5.

5 Assignment:
Native American
Civil Rights Era
Timeline
By Caleb Williams
Indian Citizenship Act (1924)

● On June 2nd, 1924,

Congress passed the
Indian Citizenship Act
● This act granted
citizenship to all Native
Americans who were
born in the United
States
● The right to vote was
not governed by this act
but by state law, leading
some Native Americans
to be unable to vote for
years.
Indian Reorganization Act (1934)
● The Indian
Reorganization Act
was signed into law
by President
Franklin D.
Roosevelt in 1934
● The law was
designed to extend
rights to business
and a credit system
to Native
Americans, as well
as providing
education and home
sovereignty.
Trujillo v. Garley (1940)

● Miguel Trujillo was a

Marine who served
in WWII. He was also
a member of the
Isleta Pueblo in New
Mexico.
● Upon his return
home, he was denied
voting rights due to
his “Indian Not
Taxed” status.
● This lead to an
appeal, which he
won.
Founding of National Indian
Youth Council (1961)
● The National Indian Youth
Council (NIYC) was
established in 1961.
● It was founded by John
Redhouse of the Navajo,
Clyde Warrior of the Ponca,
Shirley Witt of the
Akwesasne, Mel Thom of
the River Paiute, and Herb
Blachford of the Navajo
● The NIYC advocated for
the preservation of Native
American rights and was
able to stop a $6 billion
dollar coal extraction
operation on Navajo land
American Indian Movement
(1968)
● The American Indian
Movement (AIM)
began in 1968.
● It was founded by
Native American
activists to improve
living conditions for
Natives in the cities.
Occupation of Alcatraz (1969)

● On November 9,
1969, a group of
Native American
activists led by
Richard Oakes, an
Akwesasne Mohawk,
occupied Alcatraz
island
● The occupation of
Alcatraz lasted until
June 11 of 1971.
The Longest Walk (1978)
● The Longest Walk was
a protest march that
occurred in 1978 to
protest threats to
tribal land,
sovereignty, and
water rights.
● The Longest Walk was
the last major event in
the Red Power
movement, a
movement led by
Native youth to help
increase powers of
self-determination for
Native Americans.
American Indian Religious
Freedom Act (1978)
● The American Indian
Religious Freedom Act
(AIRFA) was created
to preserve Native
American religious
culture
● This act represents a
major shift in US
policy away from
suppression and
towards preservation
of Native culture