M10: Application of Derivatives

Concept Class Summary

1. Derivative as a rate measure:

dy
a) If a quantity ‘y’ varies with another quantity ‘x’, satisfying some rule y = f (x), then or
dx
dy 
f '(x) represents the rate of change of y w.r.to x and or f '(x 0 ) represents the rate of
dx  x = x 0
change of ‘y’ w.r.to ‘x’ at x = x 0 .
b) If ‘s’ is the displacement of a particle in time ‘t’, v is the velocity and a is the acceleration then
ds dv d 2s
i) Velocity, v = ii) Acceleration, a = = 2
dt dt dt

2. Tangents and Normals:

a) Let P(x1, y1) be a point on the curve y = f(x). Then
 dy 
(i)  dx  = Slope of the tangent to the curve y = f(x) at P(x1, y1).
  (x1 , y1 )
(ii) Equation of the tangent to the curve at (x1, y1) is
 dy 
y – y1 = m(x – x1) where m =  
 dx ( x1 ,y1 )
(iii) Equation of the normal at (x1, y1) is
1  dy 
y – y1 = - (x – x1) where m =  
m  dx ( x1 ,y1 )
Note:
dy
i) If = 0 then tangent is parallel to x-axis.
dx
dy
ii) If = ∞ then tangent is perpendicular to x-axis.
dx
b) Angle between two curves:
Angle between two curves is the angle between the tangents to the two curves at their point of
intersection.
If θ is the acute angle between two curves at a point of intersection (x1, y1) then
m1 − m 2  dy 
tan θ = where m1=   for the first curve
1 + m1m 2  dx ( x1 ,y1 )
 dy 
m2 =   for the second curve
 dx ( x1 ,y1 )
Note : i) If m1 = m2 then the two curves touch each other.
ii) If m1m2 = -1 then the two curves cut orthogonally.
3. Rolle’s and Mean value theorem:
a) Rolle’s theorem:
Let f : [ a, b ] → R be a real valued function such that
(i) f (x) is continuous in [a, b]
(ii) f (x) is differentiable in (a, b)
(iii) f (a) = f (b), where a and b are some real numbers
Then there exists at least one point x = c ∈ (a, b) such that f ' (c) = 0
EXPERT 60
 b) Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorem:
Let f : [ a, b ] → R be a real valued function such that
(i) f (x) is continuous in [a, b]
(ii) f (x) is differentiable in (a, b)
f (b) − f (a )
Then there exists at least one point x = c ∈ (a, b) such that f ' ( c ) =
b−a
4. Approximations:
Let y = f (x). Let δx be a small change in x and δy be the corresponding small change in y.
Then
 dy 
(i) dy =   δx (ii) f (x + δx) ≈ f (x) + f '(x)δx
 dx 
5. Increasing and Decreasing functions

a) Let I be an interval contained in the domain of a real valued function f. Then, f is said to be
(i) increasing on I if x1 < x2 in I  f(x1) ≤ f(x2) for all x1, x2 ∈ I.
(ii) strictly increasing on I if x1 < x2 in I  f(x1) < f(x2) for all x1, x2 ∈ I.
(iii) decreasing on I if x1 < x2 in I  f(x1) ≥ f(x2) for all x1, x2 ∈ I.
(iv) strictly decreasing on I if x1 < x2 in I  f(x1) > f(x2) for all x1, x2 ∈ I.
b) Let f be continuous on [a, b] and differentiable on the open interval (a, b). Then,
(i) f is strictly increasing in [a, b] if f ' (x) > 0 for each x ∈ (a, b)
(ii) f is strictly decreasing in [a, b] if f ' (x) < 0 for each x ∈ (a, b)
(iii) f is a constant function in [a, b] if f ' (x) = 0 for each x ∈ (a, b)
6. Maxima and Minima
a) Let f be a function defined on an interval I. Then,
(i) f is said to have a maximum value in I, if there exists point c in I such that f (c) > f (x),
for all x ∈ I. The number f (c) is called the maximum value of f in I and the point c is
called a point of maximum value of f in I.
(ii) f is said to have a minimum value in I, if there exists a point c in I such that f (c) < f (x),
for all x ∈ I. The number f (c), in this case, is called the minimum value of f in I and the
point c, in this case, is called a point of minimum value of f in I.
(iii) f is said to have an extreme value in I if there exists a point c in I such that f(c) is either a
maximum value or a minimum value of f in I. The number f (c), in this case, is called an extreme
value of f in I and the point c is called an extreme point.
b) Local maxima and local minima:
Let f be a real valued function and let c be an interior point in the domain of f. Then
(i) c is called a point of local maxima if there is an h > 0 such that f(c) > f(x), for all x in
(c-h, c+h). The value f(c) is called the local maximum value of f.
(ii) c is called a point of local minima if there is an h > 0 such that f(c) < f(x), for all x in
(c-h, c+h). The value f(c) is called the local minimum value of f.
c) Critical point:
The roots of f ' (x) = 0 are called critical points or stationary points or turning points of f (x).
If f ' (a) = 0 then x = a is called a critical point.

Note: Suppose f (x) is defined at x = a, but f ' (a) does not exist, then x = a is also called a critical
point.
d) First derivative test:
Let f be a function defined on an open interval I. Let f be continuous at a critical point c in I.
Then
(i) If f '(x) changes sign from positive to negative as x increases through c, i.e., if f '(x) > 0 at
every point sufficiently close to and to the left of c, and if f '(x) < 0 at every point sufficiently

61 Mathematics KCET
 close to and to the right of c, then c is a point of local maxima and f(c) is the local maximum
value of f.
(ii) If f '(x) changes sign from negative to positive as x increases through c, i.e., if f '(x) < 0 at
every point sufficiently close to and to the left of c, and if f '(x) > 0 at every point sufficiently
close to and to the right of c, then c is a point of local minima and f(c) is the local minimum value
of f.
(iii) If f '(x) does not change sign as x increases through c, then c is neither a point of local
maxima nor a point of local minima. Infact, such a point is called point of inflection.
e) Second derivative test:
Let f be a function defined on an interval I and let c ∈ I. Let f be twice differentiable at c. Then,
(i) x = c is a point of local maxima if f '(c) = 0 and f ''(c) < 0
The value f(c) is called the local maximum value of f.
(ii) x = c is a point of local minima if f '(c) = 0 and f ''(c) > 0
The value f(c) is called the local maximum value of f.
(iii) The test fails if f '(c) = 0 and f ''(c) = 0 .
In this case, we go back to the first derivative test and find whether c is a point of local maxima,
local minima or a point of inflection.
Note:
If f '' (c) = 0 and f ''' (c) ≠ 0 then x = c is a point of inflection for f.

f) Higher order derivative test:

If f ' (c) = f '' (c) = f ''' (c) = …….. = fn-1 (c) = 0 and fn (c) ≠ 0 then
i) If ‘n’ is even and fn (c) < 0 then x = c is a point of local maximum
ii) If ‘n’ is even and fn (c) > 0 then x = c is a point of local minimum
iii) If n is odd, then x = a is a point of inflexion.

