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OKZDC\P KRVC EIGKPCG ,QGMKSG WIN KCXPG OKZD\B OKZDC\PF NM KRVC CKXP \GZDC\FF NKD
ZYIPF .OKKCKJPZGRF ONKD KRC N[P Z\GK OKMGPR OFN[ \GEEGP\FF KCB[P[ ,QGMKS KCXPC
\GRGMRF KZGTK[C OKKCKJPZGR OKZDC\PN QGMKS KCXPC OKZDC\P QKC OKNECFF \B QIC KIMGRF
TGKSF \GZGYP KRKKVBP \MZTFCG (FZGPG OKZCI ,OKZGF) TGKS \GZGYP F[GN[ NB FZHTN \GRVN
\GTXPBC .ZTGR OGEKY ECGT FKF ECNC QGMKSC OKZDC\P KCDN ZYIPC YECR[ USGR TGKS ZGYP .GNNF
"ZTGR OGEKY" \GZDSPC OKNVGJPF QGMKS KCXPC OKZDC\P 211 N[ OFK\GVETF GYECR FRCGP QGNB[
ZYIPF KBXPP .FZHTN TGKS \GZGYP \ZKICC ,OKKCKJPZGR OKZDC\P 271-G ,\GKPGYPF \GKG[ZC
CZYC (OKZGP) OKKNPZGV \GZGYP KRV NT (OKZCIG OKZGF) OKKTCJ \GZGYP N[ FVETF NT GTKCXF
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FBXPR BN OKKCKJPZGRF OKZDC\PF NXB GNKBG ,OKZGFF KRV NT OKZCIF N[ OKKTCJF \GZGYPN
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OKNECF GBXPR ,\BH ECNP .OKZCIFP FMGPR LB ,OKZGFN FPGE FPZC UETGP TGKS ZGYPM ZTGR
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.OKZDC\PN TGKSF QVGBC GNB \GZGYP N[ OEKYV\ NTG TGKSF \GZGYP

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6

    
     
 


395

   

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F(4,469)=4.69, p<.001, 
    

 
   
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F(1,472)=15.82, p<.001, Ç2=.03 
    


 
 
   
   


         
 

   
 
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 %  

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