Magentite sand is naturally ferromagnetic with magnetic minerals such as magnetite (Fe3O4), hematite

(α-Fe2O3) and maghemite (γ- Fe2O3 ) in sand has strong magnetic properties. Silicone Oxide (SiO2) are
also present in Magnetite Sand. XRF (X-Ray fluorescence) is used to determine the contents of the
Magnetite sand and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) is used to determine the crystallinity and Vibrating Sample
Magnetometer (VSM) to determine the magnetic properties of iron sand. It is shown that Fe element is
the most dominant element is magnetite sand. Ti and Mn also have magnetic properties.

Karbeka, M., Koly, F., Tellu, N., (2021, June 24) Characterization of Magnetic Content. From Puntaru
Beach Iron Sand AIP Conference Proceedings 2349, 020026 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0051992

Magentite sand is naturally ferromagnetic with magnetic minerals such as magnetite (Fe3O4), hematite
(α-Fe2O3) and maghemite (γ- Fe2O3 ) in sand has strong magnetic properties. Toner for
electrophotography printing and photocopying processes contain Fe3O4 (Magnetite Sand) for its
pigments. The content of minerals in the iron sand is very potential as industrial materials.

Fahlepy, M. R., Tiwow, V. A., Subaer. (2018) IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 997 (2018)
012036 doi :10.1088/1742-6596/997/1/012036. From https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-
6596/997/1/012036/pdf

A natural Magnetite was characterized and evaluated as a potential material for efficient thermal energy
storage applications. It is capable of thermal conductivity because of its high-melting temperature,
ecological friendliness and non-flammability, we consider natural. Magnetite and proposed treatment
route as extremely promising for thermal energy storage applications.

Grosu, Y., Faik, A., Ortega-Fernandez, I., D’Aguanno, B. (2017, March) Natural Magnetite for thermal
energy storage: Excellent thermophysical properties, reversible latent heat transition and controlled
thermal conductivity. 2017, March. From
https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S092702481630527X?
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