Name: Shane Marione Patron Course/Year: BSCE-2A

Date Submitted:
FIELDWORK TWO: HORIZONTAL ANGLE MEASUREMENT
“CLOSING THE HORIZON”
OBJECTIVES:
1. Use an engineer’s transit to measure horizontal angles.
2. To become familiar working with angles in degrees, minutes, and seconds format.
EQUIPMENT: Engineer’s transit, tripod, range pole
SITUATION A:

Point Direct Reading Reverse Reading

B-C Main scale: 36°40ʹ00ʹʹ Main scale: 36°20ʹ00ʹʹ
Vernier Scale: 13’00’’ Vernier Scale: 13’00’’
36°53’00’’ 36°27’00’’
C-B Main scale: 323°20ʹ00ʹʹ Main scale: 323°00ʹ00ʹʹ
Vernier Scale: 13’00’’ Vernier Scale: 07’00’’
323°33’00’’ 323°07’00’’

Point Sighted HA Direct Read HA Reverse Mean HA Angle

Read
B 00°00’00’’ 00°00’00’’ 00°00’00’’ ----
C 36°53ʹ00ʺ 36°27ʹ00ʺ 36°40ʹ00ʺ 36°40ʹ00ʺ
B 323°33ʹ00ʺ 323°07ʹ00ʺ 323°20ʹ00ʺ 323°20ʹ00ʺ
SUM: 360°00’00’’

ERROR: 360°00’00’’ – 360°00’00’’ = 0°00’00’’

SITUATION B:

Point Direct Reading Reverse Reading

C-A Main scale: 82°40ʹ00ʹʹ Main scale: 81°00ʹ00ʹʹ
Vernier Scale: 00’00’’ Vernier Scale: 00’00’’
82°40’00’’ 81°00’00’’
A-C Main scale: 279°20ʹ00ʹʹ Main scale: 277°00ʹ00ʹʹ
Vernier Scale: 00’00’’ Vernier Scale: 20’00’’
279°00’00’’ 277°20’00’’

Point Sighted HA Direct Read HA Reverse Mean HA Angle

Read
C 00°00’00’’ 00°00’00’’ 00°00’00’’ ----
A 82°40ʹ00ʺ 81°00ʹ00ʺ 81°50ʹ00ʺ 81°50ʹ00ʺ
 C 279°00ʹ00ʺ 277°20ʹ00ʺ 278°10ʹ00ʺ 278°10ʹ00ʺ
SUM: 360°00’00’’

ERROR: 360°00’00’’ – 360°00’00’’ = 0°00’00’’

SITUATION C:

Point Direct Reading Reverse Reading

A-B Main scale: 58°40ʹ00ʹʹ Main scale: 59°00ʹ00ʹʹ
Vernier Scale: 07’00’’ Vernier Scale: 00’00’’
58°47’00’’ 59°00’00’’
B-A Main scale: 301°00ʹ00ʹʹ Main scale: 301°00ʹ00ʹʹ
Vernier Scale: 00’00’’ Vernier Scale: 13’00’’
301°00’00’’ 301°13’00’’

Point Sighted HA Direct Read HA Reverse Mean HA Angle

Read
A 00°00’00’’ 00°00’00’’ 00°00’00’’ ----
B 58°47ʹ00ʺ 59°00ʹ00ʺ 58°53ʹ30ʺ 58°53ʹ30ʺ
A 301°00ʹ00ʺ 301°13ʹ00ʺ 301°06ʹ30ʺ 301°06ʹ30ʺ
SUM: 360°00’00’’

ERROR: 360°00’00’’ – 360°00’00’’ = 0°00’00’’

CALCULATIONS:

1. Sum of the angle to check the precision:

▪ Theoretical sum of included angles of a closed traverse = (2n - 4) × 90°

= (2(3) - 4) × 90°
= 180°00’00’’
▪ Error in actual included angles
= (Theoretical Sum of Included Angles – Total Actual Included Angles) / n
= [ 180°00ʹ00ʺ - (36°40ʹ00ʺ + 81°50ʹ00ʺ + 58°53ʹ30ʺ)] / 3
= (180°00ʹ00ʺ - 177°23ʹ30ʺ) / 3
= 2°36ʹ30ʺ / 3
= ± 52’10’’ (to be added)
Angle Observed Values Correction mpv
∠BAC 36°40ʹ00ʺ + 52ʹ10ʺ 37º32' 10"
∠CBA 81°50ʹ00ʺ + 52ʹ10ʺ 82º42'10"
∠ACB 58°53ʹ30ʺ + 52ʹ10ʺ 59º45'40"
Sum 177°23ʹ30ʺ + 2°36ʹ30ʺ 180º00'00"