Solution of some 1st order

differential equations

CALENG3
Dr. Susan A. Roces

Department of Chemical Engineering

2T, AY 2022 - 2023

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 Methods of Solutions:

1. Variable Separable
2. Homogenous Differential Equations
3. Exact Differential Equations
4. Linear Differential Equations
5. Bernoulli’s Equations
6. By Sustitution

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 I. Variable Separable
Gen. Form:
M ( x, y) dx + N ( x, y ) dy = 0
Solution:
A( x)B( y ) dx + C ( x)D( y) dy = 0
1
[A( x)B( y) dx + C( x)D( y) dy = 0] B( y) C (x)
A( x) D( y )
dx + dy = 0
∫ C ( x) ∫ B( y )
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 Gen. Solution: F ( x, y ) = c
Examples:
2 2 2 2
1. ( xy + x)dx = ( x y + x + y + 1)dy
[
x( y + 1)dx = x 2 ( y 2 + 1) + ( y 2 + 1) dy ]
2 2
x( y + 1)dx = ( y + 1)(x + 1) dy
1
[x( y + 1)dx − ( y 2 2
+ 1)(x + 1) dy ]
= 0 ( y + 1)( x 2 + 1)
2
x dx ( y + 1) dy Divide!!
∫ 2
x +1
−
∫ y +1
= 0
4
 2
u = x + 1, n = −1
du = 2 xdx
1 2 x dx ⎛ 2 ⎞
− ⎜ y − 1 + ⎟ dy = 0
2 ∫ x 2 + 1 ∫ ⎜⎝ ⎟
y +1⎠
2
1 y
[ 2
2
ln ( x + 1) −
2
]
+ y − 2 ln ( y + 1) = ln c 2
2 2
ln( x + 1) − y + 2 y − 4 ln ( y + 1) = ln c
2 2 4
y − 2 y = ln( x + 1) − ln ( y + 1) − ln c
5
 2 6
2 x +1
y − 2 y = ln 4 Gen. Solution
c ( y + 1)
2
2. x cos y dx + tan y dy = 0
1
[ x cos 2
y dx + tan y dy = 0 ] 2
cos y
tan y
∫x dx +
∫2
cos y
dy = 0
2
∫ x dx + ∫ tan y sec y dy = 0 u = tan y
2
du = sec y dy
 2 2
x tan y c Gen. Solution
+ =
2 2
3. y ' = x e when : x = 0, y = 0
y − x2

dy y − x2
= xe e
dx
y − x2 1
[ dy = x e e dx e y ]
−y − x2
e dy = x e dx
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1 − x2 1 −y
−2 ∫ e (−2) xdx − −1 ∫ e (−1) dy =0
u = −x 2
u = −y
du = −2 xdx du = − dy
1 − x2 −y
e + e = c Gen. Solution
−2
when : x = 0, y = 0
1 −0 2 −0 1 1
c= e + e = + 1=
−2 −2 2

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 Particular solution:
1 − x2 −y 1
e +e =
−2 2
1 1 1 1 ⎛ 1 ⎞
y
= + 2
= ⎜ 1+ x 2 ⎟
e 2 2e x 2 ⎝ e ⎠
1 1 e +1 ⎞
⎛ x2

y
= ⎜
⎜ x 2
⎟
⎟
e 2 ⎝ e ⎠
x2
y 2e
e = x2
e +1
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 x2
y 2e
e = x2
e +1
⎛ 2e x 2 ⎞
y
ln e = ln ⎜
⎜ x 2
⎟
⎟
⎝ e +1 ⎠

x2 ⎛ 2 ⎞
y = ln e + ln ⎜ x 2 ⎟
⎝ e +1 ⎠
2 ⎛ 2 ⎞
y = x + ln ⎜ x 2 ⎟
⎝ e +1 ⎠
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 Seatwork
2
1. (1 − x)y ' = y
⎛1 − x ⎞
Ans. y ln ⎜ ⎟ =1
⎝ c ⎠
3 −x
2. xy dx + (y +1)e dy = 0
x 1 1
Ans. e (x −1) = + 2
+c
y 2y
3. (1+ ln x)dx + (1+ ln y)dy = 0
Ans. x ln x + y ln y = ln c
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 dy
4. = x 2 y 3, y(1) = 3
dx
3
Ans. y =
7 − 6 x3
dy 6x2
5. =
dx 2 y + cos y
2 3
Ans. y + sin y = 2 x + c

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 Assignment 2_Variable Separable
⎛y ⎞
1. dy − ⎜ + y ⎟ dx = 0
⎝x ⎠
Ans. y = c x e x
2. y dx − x dy = x (dy − y dx)
x
Ans. y = c  x e 2

3. (1+ tan y)y ' = x 2 +1

1 3
Ans. y + ln(sec y) = x + x + c
3

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 2 3
4. tan y dy = sin x dx
3
Ans. cos x − 3cos x = 3(tan y − y + c)
5. y ' + 2 y = 0, when x = 0, y = 2
−2 x
Ans. y = 2  e
dy xy + 2 y − x − 2
6.  =
dx xy − 3y + x − 3
2
(y −1)
Ans. x − y = ln 5
c(x − 3)

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