Scribd
Upload
95 views3 pages

Hybridization Types and Examples

sp, sp2, sp3, sp3d, and sp3d2 hybridizations involve different numbers of electron groups and orbital angles. sp hybridization involves 2 groups at 180 degrees. sp2 involves 3 groups at 120 degrees. sp3 involves 4 groups at 109.5 degrees. Examples of each type of hybridization and the compounds that exhibit them are provided.

Uploaded by

Arian Raya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
95 views3 pages

Hybridization Types and Examples

sp, sp2, sp3, sp3d, and sp3d2 hybridizations involve different numbers of electron groups and orbital angles. sp hybridization involves 2 groups at 180 degrees. sp2 involves 3 groups at 120 degrees. sp3 involves 4 groups at 109.5 degrees. Examples of each type of hybridization and the compounds that exhibit them are provided.

Uploaded by

Arian Raya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

sp Hybridization

Linear: Two electron groups are involved resulting in sp


hybridization; the angle between the orbitals is 180°

All compounds of beryllium, like BeF2, BeH2, BeCl2

All compounds of a carbon-containing triple bond, like C2H2.

sp2 Hybridization
•Trigonal planar: Three electron groups are involved
resulting in sp2 hybridization, and the angle between the
orbitals is 120°.
• All the compounds of Boron, i.e., BF3 and BH3

• All the compounds of carbon-containing a carbon-carbon double bond, Ethylene (C2H4)

sp3 Hybridization
•Tetrahedral: Four electron groups are involved resulting in
sp3 hybridization, and the angle between the orbitals is
109.5°.
• Each sp3 hybrid orbital has 25% s character and 75% p character.

• Examples of sp3 hybridization are ethane (C2H6) and methane.

Sp3d Hybridization
•Trigonal bipyramidal: Five electron groups are involved resulting
in sp3d hybridization; the angle between the orbitals is 90°,
120°.
• Example: Hybridization in Phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5)

sp3d2 Hybridization
•Octahedral: Six electron groups are involved resulting in
sp3d2 hybridization, and the angle between the orbitals is 90°.

• sp hybridization ((Beryllium chloride, BeCl2; Acetylene, C2H2)


• sp2 hybridization (boron trichloride BCl3 , ethylene C2H4)
• sp3 hybridization (methane CH4, Ethane, C2H6 )
• sp3d hybridization (phosphorus pentachloride PCl5))
• sp3d2 hybridization (sulphur hexafluoride SF6)
• sp3d3 hybridization (iodine heptafluoride IF7)

• 1s and 1 p: sp orbitals
• 1s and 2p: sp2 orbitals
• 1s and 3p: sp3 orbitals
• 1s, 3p, and 1d: sp3d orbitals
• 1s, 3p, and 2d: sp3d2 orbitals

You might also like