Van der Waals Bonds

GROUP 4
1. Aminatul Faizah (4301414051)
2. Aveb Dias Alirsyah (4301414054)
3. Nanda Sekar Galih N (4301414077)
4. Taufiq Hidayat (4301414084)
 Van der Waals bonds

O Van der Waals bonds are attractive forces

between atoms or molecules.

O Van der Waals bond relatively weaker than the

force that arises due to the valence bond.

O The magnitude of this force is 10-7 time
distance between atoms or molecules.
O Van der Waals force caused by the interaction

between non-polar molecules (London force),

between polar molecules (dipole-dipole force) or
between non-polar molecules with polar molecules
(dipole-dipole induced force).
O Van der Waals bonding between liquid molecules

or solid molecules are very weak.

Van der Waals bonding intensity (V) can be calculated by
the following equation :

A dan B :Typical constant electronic structure

of atoms
r : The distance separating the two central atom
 CLASSIFICATION OF VAN DER WAALS BOND

Van Der Walls force can be divided based on the type of

polar molecule, namely:
1. ion–dipole interaction ( Senyawa Ion dan Senyawa
Non Polar)
These intermolecular forces occur between ions and polar
covalent compounds.
O The interaction of ion - dipole is the interaction

(binding) / attraction between ions with polar molecules

(dipole).
O These interactions include the type of interaction that is

relatively strong.
O example, NaCl (ionic compounds) soluble in water (a

polar solvent) and AgBr (ionic compounds) can be

dissolved in NH3 (polar solvent)
2. dipole – dipole interaction (Senyawa Polar dengan Senyawa Polar)

O dipole - dipole interaction is Interaction among polar molecules (dipole).

O This interaction occurs between the tail and the head where the opposite

poles attract each other, and vice versa.

O For example, molecules such as HCl have a permanent dipole because

chlorine is more electronegative than hydrogen.

O This permanent condition, during the formation of dipoles will cause the

molecules to attract each other.

O Molecules that have permanent dipoles will have a higher

boiling point than the molecules that only has temporarily

dipole

3. Ion - induced dipole interaction (Ion dengan Senyawa

Non Polar)
O Interaction between the ions action with induced dipole.

O Induced dipole is a neutral molecule which became

dipole because induction of charged particles nearby

example : I- + I2 → I3
O 
4. Induced dipole - dipole interaction (Senyawa Non Polar
dengan Senyawa Polar)

O A polar molecules adjacent to the nonpolar molecule,

will be able to induce nonpolar molecules. As a result,

nonpolar molecules have induced dipole.

O Dipoles of polar molecules will be mutual attraction with

an induced dipole of nonpolar molecules.

O example : the interaction between HCl (polar molecules)

with (nonpolar molecules).

5. Induced dipole - Induced dipole interaction (Senyawa Non

Polar dengan Senyawa Non Polar)

O The mechanism is a pair of electrons in the molecule,

whether free or bound always moving around the electrons

nucleus that can moving ,can induce a moment on the
neighbors so that neighboring molecules to be polarized
induced moment of these molecules also can induce
neighboring molecules more so formed molecules dipole
moment.
VAN DER WAALS BONDS FACTORS

1. Number of electron in atoms or molecules

O The greater the size of atoms or molecules ,
the greater the number of electrons.
O Getting further the outer electrons from the nucleus and

electron cloud polarized more easily, and the greater the

dispersion forces.
2. Molecular shape
O Elongated molecule or not round molecules more easily

become dipole than round molecules so london disperse

force will be greater.
3. Polarity of molecule
O Because the Van Der Waals bond arising from the polarity ,

the smaller the molecular polarity Van Der Waals force is

also going to become smaller.
 The Properties Of Van der Waals
Force
1. Orientation Force
O Occur in the molecules that have a permanent dipole or
polar molecules.
O The interaction between molecules with positif pole and
with negatif pole from the other molecules will caused
attractive forces that are relatively weak.
O Force of this orientation will be even greater when the
molecules is experiencing the arrangement with the positive
end of a molecule leads to negative end of another molecule.
O For example, HCl molecules.
2. The Impact forces
O Occurs when there is a molecule with a permanent dipole
interaction with dipole moment.
O The presence of molecules (polar molecule) with a
permanent dipole will cause the contagious nature of the
polar molecules to nonpolar molecules, so that electron
from the nonpolar molecules accumulate on one side of the
molecule (motivated or interested in) which led to an
instantaneous dipole - dipole moment in the that molecule.
This moment will result in the existence of attractive
forces between the dipoles that produce the impact force.
3. Dispersion Force ( London Force)
O The force dispersion in nonpolar molecules due to the
influence of the movement of electrons around the nucleus
at random, so that at any time of the electrons will
accumulate on one side of the molecule. The collection of
electrons on one side of this molecule results in a dipole.
O On the side of the many electrons becomes negatively
charged, whereas on the other hand occurred positive pole.
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Mrs. Ella Kusumastuti
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