THE PHRASE STRUCTURE RULE

S = NP + INFL + VP

NP = (Det) (Adj) N (PP) (S)

VP = V (NP) (PP)

PP = P + NP + Adjp + Advp + VP

Adjp = Adv + Adj

Advp = Adv + Adv

S1 = Comp

INFL = AGR + TNS + ASP + M

AGR = Pers + No

TNS = Pres + Past

Modal = Could, May, Can …

3 The teacher came early, taught the class and left at 2pm
 2 The boy completed the work on time but could not submit it
S

S
Con
S j
and S
S

Conj
NP INFL
S VP NP INFL VP S
but
Agr Tns V Advp Agr Tns V NP NP INFL VP
Det N
NP INFL VP Ag Tns V PP
r
Det N Per V Adv NP
Agr No Tns Lex O Per PPNo Lex N
NP Det INFL VP
O Per No Le P Adv
Agr Tns M Neg Vx NP
Det {
Per No Lex N P NP Per No
Pro
3rd Sg Pas
3rd Sg Past 3rd Sg Past t

The teacher come early teach the class leave at 2pm

3rd Sg Past 3rd Sg Past

The boy Affix Hoppingcomplete the work on time O can not submit it
AGR + TNS + Come = Came
Affix Hopping
3rd,Sg (past)
AGR++TNS
AGR TNS++Teach
Complete = Completed
= Taught
3rd,Sg
3rd, (past)
Sg (past)
AGR++TNS
AGR TNS++Leave
M = Could
= Left
3rd,Sg
3rd, Sg(past)
(past)

AGR + TNS + Neg = Not

3rd, Sg (past)

AGR + TNS + Submit = Submit

 1 If I were you, I would read hard before the exams.

S
S1

S NP VP
Comp INFL
Agr Tns M V PP
NP INFL VP Advp
Agr Tns V NP Pro Per No P NP
{ {
Pro Per No Adv
Det N
Pro

1st Sg Past

1st Sg Past

If I be you I will read hard before the exam

AGR + TNS + Subjunctive + Be = Were

3rd,Sg (past)

AGR + TNS + Will + Read = Would Read

3rd, Sg (past)
 4 The students passed the exams because they prepared well for it.

Conj
S
S

NP because
INFL VP

Det N Agr Tns V Np NP INFL VP

Agr Tns V Advp
Det N
Per No Lex Det Per
No Lex Adv PP

P Np

Pro
3rd Plr Past
3rd Plr Past (ed)
(ed)
The students pass the exams they prepare well for it

Affix Hopping

AGR + TNS + Pass = Passed

3rd,Sg (past)

AGR + TNS + Prepare = Prepared

3rd, Sg (past)