TOPICS

● Illustrate Rizal’s Family Background and Historical Background (ABAWAG)

(first slide)

DON FRANCISCO MERCADO RIZAL

(second slides)
-The father of Jose Rizal was of chinese origin.

DOMINGO LAM-CO
-who came from foreign province in china. They settled in Parian district, but because of land disputes,
they resettled in Binan Laguna.
- he married Inez dela Rosa who was also a chinese mestiza
- they had two children named francisco and josefa
 (third slides)
Domingo gave the surname Mercado (which means a merchant) to his son Francisco, because they came
from a line of respectable merchants.

(fourth slides)
Francisco Mercado Sr. married bernarda monicha
-they had 2 children named Juan and Clemente

Juan married thrice to Cirila alejandro

-they had 14 children

Francisco Mercado Jr.

- June 28, 1848 he married to Teodora alonso

(fifth slides)
In 1849, General Narciso Claveria decreed that all native should have a distinctive family name.
Francisco was not satisfied with his surname, so he adopted the spanish name Rizal.

“A green field for pasture or a field which is green after the grain has been cut”

(Sixth slide)

Don Francisco was the youngest of 13 offspring of Juan and Cirila Mercado.
-born in binan laguna on april 18,1818
- studied Latin and Philosophy at the college of San Jose Manila
-he was described as “model father” as a man of “solid shoulders, strong constitutions, tall, serious,
noble”
-he became cabeza de barangay in Calamba
-first to build a stone house and buy another
-own a library
-In just 6 days after the death of Rizal, Don Francisco Mercado died in the house of his daughter Narcisa
on Calle Estruede in Binondo, Manila
- died at the age of 80, year after of the hero’s execution

(seventh slide)

Dona Teodora Alonso (1826-1911)

She was born in Merisik, Sta. Cruz Manila on November 14,1827 and died in 1913.
-She studied at Colegio de Sta. Rosa in Manila.
-She was a woman of refined culture and character, with exemplary literary talents, the fortitude of a
Spartan woman and with business ability, she managed their store.
-she was second child of Lorenzo Alonso and Brijida de Quintos
- twice imprisoned by the authorities for flimsy reasons.
- she was baptized in Sta.Cruz Manila, November 18,1827, as Teodora Morales Alonso
● Describe Rizal’s Childhood Experience (ALONZO)
● Identify family members of Rizal who influenced him to become a high intelligent person (ANG)
● Discuss Rizal’s achievement as a student in Ateneo Municipal de Manila and Unibersidad de Santo
Tomas (AGUAS)

First slide: Scholastic Triumph at Ateneo Municipal De Manila (1872-1877)

Second slide: *pic only*

Third slide: Before he was admitted to Ateneo Municipal De Manila

The college registrar, Father Magin Ferrando, refused to admit him because:
(1) Late for registration
(2) Sickly and undersized for his age

Backer: Manuel, Xerez Burgos, nephew of Father Burgos.

Fourth slide: Jesuit Education
Fifth slide: First year in Ateneo (1872-1873)

● Class consists of Spaniards, mestizos and Filipinos.

● Being a newcomer, he was placed at the bottom of the class as an externo, he was
placed to the Cathaginians occupying the end of the line.
● At the end of the month he became the emperor.
● He was the brightest pupil in the class and he received a prize: “How pleased I
was when I won my first prize, a religious picture.”
● To improve his Spanish, Rizal took private lessons in Santa Isabel College during
noon recesses.
● Finished his first year having “excellent” in all his grades.

Sixth slide: Second year in Ateneo (1873-1874)

● Regretted neglecting his studies last year due to teacher’s remark, he studied
harder and regained the title of “emperor”
● Received “excellent” grades in all subjects and a gold medal.
Seventh slide: Third year in Ateneo (1874-1875)

● Rizal was not impress with his scholastic works

● His grades remained excellent in all subjects, but he won only one medal in latin.

Eighth slide: Fourth year in Ateneo (1875-1876)

● He became an interno.
● He topped all his classmates in all subjects and won five medals at the end of the
school term.
● Rizal was able to repay his “father somewhat for his sacrifices”

Ninth slide: Last year in Ateneo (1876-1877)

● Excelled in all subjects he was considered the most brilliant Atenean of his time,
he was truly “the pride of the Jesuits”.
● Rizal obtained the highest grades in all subjects: Philosophy, physics, biology,
chemistry, languages and many more.
● Graduated with highest honors
● On commencement day, March 23, 1877, received from his alma mater, Ateneo
Municipal, the degree of bachelor of arts with the grade of Sobresaliente
(Excellent) and got five first prize medals in philosophy, drawing,
comportamiento(good behavior ), good boarder, and aplicacion (studiousness) as
well as honorable mention in physics and chemistry.
Tenth slide: Extra-Curricular Activities in Ateneo
● He was an active member, later secretary of a religious society, the Marian
Congregation.
● Rizal was also a member of the Academy of Spanish Literature and the Academy
of Natural Sciences.
● He also devoted his spare time to arts. He even impressed his Jesuit professors by
carving the image of the blessed Virgin Mary on a piece of batikuling with his
pocket knife.
● One of his many poems is Mi Primera Inspiracion (My first inspiration) which is
his first poem dedicated to his mother on her birthday.
● Other listed poems he wrote in Ateneo:

