IR AND RAMAN

SPECTRA AND
ITS APPLICATION
BY
SHIVAGHANAVEL.S
MSC.CHEMISTRY (S.F)
Contents:

 Introduction,
 IR and Raman spectra,
 Selection Rule,
 Application of IR and Raman to
structure Determination,
 Conclusion.
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION REGION ( IN WAVELENGTH)
INFRA-RED
SPECTRSCOPY
1) IR Spectroscopy is the
analysis of infrared light region(760-1
million nm) interacting with the
molecules
2) Analyzation take place by
measuring
absorption,emission,reflection.
3) IR Spectrum results from
light absorption causes vibrational
of molecules(changing of dipole
moment)
Principle:
Every molecules tends to
absorb specific natural frequencies
causes specific structure
 IR Spectra
IR Spectra of 2 – hexanone
o X axis – Percentage of Transmission , Y
axis - wavenumber in c/m
o Solid line shows 100% transmittance
means no absorption occurred at that
frequency , Lower values means some of
energy absorbed by compound and
gives downward spikes called absorption
bands .
o The wave number is defined as
reciprocal of wave length , The IR
spectra decrease from left to right ,
fingerprint region is identical to every
molecule.
• IR SPECTROSCOPY MEASURES THE FREQUENCY OF ADSORPTION BY
SAMPLE IN ITS REGION , THE BOND BETWEEN THE ATOM IS LIKE
SPRING CONNECTING TWO MASSES LIKE SIMPLE HARMONIC
OSCILLATOR,
• THE FREQUENCY OSCILLATION IS PROPORTIONAL TO SQUARE ROOT
OF K/M WHERE K IS SPRING CONSTANT AND M IS MASS OF THE
OBJECT,
• WHEN IR RADIATION ABSORBS THE NATURAL FREQUENCY OF THE
COMPOUND IT UNDERGOES VIBRATION,
• REPRESENTATION OF NORMAL MODES OF VIBRATIONAL WILL BE
ACTIVE IN INFRA RED IF THEY TRANSFORM SIMILAR TO ANY OF THE
CARTESIAN COORDINATES (X,Y,Z) MEANS THE VIBRATION MOTION
HAS SHIFTED THE CHARGE DISTURBUTION IN ANY OF THE
COORDINATED AXES (X,Y,Z).
Selection Rule for IR
APPLICATION
IR spectra are used to determine the structure
functional group of the molecules.
RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
 Raman spectroscopy results
from the scattering of light in
the visible and near infra red
region( wavenumber 10-
4000cm)
 Molecular vibration must
change the electrical
polarisability of the molecule.
 In Raman scattering scaterred
light is right angle to the
incident beam,(Anti-stoke line
the incident radiation gains the
additional frequency)