Intramolecular forces are forces within a molecule (covalent bond)

Intermolecular forces are forces between different molecules (or atoms or ions)

KEEP IN MIND that these are generally attractive forces, and the basis of all theses forces is simple electrostatic
attraction (positive and negative attract) positive aqnd negative attract.

Now, lets just delve into it and talk about these different intermolecular forces.

lets say you will have neutral atoms that has protons and neutrons in the center and electrons around it,
since neutral sila naman jauy man forces of attraction? Tag uno man nila pag attract na dili man sila
dipole? DIPOLE – two poles. Imbalance of electrons may partial positive and negative.

What happen is that an mga electrons sa molecule dili kon behave, di sila naka standby ra sa isa ka
pwesto na bagan nan poste, nag lihok lihok jaun sila. So mostly what happen is that because grabi panga
lihokan nan electron kay nahikadtu an kahamkan sa kilid. If that happens then there would be a slightly
positive sa adtun isa ra and then slightly negative sa hamok electrons.

We call this INSTANTANEOUS DIPOLE.

Dili permamente sija laung, now if INSTANTENEOUS dipole ine na molecule. Inen ika duha na molecule mapansin
na slightly negative an isa ka side, so an mahitabo bagan masuya sila tapos aprehason nila an ila formation.

And because mga insecure man sila instantaneous dipole nasab sila. You see an inen positive
side naatract sa negative side. And force na nag attract saila, we call it.

Read the definition in module

An strength sab nan London dispersion force is naka depende sa

kahamok nan electrons sa molecule.

DIPOLE DIPOLE FORCES

Dinhi na musuyod an importansya nan polarity kay, remember na an mga polar molecules an naka experience nan
dipole-dipole forces. An mga non molecule kay dili ka experience. It is because for ex. An oxygen na favorite natu e
inhale, being a non polar molecule it means even/pantay an ija distribution of electrons wayay ija dipole. However,
in the case of hydrogen na fav. Nato imnon, as polar molecule sija kay dili man pantay an distribution nan electrons
unsa jauy slightly positive and slightly negative therefore may dipole sija. Unsa take note na an polar molecules ra
an maka experience nan dipole-dipole forces of attraction.

So simple ramn an nahitabo dinhi, an mga slightly negative ma attract sa slightly

positive

Inen dipole-dipole force an reason sa likod nan special properties nan water and one of it
is an surface tension. Just like for example, do u believe that a needle cn float in the
water? It is because of the surface tension. Kon ato gajud tan awon an water molecule
diba na ija structure is like a mickey mouse? An talinga/hydrogen is slightly oositive tapos an face is slightly
negative. So kon an inen mga water molecule mag tapad, an slightly posive ma attract sa slightly negative an
ending nagbirabira sila, bagan sila nagka kapit bisig, amo jaun an surface tension. So if may dagom na imo
hinayhinajan pag butang sa water amo jaun na mo float na sija. Amo sab jaun nan reason na circle an water
droplets kay kapitbisig man sila, to the point na ma circle an shape nija.
 HYDROGEN BONDING

Is a special type of dipole-dipole force, and ine an strongest form nan dipole-dipole force. Basically an hydrogen
bond is bond between hydrogen and a highly electronegative atom. Specifically an N, O and F.

EX. AMONIA/NH3

Since this is polasr molecules, slightly negative banda sa nitrogen and slightly positive dapit sa
hydrogen. And because of that ma attract si nitrogen sa hydrogen. And that’s what we cal
hydrogen bond.

Now pwedi sab inen ammonia na hydrogen bond mo bond sab sa oxygen
hydrogen bond gapon an tawag.

BOILING POINT

Read module, an temperature na kailangan para mapakulo mo an isa ka molecule. Ex. Sa wter molecule,kailangan
nan 100 degrees celcius adiser sija mapakulo. So naman may mga molecules na dali ra mapakuloan and jauy lisod
makuloan? It is because may mga molecules tuho na hinay an ija intermolecular forces of attraction. Gamay ra na
init nag buyag buyag na an mga molecule. Piro jauy sab mga molecule na dugay mag buyag, like inen hydrogen
bond nan ammonia, kailangan mo pa e increase an temperature hangtud sa 100 degrees celcius para magkabuyag
buyag an molecules.