Illustration:
Let f (x) = x4 . Then f ' (x) = 4x3
 f ' (x) = 0  4x3 = 0  x = 0
Now f '' (x) = 12x2 and f ''' (x) = 24x and f4 (x) = 24 and f '' (0) = f ''' (0) = 0 and f 4 (0) ≠ 0
Also f 4(0) = 24 > 0 and hence f (x) = x4 attains minimum at x = 0.

g) Working rule to find Absolute maxima and Absolute minima:

Step 1: Find all critical points of f in the interval, i.e., find points x where either f '(x) = 0
or f is not differentiable.
Step 2: Take the end points of the interval
Step 3: At all these points (listed in Step 1 and Step 2), calculate the values of f.
Step 4: Identify the maximum and minimum values of ‘f ’ out of the values calculated in
Step 3. This maximum value will be the absolute maximum(greatest) value of f and
the minimum value will be the absolute minimum (least) value of f.
h) Greatest and least values of f on an open interval
Let f be a continuous function defined on (a, b). If f has only one extreme point in (a, b), then f
has greatest or least value at that point over (a, b) according as the point is a local maximum or
local minimum.
Note:
Every continuous function on a closed interval attains its maximum and minimum.

CET Shortcuts:
1. For a conic, the equation of tangent at P ( x1 , y1 ) can be easily obtained by replacing
x + x1 y + y1 xy + x y
x 2 by xx1 , y2 by yy1 , x by , y by , xy by 1 1 and keeping the constant
2 2 2
unchanged.
EXPERT 62
 Illustration:
The equation of the tangent to the curve y 2 = 8x at (2, 4) is
1) x + y + 2 = 0 2) x − y + 2 = 0 3) x + y − 6 = 0 4) x + y + 6 = 0
Ans: (2)
 x + x1  x+2
Equation of tangent will be yy1 = 8   i.e, y ( 4 ) = 8   x−y+2=0
 2   2 
a
2. Condition for a line y = mx + c to be a tangent to the parabola y 2 = 4ax is c = .
m
Illustration:
If the line y = 2x + k is a tangent to the curve y 2 = 12x , then k =
2 3
1) 1 2) 3) 4) 3
3 2
Ans: (3)
Here m = 2, c = k and a = 3
a 3
Condition is c =  k =
m 2
x + bx + c
2

3. a) f (x) = 2 ( b,c > 0 ) attains maximum at x = c and minimum at x = − c .

x − bx + c
The maximum and minimum values are given by f ( c ) and f ( − c ) respectively.
(
Also it is increasing in − c, c . )
x 2 − bx + c
b) f (x) = ( b,c > 0 ) attains minimum at x = c and maximum at x = − c .
x 2 + bx + c
The minimum and maximum values are given by f ( c ) and f ( − c ) respectively.
(
Also it is decreasing in − c, c . )
Illustration:
x 2 + 2x + 9
The minimum value of is
x 2 − 2x + 9
1 1
1) 2 2) 1 3) 4)
2 3
Ans: (3)
Using CET shortcut 3 a),
x 2 + 2x + 9
f (x) = 2 . Here c = 9
x − 2x + 9
f (x) is minimum at x = − c = −3
9−6+9 1
∴Minimum value = f ( −3 ) = =
9+6+9 2
4. a) Minimum value of f (x) = ae + be ( ab > 0 ) is 2 ab.
x −x

 π
b) Minimum value of f (x) = a cot x + b tan x in  0,  is 2 ab.
 2
c) Minimum value of f (x) = a 2 sec2 x + b2 cos ec2 x ( a, b > 0 ) is ( a + b ) .
2

d) The maximum and minimum values of a cos x + b sin x are respectively a 2 + b 2 and
− a 2 + b2 .

63 Mathematics KCET
 e) The maximum and minimum values of a cos x + b sin x + c are respectively c + a 2 + b 2 and
c − a 2 + b2 .
f) If a > b, then maximum and minimum values of a sin 2 x + b cos 2 x , are ‘a’ and ‘b’
respectively.
4ac − b 2
g) (i) The minimum value of ax + bx + c, ( a > 0 ) is
2
.
4a
4ac − b 2
(ii) The maximum value of ax 2 + bx + c, ( a < 0 ) is
4a
ax + bx + c
2
b
h) f (x) = 2 , attains maximum (or minimum) at x = − , if c > c' ( or c < c') .
ax + bx + c ' 2a
b 2 − 4ac
The corresponding maximum (or minimum) value is given by 2 .
b − 4ac '
Illustration 1:
Minimum value of 2ex + e− x is
1) 2 2 2) 3 2 3) e 4) e 2
Ans: (1)
Using CET shortcut 4 a),
Here a = 2, b = 1
Minimum value = 2 ab = 2 2 × 1 = 2 2
Illustration 2:
4x 2 + 7x + 10
If ‘x’ is real, the maximum value of is
4x 2 + 7x + 4
3 111 211 9
1) 2) 3) 4)
4 15 30 8
Ans: (2)
4x 2 + 7x + 10 b 7
f (x) = , this attains maximum at x = − = − and maximum value is
4x + 7x + 4
2
2a 8
b − 4ac 49 − 160 111
2
= =
b 2 − 4ac ' 49 − 64 15
5. a) Of all the rectangles that can be inscribed in a given circle, square has the largest area,
whose length of the diagonal is the diameter of the circle.
b) Of all the rectangles of a given perimeter ‘p’ the square has the largest area, with length of
p
the side .
4
c) Of all the rectangles of given Area ‘A’ the square has the least perimeter, with length of
the side A .
Illustration:
The dimensions of a rectangle of maximum area having a perimeter of 24 ft are
1) 6, 6 2) 8, 4 3) 7, 5 4) 6, 7
Ans: (1)
Using CET shortcut 5 b)
p 24
Rectangle must be a square of side = =6
4 4
Hence the dimensions are 6,6

EXPERT 64
 Multiple Choice Questions

1. The rate of change of volume of a sphere with respect to its surface area when the radius is 4 cm
is (NCERT)(2017)
1) 6 cm3/cm2 2) 8 cm3/cm2 3) 2 cm3/cm2 4) 4 cm3/cm2
2. A ladder, 5 meter long, standing on a horizontal floor, leans against a vertical wall. If the top of
the ladder slides downwards at the rate of 10 cm/sec, then the rate at which the angle between the
floor and the ladder is decreasing when lower end of ladder is 2 meters from the wall is:
(NCERT)
1 1
1) radian/sec 2) radian/sec
10 20
3) 20 radian/sec 4) 10 radian/sec
3. Twenty meters of wire is available for fencing off a flower bed in the form of a circular sector.
Then the maximum area (in sq. m) of the flower bed, is (JEE Main 17)
1) 30 2) 12.5 3) 10 4) 25
4. The line y = mx + 1 is a tangent to the curve y2 = 4x if the value of m is (NCERT)
1
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4)
2
5. The equation of normal to the curve 3x2 – y2 = 8 which is parallel to the line x + 3y = 8 is
(NCERT)
1) 3x – y = 8 2) 3x + y + 8 = 0
3) x + 3y ± 8 = 0 4) x + 3y = 0
π
6. The point on the curve y2 = x where the tangent makes an angle of with X– axis is
4
(NCERT, KCET 17)
2)  ,  4)  , 
1 1 1 1
1) (4, 2) 3) (1, 1)
4 2 2 4
1
7. The curve y = x5
has at (0, 0) (NCERT)
1) A vertical tangent 2) A horizontal tangent
3) An oblique tangent 4) No tangent
8. The slope of the tangent to the curve x = t2 + 3t – 8, y = 2t2 – 2t – 5 at the point (2, -1) is
(NCERT, KCET 16)

6 6 22 7
1) 2) − 3) 4)
7 7 7 6
3 2 2 3
9. The two curves x – 3xy + 2 = 0 and 3x y – y = 2 (NCERT, KCET 15, 16)
π π
1) cut at angle 2) touch each other 3) cut at angle 4) cut at right angle
3 4
1
10. For the function f(x) = x + , x ∈ [1, 3], the value of c for mean value theorem is
x
(NCERT)
1) 1 2) 3 3) 2 4) None of these
11. On which of following intervals is the function f given by f (x) = x100 + sin x – 1 strictly
decreasing? (NCERT)
π   π
1) (0, 1) 2)  , π  3)  0,  4) None of these
2   2

65 Mathematics KCET
12. The function f (x) = 4 sin3 x – 6 sin2 x + 12 sin x + 100 is strictly
 3π  π 
1) increasing in  π,  2) decreasing in  , π 
 2  2 
 −π π   π
3) decreasing in  ,  4) decreasing in 0, 
 2 2  2
2 -x
13. The interval in which y = x e is increasing is (NCERT)
1) (-∞, ∞) 2) (-2, 0) 3) (2, ∞) 4) (0, 2)
14. The point on the curve x2 = 2y which is nearest to the point (0, 5) is (NCERT)
1) (2 2 , 4) 2) (2 2 , 0) 3) (0, 0) 4) (2, 2)
1 − x + x2
15. For all real values of x, the minimum value of is (NCERT)
1 + x + x2
1
1) 0 2) 1 3) 3 4)
3
x
The maximum value of   is
1
16. (NCERT, KCET 18)
x
1/ e
e 1/e 1
1) e 2) e 3) e 4)  
e
17. Maximum slope of the curve y = - x3 + 3x2 + 9x – 27 is: (NCERT)
1) 0 2) 12 3) 16 4) 32
1

18. The maximum value of  x ( x − 1) + 1 , 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 is

3
(NCERT)
1

 1 3 1
1)   2) 3) 1 4)0
3 2
19. The maximum area of a rectangle inscribed in the circle (x + 1)2 + (y – 3)2 = 64 is
(KCET 18)
1) 64 sq. units 2) 72 sq. units 3) 128 sq. units 4) 8 sq. units
20. If x = -1 and x = 2 are extreme points of f(x) = α log |x| + βx2 + x then
(JEE Main 14)
1 1 1 1
1) α = 2, β = − 2) α = 2, β = 3) α = −6, β = 4) α = −6, β = −
2 2 2 2
π
21. The tangent to the curve given by x = et. cost, y = et. sint at t = makes with x-axis an angle :
4
(NCERT)
π π π
1) 0 2) 3) 4)
4 3 2
22. The value of c in Lagrange’s mean value theorem for the function f(x) = x3 – 4x2 + 8x + 11,
when x ∈ [0, 1] is: (JEE Main 20)
2 7 −2 4− 5 4− 7
1) 2) 3) 4)
3 3 3 3
23. The approximate value of tan(45030') given 10 = 0.0175 radians, is
1) 1.0187 2) 1.1870 3)1.0716 4) 1.0175
24. A cylindrical tank of radius 10 m is being filled with wheat at the rate of 314 cubic metre per
hour. Then the depth of the wheat is increasing at the rate of (NCERT)
1) 1m/h 2) 0.1 m/h 3) 1.1 m/h 4) 0.5 m/h
25. The rate of change of the area of a circle with respect to its radius r at r = 6 cm is
(NCERT)
1) 10π 2) 12π 3) 8π 4) 11π

