Learning Unit 1 The human body: typical places and prepositions of place

PREFACE
This book is an elaboration designed for English III students, conditioned for their learning
during each session as well as for the use of all careers are offered by the ISAM Institute.
In this edition, Unit I and Unit II have been fully organized, which is a logical consequence
of the topics developed in English II, thereby facilitating student learning. This material
focuses on the basic topics of construction and production according to development units.
However, there are other topics for student learning in the higher technical level. In such a
way that both units are contemplated following the development topics. In effect, the units
are theoretical and practical.
Finally, it is necessary to remember the importance of learning English language to be able
to develop in different situations that are merited.

COMPETENCES

“The student elaborates and designs long sentences referring to the grammatical structures
of imperatives, prepositions of place, typical places, predictions with the Will and Going
in the affirmative, interrogative and negative to adapt to communicative situations in their
environment, also knows relevant information about the customs around the world that
uses it to understand reading texts and lectures in class. He also analyzes and organizes the
information on Future Will, Going to, the Present Perfect and the Past Simple to compare
these two grammatical tenses and recreate situations of oral expression and comprehension
of texts that will govern as support throughout his entire professional career”.
INGLÉS III

Learning Unit

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 Learning Unit 1 The human body: typical places and prepositions of place

PRESENTATION AND CONTEXTUALIZATION

The Human Body: Typical Places and Prepositions of Place

This material from Unit I serves as support to reaffirm the knowledge acquired during face-to-face and
virtual classes, designed for English III.
It is a didactic means they contemplate learning in a practical and didactic way, they also support the
theoretical and practical contents according to the theme of the week during the classes, they are
support that means according to the teaching modality.
Its design is structured by units and activities that agree with the practical considerations provided
according to the teaching modality. This material is conditioned to the teacher's instructions according
to the content of the sessions.
It presents Unit I in which it handles grammar for the construction of learning and development of
cognitive skills in students.

UNIT 1: The human body: typical places and prepositions of place

Topic 1: Conceptual content
Topic 2: Medications
Topic 3: Asking and giving directions
Topic 4: Predictions

COMPETITION
“Prepare and design long sentences referring to the grammatical structures of imperatives, prepositions of
place, typical places, predictions with the Will and Going in affirmative, interrogative and negative to adapt to
communicative situations in their environment, also knows relevant information about customs around the
world”.

CAPACITIES
Express suggestions for certain illnesses and have a conversation to ask and guide others. They know certain
predictions. They provide and request information on different types of addresses. Apply conversation topics
comparatively and diplomatically.

ATTITUDES
Perform the indicated jobs. Conduct dialogues with colleagues. Write in English using verbs. Apply
conversation topics fluently. Articulates, understands and applies sentences in English.

The Learning Unit 01: The human body: typical places and prepositions of
place
It includes the development of the following topics:

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The human body: typical places and prepositions of place Learning Unit 1

The human body is the structure of a human being. It is composed of many different types
of cells that together create tissues and subsequently organ systems.
It comprises a head, neck, trunk (which includes the thorax and abdomen), arms and hands, legs
and feet.
The study of the human body involves anatomy, physiology, histology and embryology.
The body varies anatomically in known ways. Physiology focuses on the systems and organs
of the human body and their functions. Many systems and mechanisms interact in order to
maintain homeostasis, with safe levels of substances such as sugar and oxygen in the blood.

The human body

1. hand
2. shoulder
3. head
4. neck
5. finger
6. thumb
7. wrist
8. elbow
9. breast
10. belly
11. thigh
12. knee
13. lower leg
14. toe
15. calf
16. ankle
17. foot
18. bottom
19. back
20. upper arm
21. forearm

Label the different parts of our body using the words in the box.

head eyebrow ear teeth hair

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eyelid lips tongue eye forhead
Learning Unit 1 The human body: typical places and prepositions of place

What is the part of the body?

1. I use my _________________________________ to see.
2. I use my _________________________________ to smell.
3. I use my _________________________________ to hear.
4. I use my _________________________________ to touch.
5. I use my _________________________________ to taste.
6. I use my _________________________________ to speak.
7. I use my _________________________________ to run.
8. I use my _________________________________ to lift.
9. I use my _________________________________ to walk.
10. I use my ________________________________ to smile.

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The human body: typical places and prepositions of place Learning Unit 1

How do you feel?

What’s the matter?

I have a backache
Structure :
Subject + have/has + a/an + illness
I have a fever
She has a headache

Exercise (1)
Now look at the pictures and make sentences according to the structure above.

1. _____________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________________________________
5. _____________________________________________________________________
6. _____________________________________________________________________

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Learning Unit 1 The human body: typical places and prepositions of place

How do you feel?

I feel sick
I feel tired
Structure:
Subject + feel + adjective → I feel scared
Subject + Verb to Be + adjective → I am bored
Exercise (2)
Look at the picture and repeat after the teacher.

Practice :
Dialogue (1)
Mother : What’s the matter, Sally? You look unhappy?
Sally : I have a headache and I feel terrible.
Mother : Oh ! I’m really sorry. Would you like me to take you a doctor?
Sally : No, I prefer to take an aspirin.
Mother : Why don’t you go out and go for a walk with me?
Sally : Do you think so?
Mother : It would be more comfortable for you.
Sally : OK, so let’s go out.

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The human body: typical places and prepositions of place Learning Unit 1

Dialogue (2)
Oscar : Let’s go to the movies tonight.
Gina : I don’t think. I can watch a movie tonight.
Oscar : Why not?
Gina : I have a terrible stomachache
Oscar : OK, so let’s go home.

Imperatives.

ADVICES:
Go to bed and sleep.
Take two aspirins.
Drink a lot of water.
Take a hot bath.
Go home and relax.
Eat some toast and drink some tea.
Drink some orange juice.
Go to bed early.
Try these cough drops.
Don’t go to work.
Don’t eat dessert.
Don’t eat any food for a day.
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Learning Unit 1 The human body: typical places and prepositions of place

Some common medications.

What are these medications for?
Example : Aspirin is for a headache.
Effervescent tablet is for ………………………………………..............
Ointment is for ………………………………………………………….
Eye drops ………………………………………………………………
Oral rinse is for .…………..…………………………………………….
Decongestant spray is for..…..………………………………………….
Cough syrup is for ..……………………………………………………
Capsule is for …………………………………………………………..

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The human body: typical places and prepositions of place Learning Unit 1

Speaking
Ask your classmate and answer the following questions:
1. Does your mother have an ear infection or a throat infection?
_______________________________________________
2. Does your son have backache or headache?
_______________________________________________
3. Does your father have a toothache?
_______________________________________________
4. Does your daughter have a runny nose?
_______________________________________________

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Learning Unit 1 The human body: typical places and prepositions of place

Conversation practice.
Pharmacist: Hello. Can I help you? How are you feeling?

Student: Yes, please help me. This is my prescription.

Pharmacist: Yes. Can you wait 5 minutes?
Student: Okay.
Pharmacist: That is cheap,. It´s S/.10
Pharmacist: This is your medicine.
Student: Thank you. How much can I take?
Pharmacist: It says you should take 3 capsules per day.
Student: Okay. Two capsules.
Pharmacist: You should take these capsules every 6 hours.
Student: Okay. Is this medicine the cheapest one? Is this generic medicine?
Pharmacist: This is generic. It is less expensive. Do you want a different one?
Student: No, I want the generic one. I understand. Thank you.
Pharmacist: You are welcome.

Reading comprehension
Allergic reaction
An allergic reaction is the body's way of responding to an "invader." When the body senses a
foreign substance, called an antigen, the immune system is triggered. The immune system
normally protects the body from harmful agents such as bacteria and toxins. Its overreaction to
a harmless substance (an allergen) is called a hypersensitivity reaction, or an allergic, reaction.

Answer these questions.

1. What is an allergic reaction?
________________________________________________ ___
2. Is a foreign substance called an antigen?
___________________________________________________
3. Is overreaction to a harmless substance called “allergic”?
_______________________________________________________
4. Is the body protected from bacteria and toxins by the immune system?
_______________________________________________________

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The human body: typical places and prepositions of place Learning Unit 1

Typical places.

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Learning Unit 1 The human body: typical places and prepositions of place

Prepositions of place.

opposite behind In front of

Conversation:
Pat: I'm in the Korean restaurant and I want to go to the theater after dinner. Can you tell
me where is the theater?
Jim: Sure. It's on Lane Street right behind the supermarket.
Pat: Is it between the newsagent and the school?
Jim: Exactly, right across from the chemist lab and you get to the theater.
Pat : Oh! Nice, thank you so much.
Jim: You are welcome.

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The human body: typical places and prepositions of place Learning Unit 1

How do I get to the ………….. ?

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Learning Unit 1 The human body: typical places and prepositions of place

Phrases and expressions for asking directions in English.

• How do I get to ……?

• How do you get to (the) ……. (from here)?

• What's the best way to …..…?

• Where is …….?
• Can you give me directions to (the)
• Can you tell me how to get to (the) …… ?

• Go straight on (until you come to..….…).

• Turn back./Go back.

• Turn left/right (into …..…-street).

• Go along …..… Cross ……..

Phrases and expressions to use in giving directions.

• Take the first/second road on the left/right It's on the left/right.

• straight on / opposite / near /next to / between /

• at the end (of) on/at the corner

• around the corner

• Stay on ……. Until you get to the traffic lights crossroads

Example:
Felix: Excuse me. How do I get to the train station?
Juan: The train station? Go one block and turn right.
Felix: Thanks!
Juan: No problem

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The human body: typical places and prepositions of place Learning Unit 1

Ask and give

A. Now look at the map and asking and giving direction.

Liz : Excuse me. How do I get to the phone box?

Sue : First walk along Palm street, then go straight ahead after that turn left on Queen
Avenue, go one block, when you get to the Lane Street turn right and it is in front of
the newsagent.
B. Look at the map and answer the following question. Use the preposition of place.

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Learning Unit 1 The human body: typical places and prepositions of place

I am in train station. How do I get there?

1. How do I get to the hospital?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

2. How do I get to the bank?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

3. How do I get to the drugstore?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
4. How do I get to the store?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

5. How do I get to the library?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
6. How do I get to the church?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

Vocabulary:
Unscramble the letters and write the names of places

1. REOST ____________________________
2. ROSKOTEBO ____________________________
3. VIEMO ____________________________
4. RAKP ____________________________
5. KANB ____________________________
6. TEP PHSO ____________________________
7. CIEFOF OPST ____________________________

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The human body: typical places and prepositions of place Learning Unit 1

C. According with the map write TRUE or FALSE each sentence

1. The hotel is next to the bank ………………….

2. The zoo is opposite the police station ………………
3. The library is between the post office and supermarket ……………..
4. The bowling alley is on East Street …………………
5. The bar is on the corner of West Street and South Street ……………
6. City hall is in front of the library …………………..
7. The hospital is near the bus station …………………..

D. Look at the map of the different places

1.The music store is on the corner of Santos
Dumont Street and Rosa e Silva Avenue.

2. The hospital is behind the pet shop.

3. The toy store is between the music store and the

restaurant.

4. The supermarket is opposite the restaurant.

5. The fast food restaurant is on Amélia Street.

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Learning Unit 1 The human body: typical places and prepositions of place

Addresses
Say the address in English

344 2nd Avenue # 3

New York, NY I00I , USA

This means:

- The street is 2nd Avenue

- The house number is 344; that is, the 344 building on 2nd Avenue.
- The number of the apartment within the building is 3.

Vocabulary:
a) Address b) street

c) road d) avenue.

e) town f) live

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The human body: typical places and prepositions of place Learning Unit 1

Conversation practice
Today is your birthday, you invited Sarah, and you are giving her directions to get
to your home.

You : Hi! Sarah, What are you doing tonight?

Sarah : Nothing, Why?

You : Because, today is my birthday, and I'm having a party. Do you want to come?

Sarah : Great! Where do you live?

You : Ok, from your house, walk straight ahead on Broadway Street, then turn right on
First Avenue, walk two blocks, my house is on the corner of First Avenue and
Central Street.

Sara : Thank you so much, I hope to get on time and spend a good day.

You : Why not? I am going to wait for you.

Sara : Ok, see you then.

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Learning Unit 1 The human body: typical places and prepositions of place

Now look at the map and complete the conversation.

A.: Excuse me. Where’s the supermarket?

B. : The supermarket ? Go ___________________
on _________________ turn _____________
on ____________ it’s _________________
from the museum.
A : Thank you!
You : _____________________

A : Excuse me. Where’s the bank?

You : Go ______________ on _________________ turn ___________________ on
_____________ and turn __________________ and again turn _______________ on
____________________. The bank is _____________ the Italian restaurant and the
bus stop.
A : Thank you so much
You : You are welcome.

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The human body: typical places and prepositions of place Learning Unit 1

You’ll meet a rich man and get married into three years.

Use of WILL
Complete the following sentences and use WILL
I think you / I think it
…………. become famous in ……….
…………..rain tomorrow ………...
…………get married next year.
………… finish your thesis ……… …..
………….travel to USA ……………….
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Learning Unit 1 The human body: typical places and prepositions of place

Prediction with "Will" and "Going to".

Grammar : Future WILL / WON’T

Affirmative sentences in the will-future

Long Forms Contracted Forms
I will remove the kidney I ´ll remove the kidney
You will remove the kidney You ´ll remove the kidney
He will remove the kidney He´ll remove the kidney

Negative sentences in the will-future

Long forms
I will not remove the kidney
You will not remove the
kidney
He will not remove the kidney
Contracted Forms
I´ll not remove the kidney
I won´t remove the kidney
You´ll not remove the
kidney
You won´t remove the
kidney
He´ll not remove the kidney
He won´t remove the kidney

Questions in the Will-future

Long forms Contracted forms
Will I remove the kidney?
Will you remove the kidney? Not possible
Will he remove the kidney?

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The human body: typical places and prepositions of place Learning Unit 1

We use Will and Won’t to make predictions about the future:

Example:
They’ll get married
She won’t find a job.

We can use Will and Won’t when we are not sure.

Also we can use Will with : maybe, probably, I guess, or I think to about the possibility.

Example:
I guess I’ll travel to Europe next year.
When I am 30, I’ll probably have my first baby.
Perhaps, I’ll finish my thesis next week.
I don’t know. I probably won’t study another language.

Complete the sentences with will and won’t:

1. Liz _____________________ (be) 19 next year.

2. Tomorrow it ________________ (rain) in Piura.
3. I’m no sure. She ________________ (be) the next president of Peru.
4. May be I ____________________ (eat) fish today.
5. I think, Mercedes ________________ (like) this gift.
6. She _______________(not cut) her hair.
7. He _______________ (not prepare) breakfast tomorrow morning.
8. The manager _____________ (not plant) trees in front of the office building.
9. Melissa ______________ (not wear) jeans at her party.
10. My sister ______________ (not get married) next year.
11. I don't think she ________pass the exam, she isn't very good.
12. I don´t think he _______ (come) to the University.
13. Perhaps she _____________(do) this for you.
14. I guess my mother _____________(visit ) us this weekend.

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Learning Unit 1 The human body: typical places and prepositions of place

AFFIRMATIVE

1. The nurse __________ (give) the vaccine to Mrs. Williams.

2. Salty water __________ (be) more freezing than pure water at a lower temperature.
3. I _______________ (read) my embryology book.
4. Perhaps she _____________(do) this for you.
5. This vaccine ____________(make) you immune to tuberculosis.
6. Maybe she _____________(do) a language course in USA
7. I ______________ (travel) a lot when I finish my career.

NEGATIVE

1. I ________ do all the housework myself!

2. An Unhealthy body __________ resist any infection.
3. He ________ (be) my husband.
4. Carla _________(have) to pay your second career. Her mother said.
5. Young people _________(change) us the ideas to improve next decades.
6. Maybe she _____________(do) a master’s degree in USA
7. Michael ______________ (travel) a lot when he finishes his career.

Write negative sentences in will future.

1. (I / the/ answer /question) _______________________________________

2. (/ read /she / that book) _______________________________________
3. (they / drink / beer/ party / in the) ________________________________________
4. (we / send / the postcard) ________________________________________
5. (They / have / an appointment next week) _____________________________________
6. (James / open / consulting room/ his ________________________________________
7. (we / listen / to the radio) ________________________________________
8. (they / eat / fish) ________________________________________
9. (she / give / him / an injection) ________________________________________
10. (learn / she / languages) ________________________________________

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The human body: typical places and prepositions of place Learning Unit 1

INTERROGATIVE

1. Will they win the scholarship?

____________ (+) / _____________ (-)
2. Will you tell him the truth?
____________.(+) / ______________ (-).
3. Will she get angry?
___________ (+) / _______________(-)

4. Will you help me move this heavy table?

___________________ (+)
5. Will she visit her parents next week?
______________________ (-)
6. Will She be my first patient?
_____________________ (+)
7. Will the teacher test this week?
_____________________ (-)

Practice with your partner.

Conversation
Rubi : Can I help you?
Brigitte : Yes, I’d like a ticket to London.
Rubi : When do you want to travel? It’s cheaper after 9:00 o’clock.
Brigitte : So, I’ll travel after 9:00
Rubi : one-way or round trip ticket?
Brigitte : I’ll have a round trip ticket, please.
Rubi : That will be three hundred dollars. How would you like to pay?
Brigitte : Do you accept credit cards?
Rubi : I’m afraid not.
Brigitte : Well, I’ll pay cash then.
Rubi : Ok. Have a nice trip.
Brigitte : Thank you.

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Learning Unit 1 The human body: typical places and prepositions of place

Future with WHAT / WILL NOT BE

The future of love

What It won’t be like: The movie Her (2013), where Joaquin Phoenix falls in love with an
artificial intelligence (AI) operating system that has Scarlett Johansson’s voice.
What It could be like: The internet has forever changed the way people meet and fall in love.
Online dating and location-based services such as Vine, Snapchat and Grindr have opened up
possibilities that allow people to look beyond their immediate friends, friends of friends, and
co-workers.
We are becoming more independent and less constrained by the old social norms. This will
have an impact on the relationships we form, with fewer people choosing traditional marriage,
a rise in official (and unofficial) civil partnerships, and more people remaining single for longer,
if not forever.
Dr Helen Fisher, a senior research fellow at The Kinsey Institute for research in sex, gender and
reproduction and an adviser to dating website Match.com, shared where she thinks relationships
are heading in an article for The Wall Street Journal**.
‘Singles are ushering into vogue an extended pre-commitment stage of courtship,’ she wrote.
‘With hooking up, friends with benefits, and living together, they are getting to know a partner
long before they tie the knot. Where marriage used to be the beginning of a partnership, it’s
becoming the finale.
‘Any prediction of the future should take into account the unquenchable, adaptable and
primordial human drive to love,’ she added. ‘To bond is human. This drive most likely evolved
more than four million years ago, and email and computers won’t stamp it out.’

The future of work

What it won’t be like: The film Metropolis (1927), where battalions of sullen workers tend
hulking machines in mind-numbing ten-hour shifts.
What it could be like: Rather than humans working with machines, automation is likely to make
some jobs redundant: taxi drivers replaced by self-driving Uber cars; receptionists replaced by
robots; doctors outclassed by algorithms that can plug into vast medical databases; and travel
agents wiped out by trip-planning, flight-booking web services.
Even writers are threatened by companies such as Narrative Science, which currently uses AI
to automate the creation of sports reports and financial updates.
Obviously, there will also be new jobs created: the computer engineer/mechanic who fixes the
self-driving Uber taxis; programmers; genome mappers and bioengineers; space tour guides;
and vertical farmers. Technology will continue to disrupt businesses and eliminate jobs,
creating new professions we can’t yet imagine.

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The human body: typical places and prepositions of place Learning Unit 1

Talking about future plans

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Learning Unit 1 The human body: typical places and prepositions of place

We use going to→ to talk about intensions or plans. These plans or intentions are decided
on before the moment of speaking.

Example:
I’m going to wear my new blouse tomorrow. (Affirmative)
She isn’t going to buy a new car after all. (Negative)
Is she going to have a party? (Yes /No Questions)
What are you going to do? (WH - Questions)

Example :
I´m going to buy clothes for my mother.
You’re not going to wear black t-shirt tomorrow.
He’s going to work tonight.
She’s not going to work tonight.
Are you going to work late?
Yes, I am
No, I’m not.

What are you going to do after work?

I’m going to have dinner.

Fill in the verbs in the going to future into gaps.

Example:
They ______ (to play) soccer this afternoon.
They are going to play soccer this afternoon.

1. He _________________ a professional DJ for the party. (to hire)

2. You ________________ a picnic next Tuesday. (to have)
3. Jane ________________ an e-mail to her boss today. (to send)
4. I ___________________ my grandparents later. (to visit)
5. Bryan __________________ home. (not to stay)

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The human body: typical places and prepositions of place Learning Unit 1

Use your ideas to complete the conversation with future “GOING TO”
Kevin : What …………….. you ………………………now?
Annie : Now I ………………………………………………………………..
Kevin : What …………….. you and your family ………………………… over the weekend?
Annie : Over the weekend, we ………………………………………………
Kevin : …………….. your brother Ben ………………… with you?
Annie : No, he ……………………………………………..

Make sentences with is going to or are going to

1. Why / your sister/ study engineering?

________________________________________________
2. Where /Alice/buy her new TV?
________________________________________________
3. Who / make dinner?
________________________________________________
4. What time / you / be home?
________________________________________________
5. When / your grandparents / move to Lima?
________________________________________________

Use the cues in parenthesis and the future “GOING TO”

1. Tomorrow is my husband’s birthday. She (be) ……………………………… sixteen.

2. How (you /celebrate) …………………………………………………. ?

3. Who (go) ………………………………………………………………. ?

4. Where (your family / stay) …………………………………………….. ?

5. That’s great. How long (you /be) ………………………………. There ?

6. We (be) ………………………….... there for a week. But we (not be)

…………………………………………………… at Macchupicchu the whole time.

7. You (enjoy) …………………………………………… it a lot.

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Learning Unit 1 The human body: typical places and prepositions of place

"Walking to"
Brigitte and her mother Antonia both have plans for the future. Brigitte has plans when she

finishes her career; and her mother has plans when retires.

Read the future plans and decide which do you think are Brigitte’s plans? Which do you think

are her mother’s plans?

…………. I am going to be a doctor.

…………. I am going to learn another language.

………… I am not going to lose contact with my coworkers.

…………. I am going to learn to drive.

…….…… I am going to write a book and articles.

……… ..I am going to wear white uniform for my job.

………..I am going to spend a good time with my daughters.

….….... .I am going to travel another country for my career.

…......... .I am going to get a Master‘s degree in USA.

………. I am not going to marry until 30.

……….. I am going to buy a new apartment.

……….. I am going to help my sons in his career.

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The human body: typical places and prepositions of place Learning Unit 1

Summary Unit 1

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Learning Unit 1 The human body: typical places and prepositions of place

Recommended Reading
Robots

When will we have robots? We already have many kinds of robots! Industries use a variety
of robots and now robots are becoming more common in the home.

The Husqvarna company makes a lawn mowing robot called the Auto Mower. The robot has
sensors that detect where objects are in the yard and it maneuvers around them. The robot can
cut the grass while you relax on the patio with a glass of lemonade! Also, Eureka now makes
a robotic vacuum cleaner. Like the robot lawn mower, the vacuum cleaner automatically
detects where the furniture is and vacuums around it.

Cars are becoming robots now that many cars have GPS (Global
Positioning Systems) on them. A car with a GPS system can give
you directions on how to go somewhere, tell you where the closest
gas station is, and, some day in the future, will drive itself. You
will take a nap or read while the car drives itself to your
destination.

We even have robotic pets now. The Sony company makes a robotic dog named Aibo that
can sit, stand, and walk like a regular dog but can also communicate and take pictures! Aibo
understands certain commands, like a dog does, such as "Sit down", "Stand up", "Turn right",
etc. If you ask Aibo a question such as "How old are you?", its eyes will flash the number of
years old it is. Aibo is also a great guard dog. He can patrol the yard and take pictures with a
built in camera of anything suspicious.

Activities and / or Exercises

Check this web page to practice grammar of future Will and going to.
https://speakspeak.com/english-grammar-exercises/intermediate/future-simple-will-
versus-going-to-future

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 Modal verbs, politely asking for something and possessive pronouns Learning Unit 2

PRESENTATION AND CONTEXTUALIZATION

Modal verbs, politely asking for something and possessive pronouns.

This material from Unit II serves as support to reaffirm the knowledge acquired during face-to-face and
virtual classes, designed for English III.
It is a didactic means they contemplate learning in a practical and didactic way, they also support the
theoretical and practical contents according to the theme of the week during the classes, they are support
that means according to the teaching modality.
Its design is structured by units and activities that agree with the practical considerations provided
according to the teaching modality. This material is conditioned to the teacher's instructions according
to the content of the sessions.
It presents Unit II in which it handles grammar for the construction of learning and development of
cognitive skills in students.
Unit 2 :Modals verbs, politely asking for something and possessive pronouns.
Topic 1 : Customs all over the world
Topic 2 : Offerings and invitations
Topic 3: Present positive
Topic 4: Present perfect
COMPETITION
"Used for the comprehension of reading texts and presentations in class. He also analyzes and organizes the
information on Future Will, Going to, the Present Perfect and the Past Simple to compare these two
grammatical tenses and recreate situations of oral expression and comprehension of texts that will govern as
support throughout his entire professional career".

CAPACITIES
Develops oral and written narrative skills using practical and clear models, applied in objective situations where
the participant internalizes formulas related to activities of a sociocultural-commercial nature. Make and design
sentences with the grammatical tense of the Present Perfect. Apply the three communicative forms of
sentences: affirmative, interrogative, negative, and short and long answers, taking into account their
communication interests.

ATTITUDES
Ask questions in a polite way. Make phrases and sentences using the grammar points of how to make an
invitation. Understand and discriminate various information including the grammatical structures of the present
perfect. Discriminate the use of comparative and superlative adjectives in sentences.

The Learning Unit 02: Modal verbs, politely asking for something and
possessive pronouns.
It includes the development of the following topics:
Learning Unit 2 Modal verbs, politely asking for something and possessive pronouns

Hanging out in cemeteries in Denmark

While cemeteries are the sites of spooky lore in many countries, this is not so much the case in
the ever so secular Denmark. Many people might prefer to hang out in parks, but the Danes find
it becoming to convert their cemeteries into areas for socializing, a rather pragmatic use of space
we might add. These cemeteries are well manicured and teeming with locals when the weather
finally begins to warm up. Assistens Kirkegård in the country’s capital, Copenhagen, provides
a perfect example. Plus, you’ll be hanging out in great company as many famed Danes are
buried here, including Hans Christian Andersen.

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Modal verbs, politely asking for something and possessive pronouns Learning Unit 2

Modal verbs.

Can
You use can if you’re allowed to do something.
• In Peru, you can kiss on the cheek when you meet someone for the first time.

Could
It‘s the past tense of Can. It is also used to ask for something politely.
• Liz could cook when she was thirteen.
• Can you help me?

Must, Mustn’t
You use must to talk about something you’re strongly advised to do.
• In China you mustn’t kiss in public.

Should, shouldn’t
You use should / shouldn’t to give less strong advice.
• You should take an aspirin when you have a headache.

Have to, don’t have to

You use have to when it is obligatory/ external obligation. Its past form is had to.

Don’t have to ,
You use when it is not necessary
• You have to get a bachelor’s degree.
• You don’t have to get up on weekends.

Can → possible / ability / make offer

Can’t / cannot → impossible
Could / couldn’t → talk about the past / more formal and polite than can/ make
offers.
Must → obligation necessary / strongly advised
Mustn’t → prohibited or forbidden
Should → Advice
Have to → obligatory/ external obligation
Don’t have to → not necessary

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Put in 'can', 'can't', 'could' or 'couldn't'. If none of these is possible, use 'be able to' in
the correct tense.

1) ______________ you swim when you were 10?

2) We _______________ get to the meeting on time yesterday, because the train was
delayed by one hour.
3) He ________________ play soccer because he broke his leg.
4) He's amazing, he ______________ speak five languages, including Chinese.
5) I ______________ drive a car until I was 34. Then I moved to the countryside, so I had to
learn.
6). ____________ I help you?

7.) ____________I do that for you?

8) Could I examine you today? Yes, you ______________

9) ______________ I ask some questions please? Yes, you could.

Complete these sentences with must or mustn’t

1) Children ____________ go to bed earlier.
2) You _____________ arrive on time in a date.
3) You _____________ smoke in public places.
4) Shops _____________sell cigarettes to children.
5) In Canada, employers ____________discriminate against women or minorities.
It’s against the law.
6. She is ill, so she ____________ see the doctor

7. I ________ lose weight. I’m too fat

8. I __________ forget your mother’s birthday.

9. I __________ finish my homework.

10. You ___________ make noise in the hospital.

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Modal verbs, politely asking for something and possessive pronouns Learning Unit 2

Choose the correct alternative: DON´T HAVE – HAVE TO

1. I have to / don´t have to finish my project on Monday.

2. They have to / don’ t have to go to the University on Saturday. There is an important exam.

3. I have to / don´t have to improve my English.

4. They have to / don´t have to visit hospitals. Many people are waiting for them.

5. You have to / don´t have to wear surgical gloves in a surgery room.

6. Sheyla has to / doesn´t have to be on time in class.

7. He has to/doesn’t have to be at work at 7:50 every day. His work schedule is from 9 am

to 5 pm.

Do you agree (A) or disagree (D) with these views points?

a. The government should spend less Money on defense. _________

b. We should have compulsory military service. ________________
c. There should be higher taxes on petrol. _____________
d. The government should invest in renewable forms of energy. ____________
e. There should be lower taxes on cigarettes. _____________
f. The government should spend more on education. ____________
g. We should have more police patrolling the streets. _____________
h. There should be tighter immigration controls. _______________

Write some advice for your friend who says the following things

Example : I have two tests tomorrow. → I think you should study.

a. “My room is a mess”

_________________________________________________________
b. “I want to learn how to drive a car”.
___________________________________________________________
c. “I need to relax”
___________________________________________________________

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Learning Unit 2 Modal verbs, politely asking for something and possessive pronouns

Questions with Modals

Questions with modals Suggestions with modals

Where should they go on vacation? They could go to Peru.
What should I take with me to the mountains? You should take your camera.
When should I make reservations for the flight? You have to make reservation soon.
How should we go to Toronto? We can fly there. Driving takes too long.

When should I go to Marcona and Huacachina?

A. Where should I go on vacation?

B. You should go to ………………
A. Which places should I visit?
B. You should go to …………………..
It is interesting and amazing.
A. When should I go to ………….. ?
B. ……………………………

Pair work. Asking and suggesting places to visit and things to see.

CAJAMARCA ANCASH

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Modal verbs, politely asking for something and possessive pronouns Learning Unit 2

Asking something politely: Could you bring me some water?

Could you .. ?

Form: Could you + base form of verb ….. ?

Examples:
Could you carry my bags? Of course.
Could you give me some advice? Certainly.
Could you carry these boxes? Sure

We can add “possibly and please” to be even more polite. We put “possibly” in between
“Could you” and the verb.

Questions and possible answer

Could you possibly hold my drink?

Could you open the door, please?

Could you cook for me?

Could you please get me a cup of coffee?

Could you please take me to the airport?

Could I borrow your eraser, please?

Possible answer:

Certainly

Of course

Sure

No, problem.

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Fast food vocabulary

Chocolate Mouse
Mayonnaise
Sandwich
French fries
Pizza
Burger
• Bacon
• Muffin
• Baguette
• Hot dog

IS FAST FOOD GOOD FOR YOU?

Lead in the United States, fast food is incredibly

popular. American fast food chains, such as
McDonald’s, Wendy’s, Kentucky Fried Chicken and
Burger King, are among the best-known companies
in the world. But is American fast food good for you?

What do you think? Discuss the vocabulary and the

questions with a partner.

1. Which of these are good for you, and which bad? Which of these things do you think
fast food is full of?
a) cholesterol b) protein c) salt d) fat e) vitamins f) minerals

2. Put these adjectives in order from very thin to very fat. If you eat too much fast food,
which of these are you likely to become?
a) obese b) skinny c) fat d) slim e) overweight

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Modal verbs, politely asking for something and possessive pronouns Learning Unit 2

3. Fast food chains advertise their products very aggressively. Do you think they should
take some responsibility if people become overweight as a result of eating their
products?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Read the passage and decide which of the sentences below are true and which are false.
Then select new words and find the meaning.

Fast food chains face obesity lawsuit

Fast-food chains face obesity lawsuit Man claims he was

misled over nutritional content of meals by Sharon Krum If
Caesar Barber dreamed of winning fame, he probably didn't
think it would be due to his obesity. But, since the 120kg
maintenance worker filed a lawsuit against McDonald's,
Wendy's, Kentucky Fried Chicken and Burger King last month
- seeking damages for selling him food that made him obese -
Barber's 15 minutes of fame are proving as painful as the two
heart attacks he has already had. "Does anyone really believe
that Mr Barber was too dumb to know that eating saturated fat
was less healthy than having, say, a fruit dish or a chef salad?" said Steve Dasbach, who is the
executive director of the Libertarian party. Barber says that he was in the dark about the
nutritional content of the fast food he was eating up to five times a week from the 50s onwards.
Incredibly, he didn't stop gobbling burgers and salty fries after he had his first heart attack in
1996. He is now a diabetic with high blood pressure. In his lawsuit - the first of its kind in the
United States - he contends that deceptive advertising misled him about the nutritional value of
the food, until a doctor pointed it out. "Those people in the advertisements don't tell you what's
in the food," he says. "Now I'm obese.

The fast-food industry has ruined my life. They said 100% beef. I thought that meant it was
good for you." Attacks on Barber’s character and perceived IQ became a sport in the US media.
Barber wasn't stupid, columnists and radio hosts joked, just out to make money by failing to

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take responsibility for his diet. More than 75 million Americans eat fast food every day. But
who, the journalists asked, doesn't know that too much will make you overweight? "Mr Barber
honestly didn't know what the dangers were when he started eating fast food in the 50s," says
his lawyer, Samuel Hirsch. "The fast-food chains made no effort then, and little today, to inform
consumers about the dangerously high fat, cholesterol or salt content of their food." Hirsch says
that his client, who has now gone into hiding, is not trying to make money but to get the chains
to inform customers that their food is guilty of expanding their waistlines. However, not
everyone in the US thinks Barber's case is a joke. The Physicians Committee for Responsible
Medicine applauded the lawsuit. The committee's research coordinator, Brie Turner-McGrivey,
says that whether Barber wins or loses, the hype surrounding the case has been good for doctors,
spotlighting America's obesity epidemic and the role that fast food plays in it.

1. Caesar Barber blames fast food chains for his obesity.

2. He did not know that fast food was fattening.
3. He started eating fast food in the 1950s.
4. He stopped eating fast food as soon as he had problems with his health.
5. Many people think he is merely trying to make money – they think he must
have known that fast food was fattening.
6 Barber wants fast food chains to be more honest about the content of their
food in their advertising.
7 Doctors don’t think fast food is particularly bad for your health.

Annotate new words and find the meanings

1. _______________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________
4. _______________________________________________
5. _______________________________________________
6. _______________________________________________
7. _______________________________________________
8. _______________________________________________
9. _______________________________________________
10. _______________________________________________

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Modal verbs, politely asking for something and possessive pronouns Learning Unit 2

Would you like anything else?

What would you order if you were in a fast food restaurant?

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Learning Unit 2 Modal verbs, politely asking for something and possessive pronouns

Offerings and invitations

Conversation

Assistant : Good morning. May I help you?

Customer : Good morning. Yes, I’d like a burger with fries and a Coke, please.
Assistant : Would you like a regular or a large coke?
Customer : A large please.
Assistant : Would you like anything else?
Customer : Yes, I’d like an ice cream, please.
Assistant : What flavor would you like?
Customer : Chocolate, please.
Assistant : OK.
Customer : How much is that?
Assistant : That’s five dollars.
Customer : I need two scoops of ice cream
Assistant : Here you are.
Customer : Thank you.

Grammar: Would like

You use Would like + infinitive to ask for something politely

I’d like a chicken sandwich and a coke, please

Would you like a regular or a large coke?
I’d like an ice cream, please
What flavor would you like?

Note:
• You use like to say what you like all the time.
I like ice cream ( always)
• You use would like to say what you want now.
I’d like an ice cream (now)

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Modal verbs, politely asking for something and possessive pronouns Learning Unit 2

A. Choose the correct answer

1. Would you like to order?

a) Yes, I like b) Yes, a coke, please.

2. May I help you?

a) Yes, I’d like a burger b) Yes.

3. Do you like apple pie?

a) Yes, please b) Yes.

4) What would you like to eat?

a) I’d like a pizza b) I like pizza

5) Would you like some juice?

a) Yes, please b) Yes, I like some coffee.

B. Unscramble the words and write the questions. Then answer them.

1. study/ university/ would/like/ you/ what/ at / to?

_________________________________________________________
2. be /Agro industrial/ you /to / Engineer / would / like / an?
_________________________________________________________
3.to/ what / you/ do/ on/ like/ would/ Friday?
_________________________________________________________
4. would / kind / like / of/ what / watch / you / movies / to?
_________________________________________________________

C. Complete this conversation

A: …………………………some cake?
B: No, ………………..something to drink, thanks, but I’d like …………………
A: I’m sorry. I don’t have any ………………………… except …………………
B: Water is OK, thanks.

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Complete the following spaces and practice with your partner.

would like some I’d Here

A. What you like to eat?

B. I´d a toasted cheese sandwich, please.
C. Would you like some soup too?
D. Yes, love to.
E. Would you like something to drink?
F. Yes, I’d like orange juice.
G. you are. Enjoy your meal.

Speaking:
Practice with your partner the following questions:

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Modal verbs, politely asking for something and possessive pronouns Learning Unit 2

Possessive pronouns

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Learning Unit 2 Modal verbs, politely asking for something and possessive pronouns

A. Complete the chart.

Possessive Adjectives Possessive Pronouns
My ………………
………………….. Yours
His ……………….
…………………. Hers
Its ……………….
…………………. Ours
Your ………………..
…………………. theirs

B. Fill in the blanks with the correct possessive pronouns.

Ex. I like your dress. Do you like mine (I)
1.These dogs are so cute. Which one is ……………….. ? (You)
2. I found your book, but I can’t find ………… ? (I)
3. Anna likes Mar’s shoes, but she doesn’t like ……….. ? (She)
4. That is not your party. It’s ……….. (We)
5. I didn’t have my book, so Luke lent me …………. (He)
6. Olivia and Jack don’t like your car. Do you like ……….. (They)

C. Complete the pairs of sentences with the correct words.

1. That’s not ………….., …………. Sweater is red (my / mine)
2. Where are ……….. uniforms? ………… are in the lockers. (your / yours)
3. This address book is ……….. Look, …….. name is right here (her / hers)
4. Is that ……….. dog? I thought ………… was brown and beige. (your / yours)

D. Replace the personal pronouns by possessive pronouns.

1. This book is (you) ………………..
2. The ball is (I) ………………..
3. The blue car is (we) ………..………
4. We met Paul and Jane last night. This house is (they) …………
5. The luggage is (he) …..…………..
6. The pictures are (she) ……………….

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Modal verbs, politely asking for something and possessive pronouns Learning Unit 2

PRESENT PERFECT
We use the Present Perfect Simple to look back on actions in the past from the present. It always
includes 'now'.

The present perfect form is:

Subject + have/has + past participle

I HAVE eaten pizza

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Learning Unit 2 Modal verbs, politely asking for something and possessive pronouns

A. Complete the sentences and questions with the verb in the present perfect.

Paint / have / see / catch / brush/ find / tell / write

a) She ___________ the film.

b) I __________ my homework essay
c) They _________ the bench, don’t sit on it.
d) They ________ the bench, don’t sit on it.
e) I __________ you – were you not listening?
f) We ___________ dinner – do you want to join us?
g) The police ____________ the criminals, that’s why they’re in jail now.
h) _________ you _________ a new job?

B. Use the present perfect to complete the next sentences:

a) Brigitte _______________________ (finish) her homework.

b) He __________________________ (not hear) from her parents for a long time.
c) Damian _______________________ (take) the money.
d) He ___________________________ (have) to cancel his holiday.
e) I _____________________________ (be) in Trujillo several times.
f) Her boyfriend ___________________ (not arrive).
g) Rubi _________________________ (read) a lot of books about accountancy.
h) The children ____________________ (break) the dishes.
i) I ______________________________ (not see) that movie.
j) Rosana _________________________ (bake) a cake.

C. Write sentences according to the prompt using the present perfect positive

a) Ann / wash / clothes ____________________________________________________

b) Richard / make / his bed __________________________________________________

c) They / paint / the house __________________________________________________
c) Alison / have / her breakfast_______________________________________________
d) The taxi / arrive / to my house______________________________________________
e) The new hotel / be / inaugurated ___________________________________________
f) My sister /clean / the room _______________________________________________
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Modal verbs, politely asking for something and possessive pronouns Learning Unit 2

Reading
Who is she? What has she done? What happened?

Mable Jones lives in Florida in the United States. Her

grandchildren live in London, England. They have lived in
London for 3 years. Mable has not seen her grandchildren
in over a year.

She has talked to her grandchildren on the phone and through e –mails many times. She has
also seen pictures of her grandchildren. They have grown so much since the last time they
visited America.

Mable knits scarves and blankets to send to her grandchildren in London. So far, she has knitted
two large blankets for her granddaughters. She has also knitted a scarf for each grandchild.

Now, let’s write and be creative in order to continue the Story about Mable. Use Present
perfect.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

Present perfect with "Since and for"

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Learning Unit 2 Modal verbs, politely asking for something and possessive pronouns

A. Fill in the spaces in these sentences with either "for" or "since".

1. _______ the dentist took out that tooth of mine, it's been really painful.

I should go back to her.

2. You have worked really well _______the morning coffee break. Well done!

3. You've eaten fast food _____the whole of the break. Are you a little hungry?

4. They have been married _____1985. They are the happiest couple I know.

5. Your sister has studied ______longer than any other student in her class for this exam.

6. _______ I was born, I have always had one arm longer than the other. The doctors can't
explain it!

B. Write for or since

1. Diana has lived in London since September.

2. Alan has worked in the bank ___________ ten years.

3. I have known Helen ________ many years.

4. Peru hasn’t gone to soccer world cup ______ 1982.

5. He has been the president of Peru _______ 2006.

6. Manco has been a professional soccer player ______ last year.

7. May father has known my mother ______ 35 years.

8. I haven’t eaten cake ___________ my last birthday.

9. My grandfather has had his watch _________ his 16th birthday.

10. My brother has been ill _____________ three days.

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Modal verbs, politely asking for something and possessive pronouns Learning Unit 2

C. Answer these questions about yourself use since or for

1. How long have you known your teacher?

__________________________________________

2.How long have you had this book?

__________________________________________

3.How long have you lived at your present address?

__________________________________________

4. How long have you had your shoes?

__________________________________________

5.How long have you started study English?

__________________________________________

Comparative and superlative adjectives

We use comparative adjectives to compare two or more people or things.
Richard is taller than Omar
The adjective is often followed by than
We use superlative adjectives to compare a person or things with all others in a particular
category.
Richard is the tallest student in the classroom
The usually comes before the superlative adjective.

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Learning Unit 2 Modal verbs, politely asking for something and possessive pronouns

Regular comparatives & superlatives

ONE SYLLABLE ADJECTIVES

Adjective Comparative Superlative

Tall Taller The tallest

Fat Fatter The fattest

Big Bigger The Biggest

Sad Sad The saddest

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Modal verbs, politely asking for something and possessive pronouns Learning Unit 2

TWO SYLLABLE ADJECTIVES

Adjective Comparative Superlative

Happy Happier The Happiest

Lucky Luckier The Luckiest

Careful More careful The most careful

Serious More serious The most serious

Acute More acute/acuter The most acute/acutest

TWO AND MORE SYLLABLE ADJECTIVES

Adjective Comparative Superlative

Famous More famous The most famous

Important More important The most important

Expensive More expensive The most expensive

Interesting More interesting The most interesting

Beautiful More beautiful The most beautiful

Irregular comparatives and superlatives

Positive Comparative Superlative
Good = Bueno Better = major The best = el mejor
Bad = mal Worse = peor The worst = el peor
Little = pequeño Less = menos The least = lo menos
Much = mucho More = más The most = lo más
Many = muchos More = más The most = lo más
Far = lejos Farther = mas lejano The farthest = el más lejano
Far = lejos Further = más lejano The furthest = el más lejano
Old = Viejo Older = más Viejo The oldest = el más Viejo
Old = viejo Elder = más viejo The eldest = el más viejo
Late = tarde Later = más tarde The latest = el último
Late = tarde Later = más tarde The last = el último

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Use adjective below writing the positive, comparative or superlative

Happy tall good strong fat large easy wise

Cold heavy thing fast old long tall large

Example : Lead is the heaviest of all the metals (heavy)

1. This coffee is very weak. I prefer it a bit…………….. ( )
2. The Wabash River flows ………………….. in spring than in fall ( )
3. Bill has bought a ………………….. car. ( )
4. The giraffe is ………………. than man. ( )
5. Paul is the ………………… boy in our class. ( )
6. Who is your ………….….. singer? ( )
7. Sam is ………………… than Tom. ( )
8. You look ………….…. Have you lost weight?
9. The children look ……………… today. ( )
10. It’s ………………..… today than yesterday. ( )
11. Australia is ………………… island in the world ( )
12. The test was ……………….. than we had expected ( )
13. The elephant has ………………..…. Trunk. ( )
14. Kilimanjaro in Africa is ….………….. than Mount Blanc in Europe. ( )
15. King Solomon was ………..………… of the kings we have ever heard of. ( )

WRITE THE COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE

ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

Busy

young

far

noisy

boring

high

cheap

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heavy

early

little

much

Interesting

excessive

obsessive

safe

regular

poisonous

hygienic

Many

Much

Good

Long

Expensive

Lucky

A. Complete the sentences with a comparative or superlative adjective. Using the word
in parenthesis.

1. This calculator is (new) …………………………… than your calculator.

2. Liliana is (old) ………………………… than Carla.
3. Richard is (young) ………………. Than Philip.
4. Leticia is (young) …………………… in the class.
5. Your car is (fast) ………………….. than this car.
6. Your horse is (fast) ……………….. in the race.
7. This building is (big) ……………… than my house!
8. This building (big) ………………… in the neighborhood.

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B. Write the comparative or superlative form. Using the word in parenthesis.

1. Jose is …………………… than Ed (short)

2. Carlos is the ………………… (thin)
3. Liz is the ……………….. (short)
4. Mary has the …………… clothes (colorful)
5. Micaela is ……………. Than Matilde (heavy)
6. Ed is the ………………. (light)
7. Jose is ………………. Than Fredy (happy)
8. Dean is the ………….. (mysterious)

C. Write the comparative of the following adjective

1. Cold …………………………….
2. Happy ……………………………
3. Large ……………………………
4. Difficult ……………………………
5. Important ……………………………
6. Hard ……………………………
7. Dangerous ……………………………
8. Slow ……………………………

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Modal verbs, politely asking for something and possessive pronouns Learning Unit 2

Read this text about the old colonel and bold present perfect tense.

I think I have had a very interesting life. I'm 73 now and I don't work anymore. I was
in the army for 51 years. I retired when I was 69. I have been to so many countries that I can't
remember all of them. I've been to Australia six or seven times and to South Africa three
times. I have also been once to Russia but I didn't like it at all: much too cold for me!

They say that love is the greatest thing and I agree. I've been married four times but never for
more than five years. I don't think women really understand me!. I've never been on television,
but I've been on the radio once. It was a program about life in the military about twenty years
ago. I met the Prime Minister on the same day. Actually, I've met a lot of famous people:
members of the royal family, famous politicians and also famous cinema and television
personalities. I've never met the American President though which is a pity.

Because I've travelled a lot, I've seen a lot of wonderful things and have also eaten and drunk
some strange foods and drinks. I ate cat and rat in India and drank something called Mirto on a
little island in Italy many years ago.

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Warm UP : Experience

I've visited Italy just once in my life, but I felt an instant

connection to the country when I stepped foot in the Milano
Centrale train station in late September 2012.

A. Write the past participle of the next verbs.

Present Past Past participle

Take

Run

Come

Arrive

Write

Put

Buy

Close

Clean

Sell

Know

Begin

Drive

Tell

Sleep

Be

Hear

Have

Cook

Jump
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Modal verbs, politely asking for something and possessive pronouns Learning Unit 2

Present Perfect in its three tenses: positive, negative and interrogative.

Affirmative sentences:

I have worked here since 2007.

You have worked there since last January.

He has worked in the bank for 3 years.

Alexandra has worked as a secretary since she came from Argentina.

The building has been pulled down.

We have just finished our homework.

They have been in the yard since 3 pm.

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Learning Unit 2 Modal verbs, politely asking for something and possessive pronouns

Negative sentences:
Luis has not lived in the city.
Lila hasn’t finished her career.
Contractions
The boys have not played soccer in the stadium.
I have = I’ve
I haven’t seen her since I left school.
Have not = haven’t
She has = She’s
Questions and short answers:
Has not = hasn’t
Have you gone to the beach in winter?
Yes, I have
Have you cleaned your tooth?
No, we haven’t.
What has Juber bought?
He has bought a new house.

Writing
Have you done these things in the past? Make questions and write short answers:
1. Eat cat 3. Travel by helicopter 5. Have a car accident
2. Meet someone famous 4. Talk in public 6. Be depressed
Have you eaten Italian food? No, I haven’t
1. …………………………………….. ……………
2. …………………………………….. ……………
3. …………………………………….. ……………
4. …………………………………….. ……………
5. …………………………………….. ……………
6. …………………………………….. ……………

For Fourteen days A long period

A week The last 3 years
Seven months Few days
I have visited Italy A long time 24 hours
since 2003 My last birthday
October 12th December
Thursday The day I met you
Spring Last year

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Modal verbs, politely asking for something and possessive pronouns Learning Unit 2

Answer these questions about yourself use since or for:

1. How long have you known your teacher?
……………………………………………………………
2. How long have you had this book?
……………………………………………………………
3. How long have you worked in a bank?
……………………………………………………………
4. How long have you lived at your present address?
……………………………………………………………
5. How long have you started study English?
……………………………………………………………
6. How long have you been in Arequipa?
……………………………………………………………
7. How long have you know your boyfriend/girlfriend?
…………………………………………………………….
8. How long have you read “Los Heraldos negros”?
……………………………………………………………

Fill in the spaces in these sentences with either "for" or "since".

1. _______ the dentist took out that tooth of mine, it's been really painful. I should go back to
her.

2. You have worked really well _______the morning coffee break. Well done!

3. You've eaten fast food _____the whole of the break. Are you a little hungry?

4. They have been married _____1985. They are the happiest couple I know.

5. Your sister has studied ______longer than any other student in her class for this exam.

6. _______ I was born, I have always had one arm longer than the other. The doctors can't
explain it!

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Learning Unit 2 Modal verbs, politely asking for something and possessive pronouns

Present perfect Just, yet and already

You can use the present perfect with the following particles:
Just (i.e., a short time ago): to say something has happened a short time ago:
• Dr. Ky has just arrived at the hospital.

Already: to say something has happened sooner than expected:

• The second-year resident has already finished her presentation.

Yet : In this situation we use yet to show that the speaker is expecting something to happen,
but only in questions and negative sentences:

• Dr. