, it protects basic consumer rights. However, in certain situations the right thing to
in solving a dispute with a customer might require us to go beyond our legal obligations.
Secondly, there may be times when obeying the law would require us to act against our ethics
or morality. A doctor might be obligated to perform a procedure they believe is unethical or a
public servant might believe it’s their duty to leak classified information to the press. Some
philosophers have argued that a person’s conscience is more binding on them than any law,
which suggests to the letter of the law won’t be an adequate substitute for ethical reflection.

LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Individual Assessment Task 1
While mingling with friends at a party, you mention a recent promotion that has placed
you in charge of evaluating bids for a large computer hardware contract. A few days later, you
and your significant other receive an invitation to dinner at the home of a couple you know slightly
who were also at the party. Over cocktails, the conversation turns to the contract you’re
managing. Your host seems remarkably well-informed about the bidding process and likely
bidders. You volunteer information about the potential value of the contract and briefly outline
the criteria your firm will use to select the winner. At the end of the evening, he surprises you
when he reveals that he is a consultant currently working for several of the companies active in
this market. Later that night your mind is racing. Did you reveal the information that can provide
one of the suppliers with competitive advantage? What are the potential business risks and
ethical issues that this situation raises? Should you report the conversation to someone? If so,
to whom and what would you say?
Lifted from Reynold G.W., (2015), Ethics in Information Technology 5th Edition, Cengage Learning, USA

A co-worker calls you at 9 A.M. at work and asks for a favor. He is having a little trouble getting
going this morning and will be an hour or so late getting into work. He explains that he has already
been late for work twice this month and a third time will cost him four hours pay. He asks you
stop by his cubicle, turn on his computer on, and place some papers on the desk so that it looks
like he is “in”. You have worked on some small projects with this co-worker and gone to lunch
together. He seems nice enough and does his share of the work, but you are bit sure what to tell
him. What would you do and why?


Instructions for group composition and submission:
and answer the following questions. Indicate ethical theories where they are applicable. Encode
your final answers in MS Word and submit on or before the given deadline. Each answer should
be a maximum of three sentences only. Check grammar, spelling errors before submitting.
Place group members’ names at the beginning of the page.
Answer the following questions briefly:
1. What makes an ethical person?

2. Identify two famous persons who have held tight to their principles despite conflict and
threats to their safety.
3. Think of an unethical role model for the young individuals like your age in these times?
4. Discuss one of the following topics:
a. Honesty is the best policy.

b. The truth will set you free.
c. Do you consider giving a bribe dishonest if I have to accomplish something?
d. Being honest with yourself and others will make your life simple. Honesty is the best
policy. When you are honest you are less likely to face any difficulties.
e. I try to be honest and treat others as I would like to be treated. I hope that others do
the same. I believe it is very important to have empathy for one another.
f. My family and I haven’t eaten for days and we’re starving, is it acceptable to steal
food from the local supermarket?
g. Taking sick leave or missing classes sometimes and staying off from work even
when not sick. Is this acceptable?
LEARNING CONTENTS: ETHICAL REASONING
Ethical reasoning is how to think about issues of right or wrong. No matter how knowledgeable
one is about their profession, if the knowledge is not backed by ethical reasoning, long-term
success in the career is likely to be severely compromised.
Ethical reasoning is hard because there are so many ways to fail. Ethical behavior is far harder
to display than one would expect simply on the basis of what we learn from our parents, from
school, and from our religious training. To intervene, individuals must go through a series of
steps, and unless all of the steps are completed, they are not likely to behave in an ethical way,
regardless of the amount of training they have received in ethics, and regardless of their levels
of other types of skills.
Consider the skills in this model and how they apply in an ethical dilemma—whether a student,
James, should turn in a fellow student, Ben, whom he saw purchase answers from an upcoming
examination from an ethically compromised Internet site:

1. Recognize that there is an event to which to react.
James has to observe Ben purchase the answers and decide that it is a situation in which
he potentially might have some role other than being a passive observer.
2. Define the event as having an ethical dimension.
James has to define the cheating as unethical. Students do not always see cheating—
such as purchasing answers in advance of a test–as unethical. Many students do so; but
some others may see it as a practical or utilitarian matter. On this view, it is ok if Ben or
anyone else can get away with it.
3. Decide that the ethical dimension is significant.
James has to decide that Ben’s purchasing the answers for the test is a big enough deal
that it is worth James’s paying attention to it. Some students may see Ben's purchase of
the answers as an ethical issue, but not as one of sufficient importance that it is worth
their doing anything about it.
4. Take personal responsibility for generating an ethical solution to the problem.
James may decide that there is an ethical problem here, perhaps even a major big one,
but that the problem is not his concern. For example, James may view it as the teacher’s
responsibility, not his, to do something about Ben. Or James may believe that he cannot
be responsible for the behavior because he doesn’t really know or care much about Ben.
5. Figure out what abstract ethical rule(s) might apply to the problem (including any
codes of ethics relevant to the situation).
What rule applies? If there is no honor code, is there an institutional rule by which James
should turn in Ben? Is he under any obligation? Perhaps James believes, on the contrary,
that the rule is to mind his own business, or to avoid cheating himself, but not to turn in
Ben. Or James may believe that student solidarity takes precedence over turning in
cheaters.
6. Decide how these abstract ethical rules actually apply to the problem so as to
suggest a concrete solution.
Perhaps James believes that, in general, one should turn in cheaters, but that he cannot
apply the rule in this situation, realizing that he could not prove that Ben cheated. After
all, what if the supposed answers are not really answers to the test? Or what if some of
them are wrong? Or perhaps he does not want to try to prove Ben cheated, feeling he
has more important things to do with his time.
7. Prepare to counteract contextual forces that might lead one not to act in an ethical
manner.

