KINETIC MOLECULAR

MODEL of SOLIDS and

LIQUIDS and TYPES of
INTERMOLECULAR
FORCES
OBJECTIVES:
a. Compare the properties of liquids and
solids with those of gases;

b. Apply the kinetic molecular theory to

describe liquids and solids; and

c. Identify the types of intermolecular

forces that may operate.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

INTRAMOLECULAR FORCES hold

atoms together in a molecule.

INTERMOLECULAR FORCES are

attractive forces between molecules.
PROPERTIES OF GASES, LIQUIDS, and
SOLIDS
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES (IMF)
- are attractive forces that act between
molecules or particles in the solid or liquid
states. These attractive forces are much
weaker than bonding forces.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES (IMF)

1. London Dispersion forces – result from

temporary dipole moments induced in
ordinarily nonpolar molecules. As electrons
move around the nucleus, an uneven
distribution causes momentary charge
separations. Slightly positive sides of a
molecule are attracted to the slightly
negative sides of the adjacent molecule.
London Dispersion Forces
(van der Waals)
2. Dipole-dipole forces – are attractive forces
between polar molecules (molecules that
possess dipole moments). In polar molecules,
the electrons are unevenly distributed because
some elements are more electronegative than
others. The partial negative side of one
molecule is attracted to the partial positive
side of another molecule.
3. Hydrogen Bonding
- a special type of dipole-dipole
attraction.
4. Ion-dipole forces – polar molecules are
attracted to ions. The positive pole is attracted
to a negative ion (anion), while the negative
pole is attracted to a positive ion (cation).
Next Lesson:
ACTIVITY/EXERCISES

PROPERTIES OF
LIQUIDS AND
UNIQUE
PROPERTIES OF
WATER