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DGA and its interpretation techniques for power transformers

Presentation · September 2008

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 DGA and its interpretation
techniques for power transformers
ELEC9712: High Voltage Systems
22 Sept 2008

Adam Junid, Simin Li, Lingfeng Ni

Photos:
•Willrox, 2008
Student IDs: 3170043, z3229153, z3214106
•Makhtar et al, 2008
 General concepts
Under thermal and/or fault conditions,
Transformer oil decomposes into
gases known as “Fault Gases”.

Other products of heat, PD and fault

arcing:
• X-Wax:
•Solid particles of carbon and
hydrocarbons due to reaction
with paper insulation
• Copper particles:
•From winding vibrations
• Furans:
•Colorless, flammable, highly
volatile liquid with a boiling
point of about 31.4 deg C due
to thermal decomposition of
cellulose

Taken from Jakob, 2008

 Fault Gases and indications of oil
pyrolysis due to heating and arcing

Taken from Jakob, 2008, Blackburn, 2008

 Energies used to create Fault Gas

Gas bond type Scission energy required

C-H 338 kJ/mole

C-C 607 kJ/mole

C=C 720 kJ/mole

Source: IEC 60599

 Relative Fault Gas production with
respect to oil temperature

Taken from Blackburn, 2008

 Relative Fault Gas solubility with
respect to temperature

Taken from Blackburn, 2008

 Sampling of gas by syringe
(ASTM D3613)

Taken from IEC 60599

 DGA sampling periodicity practice
Operator Periodicity
NGC UK (1998) Annually
PGB CUF-K (2008) Annually
Transgrid (2008) Annually
Miri Crude Oil If oil fails dielectric test
Terminal (2004) (checked every 2 years)
Shell DEP (2000) If oil fails dielectric test
(checked every 4 years)

Sources: IEEE (1998), PTS (2000), Peni (2004), Makhtar et al (2008)

 Gas extraction
IEC 60567 extraction methods:

1.Extraction by vacuum
2.Extraction by displacement of the
dissolved gases by bubbling a
carrier gas through the oil sample
(stripping)
3.Extraction by partitioning of gases
between the oil sample and a small
volume of the carrier gas at the head
space

Daily maintenance calibrations and

recalibrations prior to each different
sample are required
Photos:
•www.transformerengineeringservices.com ,
www.practicingoilanalysis.com/backup/200207/GasChroma-Fig1.jpg
 Interpretation techniques
Roger’s Ratio Method:

Taken from Blackburn (2008)

 Interpretation techniques
A flowchart approach to the Roger’s Ratio method

Taken from Jakob (2008)

 Interpretation Techniques
• IEC 60599 criteria

Taken from Miranda et al, 2005

 Interpretation Techniques
• Graphical approach to IEC 60599 interpretation method

Taken from IEC 60599

 Interpretation Techniques

• Simplified IEC 60599 interpretation ratios

 Interpretation Techniques
• IEC 60599 interpretation method flowchart

Taken from IEC 60599

 Interpretation Techniques
• IEEE “Key Gas” ratios:

Taken from Jakob, 2008

 Interpretation Techniques
• IEEE transformer conditions based on TDCG

Taken from Jakob, 2008

 Interpretation Techniques
• IEEE recommended actions based on TDCG

Taken from Jakob, 2008

 Interpretation Techniques
• The Duval Triangle
Method:
– Used for diagnostics
after transformer has
been confirmed to
have a fault problem

BEFORE AFTER
Relative Accuracy of DGA
Techniques
Relative
accuracy
of DGA
labs
 DGA applied to OLTCs

Taken from Blackburn, 2008

 DGA
applied
to
OLTCs
 Future Developments in DGA

• Online
monitoring

• New
interpretation Gas bond type Scission energy
techniques required
involving gases C-C 607 kJ/mole
with C3 bonds
C=C 720 kJ/mole
C C 960 kJ/mole
• Photos:
– www.kelman.com
– www.doble.com/parts/files/Image/idd-calisto-lg.jpg
 Future Developments in DGA

• New interpretation
techniques for
biodegradable oils

• Taken from:
– Muhamad and Phung et al, 2008
– IEC 60599 (and edited)
 Thank you
Question time

Adam Junid, Simin Li, Lingfeng Ni

Student IDs: 3170043, z3229153, z3214106
Photos:
•img.diytrade.com/cdimg/606585/5134641/1/1201141903/oil_sample_of_ZJA_transformer_oil_purifier.jpg
•Makhtar, 2008
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