Department of Education

Science Grade 7
Parts and Functions of Microscope
Second Quarter - Week 1

Rea R. Quezada
Hynah R. Centeno
Writer

Reynante H. Espeleta
Validator

Dr. Ador B. Querubin

Dean B. Hermoso
Clarisa C. Avila
Armida S. Oblinada
Quality Assurance Team

Schools Division Office – Muntinlupa City

Student Center for Life Skills Bldg., Centennial Ave., Brgy. Tunasan, Muntinlupa City
(02) 8805-9935 / (02) 8805-9940
Lesson 1: Identify the parts of the microscope and their functions.
At the end of the module, you should be able to:
1. discuss the history of the microscope and its uses;
2. describe the parts of the microscope and its functions; and
3. identify the basic microscope techniques and rules to follow.

Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Who coined the term “cell” after looking at a specimen under the
microscope?
A. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek C. Hans Lippershey
B. Galileo Galilei D. Robert Hooke
2. Who was the first scientist to observe bacteria using a microscope?
A. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek C. Robert Brown
B. Hans Lippershey D. Robert Hooke
3. Which specimen was seen by Robert Hooke using a microscope?
A. Tissue C. Blood cells
B. Cells D. Human cells
4. Which of the following is referred to as a light microscope?
A. Compound microscope C. Metallurgical microscope
B. Electron microscope D. Stereo microscope
5. Which part of the microscope is used to hold the glass slide in place and
prevent it from moving?
A. Base C. Stage
B. Fine adjustment knob D. Stage clip
6. Which part of the microscope contains the shutter that regulates the amount
of light entering the lens system?
A. Arm C. Diaphragm
B. Body tube D. Eyepiece
7. Which part of the head/body of the microscope do you look through to see a
magnified image?
A. Eyepiece C. Nosepiece
B. Light source D. Objective lens
8. Which base part of the microscope allows you to change the amount of light
needed to view the specimen accurately?
A. Body tube C. Eyepiece
B. Diaphragm D. Mirror
9. If you are looking through an eyepiece with 10x magnification, and the
objective lens you’re using is 40x magnification, what is the total
magnification of the image?
A. 10x C. 400x
B. 40x D. 4000x
10. Which body parts of the microscope holds the eyepiece or ocular?
A. Body tube C. Revolving nosepiece
B. Draw tube D. Stage

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 11. Which part of the microscope will you use to get a sharp focus of the object
being examined?
A. Coarse adjustment knob C. Fine adjustment knob
B. Inclination joint D. Objective lens
12. What do you use to carry the microscope, along with the base?
A. Arm C. Light source
B. Body tube D. Stage
13. Which of the following NOT credited with the invention of the microscope?
A. Hans Janssen C. Marie Curie
B. Hans Lippershey D. Zacharias Janssen
14. What should be used to observe bacteria?
A. 60x objective and 15x eyepiece
B. 3x objective and a 10x eyepiece
C. 97x objective with immersion oil and 5x objective
D. 60x objective with immersion oil and 10x eyepiece

15. Which of the following can be observed using a light microscope?

A. Five peso coin C. The bark of Acacia Tree
B. Stone D. Tip of gumamela leaf

Directions: Write True if the statement is correct and if not write False.

_____1. All solutions are homogeneous mixtures, they are the same throughout.
_____2. When a solution can still dissolve a solute is a saturated solution.
_____3. Solubility is the amount of solute that can be dissolved in a certain solvent
at a temperature.
_____4. When a solution contains less solute than its solvent it can dissolve.
_____5. Solutions can be supersaturated if they contain more dissolved solute than
saturated solutions under the same conditions

MICROSCOPY: The Discovery of Microscope

A microscope is an instrument used to see objects that are minute to be
seen by the naked eyes. Microscopy is the science of investigating small objects
and structures using such an instrument. Microscopic means invisible to the
naked eye unless aided by a microscope. The earliest known compound
microscopes, which combine an objective lens near the specimen with an eyepiece
to view a real image in 1590, three Dutch spectacle makers- Father-and-son Hans
and Zacharias Janssen and Hans Lippershey –have received credit for inventing
the compound microscope with an eyepiece and an objective lens. In 1667, Robert
Hooke’s famous “Micrographia” was published, in which he coined the term “cell”
that describes the features of plant tissue (cork from the bark of an oak tree). Later
in 1675, Anton van Leeuwenhoek used a microscope with one lens to observe

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insects and other specimens. He was the first to observe bacteria and was known
as the “Father of Microscopy”. In 1931, Max Knoll and Ernst Ruska developed the
first commercial electron microscope.

Parts and Functions of Microscope

Ocular or Eyepiece: The lens of the viewer looks through to see the specimen and
usually contains a 10x or 15x power lens.
Body tube: It connects the eyepiece to the objective lenses.
Objective lens: It focuses and magnifies
the specimen. It contains two objective
lenses- Low Power Objective (LPO) is
marked 10x or 12x while High Power
Objective (HPO) is marked as 40x, 43x 0r
60x. If the longest objective is marked as
97x or 100x o OIO, then it has an oil
immersion objective (OIO) that is used to
view bacteria, very small protists, and
fungi.
Coarse adjustment knob: It moves the
body tube up and down to focus image.
Fine adjustment knob: It is the smaller
knob for slow or little movement when
focusing on the high power objective (HPO)
and gets a sharper focus of the specimen. Figure 1: The Light Microscope and its
parts
Revolving nosepiece: Attached to the base of
the body tube, it holds and facilitates the shifting of objective lenses.
Stage: A platform that holds and supports the slide with the specimen is placed.
Stage clips: It holds the slide in place on the stage.
Arm: It serves as a handle and connects the base and the body tube.
Base: It supports the entire microscope.
Diaphragm: Found under the stage, it controls the amount of light passing through
the specimen.
Mirror or light source: Produces light that passes through the diaphragm.
Inclination joint: A movable hinge that attaches the frame of the microscope to
the base, it is used for tilting or inclining the microscope.

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Activity 1.1: What am I?

Objective: Identify the parts and functions of the microscope.

A. Directions: Label the numbered parts of the illustration below.

B. Directions: List down the identified parts of the Microscope in part A and
provide the functions of each part.

PARTS FUNCTIONS

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Critical Thinking:

1. Why is microscope important?

2. How does the microscope contribute during the outbreak of COVID-19?

Activity 1.2: I will take care of you!
Objective: Identify the proper way of handling a microscope.

A. Directions: Write FACT if the statement describes proper care or proper use
of a microscope and write BLUFF if the statement is incorrect.
________1. Place the microscope slide on the stage and fasten it with the stage clips.
________2. When looking at the specimen keep your one eye open while keeping
your other eye close.
________3. When carrying the microscope, hold it in the arm.
________4. To focus, move the fine knob so the stage moves upward. Move it up as
far as it will go without letting the objective touch the coverslip.
________5. To view the specimen, adjust the condenser to intensify the amount
of light.
________6. When cleaning the lens, make use of a piece of tissue paper or
woven cloth.
________7. Sticky residue can be wiped using a tissue with distilled water
then rubbed in a circular motion.
________8. When focusing the specimen, move the slides until you get the desired
focus.
________9. When viewing the specimen under the objective lens, make both of
your eyes open, place your one eye at the eyepiece and cover the other
eye with your palm.
________10. Use masking tape to place your slides on the stage to make it more
stable.

 Microscope - an instrument used to see objects that are too small/minute

to be seen by the naked eyes

 Microscopy - is the science of investigating small objects and structures

 Microscopic - means invisible to the naked eye unless aided by microscope

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  Eyepiece or ocular lens, body tube, revolving nosepiece, objective lenses,
stage, stage clips, arm, base, diaphragm, mirror and inclination joint are
the basic parts of a compound or light microscope.

 For effective use and proper care of the compound microscope, one should
be familiar with its parts and their functions and the operation of the
microscope as a whole.

A. Directions: Draw a microscope on a separate sheet of paper. Color and label

the parts of microscope. Follow the color code given below.

Color the arm dark green

Color the stage blue

Color the diaphragm yellow green

Color the stage clips gray

Color the light source yellow

Color the coarse adjustment pink

Color the fine adjustment knob white

Color the base red

Color the body tube orange

Color the eyepiece black

Color the nosepiece yellow

Color the inclination joint brown

Color the objective lens purple

B. Directions: Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter of the correct
answer on the space before the number.

A B
____1. Base and arm A. used to see or view image

____2. Coarse focus knob B. adjusts the amount of light passing through
slide
____3. Diaphragm C. used to bring the image into sharp focus

____4. Fine adjustment knob D. used to produce more magnified image

____5. Ocular lens E. used to handle the microscope proper

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Direction: Read each question carefully and encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following laboratory equipment is very important in the study of

Biology?
A. Hand lens C. Microscope
B. Petri dish D. Mirror
2. What is the main discovery of Hans and Zacharias Janseen?
A. Discovery of Cell C. Discovery of Atoms
B. Development of microscope D. Identified parts of the cell
3. Which part of the microscope holds the glass slide to keep it from moving?
A. Stage clip C. Fine adjustment knob
B. Stage D. Condenser
4. Which two parts of the light microscope magnify the image of an object?
A. Eyepiece and mirror C. Eyepiece and objectives
B. Eyepiece and body tube D. Objectives and mirror
5. Which part makes the possible shifting of the objective lens?
A. Arm and base C. Fine adjustment knob
B. Revolving nosepiece D. Coarse adjustment knob
6. What is the proper way of carrying the microscope?
A. Hold the arm by grasping with one hand.
B. Hold the base by grasping with two hands.
C. Hold the arm by grasping with one hand and the stage with the other
hand.
D. Hold the arm by grasping it with one hand and support the base with the
other hand.
7. Which part supports the entire weight of the microscope?
A. Arm C. Inclination joint
B. Base D. Diaphragm
8. Which of the following holds the objective lenses and rotates to change its
objective?
A. Body tube C. Fine adjustment knob
B. Eyepiece D. Revolving nosepiece

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 9. All are types of light microscope, EXCEPT _______.
A. Bright field microscope C. Phase contrast microscope
B. Electron microscope D. Stereo microscope
10. Which part of the microscope contains the shade that controls the amount of
light entering the focal point framework?
A. The condenser C. The stage
B. The eyepiece D. Fine adjustment knob
11. It contains a lens that usually magnifies 10x.
A. Body tube C Objective lens.
B. Nosepiece D. Ocular lens
12. You are to transfer the microscope to the next room. Which parts should you
be holding properly in carrying the microscope?
A. Arm and base C. Arm and stage
B. Arm and objective lens D. Base and body tube
13. Reyn needs to raise the stage in studying the specimen. Which part should
she manipulate?
A. Mirror C. Ocular lens
B. Objective lens D. Coarse Adjustment Knob
14. Which part of the microscope regulates the amount of light?
A. Base C. Mirror
B. Diaphragm D. Stage
15. Which part of the microscope is the source of light?
A. Condenser C Objective lens.
B. Body tube D. Mirror

References
History of Microscope : https://www.microscope.com/education-center/microscopes-
101/history-of-microscopes
History of Optical Microscopes:
https://www.britannica.com/technology/microscope/History-of-optical-microscopes
History of the Microscope: https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-the-microscope-1992146
Science Grade 7 Learner’s Material First Edition 2017
Microscope Review: https://reviewgamezone.com/mc/candidate/test/?test_id=5133
Compound microscope. (n.d.).
https://Lrmds.Deped.Gov.Ph/Search?Filter=&search_param=all&query=compound+micros
cope.
https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph/search?filter=&search_param=all&query=compound+microsco
pe

https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=microscope-quiz_1

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MICROSCOPE QUIZ. (n.d.). Https://www.Microscopemaster.Com/Microscope-Quiz.Html.
https://www.microscopemaster.com/microscope-quiz.html

brief history of microscope. (n.d.). Learning-Center Home Science Tools. https://learning-

center.homesciencetools.com/article/history-of-the-microscope/
Parts of a Compound Microscope: https://www.microscopemaste
r.com/parts-of-a-compound-microscope.html

Key to Correction

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