EXPERT 66
26. The sides of an equilateral triangle are increasing at the rate of 2 cm/sec. The rate at which the
area increases, when side is 10 cm is: (NCERT)
10
1) 10 cm2/s 2) 3 cm2/s 3) 10 3 cm2/s 4) cm2/s
3
27. The total revenue in Rupees received from the sale of x units of a product is given by
R(x) = 3x2 + 36x + 5. The marginal revenue, when x = 15 is (NCERT)
1) 116 2) 96 3) 90 4) 126
28. The equation of tangent to the curve y (1 + x2) = 2 - x, where it crosses x-axis is
(NCERT)
1) x + 5y = 2 2) x – 5y = 2
3) 5x – y = 2 4) 5x + y = 2
29. The abscissa of the point on the curve 3y = 6x – 5x3, the normal at which passes through origin
is: (NCERT)
1 1
1) 1 2) 3) 2 4)
3 2
30. The equation of the normal to the curve y = sin x at (0, 0) is: (NCERT)
1) x = 0 2) y = 0 3) x + y = 0 4) x – y = 0
31. The point at which the tangents to the curve y = x3 – 12x + 18 are parallel to X - axis are:
(NCERT)
1) (2, -2), (-2, -34) 2) (2, 34), (-2, 0)
3) (0, 34), (-2, 0) 4) (2, 2), (-2, 34)
32. The tangent to the curve y = e2x at the point (0, 1) meets x – axis at : (NCERT)
 1 
1) (0, 1) 2)  − ,0  3) (2,0) 4) (0,2)
 2 
33. If the curve ay + x2 = 7 and x3 = y, cut orthogonally at (1, 1), then the value of a is:
(NCERT)
1) 1 2) 0 3) -6 4) 6
34. The value of c in Rolle’s Theorem for the function f(x) = ex sin x, x∈[0, π] is (NCERT)
π π π 3π
1) 2) 3) 4)
6 4 2 4
35. If f (x) = 3x2 + 15x + 5, then the approximate value of f (3.02) is (NCERT)
1) 47.66 2) 57.66 3) 67.66 4) 77.66
36. The approximate change in the volume of a cube of side x meters caused by increasing the side
by 3% is (NCERT)
1) 0.06 x3 m3 2) 0.6 x3 m3 3) 0.09 x3 m3 4) 0.9 x3 m3
37. If y = x4 – 10 and if x changes from 2 to 1.99, what is the change in y ? (NCERT)
1) 0.32 2) 0.032 3) 5.68 4) 5.968
 π
38. Which of the following functions are strictly decreasing on  0,  ? (NCERT)
 2
1) sin x 2) cos 2x 3) cos 3x 4) tan x
39. Let the f: R →R be defined by f(x) = 2x + cos x, then f (NCERT)
1) has a minimum at x = 0 2) has a maximum at x = 0
3) is a decreasing function 4) is an increasing function
40. y = x (x – 3)2 decreases for the values of x given by: (NCERT)
3
1) 1 < x < 3 2) x < 0 3) x > 0 4) 0 < x <
2
41. The smallest value of the polynomial x3 – 18x2 + 96x in [0, 9] is (NCERT)
1) 126 2) 0 3) 135 4) 160
42. The maximum value of sin x . cos x is (NCERT)
1 1
1) 2) 3) 2 4) 2 2
4 2
43. If x is real, the minimum value of x2 – 8x + 17 is (NCERT)
1) -1 2) 0 3) 1 4) 2
67 Mathematics KCET
44. The slope of the normal to the curve y = 2x2 + 3 sin x at x = 0 is (NCERT)
1 1
1) 3 2) 3) -3 4) -
3 3
2
45. The line y = x + 1 is a tangent the curve y = 4x at the point (NCERT)
1) (1, 2) 2) (2, 1) 3) (1, -2) 4) (-1, 2)
46. The normal at the point (1, 1) on the curve 2y + x2 = 3 is (NCERT)
1) x + y = 0 2) x – y = 0 3) x + y + 1 = 0 4) x – y = 1
47. The point on the curve 9y2 = x3, where the normal to the curve makes equal intercepts with the
axes are (NCERT)
 8  8  3  3
1)  4, ±  2)  4, −  3)  4, ±  4)  ±4, 
 3  3  8  8
48. The value c in Mean value theorem for the function f(x) = x (x-2), x∈[1, 2] is (NCERT)
3 2 1 −3
1) 2) 3) 4)
2 3 2 2
3
49. The value of c in Rolle’s theorem for the function f(x) = x –3x in the interval [0, 3 ] is
(NCERT)
3 1
1) 1 2) -1 3) 4)
2 3
 π
50. Which of the following functions are strictly decreasing on  0,  ? (NCERT)
 2
1) cos x 2) sin 2x 3) cos 3x 4) tan x
51. The function f(x) = tan x – x (NCERT)
1) Always increases 2) Always decreases
3) Never increases 4) Sometimes increases and sometimes decreases
52. The interval on which the function f(x) = 2x3 + 9x2 + 12x – 1 is decreasing is: (NCERT)
1) [-1, ∞) 2) [-2, -1] 3) (-∞, -2] 4) [-1, 1]
5π
53. At x = , f(x) = 2 sin 3x + 3 cos 3x is: (NCERT)
6
1) maximum 2) minimum
3) Zero 4) Neither maximum nor minimum
54. The function f(x) = 2x3 – 3x2 – 12x + 4, has (NCERT)
1) Two points of local maximum 2) Two points of local minimum
3) One maxima and one minima 4) No maxima or minima
55. The normal at the point (1, 2) on the curve x2 = 4y is (NCERT)
1) x + y = 3 2) x – y = 3 3) x + y = 1 4) x – y = 1

Previously asked Questions from KCET

1. If f (x) = x3 and g (x) = x3– 4x in −2 ≤ x ≤ 2, then consider the statements:

(a) f (x) and g (x) satisfy mean value theorem (2014)
(b) f (x) and g (x) both satisfy Rolle’s theorem
(c) Only g (x) satisfies Rolle’s theorem.
Of these statements
1) (a) and (b) are correct 2) (a) alone is correct
3) None is correct 4) (a) and (c) are correct
2. A stone is dropped into a quiet lake and waves move in circles at the speed of 5 cm/sec. At that
instant, when the radius of circular wave is 8 cm, how fast is the enclosed area increasing?
(2014)
8
1) 6πcm2/s 2) 8πcm2/s 3) cm2/s 4) 80πcm2/s
3
EXPERT 68
3. The two curves x3– 3xy2 + 2 = 0 and 3x2y – y3 = 2 (2015, 2016)
π
1) cut at angle 2) touch each other
3
π
3) cut at angle 4) cut at right angle
4
1
4. Slope of Normal to the curve y = x2 - at (-1, 0) is (2015)
x2
1 1
1) 4 2) 3) -4 4) -
4 4
5. A balloon which always remains spherical is being inflated by pumping in 10 cubic centimetres
of gas per second. Find the rate at which the radius of the balloon is increasing when the radius is
15 cms. (2015)
1 1 1 1
1) cm/sec 2) cm / sec 3) cm/sec 4) cm/sec
30π 90π π 9π
6. The slope of the tangent to the curve x = t2 + 3t – 8, y = 2t2– 2t – 5 at the point (2, - 1) is
(2016)
6 −6 22 7
1) 2) 3) 4)
7 7 7 6
7. The equation of the normal to the curve y( 1 + x2) = 2 – x where the tangent crosses x – axis is
(2016)
1) x – 5y – 10 = 0 2) x + 5y + 10 = 0 3) 5x – y – 10 = 0 4) 5x + y + 10 = 0
8. The rate of change of volume of a sphere with respect to its surface area when the radius is 4 cm
is (2017)
3 2 3 2 3 2
1) 6 cm /cm 2) 8 cm /cm 3) 2 cm /cm 4) 4 cm3/cm2
9. The function f(x) = x2 + 2x – 5 is strictly increasing in the interval (2017)
1) (-∞, -1) 2) (-∞, -1] 3) [-1, ∞) 4) (-1, ∞)
10. The value of c in Mean value theorem for the function f(x) = x2 in [2, 4] is (2017)
7
1) 4 2) 2 3) 4) 3
2
π
11. The point on the curve y2 = x where the tangent makes an angle of with X – axis is
4
(2017)
1 1 1 1
1) (4, 2) 2)  ,  3) (1, 1) 4)  , 
4 2 2 4
x
1
12. The maximum value of   is (2018)
x
1) e 2) ee 3) e1/e 4) 0
13. f (x) = xx has stationary point at (2018)
1
1) x = e 2) x = 3) x = 1 4) x = e
e
14. The maximum area of a rectangle inscribed in the circle (x + 1)2 + (y + 3)2 = 64 is
(2018)
1) 64 sq. units 2) 72 sq. units 3) 128 sq. units 4) 8 sq. units
15. The interval in which the function f (x) = x3– 6x2 + 9x + 10 is increasing in
(2019)
1) [1, 3] 2) (-∞, 1) ∪ (3, ∞)
3) (-∞, -1] ∪ [3, ∞) 4) (-∞, 1] ∪ [3, ∞)
16. The sides of an equilateral triangle are increasing at the rate of 4 cm/sec. The rate at which its
area is increasing, when the side is 14 cm. (2019)
2 2 2
1) 42 cm /sec 2) 10 3 cm /sec 3) 14 cm /sec 4)14 3 cm2/sec

69 Mathematics KCET
17. The value of 24.99 is (2019)
1) 5.001 2) 4.999 3) 4.897 4) 4.899
18. If the curves 2x = y2 and 2xy = k intersect perpendicularly, then the value of k2 is (2020)
1) 2 2) 8 3) 4 4) 2 2
log e x
19. The maximum value of , if x > 0 is (2020)
x
1 1
1) 2) − 3) e 4) 1
e e
20. If the side of a cube is increased by 5% then the surface area of a cube is increased by
(2020)
1) 6% 2) 20% 3) 10% 4) 60%

Key & Solutions to MCQ’s

1. Ans: (3)
dV
= ? r = 4 cm
ds
4
V= πr3, s = 4πr2
3
dV ds
= 4πr2, = 8πr
dr dr
dV r dV 
∴ =   = 2 cm3/cm2
ds 2 ds  r =4
2. Ans: (2)
y
sin θ =
500
dθ 1 dy 200 dθ 1
diff w.r.to t  cos θ =  = ( −10)
dt 500 dt 500 dt 500
dθ −1
∴ = radian/sec
dt 20
3. Ans: (4)
20 − 2r
r + r + rθ = 20 θ =
r
1 2 1  20 − 2r 
A= r θ = r2  
2 2  r 
A = 10r – r2
dA
= 10 – 2r
dr
dA
=0r=5
dr
When r = 5, A = 25
4. Ans: (1)
Using CET shortcut 2,
y = mx + 1….(1) y2 = 4x….(2)
Here c = 1, a = 1 and m = m
a 1
c= 1 = m=1
m m

EXPERT 70
 (Or)
y = mx + 1….(1) y2 = 4x….(2)
2
Differentiating (2) w.r.to x, we get 2y.y ' = 4  y ' =
y
2 2 1 2 1
m= y= ∴x= 2 [From(2)]  = m. 2 + 1 m = 1.
y m m m m
5. Ans: (3)
Given curve is 3x2 – y2 = 8
6x 3x
On differentiating w.r.to x we get 6x – 2yy ' = 0  y ' = = = slope of tangent
2y y
−y
∴ Slope of normal =
3x
−y −1
Given that normal is parallel to x + 3y = 8 ∴ = y=x
3x 3
1
Sub in 3x2 – y2 = 8 we get x = ± 2 and y = ± 2. Also m = − .
3
Hence, equation of the tangents are,
−1 −1
y–2= (x – 2) y+2= (x + 2)
3 3
 x + 3y – 8 = 0 x + 3y + 8 = 0
6. Ans: (2)
π π
Given that y2 = x ….(1) and θ = ∴ m = tan =1
4 4
1
On differentiating (1) w.r.to x we get , y ' = =m
2y
1 1 1 1 1
∴ = 1  y = and from (1) we get x = ∴ Point is  ,  .
2y 2 4 4 2
7. Ans: (1)
y = x1/5
1 dy 1
y '= 4/5
 = = ∞  Vertical tangent.
5x dx ( 0, 0) 0
8. Ans: (1)
Given that x = t2 + 3t – 8….(1) and y = 2t2 – 2t – 5….(2)
 dy 
  4t − 2
=  =
dy dt
dx  dx  2t + 3
 
 dt 
At (2, -1),
2 = t2 + 3t – 8  t2 + 3t – 10 = 0  t = -5, t = 2
But t = −5 does not satisfy (2) [i.e, -1 ≠ 50 + 10 – 5]. Hence t = 2.
dy 6
∴ Slope of the tangent = =
dx t =2 7
9. Ans: (4)
x3 – 3xy2 + 2 = 0 3x2y – y3 = 2
Diff w.r.to x Diff w.r.to x
2 2
3x – 3 (2xyy ' + y ) = 0 3( x 2 y'+ y.2x ) − 3y2 y' = 0

71 Mathematics KCET
 x 2 − y2 −2xy
 y' = = m1  y' = =m
2xy ( x 2 − y2 ) 2
We find that m1 m2 = -1 ∴ The curves cut at right angle.
10. Ans: (2)
1 1
f (x) = x +  f '(x) = 1 − 2
x x
 1
 3+ − 2
f (b) − f (a)
1 - 2 = 
1 3 1 2
According to LMVT, f ' ( c ) =  1− 2 =
b−a c 2 c 3
 c = ± 3 ∴ c = 3 ∈ (1, 3).
11. Ans: (4)
f (x) = x100 + sin x – 1
f ' (x) = 100 x99 + cos x
If x ∈ (0, 1) , f ' (x) > 0
π 
If x ∈  , π  , f ' (x) > 0
2 
 π
If x ∈  0,  . f ' (x) > 0
 2
12. Ans: (2)
f (x) = 4 sin3 x – 6 sin2 x + 12 sin x + 100
f ' (x) = 12 sin2 x cos x – 12 sin x cos x + 12 cos x
= 12 cos x [sin2 x – sin x + 1]
∀ x ∈ R, sin2 x ≥ 0 and 1 – sin x ≥ 0
∴ sin2 x – sin x + 1 ≥ 0
f ' (x) is –ve if cos x is –ve
f ' (x) is +ve if cos x is +ve
 3π  π 
In  π,  cos x is –ve In  , π  cos x is – ve
 2  2 
∴ f ' (x) ≤ 0 ∴ f (x) ↓ ∴ f ' (x) < 0 Hence f (x) ↓
13. Ans: (4)
y = x2 e-x
dy
= x 2e− x ( −1) + e − x ( 2x )
dx
dy
= e-x x (-x + 2)
dx
dy
= 0  e-x x (2 – x) = 0
dx
 x = 0, x = 2
dy -1
when x = 1, = e (-1 + 2) > 0
dx
∴ f (x) is ↑ in (0, 2)
14. Ans: (1)
x2 = 2y. Let D = (0, 5)
By inspection, A (2 2 , 4), B (0, 0) & C (2, 2) are the points on the x2 = 2y
AD = 3, BD = 5, CD = 13
∴ A (2 2 , 4) is nearest to the point D.

EXPERT 72
15. Ans: (4)
Using CET shortcut 3 b),
1− x + x2 x2 − x +1
f (x) = = . Here c = 1
1+ x + x2 x2 + x +1
1 −1 + 1 1
f (x) is minimum at x = c = 1 ∴Minimum value = f (1) = =
1+1+1 3
16. Ans: (3)
x
1
y=  
x
1
log y = x. log  
x
diff w.r.to x
1 1  −1  1  1 
.y ' = x. .  2  + log    y ' = y log  x  − 1
y 1 x  x    
 
x
x x
1  1  1 1 1
y' = 0    log  − 1 = 0    ≠ 0, log   = 1  x =
x  x  x x e
∴ymax = e 1/e

17. Ans: (2)

dy
Here = −3x 2 + 6x + 9 = m
dx
dm d2m
= −6x + 6; = −6 < 0
dx dx 2
dm
For maximum slope, = 0  −6x + 6 = 0  x = 1
dx
∴ Maximum slope = −3(1) 2 + 6(1) + 9 = 12
Aliter:
dy
slope of the curve = = −3x 2 + 6x + 9 = − 3(x 2 − 2x − 3) = − 3 (x −1)2 − 4
dx
dy
 ≤12, for all x ∈R
dx
∴ Maximum slope = 12
18. Ans: (3)
y = [x2 – x + 1]1/3
1
y ' = [x2 – x + 1]-2/3 (2x – 1)
3
1
y' = 0  x =
2
1
 3 3
y x = 1 =   , y x =0 = 1and y x =1 = 1
2 4
∴ max is 1
19. Ans: (3)
Using CET shortcut 5 a),
Area is maximum when the rectangle is a square where the length of the diagonal is equal to
the diameter of the circle.
(x + 1)2 + (y – 3)2 = 64
C = (-1, 3) , r = 8
73 Mathematics KCET
 Length of the diagonal = 2(8) = 16
16
 2a = 16  a =
2
∴ A = a2 = 128
20. Ans: (1)
f (x) = α log |x| + βx2 + x
α
f ' (x) = + 2βx + 1
x
f ' (-1) = 0 f ' (2) = 0
α
-α - 2β + 1 = 0 + 4β + 1 = 0
2
α = 1 - 2β 1 - 2β + 8β + 2 = 0
1
∴α = 2 β=-
2
21. Ans: (4)
x = et cos t y = et sin t
dx dy
= -et sin t + cost et = et cost + sin t . et
dt dt
dy cos t + sin t
=
dx cos t − sin t
dy π
= ∞∴θ =
dx t = π 2
4

22. Ans: (4)

f (x) = x3- 4x2 + 8x + 11
f ' (x) = 3x2 – 8x + 8
f ( b ) − f (a ) 16 − 11 4± 7
f ' (c) =  3c2 − 8c + 8 =  3c2 − 8c + 3 = 0  c =
b−a 1 3
4− 7
c= ∈ (0, 1).
3
23. Ans: (4)
Let f (x) = tan x  f '(x) = sec2 x
0
1 1
Let x = 450 and δx = 30 ' = = (0.0175) = 0.00875 radians
2 2
We have f (x + δx) = f (x) + f '(x)δx
π π
 f (450 ,30 ') = tan + sec 2 (0.00875) = 1 + 2(0.00875) = 1.0175
4 4
24. Ans: (1)
dV
Given that = 314 m3/hr
dt
V = πr2h = 100πh
dV dh
 = 100 π
dt dt
dh
 = 1 m/h
dt
25. Ans: (2)
A = πr2
dA
= 12π
dr r =6
EXPERT 74
26. Ans: (3)
dx
= 2cm/s, x = 10
dt
3 2 dA 3 dx
A= x = .2x. = 10 3 cm2/s
4 dt 4 dt
27. Ans: (4)
R (x) = 3x2 + 36x + 5
R '(x) x =15 = 126
28. Ans: (1)
y (1 + x2) = 2 – x …..(1)
∵ It crosses x-axis ∴ y = 0  x = 2
Diff (1) w.r.to x
y (2x) + (1 + x2) y ' = −1
− 1 − 2 xy
y '=
1+ x2
1
y' ( 2, 0) = -
5
1
∴ y = - (x – 2)  x + 5y = 2
5
29. Ans: (1)
3y = 6x – 5x3
 y ' = 2 – 5x2
y −1 6 − 5x 2 −1
Now slope of normal =  =
x 2 − 5x 2
3 2 − 5x 2
1 1
When x = 1, =
3 3
30. Ans: (3)
dy
y = sin x  = 1.
dx (0, 0)
Equation of normal y = -x x + y = 0.
31. Ans: (4)
y = x3 – 12x + 18
dy
= 3x2 – 12.
dx
dy
Tangent is parallel to x-axis ∴ =0
dx
∴x=±2
When x = 2, y = 2 When x = -2, y = 34
32. Ans: (2)
dy
y = e2x = 2e2x
dx
dy 
=2
dx  at (0,1)
Equation of tangent y – 1 = 2x
1
It meet x-axis ∴ y = 0  x = -
2
33. Ans: (4)
a (1) + 1 = 7  a = 6

75 Mathematics KCET
34. Ans: (4)
f (x) = ex sin x  f ' (x) = ex cos x + ex sin x
Now f ' (c) = 0
ec (cos c + sin c) = 0
But ec≠ 0 ∴ cos c = - sin c
3π
 tan c = - 1  c = .
4
35. Ans: (4)
f (x) = 3x2 + 15x + 5, x = 3, δ x = 0.02
f ' ( x ) = 6x + 15
f (x + δx) = f (x) + f '(x)δx
f (3 + 0.2) = f (3) + f ' (3) (0.02) = 77 + 33(0.02) = 77.66
36. Ans: (3)
V= x3
dV 3x
dV = δx  dV = 3x 2 × = 0.09x3 m3.
dx 100
37. Ans: (1)
y = x4 -10
dy
dy = δx
dx
dy = 4x3 (– 0.01 )= - 0.32
38. Ans: (2)
 π
f (x) = sin x f ' (x) = cos x > 0 in  0, 
 2
 π
f (x) = cos 2x f ' (x) = -2 sin 2x < 0 in  0, 
 2
39. Ans: (4)
f (x) = 2x + cos x
f ' (x) = 2 – sin x > 0, x ∈ R
∴ f (x) is an increasing function.
40. Ans: (1)
y = x (x – 3)2 = x3 – 6x2 + 9x
dy
= 3x2 – 12x + 9
dx
= 3 (x – 3) (x – 1)
dy
When 1 < x < 3, <0
dx
41. Ans: (2)
f (x) = x3 – 18x2 + 96x
f (0) = 0
42. Ans: (2)
sin 2 x
sin x cos x =
2
1 sin 2 x 1
-1 ≤ sin 2x ≤ 1  - ≤ ≤
2 2 2
1
Max. value is .
2

EXPERT 76
43. Ans: (3)
Using CET shortcut 4 g) (i)
Given function is x2 – 8x + 17 (Here a = 1 > 0, b= -8 and c = 17)
4ac − b 2 ( 4 )(1)(17 ) − ( −8 )
2

∴ Minimum value = = =1
4a 4(1)
(Or)
y = x2 – 8x + 17  y ' = 2x – 8
Now y ' = 0  x = 4.
y ]x =4 = 16 – 32 + 17 = 1.
44. Ans: (4)
y = 2x2 + 3 sin x
dy
=3
dx x =0
−1
Slope of normal =
3
45. Ans: (1)
y=x+1 y2 = 4x
dy 2
=1 2yy ' = 4  y ' =
dx y
y=2
∴x=1
46. Ans: (2)
2y + x2 = 3
 2y ' + 2x = 0
y ' = -x  y' (1,1) = -1
∴m=1  y – 1 = 1 (x – 1)
x–y=0
47. Ans: (1)
x2
9y2 = x3 y ' =
6y
Slope of normal = -1 ( since intercepts are equal)
6y
 - 2 = -1  6y = x2
x
∴ x = 0, x = 4
8
∴y=±
3
48. Ans: (1)
f (x) = x2 – 2x  f ' (x) = 2x – 2
f (b) − f (a) 0 − ( −1) 3
f ' (c) =  2c − 2 = c=
b−a 1 2
49. Ans: (1)
f (x) = x3 – 3x  f ' ( x ) = 3x2 – 3
f ' (c) = 0  c = ± 1 ∴ c = 1 ∈ (0, 3 ).
50. Ans: (1)
 π
f (x) = cos x f ' (x) = -sin x < 0 in  0, 
 2

77 Mathematics KCET
51. Ans: (1)
f (x) = tan x – x
f ' (x) = sec2 x – 1 ≥ 0
∴ always increases.
52. Ans: (2)
f (x) = 2x3 + 9x2 + 12x – 1
f ' (x) = 6x2 + 18x + 12
f ' (x) = 0  6 (x + 2) (x + 1) = 0
When x ∈ [-2, -1] f ' ( x ) ≤ 0 .
53. Ans: (4)
f (x) = 2 sin 3x + 3 cos 3x
f ' (x) = 6 cos 3x – 9 sin 3x
 5π   5π   5π 
f '   = 6 . cos   - 9 sin   ≠ 0.
 6   2   2 
5π
∴ is not a critical point.
6
54. Ans: (3)
f (x) = 2x3 – 3x2 – 12x + 4
f ' (x) = 6x2 – 6x – 12
f ' (x) = 0  x = 2, -1
f '' (x) = 12x – 6
f '' (2) > 0  min & f '' (-1) < 0  max
One maxima and one minima.
55. Ans: (1)
x x
x2 = 4y  y ' = i.e m =
2 2
−2 −2
m1 = =
x h
−2 8 − h2
Now =  h = 2, k = 1
h 4 − 4h
∴ y - 1 = -1 (x – 2)  x + y = 3

Previously asked Questions

1. Ans: (4)
f (x) and g (x) are both continuous in [-2, 2] and differentiable in (-2, 2)
∴ f (x) and g (x) satisfy Mean Value Theorem
Now f (-2) = -8, f (2) = 8 ∴ f (-2) ≠ f (2)
∴ f (x) doesn’t satisfy Rolle’s theorem
g ( −2 ) = 0, g ( 2 ) = 0 ∴ g ( −2 ) = g ( 2 )
Hence g (x) satisfies Rolle’s theorem
2. Ans: (4)
dr
Given = 5 cm/sec
dt
dA dr
A = πr2 = π.2r = 2π.(8). 5 = 80πcm2/sec
dt dt

EXPERT 78
3. Ans: (4)
x3 – 3xy2 + 2 = 0 3x2y – y3 = 2
Diff w.r.to x Diff w.r.to x
3x2 – 3 (2xyy ' + y2) = 0 3( x 2 y'+ y.2x ) − 3y2 y' = 0
x 2 − y2 −2xy
 y' = = m1  y' = =m
2xy ( x 2 − y2 ) 2
We find that m1 m2 = -1 ∴ The curves cut at right angle.
4. Ans: (2)
dy 2 dy
= 2x – (-2) x-3 = 2x + 3 ∴ = -2 – 2 = -4
dx x dx ( −1, 0)
1
∴ Slope of normal =
4
5. Ans: (2)
4 3 dV dr
V= πr , = 10 cm3/s, = ? when r = 15 cm
3 dt dt
Diff. w.r.t:
dV 4 dr
= π 3r2
dt 3 dt
dV dr
= 4 π r2
dt dt
dr
When r = 15 cm, 10 = 4π (15)2
dt
dr 1
 = cm/s
dt 90π
6. Ans: (1)
dy dx
= 4t − 2 and = 2t + 3
dt dt
If x = 2 and y = -1 then t = 2
dy 4t − 2 8−2 6
∴ = = =
dx 2t + 3 4+3 7
7. Ans: (3)
y 2x + (1 + x2) y| = -1
(1 + x2)y| = -1 - 2xy
−1 − 2xy
y| =
1 + x2
The point is (2, 0) when the tangent crosses x – axis.
−1  1+ 4 
slope of the normal = = -   = 5
 −1−0
|
y
Equation the normal is, y – 0 = 5(x – 2) or 5x – y – 10 = 0
The question would have been clearer had it been given as “ the equation of normal to the curve
y(1 +x2) = 2 – x where the curve crosses x axis is”
8. Ans: (3)
4 3
V= πr A = 4πr2
3
dV 4 dA
= π . 3r2 = 4π . 2r
dr 3 dr
dV 4πr 2 r
∴ = = =2
dA 4π.2r 2

79 Mathematics KCET
9. Ans: (4)
f (x) = x2 + 2x – 5
f ' (x) = 2x + 2
f ' (x) >0  2x + 2 > 0  2x > -2  x > -1  (-1, ∞)
10. Ans: (4)
f (x) = x2 in [2, 4]
f (b) − f (a)
f ' (c) =
b−a
16 − 4
2c =
4−2
12
2c =  2c = 6  c= 3
2
11. Ans: (2)
Equation of the curve: y2 = x
dy
2y =1
dx
dy 1
= = 1 (slope of tangent)
dx 2y
1 1
∴y=  x=
2 4
1 1
∴ Required point :  , 
4 2
12. Ans: (3)
dy  v du dv 
y = x−x = uv ∴ = uv  . + log u. 
dx  u dx dx 
dy
∴ = x − x (−1 − log x)
dx
dy
At the stationary point, = 0  − (1 + log e x) = 0 (∵ x x ≠ 0 )
dx +
1 +
 x=
e 1 3
−
1/ e
1  1 
∴ f  =  =e
1/ e

 e   1/ e 
13. Ans: (2)
dy
y = xx ∴ = x x (1 + log x).
dx
dy 1
At the stationary point = 0  1 + log x = 0  x =
dx e
14. Ans: (3)
Maximum area of rectangle inscribed in a circle of radius ‘r’ has area = 2r 2  2(64) = 128
15. Ans: (4)
f (x) = x3 – 6x2 + 9x + 10
f ' (x) = 3x2 – 12x + 9
= 3 (x2– 4x + 3)
= 3 (x – 1) (x – 3)
f ' (x) ≥ 0 in (- ∞, 1] ∪ [3, ∞)

EXPERT 80
16. Ans: (No Matching Answer)
dx dA
= 4cm / s Reqd =
dt dt x = 14 cm

3 2 dA 3 dx
A= x  = .x
4 dt 2 dt
3
= .14.4 = 28 3 cm2/sec
2
17. Ans:(2)
(Question is incorrect)
Question should have been approximate value of 24.99
y = x Take x = 25 & δx = - 0.01
y=5
y2 = x  2y δy = δx
0.01 −0.01 −0.01
δy = − = =
5 x 2 5 x 2 10
∴ approximate value of 24.99 = 5 − 0.001 = 4.999
18. Ans: (2)
1 y
For 2x = y2 we have y ' = = m1 and for 2xy = k we have y ' = − = m2
y x
As the curves intersect perpendicularly m1m2 = −1
 x = 1 and y = ± 2
Substituting in 2xy = k we get k 2 =8
19. Ans: (1)
log e x
Let y = = f (x) .
x
1 − log e x
y' = 0  = 0  log e x = 1  x = e
x2
1
When x = e, y '' = − 3 < 0
e
log e e 1
∴ Maximum value = f (e) = =
e e
20. Ans: (3)
We have S = 6x2
dS
dS = δx = 12x(0.05x) = 0.6x 2 = 0.1× S = 10% of S
dx

81 Mathematics KCET