James may be reluctant to turn in Ben because he believes that other students, including
but not limited to Ben, will shun him or retaliate against him for being a “snitch.” And of
course, he may be right. Acting ethically often comes at a cost.
8. Act.
In the end, what matters is not how one thinks, but rather what one does. It can be very
difficult to translate thought into action. Nevertheless, the ultimate test of ethical
reasoning is not just in how one thinks, but also in how one acts. James may believe he
should turn in Bill but just not get up the guts actually to do it.
LEARNING ACTIVITIES
You have learned that a friend of yours is developing a worm to attack the administrative systems
of your institution of learning. The worm is “harmless” and will simply cause a message – Let’s
Party! – to be displayed on all workstations connected to the computers on Friday afternoon at
3 P.M. By 4 P.M. the virus will erase itself and destroy all evidence of its presence. What would
you do and why?

SUMMARY
 Ethical theories include Relativism, Divine Command Theory, Ethical Egoism,

Consequentialism, Utilitarianism and Kantianism that serve as guidance, by pointing the
way on questions where we don’t have clear rules and understanding.
 Ethics and morals relate to “right” and “wrong” conduct. While they are sometimes used
interchangeably, they are different: ethics refer to rules provided by an external source,
e.g., codes of conduct in workplaces or principles in religions. Morals refer to an
individual’s own principles regarding right and wrong.
 Ethical reasoning is how to think about issues of right or wrong.
REFERENCES
 Lavina, C.G. (2015). Social, Ethical, Legal and Professional Issues in Computing with
complete explanation of the Philippine. Manila: Cybercrime Laws. Mindshapers Co., Inc.
 Reynold G.W., (2015), Ethics in Information Technology 5th Edition, Cengage Learning,
USA
 Rachels, James (2003). The Elements of Moral Philosophy, Fourth Edition. New York:
McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.
 https://vulms.vu.edu.pk/Courses/ETH202/Downloads/The%20Elements%20of%20Moral
%20Philosophy.pdf
 Based on slides © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-

Wesley
 https://www.cs.ubc.ca/~kevinlb/teaching/cs430%20-%202011-12/lectures/Lect04.pdf
 https://www.slideserve.com/latona/moral-systems-ethical-concepts-theories
 https://www.slideserve.com/sian/an-introduction-to-consequential-and-deontological-
theories-of-ethics
 https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmadisonfessia.weebly.com%
2Fhumanities1.html&psig=AOvVaw1VpqV2yt_fe1mSY3k47Ryd&ust=15939171232100
00&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCJjVre3LsuoCFQAAAAAdAAAAAB
A8
 https://www.diffen.com/difference/Ethics_vs_Morals (Links to an external site.)
 https://ethics.org.au/ethics-morality-law-whats-the-difference/ (Links to an external site.)
 https://www.ideaedu.org/idea-notes-on-learning/developing-ethical-reasoning-and-or-
ethical-decision-making/ (Links to an external site.)
 https://research.ku.edu/sites/research.ku.edu/files/docs/EESE_EthicalDecisionmakingFr
amework.pdf

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FM-AA-CIA-15 Rev.

Study Guide in SP101 – Social and Professional Issues Module No. 1

STUDY GUIDE FOR MODULE NO. 1

MODULE LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of this module, you should be able to:

 Differentiate between the different ethical theories;

LEARNING CONTENTS: COMMON ETHICAL THEORIES

 They identify what it means to do the right thing.

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 1

Study Guide in SP101 – Social and Professional Issues Module No. 1

The Case Versus Subjective Relativism

 Well-meaning and intelligent people disagree on moral issues e.g. Reproductive

Case Versus Cultural Relativism

 It doesn't explain how moral guidelines are determined.

II. Divine Command Theory

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 2

Study Guide in SP101 – Social and Professional Issues Module No. 1

Case Versus Divine Theory

 Base on obedience not reason.

III. Ethical Egoism

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 3

Study Guide in SP101 – Social and Professional Issues Module No. 1

Case Versus Kantianism

 Sometimes no rule adequately characterizes an action.

Individual Assessment Task

Instructions for document format before submission:

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 4

Study Guide in SP101 – Social and Professional Issues Module No. 1

Group Assessment Task 1

Refer to the case scenario:

Instructions for group composition and submission

1. Did Jonah do something wrong?

3. Who was hurt by Jonah’s course of action?

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 5

Study Guide in SP101 – Social and Professional Issues Module No. 1

Group Assessment Task 2

Refer to the case scenario

Instructions for group composition and submission:

Answer the following questions briefly.

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 6

Study Guide in SP101 – Social and Professional Issues Module No. 1

1. Did the anti-spam organization do anything wrong?

LEARNING CONTENTS: CRITICAL REASONING AND MORAL THEORY

Ethics versus Morality Comparison Table

The Concise Oxford Dictionary It is concerned with

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 7

Study Guide in SP101 – Social and Professional Issues Module No. 1

Acceptability Ethics are governed by professional Morality transcends cultural

1. descriptively to refer to certain codes of conduct put forward by a society or a group

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 8

Study Guide in SP101 – Social and Professional Issues Module No. 1

Individual Assessment Task 1

Refer to the case scenario

Instructions for document format before submission:

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 9

Study Guide in SP101 – Social and Professional Issues Module No. 1

Individual Assessment Task 2

Refer to the case scenario

Instructions for document format before submission:

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 10

Study Guide in SP101 – Social and Professional Issues Module No. 1

Group Assessment Task 1

Answer the following questions briefly: