590 3D Geometry

12. Key ldea Equationotstraight line is Equation of the plane is

: A1 =

b
Since, is perpendicular to , and I .
So, its DR's are cross-product of , and l.
C
) ()-
+ y+2 =1
Now. to find a point on l2 whose distance is given, assume a point )
and find its distance to obtain point. From the option the point (1,-1,1) satisfy the ploane
Let 1 : - _ y - 0 - 0 +y+2 =1.
Hence, option (a) is correct.
a b C

which is perpendicular to 2. Equation of plane passing through the points (2, 1,0)
).
4:Bi-j+ 4k) + ti + 2j+ 2k) 4, 1, 1) and (5, 0, 1) is
- 2 y-1 z-0 r-2 y-1 z
:i+3+ 2k)+ sei+2j+ k 4-2 1-1 1-0 =0 | 2 0 1=00
5-2 0-1 1-0| | 3 -1 1
DR's oflis 1 2 2-2i +8j-2k (r-2)0+ 1)- (y-1)(2-3) + z(-2-0) =0
2 2 *-2+y-1-22 =0
* + y-22 -3 =00
: -k.k Now, let the image of point R(2,1,6) w.r.t. plane (1) is
Now, ( 7 , 2 ) , then
A-2k1,3k1,-2k) and B(-2kg, 3k2,-2k2).
Since, A lies on h. -2
- 2 k i + 3 k ) j - 2k,)k = (8+ t)i+ (-1+21)j

+(4 +2t)k
3+t =-2k. =3k,4+2t =-2h
-1 +2t --1(-2)
k=-1 A2,-3,2) 2 -1.-6 -2
Let any point on , 8+2s,3+2s,2+ s)
2x12 4
e-3-2s)+ -3-3-2 2-2-s =V17
=6, 1 =5, 2 = -2
9s+28s+37 17 Image of point R(2, 1,6) w.r.t, plane (1) is
9s+28s+20 0 (6, 5,-2).
9s+18s+10s+20 =0 3. Equation ofline passing through the point (1,-5,9) and
(9s+10) (s + 2) = 0
parallel to * = y=zis
-10
s-2 (say)
Thus, any point on this line is of the form
Hence, -1, -1,0) and are required points. a+1,-5, A+9).
Now, if P(A +1,^ -5,A +9) is the point of intersection
Topic 3 Equation of a Plane of line and plane, then
1. Since, the mirror image of the point A(1,2,3) in a plane (a+1)-a -5) +A +9 =5
+15 5 ^ =-10
mid-point of AB lies in the
is B then
. Coordinates of point P are (-9,-15,-1).
the Hence, required distance
plane and dr's of line AB is the dr's, of normal
to

plane. = 1+9+ (-5+ 15)+ (9 +1)*

=10 +10? +10 =
10/
Now, mid-point of AB is P -

Key Idea :Length of the perpendicular drawn from point

4 y y Z) to the plane ax + by + Cz + d = 0is
d, =0X t+ by, + CZ+ d
a b+ c
and dr's of line AB is 1 Given line vectors
r=í+j)+ + 2j-k)and
(10 10 10-1,1,1) ...1)
-33 r=(i+ j) +p(-i+j-2k)

ronduc
 3D Geometry 591

vector perpendicular to the given vectors (i) and And,

Now,
a
similarly for point Q, we get
(ii) 1s

2 -1
33r+2)+2r-1)+ 4(-r+1) =1
n=
7r=7=1
-1 1 -2 So, point is Q 5, 1,
0
=i (-4+1)- j(-2-1) + k(1 +2) Now,
PQ=61 +(1+3 +22
-3i +3+ 3k = 36 16+4
of plane containing given vectors
: The
equatio

i) and = v56 2 1 4
(i) 16
3 (x-1) + 3(y-1)+ 3 (2 -0) =o Key ldea Use the foot of
-3a +3y+ 32 =0 point Plx y,. Z) to the perpendicular Ol2. Y2.z) drawn from
plane ax 0y + *

* - y - 2 =0
(iii)
given by
***,Py.2.
#he length of
Now, perpendicular drawn from the point
b
.1,4) to the plane *-y-2 =0, is
= - 1 - 4 i s

aX+by1+Z+d
1+1+1 3 3 a+b2+C O2Y2Z)
aby+Z+d=0
Let a
general point on the
Kev Idea Equation of planes bisecting the angles between the given line
planes
a,x+by+ C2+ d, = 0and (say)
+ 2 + %2 +
d2 =
0, are
is
0X
a,x+ b,y + C2t d=+ 02X * b,y + ¢2+ d2 2r+1,-1- r, r).
Now, let foot of
ya+b+ va+b+ from point P(2r perpendicular Qz.7.z) be drawn
to
+
1,-1 r, r) to the plane
-

x y+ z =3,
then
Equation of given planes are
2x-y+22 -4 =0 .

and +2y+22-2 =0
Now, equation of planes bisecting
the planes (i) and (ii) are
..i)
the angles between -1 11 1
-2r -1 =y+ r+1|
2x-y+2z-4_X+2y+ 22-2
v 4 + 1 + 4 : 2 y + 2 2 - 2

1+4+4 --r 2) =1-

2x-y+ 22-4 =t (x+2y+ 22 -2)
On taking (+ve)
sign, we get a plane 2y=-and z=l+
x-3y=2 i) So. point Q - 2 - 3 1 lies on the plane
On taking (-
ve) sign, we get a plane
3x+ y+42 =6 x-y+z=3 also.
Now from the .iv
the plane of
given options, the point (2,-4, 1) satisty
angle bisector 3x+ y+ 4z =6
So,
2. 1.3r0
Equation of given line is Therefore, the coordinates of point Q are (2. 0, 1).
8. Equation of given planes are
3 (let)...) 2x-y+2z +3 =0
NOw, 4x-2y+42+ À=0 )
coordinates ofa general point over given and 2x-y+22 +u =0 ..(11)
ineis R3r +2,2r-1,- r+ 1) Distance between
et the coordinates of point Pare (3r +2,2 - 1,7 +1)
two parallel planes
ax+by + cz + d =0
andQare (Br +2,2r2 -1, -2+ 1. and ar+ by+ cz + d =0 is
once, P is the point of intersection of line () and the
plane 2x
+3y-2+ 13 =0, so
distance=ddl

ya+6+
237 +2) +3(27 -1)-(- +1)+ 13 =0
Distance between planes () and (i) is
+4+6r -3+-1+ 13 =0 -23) _1
13+13 =0 =-1 16+4 16 3
(given
So, point P(-1,-3,2)
1-61=2 A -6 = t2 =l =Sor 4
592 3D Geometry

and distance between

planes (i) and (ii) is l1. Let the equation of plane is
u-3_2 lgiven]
ax+by+cz = d

v4+1+43 Since plane () passes through the points (0,-1.01 )

0,0, 1), then -b = d and c = d
31=2 Equation of plane becomes at-dy+ dz =d
- 3 +2 u =5 or 1 i)
So, maximum value of (a +u) at à =8 and u =
5 and it is
The plane (i) makes an angle of 4 with the nlaAn
equal to 13.
y-2+5 =0.
9. Given. equation of plane 3x-y+42=-2 ) and the -d- d
point 0, -1, -3) is the image of point Pin the plane (),
so point Pis also
c Nad+d 1+1
image of point Qw.r.t. plane (i).
Let the coordinates of FThe angle between the two planes
point P is (x, 7.2)) then ax+by+ Gz+d =0and agt+ bay+
c2+ d=0 is
cos = Gz* 0, 2+q c
=-2 30) 1-1)+ 4(-3) -2] =

3(-1 +42 a+b+flaz+b^+

1 -2d
image of the point
,1,z) in the va+2d= =-d

-
ar+ by + c2+ d =0 is (x. y, 2), where

-3.-2as+ b++d
plane
a+2dt2
a+2d =4d2 squaring both sides]
a a2+b2+ a 2 d a =t/2d

--1--%- So, the Eq. (i) becomes

t2r-y+z =1 ...4)
P.a)= 8.-2.1) Now, from options (2, 1,4) satisfy the plane
Now, area of APQR where point R3,-1,-2)
-2x-y+z=1
-PQxPR|-si+j-si)x®i-j-s| 12. Equation of given plane is
r+2y+3z = 15
)
i -r0 (i)
i-j- -9-3 So, the coordinates of any point on line (i) is
P1+2r,-1+3r,2+4r)
1-81-9-squnits Point Pis intersectingg point of plane ) and line i)
( 1 + 2 r ) + 2 - 1 + 3 r ) + 3 2 + 4 r ) = 15

10. Equation of plane, which contains the line of

intersection of the planes
1+2r-2+6r+6+12r =15 20r = 10

z+y+z-6 =0and 2x+3y+ z + 5 =0, is

r
+y+z-6) .2x+3y +z+ 5) =0
1 2 1 . ) x + 1+3.)y+ (1+i)z+ 5i-6) =0
The plane ) is perpendicular to XY-plane
.. CordiatesofP-11,-122]-4
(as DR's of normal to XY-plane is (0, 0, 1). Now, distance of the point P from the origin

O12)+0d+3.)+10+i) =0
i -1 4+1620 units
On substituting i. = - 1 in Eq. ) .
through the line ot
13. Since, equation of planes passes
we get intersection of the planes
-z-2y-11 =0 x+ y+2=1
I+2y+ 11 =0 ...i)
which is the required equation of the plane. and 2x+3y + 4z =5, is

Now, the distance of the point (0, 0, 256)

from plane Pis x+ y+z-1) +
22x+3y + 4z-5) =0
)
1+2.)x +(1+3,.)y + (1 4A)z- (1 + 5.) =0
+

+0+11 5 The plane (i) is perpendicular to the plane

r-y+2=0.

F distance
of (. h z) from the plane (1+2) - (1 +3).)+ (1+ 4%.) =0
=0 is perpendicular to
+ o +Cz : if plane ax+ by+ G2+ d,
a+ by+ cz-d=0, is plane ax+ by + c2+ d2 =0, thena,a bhbz + G20 +

yab+
 3D Geometry 593

+ 1 =0
3 Now, equation of family of
line of planes passes through the
...i) intersection of given planes i) and (i) is
required plane, is (2x-y-4)+ (y+ 2z-4) =0
he
equation of According to the question, (11)
So,

- *|-1-- Plane (ii) passes through the

point (1, 1, 0), so

0 -z +2 = 0
2-1-4)+21+0-4) =0
-3-37. =0
P
form, is r (i - k) + 2 =0 -1
Now, v e c t o r
Now, equation of
required plane can be obtained by
is
E q u a t i o n of
given line putting = -1 in the
equation of plane ()
cauation o+3-2-Z 2x-y-4) 1+2z 4) =0
10
=
r(let) .i)
-
-

2x- y-4-y-2z+4 =0
a pOint on line (i) is
ot
CoordinatesA(10r -3, - 7r + 2 , r) 2x-2y 2z=0
I-y-2=0
Now, let the line joining the points P2, -1,4) and
2, r) is 17. Clearly, direction ratios of given line are
A(10r
3,- 7r + 2, perpendicular to line G). Then,
k) =0 2,1,-2 and direction ratios of normal to the given
PA-(10 7j +
are 1, -2, -k. plane
along line ) is (101 7+i)
Fvector As we know angle between line and plane
[(10r - 5)î +-7r+3) - (r - 4)k)-[101 - 7j+ k] =0 obtained by can be
10(10r -5) - 78 -7r) + ( r -4) =0
100r 50-21 + 49r + r -4 =0 sin
150r 75 = r= ya?+b- ya-b-
So, sin 2-2+2
So, the foot of perpendicular is A 4 1 4 V1+4+P

[putr 2
in the coordinates of point A] sin oa given = co
Now, perpendicular distance of point P2, -1,4) from
the line (i) is 2k j cos -sin9==s-
35+
PA - J-J
which lies in (3, 4).

The normal vector to the plane containing the vectors

+j+ k) and +2 +3) is
n=+j+ k)x (i + 2j+3k)
4k=5+
=1 1 1 3k=5
1 2 3 k
i8-2) j8-1)+ k2-1)=i -2/+k
Now, 18. According to the question points (-A, 1,).a.-i1)
magnitude of the projection of vector 2i +3j +k
on
normal vector n is and(1.1,-2)are coplanar with the point (-1.-1.1)
2i+3+k)-nl |2i +3+ k)-6 -2j+ k) 1- 2 0
2 1- 0=0
In V1+4+1
2 2 -1
2-6+11_3. units condition of coplanarity is
6
4-4 -
quations of given planes are
2x-y-4 =0 ...)
and
y+22-4 =0 -1-1 Ia-i*-4) =0
594 3D Geometry
21. According to given information, we have
ave the
the foll.
following
(1+) ta -A*-2) a -+2)] =0
(1+ 8 - ) =0 figure.
=3 :1+ * 0 VA e^ 2,-5, 0

= t3 n 2x-5y 15
19. Let the equation of plane, containing the two lines
+5
2. 5 7
P

and

a(x+2)+ by-2)+ (z +5) = 0 .) A B (7, 0, 6)

Plane (i) contain lines, so0 , 4,2)
C(2, c, B)
Sa+56+7c=0 .(i)
From figure, it is clear that
and a+4b+7c =0 (ii)
=2i -5j+ ok
From Eqs. (Gi) and (ii), we get (ABxBC)=p and n
a b

35-287-2112-5 p=|4-4 4
2
-5 B-6
E:AB (7-3)i + (0-4)j + 6-2)k
- 4i-4+ 4k and BC= (2-7H +(a-0)j+ G-6)k
So, equation of plane will be - 5i+o+ G-6)k]
1(x+2)-2(y-2)+ 1(z+5) =0 = 40)- j(4B 24 +20)+k(4t -20)
i-4B + 24 -

x-2y+2+11 =0 .. (iv)
p= (24-40 -4)i+ j4-4)+ k(4o -20)
Now, perpendicular distance from origin to plane is
11 11 Now,as the planes are perpendicular, therefore p n =0
1+441 6 (24-4a -4)i +(4 -4B)j + (4a -20)k)
perpendicular distance from origin to the plane (2i -5j +0k) =0
ax+ by + cz + d = 0, is d 2(24-40 - 4 ) - 5(4-4)+0 =0

Va4b 86-a -B) -4(5-5 ß) =0

et - * = =a (say). Then, any point on 12-20 -2ß-5+5ß =02a -3ß 7
3 22. Let the direction vector of the line
this line is of the form P(a +3, 3a - 1, - a +6)

Similarly, any point on the line.

-6 4
=is b=2 -j+3k.
b(say), is of the form Q (76-5,-6b +2, 4b+3) Since, the required plane contains this line and its-
Now, if the lines are intersect, then P=Q for some a projection along the plane 2x+3y- z =5, it will also-
contain the normal of the plane 2x+ 3y -z =5.
and b.
a+3= 7b -5
3a -1 = -66 +2 bxn
and - a +6 4b +3 required plane (ABCD)
a 7b=-8, a + 2b =1
and a +4b =3
D
On solving a 7b= -8 C Projection of line L
and a+2b =1, we get
b 1 and a =-1,
which also satisfy a + 4b =3
Normal vector of the plane 2x+3y- z=5
n =2i +3j- k.
P=Q= (2, -4, 7)
for a = -1 and b =1 Now, the required plane contains b =2i -j+ 3k an

coordinates of point R (2,-4, 7)

are
n =2i +3-k.
Thus,
and reflection of R in xyplane is (2, -4,- 7 Normal of the required plane is b xn.
 t h e plane
contains the line 3D Geometry 595
iy+2 , therefore it
also contains the point
-1
-si -2j+ k.
3
6x-0)+10(y-2) +2(z -5) =0
: P0,2,3) line on the
ion of require 3x +5y 10+
the
equation

plane is(r -

a)
z -

5 =0 plane
Now,
l-3 y+2 2-1 (bxn) =0 3x+5y+ z =15
On
2 -1 3 =0 checking all the ...)
2 3 -1
the
equation of planeoptions,
).
the option (4.
1, -2)
satisfy
25. Given
1-9-+2) 2-6+ (z-1)
equation of line is
x+ 8y + 82
+ 32
0 *-
y-z =4
6+2]=0 2
Note that 2.0,-2) is the only point ..0)
which satisfy above x=2r+4;y =2r
General point on the line +5 and z =r+3
(1) is
equation.

equation of plane
be
Let the
alr-0)+ b(y+ 1)+ c(z--0) =0 So, the point of P2r+4,2r+5,r+3)
intersection
Equation of plane
x+
y+z=2 will be of the form Pof line G) and plane
given
passing through point a
Somer e R (2r+4.2r+5, r+3) for
1s
by a(x-)+ b(y-y)+ c{z-z)=0}
(1 2 1 )
ar+ by+ cz + b = 0 (2r+4)+(2r+5)+(r+3) =2
oit also passes through (0,0, 1), the point will lie on the
Since,
therefore, we get 5r =-10 r=-2 plane]
c+b =0 So, the point of intersection is
Now, as angle between the planes ..(ü) PO,1,1)
ax+by+ cz + b =0
Now,
puttingr=-2 in 2r+4,2r+5,r+3)]
y-2+5 =0 is
on
checking the options, we get
and
4
n n where n,
2 Contain the point (0, 1, 1)
-5
=
ai + bj+ ck 26 Let abe the
Inlln position vector of the given point (4,-1,2).
and n =Oi + j -k Then, a =4 -j+2k
1 (ai+ bj+ ck) (0i +j-k)I The direction vector of the lines
V2
a +b+ è 0+1+1
1b-d
2 are respectively
va+ b* + 2
a+b + = |b-d = (b-c* =b+ c*-2be b =3i-j+ 2k
a=-2bc and b=i+2j+ 3k
a2b2 [Using Eq. Gi)) Now, as the plane is parallel to both b, and b
a = t/2b plane is parallel to the given lines]
Direction ratios (a, 6, c) = (t N2,1,-1) So, normal vector (n) of the plane is perpendicular to
both b and ba
So, options (b) and (c) are correct because
2, 2,-2 and v2,1, - 1. are multiple of each other. n=bj xba and
Required equation of plane is
Let the given points be A(-3,-3,4) and B (8,76).
(r-a) n =0 (r- a) (b x b») =0
Then, mid-point of line joining A, Bis x-4 y+1 z-2|
p-3+3 -3+7 4+6-P0,2,5)
P 0,2,5)
3 -1 2=0
2 2 1 2 3

The required plane is perpendicular r-a= (ri+ yj+ zk)-(4i -j+2k)

1Sector of line joining A, B, so direction ratios of = (r-4) i+ (y+ 1)j+ (2-2) k
direction
d AOmal the plane is proportional to the
to
and we know that, [abc]=a (bxc)|
ratios of line joining A, B.
D0, direction ratios of normal to the plane are 6, 10, 2.
-b ba b
: DR's of AB are 3 + 3,7+3,6-4,i.e. 6, 10,2]
NOW, equation of plane is given by 1)=0
(r-4) (-3-4)
-

(y+1) (9-2)+ (2-2) (6+

at-)+b (y-y)+ c(z-z)=0
596 3D Geometry

-7 30) y(32 + 20) + 2(24 + 2) =0

(r-4) 7 (y+ 1) + 7 (z -2) =0 (-4 +
26x-52y+ 262 =0
(-4)+(+ 1)- e -2) = 0 x-2y+ 2 =0
+y-2 - 1 =0
(1, 1. 1) is the only point that satisfies. Key ldea Fquation of planethrough the intersection of two
27. Given equation of line is 29. planes P, and P2 is given byP, AP2
+ =0

r=-3ui+ u -1)j+ (2 +5u)k The plane through the intersection of the

x+ y + z - 1 =0 and 2x + 3y - 2+4 =0is given by planee
Clearly, any point on the above line is of the form
1-3u.u - 1 , 2 + 5u)
r+ y+2- 1)+ A(2x+ 3y- z+ 4) =0,
Let A be - 3 u + 1,u - 1,5u +2) for some u e R
where à eR
=(1+2 )x + (1 +3)y+(1 -A)z+ (42 1) =0,
Then. AB= 8--3u +1)) i +
2-(u -

1) j where AeR
+(6-6+ 2))k : AB=OB-OA] Since, this plane is parallel to Y-axis, therefore its
= Bu +2) i+8-u)j+(4-5u) k .(1) normal is perpendicular to Y-axis.
Normal vector (n) of the plane r-4y+ 3z =l is +23)i+ 1+32)j+ (1 -A)k).j =0
n=i-4+3k ...i) 1+3 =0
ABis parallel to the plane.
n is perpendicular to the AB3
Now, required equation of plane is
AB n=0
I + 2 +6-wj+ 4-54k] i-4j+3kJ=0 1-1 E-1-o
From Eqs. ) and i)]
8+2)-48-)+3 (4 -5u) =0 -84 +2=0 [substituting à =in Eq. 6]

*+42-7 0
Here, only (3, 2, 1) satisfy the above equation.
28. Let R be the plane containing the lines
30. Any point on the line* i s of the form
and -3 1,2 +3,-3 + 2)
For these two lines, direction vectors are take+1y-3 =i=*--3 -1,
2
b, =3i+4+2k and b, =4i +2j+3k.
y=2 +3 and 2 = - A + 2]
A vector along the normal to the plane R is given by
So, the coordinates of point of intersection of two lines
i i will be -3 1,2A + 3, -A +2) for some A eR
n =b x b = |3 4 2
Let the point A=-3-1,2% +3,-A +2) and
4 2 3 B= (-4,3,1)
=
ia2 -4)-j9 -8)+ k6-16)-8i -j-10k Then, AB OB-OA
Let Pa be the plane containing the line- and
=
-4i+3j+k) -(-3 -1)i+23 +3)j+ -3+2)k)
=
(3A -3)i -2j+ (a -1)k
perpendicular to plane B.
Now, as the line is parallel to the given plane, therefore
For the line =the direction vector is AB will be parallel to the given plane and so AB will be
perpendicular to the normal of plane.
b 2i+3j+4k and it passes through the point with
AB- = 0, where n = i +2j -kis normal to the plane.
position vector a =Oi +0j+Ok.
(8A -3)i - 22j+ (a -1)k). i + 2j-k) =0
:Pis perpendicular to R, therefore n, and b lies along
the plane. 3( -1)-4) + (-1)0 -1) =0
Also, Pa also passes through the point with position fa=ai+ aj+ a,k and b =bi + bj+ b,k,
vector a. then a b = ajb + agbg + agbal
Equation of plane Pz is given by 3-3-4 -A + 1=0
x-0 y-0 2-0 - 2 =2
-

a) (n x b) =0»83 -1 -10=0 A-1

3
3 4
 3D Geometry 597
required equation 18 the equation
the
of line
A2,1,3) and B(-4,3,1), which is
N o w ,

ing 3-1y-3
Alternative Method
2--4) 1-3: Clearly, DR's of AB are
and DR's of 4-5,-1 1,3-4.
Now, let 0 be the to plane are 1. 1. 1. i.e. -1.,
normal -

1
Equation
ot
line joining (,. n2) and (z Y2, z2) is angle between the line
X--h-2*4
2
2-1 z2-Z
then 9 is given by
sin 9=
and
-1+0-1 plane
-1+-1?1-11
2 2

or multiplying by 2] B(4-1.3)
A (5-1, 4)
is the line ofintersection ofthe plane
2y+3z -2=08and x- y+ z+1 =0and
line ofintersection of the plane x + 2y-2 -3 =0and L, is the
3r-y+ 22-1 =0
Plane- yZ =7
Since L,is parallel to |2-2 3=i+
1 -1 1 sine- cos--sinr=-
Clearly, length of projection =
AB cos8
Lisparallel to|13 -12-1=3i-5j-7k
=
v2 : AB =
v
2
Also, Lg passes through 33. Key ldea If any vector x is coplanar with the
vector y and z. then
put 2 =0in last two planes]
So, equation of plane is
Here, u is coplanar with a and b.
u =
ha+ ub
Dot product with a, we get
0=0 7x-7y+8z +3 =0 u-a=ia a)+H(b-a) = 0=14i +21
-5

Now, perpendicular distance from origin is Dot product with b,

Ea=2i+3j-kb=j-kua=0
we get
3 3 1 u-b ia-b) +pb-b)
N7+7+8162 32 24 2+2 . u b=24
Solving Eqs. () and (i), we get
-2.=14
Key ldea length of projection of the line segment joining a , and Dot product with u, we get
a on the plane r n= disa a X n luF=i(u a) +u(u-b)
In luf -20)+1424) = luf =336
Length of projection the line segment joining the points 34. Any line parallel to = and passing through
6,-1, 4) and (4, -1, 3) on the plane *+ y+ 2 = 7is
P1,-2,3) is
B(4,-1,3) P(1-2.3)
a) e1.4.5
n=itjtk R 2+3y-2-2=0

5,-1,4)
A(a,)
AC= a)xn_I-i-k)x+j+k (say)

In ++k be Writtenas
Any point on above ine can
a+1,4A -2,5à +3)
AC-k
3 C-
598 3D Geometry
Coordinates of R are ( 1,4 -2,5à +3).
+ Hence, the image of Q3, 1, 7) is P(-1,5,3).
Since, point R lies on the above plane. To find equation of plane passing through P-15
3)
20 +1)+ 3(4 2) -46à +3) +22 =0
=1
and
containing21
So. point Ris (2, 2. 8). DR's (1. 2,1)/
Now, PR = y2-1 + (2+ 2)+ 8-3) = 42 (0. 0, 0)
2

PQ=2PR =2/42
35. Given, equations of lines are
P-1,5,3)/
-0 y-0 z-0
1-0 2-0 1-0=0
and
-1-0 5 -0 3-0
x6-5) - y (3 + 1)+ 2 (5+2) =0
Let n =i -2j+ 3k and n, =2i -j-k - 4 y + 7z = 0

Any vector n perpendicular to both nj, n2 is given by 38. Let equation of plane containing the lines
n = n X n2
2x-5 + z =3 and x+y+ 4z = 5 be
(2x-5y+ z-3) + 2 (x+ y+ 4z-5) =0
n =1 -2 3=5+ 7j+3k (2+2.) r+ -5)y + (42 + 1) z -3-5 = 0
1)
2 -1 1 This plane is parallel to the plane x+3y+ 6z =1.
Equation of a plane passing through 1, -1,-1) and 2+2 -5 4 +11
3 6
perpendicular to n is given by
On taking first two equations, we get
5x-1)+ 7y+ 1)+3(2 + 1) =0
6+ 3A =n - 5 2 = - 11 » =-
5x+ 7y+3z +5=0 2
On taking last two equations, we get
Required distance =+21-21
5 +72+ +53 2 8103 units
6-30 =3+ 12 -6 =33 =1=-4
2
36. Let the equation of plane be ax+ by + cz =1. Then So, the equation of required plane is
a+b+ c=1

2a+b-2c=0 2-1 -s--1-35x-

15b
3a 6b-2c = 0 = a = 7b, c=
2 -.-
b 3131 x+3y+62- 7 = 0

1 4 x + 2y+ 152 = 31
39. Given equation of line is

37. Let image of Q3, 1, 7) w.r.t. x -y + 2=3 be P (a, B,). say]..)

12
-2(3 1+7-3)
- 12+ (-1+ (1)*
and equation of plane is
X-y+z =16
1,122 + 2)
a-3=1-B=y-7=-4 Any point on the line (i) is, (3A +2,4
-

a =-1,ß =5, 7 =3 Let this point of intersection of the line and plane.
Q (3,1,7) (3 +2) -(4 1)+ (122 +2) =16
112 +5 =16
11 =11 1 =1
So, the point of intersection is (5,3,14).
and (5,3,14
Now, distance between the points (1, 0, 2)
X-y t z = 3
=V6-1)+8-0+ (14-2
13
= y16+9+ 144 =V169
P(a. B.

uronduE
 3D Geometry 599

ne line and its mage are parallel to each

the normal to the 43. Key ldea
any
find point plane from
So, will be passed and then find () Equation of plane through
other.

the
image
line intersection of tvwo planes
ch
image linhe. i.e. (a,z + b;y + C,z + d,)+.
of
equation

ne and line are paralle to each other. a,+ bzy + Cz2 + d2) = 0
Here,pla the plane through the point (i) Distance of
of
normal to t a point (z1. Y, Z,) from
Equation ax + by + CZ + d = 0
is
3, 4)
(1, ax+by +CZ +d
=*=k say a b + c?
n t in this normal is (2h + 1,-k
k+3,4
+ 3 4 .+ k). Equation of plane passing through intersection
Anypo 4 planes x+ 2y +3z =2 and
of two
1+1 3-k+3
-k+3
4*E|lies on plane. x- y+z =3 is
Then, 2 (x+2y+32-2)+ (x-y+z-3) =0
(1+A) x+ (2-A) y+ 3+)z -

2+3.) =0
20+1-2-*).3-0
Doint through which this image pass is
Hence, point
whose distance from 3,1,- 1) is

(2k+1,3-k,4 + k) 13(12)+1-(2-)-1+2)-(2+3.)2
1++ (2-+ 3+ 3
ia 12(-2) + 1,3+2,4-2] =(-3,5,2)
1-22.1 2
Hence, equation of image line is **3. 3+4+ 14
=

3
Kev ldea To find the foot of perperndiculars and find its locus.
3 3 + 4) + 14
Fomula used -
Footol perpendicular from (x. y1. Z,)}to
ar+by+ CZ+d = 0be(x2 Y2. Z2), then

X2-- Y2
a b
-2z2 --a, +by +Czj+d) -3)--6-3--2]-o
Any point on +2 -y+1. = or
-.0
3 5x-11y+z-17 =0
44. PLAN It is based on two
r=
2 2, y= -% -1,z =3A and
concepts one is intersection of straight line
Let foot of perpendicular from plane and other is the foot of
perpendicular from a point
(2 -2,-A 1,3A)
-
to the straight line.
tox+ y+ 2 =3 be (t2, 2, zg).
Description of Situation
-2-2) -A-1)22-(3) ) If the straight line
1
1
(2-2-à -1+3%-3) a c
1+1+1

- 2 . +2 =y2 ++1= 22 -3 =2-

3
2.

intersects the plane Ax+

By+Cz+d=0.
-7/2
Then, (a +2,bà+ y, cà+z) would satisfy
2/3 5/3
Hence, foot of Ax+By+Cz+d=0
perpendicular lie on Gi)If A is the foot of
perpendicular from P to lL
2/3-7/3 5/ Then, (DR's of PA) is perpendicular to DR's of L
Given planes are
2x+
y+2z-8 =0 and 2x+ y+
22 +,0
Distance between two planes
PA I=0
85
Equation of straight line QR, is
= a+b+ 22+1?+2
2_21/2 7
3 2
600 3D Geometry

Also, equation of plane containing and DR's.

normal to be n, = ai + bj + ck
..) ax+ by+ cz =0
where, n ' n2 =00
PA+2,4+3 a+5) must lie on 5:x-4y-2=F1.
5a+2)4 (4 +3)-a+5)=1 8a b-10c =0
)
and ng l(2i + 3j+ 4k)
5A+10-16A -12-a-5=1
-7-12A =1 2a +3b + 4c=0
-2 From Eqs (ii) and (ii),
3 a b C
13 -4+30 -20-32 24 +2
or
P 3
Again, we can assume S from Eq.(i), 26 52 26

as S (+2,4 u+3,+ 5)
DR's of TS =<u+2-2,4u +3-1,4 +5-4> ..v
= <u,44 +2,u +1> From Eqs. () and (iv), required equation of plane is
and DR's of QR=<1,4,1> *-2y+z =0
Since, perpendicular l =m = n=
47. Since,
1 (u)+4(4 +2)+1 (H +1) =0 V3

and s1 2 dz-)
. Length of PS =

45. Distance of point Pfrom plane = 5 TP (1-2,1) 2x+y+2 =9/

Equations *L, z-2
of line are X-2 1N31/3

a = 10
A (xy, 2)
/ x-2 y+1 =z-2 = r
say
x +2y-2z =a . Any point on the line is

Foot of perpendicular Q= (r+2, r-1, r+2)

l i e s on the plane 2x+ y+2 =9
2r+2)+(r-1)+(r+2) =9
4r+5 9>r=1|
Q3,0,3)
Thus, the foot of the perpendicular is A . PQ=8-2)+0 +1)+8-2) =V3
48. Given, 0Q-1-34)i+ (u-1)j+ 64+2)k
46. The DR's of normal to the plane containing - [where, O is origin
and OP=3i +2j+6k
and PQ

4 2= (8i -j-10k)
i-4-ok
n, =|3
4 2 3 /x-4y+3z=1

n (a, b, C)

Now, PQ=(1-3p -3)i+(-1-2) j 5 +2-6)k

+

=-2-3u)i+ (4-3)j+ 6-4)k

(0,0,0)
DR'S(2.3.4) to the plane x-4y+32
= 1.
PQ is parallel

S u r v e y c o n d u
 3D Geometry 601

9-34-4+12+154-12 =o
52. Since, the point A(3,2, -1) is the mirror image
2
of the
8u 2 4= point B(1,0, 1)-

with respect to the

Lx+By+ 72 =ô, then plane
e q u a t i o n
of plane be
of
t the
(t-1)+b0+2) + c(z-1) =0 3-1 2-0-1)--1
a 2x-2y+
perpendicular
to 2 =0 and
hich is 0
r - t 2 2=4
2a-2b+C=0 and a - b + 2c=0 7=0
it is given that a
7=1 +

= 1 so B =1.
And, the mid-point of AB, M2,1,-1) lies on the given
plane, so
2a +B-7 =ô
equation of plane isx*-1+ y+2 =0
So,
the

*+ y+1=0 2(1)+(1)-0 =8
or 3
Thsdistance from the point (1, 2, 2) i s 4 t 1 = 2 5
a+B=2,8-7=0,ô+B=4.
53. Given, square base OP =
OR =3
= 1 cuts the coordinate axes at
Since P8,0,0), R= 0,3,0)
A (a,0,0),
B(0, b,0), C (0,0, c). S
distance from origin ==1
Andits
R(0.3.0)
B (0,b,0)

AX P
(a,0,0) (3.3.0) Q(3.3.0)
0.0.0)
= 1 Also, mid-point of 0Q is TG50
b Since, Sis directly above the mid-point T of
Or
and ST =3. diagonal OQ
..1) i.e.
where, P is centroid of
triangle.
Here, DR's of 0Q (3, 3, 0) and DR's
Plx, y, 2) =*0+0 0+b+0 0+0+ c of OS
3 3 9 9

cos = 2
i)
3
From Eqs. () and
(i),
9+9+0++9 18.2
V2
1 .
Option (a) is incorrect.
Now, equation of the plane containing the A0QS is
Or

3 3
00» |1 1 0=0
K9 3/2 3/2 3 1 12
Given equation of x2-0)-y2 -0)+ z(1-1) =0
straight line
2x-2y=0 or x- y=0
.
Option (b) is correct.
Since the line lies in the
ounce, Now, length of the perpendicular from P3.0,0) to the
ence, point (4,2,
plane 2x-4y+ 2=1. plane containing a0QS is
k) must satisfy the plane. 1+12
8-8+ k=7 k= 7 Option (c) is correct.
 602 3D Geometry

Hem, cquation of RS is
lf (a.B. y)
-0
:-0
is foot of perpendieular from P on . tho.
S/2 a-AB+3AY+5
1 2 -1
a =a +k B =2k - 3A, y = -k - 5
say]
To find the distsnoe from which satisfy P: *+ 2y-z + l =0
let M be the foot of O0,0.0) to RS
(A+A) +2 (2k-3A) -(-*-5A) +1 =0
perpendicular.
(0.0. 0)
-A=--3, =-5 6
which satisty options (a) and (b).
56. We have,
(as)
R:2x+ y- z =3
and P:+2y+ z =2
OM LRS OM RS -o Here n-2+j-
9
and ngi+2+
(a) Direction ratio of the line of intersection of P
15
and Pa is n x ng
Option (d) is corret.
54. Here R( -1)+ Ay= 0 ie. 2 1
-1= (1+2) i 2+1)j +(4 1)
-

1.e R+ Ay+z-1 =0 12 1
whose distance from (0. 1, 0) is 1. 3-j+)
10 +0-11 Hence, statement a is false.

(b)Wehave, y_
IA-11=+2 9 -3
-2 1 This line is parallel to the line of intersection of
=+2 » a =- 2 Pa
P and

Equation of R is 2r- y+ 2-2 =0. Hence, statement (b) is false.

Distance from (a. B. y) is 2. () Let acute angle between R and P, be 0.

2a-B+2y-2-2
41+4
We know that,

cos8 m"a (2i+j- k). G+ 2j+ k)

2a-B+2y-2 = t6 InIIn.2i+j-k||i+ 2j+ k|
2a-ß+2y =8 and 2a -B+2y4 2+2-1_1
55. Since, L is at constant distance from two planes R and Pa 6x62
Therefore, L is parallel to the line through intersection 60
of R and P Hence, statement (c) is true.
(d) Equation of plane passing through the point
DR's of L=12 4,2,-2) and perpendicular to the line of
intersection of R and Py is
2- 3 (r-4)-3 (y-2)+3 (2 +2) =0
=
i2-1)-id+2)+ k (-1-4)=i-3j-6k 3-3y+32- 12 +6 + 6 = 0
DR's of L are (1, -3, -5) passing through (0, 0, 0). -y+2=0

Now, equation of L is Now, distance of the point (2, 1,1) from the plane

-0y-0 - 0 -y+z=0 is
-3 -6 2-1+1 2
D =H
I+1+1 v3
For any pointonL,- 8ayl
-5
Hence, statement (d) is true.
1.e. Pa-3A,-5.)
 3D Geometry 603
lines are coplanar, Ihey the should lie in same
59. Let P(a. B. y) and Ris
image of P in the
ZAN b l a n e
ituation If straight lines are . Ra.B.- ry-plane.
p e s c r i p t i o

Also, Q is the image of

mplanar.
P in the
plane x+ y=3
. P_2-1--2(aB-3
b = 0 2

C2
x=3-ß. y =3 -a, 2 = Y
Since, Qis lies on Z-axis

SInce,
- B 3,a 3,2 = y
P8,3,)
x+1 tL=< are coplanar. Given, distance of P from X-axis be 5.
and 5
5-3+
2 K 2=0 »K*=4 K=t2 25-9 Y=t4
5 2 K Then, PR= 2 = 2 x 41 = 8

n = b, xd, =6j -6k, for k =2 60. The equation of the plane passing through the point
ng= b¡xdg=14j + 14k, for k = -2 (-1,-2,-1) and whose normal is perpendicular to both
the given lines L and L may be written as
SA equation of planes are (r- a) n =0
So x+ 1)+7 (y+2)- 5 (a + 1) =0 » x+7y-5z+
y - 2=- 1 and ( r - a ) n , =0 10 =0
The distance of the point (1, 1, 1) from the
ytz= -1 plane
Given three lines
1+7-5+10 13
units
1+49+25 75
r i , a eR
61. The shortest distance between
r=i + j).p e R L and L, is
and r=v (l+j+ k), ve R 2--1)i +2-2) + --1)ki-7j+5k)
cuts the plane xt y+ 2 =1 at the points A, B and C,
53
respectively. So, for point A, put (a,0, 0) in the plane, we
get A+0+0 = 1 a =1 A = (1,0,0). Similarly, for 3i+4k)-i-7j+5k) 17 5 a nits

point B, put (u,4,0) in the plane, we get u +u+0 =1 5V3

62. The
B-.0 equations of given lines in vector form may be
written as L:r= (-i -2j- k)+à (3i +j+2k)
and for point C, put (v, U, U) in the plane we get
D+U+U=1 and Li (2i -2j+3k)u +2j+3)
11 1
C3'i3)
Now, area of AABC = |ABx ACI= A
Since, the vector is perpendicular to both Ly and Lg.

|3 1 2 i -7j+6k
1 2 3
AB=-i+j
2
and
Required unit vector
AC
--7+5k)
Ve+-7)+(6)53-7+5)
1

i i
ABXAC |2 63. Given three planes are
R:x- y+ 2 =1
Pa:x+ y-2 = -1 ..i)
and B:x-3y+32 =2 .
(ii)
lABxAG=3
6 23
On solving Eqs. 6) and (i), we get
r=0,2= 1+y
which does not satisfy Eq. (ii).
Asx-3y+32 =0 -3y+ 3d+ )=3(2)
6a) =36 16x3 =0.76
4
So, Statement II is true.
604 3D Geometry

Next, since we know that direction ratios of line of B. a+b+ c=0 and a+ b+ t ab+ be+ ca
intersection of planes a,x + b,y + Gz + d = 0
A = 0
and ag + by+ C+ d2 =0 is
The equations have infinitely many solutions.
b,ea- bci.Ga2 -a Cz, a,b -

a ax+by (a + b) z, bx+ cy =(b+ )2

=

Using above result, ( b - ac) y = (b°-ac) z y=2

Direction ratios of lines L, Lg and L are
ax+by+ cy =0
0.2.2:0, -4, -4 :0, -2, -2
Since, all the three lines L, Lg and L are at=ay *=y=z
parallel
pairwise. C. a+ b+ c*0 and a+ b°+ c t ab + bc+ ca
Hence. Statement I is false. A #0
64. Given planes are 3x-6y-22 = 15 and 2x+ y-22 = 5. The equations represent planes meeting at
For 2 = 0, we get x =3. y= -1 only one point.
Since, direction ratios of planes are D. a+b+c=0 and a+b*+¢=ab+ be+ ca
a =b =c=0
<3,-6-2> and <2,1.-2 >
Then the DR's of line of intersection of planesis - The equations represent whole of the
<14, 2. 15>and line is three-dimensional space.
x-3 67. Equation of plane containing the lines
14 say 2x- y+2-3 =0 and 3x + y+ z=5 is
x=14 +3, y=2% -1, z = 152 (2x-yt 2 -3) + (Bx+ y+ 2-5) =0
Hence, Statement I is false. (2+32.)x + (-1) y+ (+1)2-3-5 =0
But Statement II is true. Since, distance of plane from (2,1, -1) to above plane
is 1/6.
65. L - 0 . 2 -1
6 +4 +-1-^ -1-3-5 1

(a -1)2+ (a+ 1)2 v6

Normal ofplane P: n =7 1 2 (3 +2+
6( -1) =11* + 121 +6
3 56

= i(-16) -j-42 -6) +k32) = - 161 + 48j + 32 k 5

DR's of normal n =i-3j- 2k Equations of planes are

2x-y+ =0 and 62x + 29y +
z -3 19z -105 =0
Point of intersection of L, and Lz
68. Let the equation of plane through (1, 1, 1) having a, b, c
2K, +1= K2 + 4
as DR's of normal to plane,
and -h k2 -3
=
k =2 and k =1
a (x-1)+ b (y-1) + c(z- 1) =0
. Point of intersection 5, -2, -1) and plane is parallel to straight line having DR's.

Now equation of plane, 1,0,-1) and (-1,1,0)

1 (x-5)-3(y +2)-2z + 1) =0 a -c=0

x-3y-22 - 13 = 0 and - a +b=0

a =b = c
x-3y-22 = 13
. Equation of plane is
a 1 , b - 3 , c> -2, d-> 13
x-1+ y-1+2-1 =0
|a b c
66. Let A =| b c a or
ca b
Its intercept on coordinate axes are

-a+b+ [ a -b*+ (b-)+ (c-a)"] A3,0,0), B(0,3,0), CO,0, 3).

ab+ bc+ Hence, the volume of tetrahedron OABC
b+ c#0and a+ b*+ =
ca
A. Ifa +
13 0 27cu

-la be]-o o2-

A = 0
s
and a =b=c+0
planes.
The equations represent identical

Survey om
 30 Geometry 605

equation of the plane ABCD be + y-22 =3

the
+d 0, the point A" be , B, ) and the ii) Let the coordinates of Q be (a,B. )
ABCD be h
arof h e parallelopiped
heighto ftthe
+bß+ + d90% h
Iaa Equation ofline PQ2-7-1.:-5
ab++
Since, mid-point of P and Q
cy+ =t 09 h Ja2+ 6°+
bß +

(B1
+
aa

Cz + d=t 0.9h Ja2+5242

Locus is ax + by +
which lies in line PQ.
locus of A" is a plane parallel to the plane
Hence,

-2 + 6
222-1
ABCD.

A Eauation of plane passing through (2, 1, 0) is

2
ar-2)+ b(y-1)+ c(z-0) =0
It also passes through (5, 0, 1) and (4, 1, 1).
3a-b+c=0 and 2a -0b+ c=0

On solving, we get
-;-9, 1-1+1-1+ (-2) -2)

Equation of plane is
-

(x-2)-(y-1)+2(z -0) =0
F()--)-
a =6, B =5,7 =-2
-

(x-2)-y+1+22 =
0 Q6,5,-2)