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On hyperbolic center and radius of a circle

Conference Paper · March 2020

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Levon Gevorgyan
State Engineering University of Armenia
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 On hyperbolic center and radius of a circle
L. Gevorgyan

December 8, 2020

As it is well known [1] the Poincaré model of plane hyperbolic geometry is constructed in the open unit
circle
D = {z : z ∈ C, |z| < 1} .
The points of hyperbolic plane coincide with the points of D. Circular arcs (and diameters) which are orthog-
onal to the boundary circumference are called hyperbolic lines. The angle between two smooth lines is the
same as in the Euclidean geometry. The hyperbolic distance d (a, b) between points a and b is dened by the
formula
1 1 + ρ (a, b)
d (a, b) = ln ,
2 1 − ρ (a, b)
where  
 a−b 
ρ (a, b) =  .
1 − āb 
Example 1. For any z ∈ D
1 1 + |z|
d (0, z) = ln .
2 1 − |z|
Example 2. For any a, b, −1 < a < 1, −1 < b < 1, a < b
b−a
1 1+ 1−ab 1 (1 − a) (1 + b)
d(a, b) = ln b−a
= ln
2 1− 1−ab
2 (1 + a) (1 − b)

1
 Another interesting fact is the following assertion [2], Proposition 2. A hyperbolic circle in S is an
Euclidean circle in D and vice-versa, although the hyperbolic and Euclidean centres, and the hyperbolic and
Euclidean radii, generally don't coincide. In Exercise 2 the author announced the√following. Let A be a circle
with Euclidean center a + ib and radius r. Show that the hyperbolic center is a + i b2 − r2 and the hyperbolic
radius satises r = b tanh (R) .
Denote D (s, r) = {z : |z − s| < r} . Trace the ray L emanating from O and passing through the point s.
Denote by a and b the points of intersection of L and the circumference ∂D. We have
1 1 + |s| − r 1 1 + |s| + r
d (O, a) = ln , d (O, b) = ln .
2 1 − |s| + r 2 1 − |s| − r

Let C (σ) be the center of the non Euclidean circumference ∂D. Evidently
1
d (O, σ) = (d (O, a) + d (O, b))
2
or q
1 + |σ| (1 + |s|)2 − r2
ln = ln q
1 − |σ|
(1 − |s|)2 − r2
implying q q
(1 + |s|) − r − (1 − |s|)2 − r2
2 2
|σ| = q q ,
2 2 2 2
(1 + |s|) − r + (1 − |s|) − r
so σ = |σ| exp (i arg s) and the non Euclidean radius R of ∂D is

1 (1 + r)2 − |s|2
R = ln .
4 (1 − r)2 − |s|2
For particular case s = 0 one gets (known formulae) σ = 0 and r = tanh (R) .

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Figure 1: circle and opposite points

3
 References
[1] https://homepages.warwick.ac.uk/ masbb/Papers/MA448.pdf
[2] https://www.pi.math.cornell.edu/ mec/Winter2009/Mihai/section7.html

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