Eleventh slide: Rizal in University of Santo Tomas

● In 1877, Rizal who was nearly 16 years old, matriculated in the UST, taking the
course on Philosophy and Letters.
● During his first term (1877-1878) he then studied cosmology, metaphysics,
Theodicy, and History of Philosophy.
 ● The following term (1878-1879) that Rizal, having received the Ateneo rector’s
advice to study medicine, took up the medical course, enrolling simultaneously in
the preparatory medical course and the regular first year medical course.
● In 1878, Rizal also studied in the Ateneo in which he took up the vocational
course leading to the title of perito agrimensor (experst surveyor).
● Rizal excelled in all subjects in the surveying course in the Ateneo which made
him obtain gold medals in agriculture and topography.
● Although Rizal was then a Thomasian, he still continued to participate actively in
Ateneo’s extra-curricular activities. He was the president of Spanish literature and
secretary of the academy of natural sciences. He also continued his membership
in the Marian congregation, of which he was the secretary.

Twelfth slide: While at UST, Rizal showed his literary prowess.

● Rizal joined the contest the Artistic-Literary Lyceum of Manila (Liceo

Artistico-Literario) in 1879 and submitted a poem entitled “A La Juventud
Filipina,” (To the Filipino Youth) as his entry to the competition.
● The Board of Judges, which is composed of Spaniards, was impressed by Rizal's
poem and gave it the first prize which consisted of a silver pen, feather-shaped
and decorated with a ribbon.
● This winning poem of Rizal is a classic in Philippine literature for two reasons:
(1) It was the first great poem in Spanish written by a Filipino, whose merit
was recognized by Spanish literary authorities.
(2) It expressed for the first time the nationalistic concept that the Filipinos,
and not the foreigners, were the "fair hope of the Fatherland".

Thirteenth slide: The Council of the Gods

● In 1880, Rizal was inspired by his poetical triumph the previous year, submitting
an allegorical drama entitled El Consejo de los Dioses (The Council of the Gods)
 in which he won first prize in a sponsored competition in celebrating the
centenary of the death of Miguel de Cervantes.
● Rizal was awarded a gold ring on which was engraved the bust of cervantes.
● For the first time in history, an Indio, a 19 year old Filipino medical student,
excelled in a national literary contest, defeating several Spanish writers of his
time in Manila.

Fourteenth slide: Other literary works of Rizal

● While an active alumni of Ateneo de Manila and a medical student at UST. He
wrote the following artistic pieces:

➔ Junto al Pasig (Beside the Pasig) – This is a drama staged at the Ateneo by
members of the Academy of Spanish Literature. The following are the
characters in Rizal’s play: Candido, Pascual, Satan, Leonido, First Boy,
Second Boy, and Third Boy. This was one of Rizal’s play that came in
Zarzuela form which was staged in Ateneo de Manila on the 8th of
December 1880, in celebration of the yearly Feast Day of the Immaculate
Conception.

➔ A Filipinas (To the Philippines) – A sonnet that Rizal dedicated to the

Society of Sculptures in 1880.

➔ Abd-el Azis y Mohamad (ABD-EL-AZIS a Mohammed) – This poem was

declared by Manuel Fernandez, an Ateneo student whose piece recalls the
struggle between the Spanish people and the Moors in Spain.

➔ Al M.R.P.: Pablo Ramon, Rector del Ateneo en sus Dias, (Birthday

Greetings to the Very Reverend Father Pablo Ramon, S.J.) – Rizal gave
honors to the kind priest who raised his spirit and intelligence. Rizal wrote
the poem on January 25, 1881.

Fifteenth slide: Rizal in University of Santo Tomas

● Despite the unfriendly attitude of his professors, Rizal, the most brilliant graduate
of Ateneo, failed to win high scholastic honors. Although his grades in the first
year of the philosophy course were all “excellent”, they were not impressive in
the four years of his medical course. His scholastic records in the UST
(1879-1882) were as follows…
Discuss why Rizal’s family tree in his mother side is incomplete (BABARAN)

● Compare and contrast his life in Ateneo and UST (ARROYO)

First slides
● In 1872, Rizal was sent by his parents to study in Manila. He entered Ateneo Municipal.
● In 1877, He entered University of Santo Tomas

Second slides
● Rizal eventually earned a land surveyor’s and assessor’s degree from the Ateneo Municipal.
● Jose Rizal returned to Manila and enrolled at the UST, taking the course Philosophy and Letters, though
at that time.
 Third slides
● Experiences and sufferings of Rizal in Ateneo.
 Fourth slides
● Experiences and sufferings of Rizal in University of Santo Tomas.

Fifth slides
● Year he graduated in Ateneo.
● Year he graduated from the University of Santo Tomas.
5 - Discuss why Rizal’s family tree in his mother side is incomplete (BABARAN)

SOURCE: Dr. Bimbo Santa Maria, I-Witness Documentary, Rizal’s Family members; Barbara Cruz-Gonzales
and Gerry Alberto.

PPT
Script
(1st Slide)

Doña Teodora Alonzo Realonda y Quintos

- Mother of Jose Rizal

 - came from a family of lawyers, priests, engineers, and government officials.
- According to legend, Descendents of Lakandula, Tondo’s last native king.
-

(2nd slide)

(3rd Slide) Donya Teodora Imprisonment

- She was imprisoned for two and a half years in 1872 on false claims
of poisoning her brother's wife.
 (4th slide)

(5th Slide)

Every family has secrets, including the Rizals of

Calamba, one of the most influential families in Philippine
history. Jose Rizal created his family tree in the year he
died, 1896. Surprisingly, he omitted the branches that led
to his mother, Teodora Alonzo. What was he attempting to
conceal?
(6th Slide)

- Referred as brother, cousin, half-brother or

step-brother of Teodora.
- Favorite brother of Teodora
- Before Lorenzo Alberto Alonso (Teodora and Jose
Alberto's father) married Brigida, he "had married a
12-year old Ilocana named Paula Florentino in 1814."
(Ocampo, 2013, p. 38).
-

(7th Slide)
- Dr. Bimbo Santa Maria, a member of the Bian-based nonprofit United Artists for Cultural
Conservation and Development (UACCD), believes the half-brother issue was part of the family's
strategy to maintain relations with the Spanish government. ("Mga Lihim ng Pamilya ni Rizal").
Sta. Cruz has spent many years researching Rizal's relatives. Maria was aware that Lorenzo
Alberto had been made a "Knight of the Order of Queen Isabella the Catholic" for his assistance
to the Dominicans in their missions in Indo-China. After his death, the title was transferrable to
one of his lawful offspring.
- In court, however, all of his children by Brigida Quintos (including Teodora Alonzo and Jose
Alberto) were declared illegitimate. To gain the prestigious title, Jose Alberto declared himself the
legal son of Lorenzo Alberto and Paula Florentino, thereby disowning his true mother.

(8th Slide)
 Jose Alonzo

- Barbara Cruz Gonzales (apo sa tuhod ng kapatid ni Rizal na si Maria) said that Jose (Teodora's
brother) had a kid with his niece, Saturnina Rizal (the eldest of Rizal's sisters), and the child was
Soledad Rizal (the youngest). Saturnina went on vacation with her mother Teodora to hide this
heinous conduct, only to return with a newborn kid. Teodora claimed ownership of the child. With
a mestizo father, Soledad was the most attractive of the Rizal sisters. If this story is genuine, it
could explain the conflict between the Alonzo and Alberto families.

References:

Zaide, G.F. & Zaide, S.M. (2008). Jose Rizal: life, works and writings of a genius writer, scientist and national
hero. All-Nations Publishing Co., Inc.

M. Simms, 2014. “The Family Background of Jose Rizal” Accessed from

https://prezi.com/_akosb5iwdoc/the-family-background-of-jose-rizal/

J.R. Lim, 2016. “Rizal at the University of Santo Tomas” Accessed from
https://thelifeandworksofrizal.blogspot.com/2016/06/rizal-at-university-of-santo-tomas-1877.html

(n.d.). “The Myth on the Gracious Maria Makiling” Accessed from

https://www.philippinesinsider.com/myths-folklore-superstition/the-myth-on-the-gracious-maria-makiling/

A. Fajardo, 2017. “Mga Paaralan Kung Saan Nag-aral si Dr. Jose Rizal” Accessed from
https://prezi.com/xeqllopl6sfx/mga-paaralan-kung-saan-nag-aral-si-dr-jose-rizal/

(n.d.). “RIZAL’S LIFE: FAMILY, CHILDHOOD AND EARLY EDUCATION” Acessed from
https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/ilocos-sur-polytechnic-state-college/life-and-work-of-rizal/rizals-life-famil
y-childhood-and-early-education/14375559
[GMA Public Affairs]. (2011, January 31). Mga Lihim ng Pamilya ni Rizal,’ dokumentaryo ni Howie Severino
[Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qu4AV5wp5OY

L. Enriquez, 2017. “Rizal's life in UST” Accessed from

https://www.slideshare.net/LENYENRIQUEZ/rizals-life-in-ust

C. Gutting. “Rizal In Ateneo” Accessed from

https://angbuhaynijprizal.wordpress.com/rizal-in-ateneo/#:~:text=He%20entered%20Ateneo%20Municipal.,add
ed%20up%20to%20the%20situation

Imelda, N., & Sion, P. J. (n.d.). “Rizal’s Life Family Childhood and Early Education.” Accessed from
https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/university-of-rizal-system/life-and-works-of-rizal/chapter-3-rizals-life-f
amily-childhood-and-early-education/20835352

Answer keys for quiz:

1. Haribon
2. Mi Primera Inspiracion or My First Inspiration
3. Haribon
4. Pocket knife
5. Uncle Manuel Alberto or Manuel Alberto
6. Silver pen, feather-shaped and decorated with a ribbon.
7. Haribon
8. Haribon