Study Guide Unit 2: Biochemistry

Chapter 1: The Study of Life

Chapter 2: Chemistry in Biology
What Do I Need To Know?

SB1. Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information to analyze the nature of the relationships
between structures and functions in living cells

c. Construct arguments supported by evidence to relate the structure of macromolecules (carbohydrates, proteins,
lipids, and nucleic acids) to their interactions in carrying out cellular processes.

Vocabulary Assignment: Please create a graphic organizer that includes the following
information: key terms NUMBERED, SUMMARIZED definition and example, drawing OR
pneumonic device that helps you to connect the terms to the definitions.
Section 2.2 Section 2.3 Section 2.4 Section 2.5
1. Solution 7. Carbohydrate 11. Chemical reaction 16. Catalyst
2. Solute 8. Lipid 12. Reactant 17. Enzyme
3. Solvent 9. Protein 13. Product 18. Substrate
4. Acid 10. Nucleic Acid 14. Exothermic
5. Base 15. Endothermic
6. pH

1. What is the smallest particle that can retain its chemical properties?
Atom
2. What is a substance that is composed of only one type of atom?
Element
3. What element must all organic compounds contain?
Carbon
4. Fill in the following table:
Macromolecule Elements Monomer Function Food/example
Carbs CHO Monosaccharides Quick energy Bread, pasta

Lipids CHO Long term energy waxes

Protein CHON Amino acids Muscle contraction, Chicken, beef

transport of oxygen,
immune system
Nucleic acids Chonp Nucleotides Store and transmit ATP
hereitary information

5. Which 2 macromolecules store energy in carbon-hydrogen bonds?

lipids (fat) and glycogen

6. What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fat? Which one is solid at
room temperature and which one is liquid at room temperature?
 Saturted is solid unsatured is liquid

7. Identify the following macromolecule structures

A. protein Look for B. ________Carbs C. _______Lipids D. _Nucleic acids

N Hexagon___________ E_________ ________

8. Write the correct explanation for the following terms:

a. Disaccharide/oligosaccharide: two/three sugars sucrose

b. Polysaccharide: Many sugars. EX starch, cellulose

c. Monosaccharide: one sugar. Slucose, salotose, fructose

d. Peptide: a bond that holds amino acids to settler

e. Polypeptide: many peptides bond, which is what hold the amino acids together

Made up of Amino acids by peptide bonds, Fuctions speed up chemical

reaction, muscle, pump hair nails and bones

9. ATP, NAD, and NADP+ are each types of _______nucleic acids___________, which make up
adenosine phosphates, nucleotide coenzymes and nucleic acids.
10.Describe what happens in a dehydration synthesis chemical reaction. Give an example.
The common ingredient Is water, dehydrate remove water, synthesis is making large
molecules by removing small molecules
Remove water to build a molemalcule, protein
11.Describe what happens in a hydrolysis chemical reaction. Give an example.
Add water to break molecules we do that in digestion

12.What is a catalyst? What is the biological term for it?

 Anything that speeds up a reaction. The biological term is enzymes

13.What is a coenzyme? Is a helper molecule that helps speed up a reaction (speeds up an

enzyme)
14.How does a catalyst/enzyme work to speed up reactions? Enzymes lower the amount of
activation energy, which is a how much energy is needed to start a reaction

15.Draw a graph and label the reactants, products, and activation energy in the color green.
Next draw on the graph the reaction in the presence of a catalyst/enzyme in red.

16.Draw an enzymatic reaction showing an enzyme reacting on a substrate to form a

product. Label the enzyme, substrate, & active site.

17. Describe how the enzyme and substrate is similar to a lock and key.
Is a like a key can be used over again. because it has a specific shape. The lock, is only
like a lock because the enzyme only fits in a specific lock (changes)
18.What 3 things can affect an enzyme's function?
 PH, Temperature and PH concentration

19.What is denaturation and how does it affect the functioning of the enzyme?
When I change the shape of an Enzyme

20.Are enzymes used up in a reaction?(Circle one) YES NO

21.What makes something an acid? (Hint: what does it release in water?)
Anything of value of a pH lower than 7. Hydroxide ions. hydrogen ions.

22.What makes something a base? (Hint: what does it release in water?)

Anything above a 7. It releases Hydroxide ions
23. What does the pH scale measure? (Hint: What does pH stand for?)
How acidic or basic a substance is. Stands for Potential hydrogen
24. Draw a pH scale labeling the pH range numbers, acids, bases, and neutral areas. Also,
label where strong/weak bases are located and strong/weak acids.

Acidic Basic
Neutral
Higher the number the stronger the base so closer to 7 weaker the base
The lower the number the more acidic, the weaker is closer to 7

25. What does one hydrogen (H+) ion and one hydroxide (OH-) ion combine to make?
26. Describe the structure of a polar molecule.
One end of the molecule is postive and the other is negative

27.Draw a water molecule and label the positive and negative ends.
 less electrons are negative more are positive
Hydrogen positive, face is negative oxygen

28.Explain the following bonds and give an example of each:

a. Hydrogen bond = is a positive end is attracted to a negative of another

b. Covalent bond = chemical bond strong, that involves the sharing of electrons

between atoms. Hold one water molecule together.

c. Ionic bond = Electrons not shared but transferred between ions oppositely

charged EX: Sodium chloride NaCI

29.Which 2 types of bonds dissolve best in water due to its polarity? Ionic bonds and
hydrogen bonds.
30.Explain the difference between water and oil which prevents them from mixing in the
same container. Water is polar(charged) and oil is not polar (not charged)

31. Explain how water is an involved with dehydration synthesis chemical reactions and
hydrolysis chemical reactions………….. Because water is taken away

32.What are Van der Waals forces and how do they apply to water properties?
Is the attraction of opposite charges

33.Discuss the following properties of water:

a. Cohesion: Also known as surface tension, and it is water being attracted to

other water molecules. EX over filled glass, water strider and droplets.

b. Adhesion: Also known as capillary action, water being attracted to other -->
 charged molecules. Plants will move upwards to stems and roots.

c. Capillary action: same thing as adhesion?????

d. Polarity: opposite charge, negative and positive ends

e. Density of ice: when water expands

34. Using the properties in number 33, explain how these are vital to living organisms using
humans and plants as examples. Trees need to collect water from the ground usind adhesion

Important Dates!
*Biochemistry Vocabulary Assignment DUE: Thursday, 1/26
*Biochemistry QUIZ: Friday, 1/27
*Biochemistry Menu Activity DUE: Monday, 1/30
*Biochemistry Study Guide DUE: Tuesday, 1/31
*Unit 2 Biochemistry TEST: Wednesday, 2/1
*Unit 2: Biochemistry Activity log DUE: Thursday, 2/2
**McMush Lab Report DUE: Friday, 2/3
What should I use to study for my test?
● Powerpoint notes
● This study guide
● The links your teacher has under the digital sessions for this unit.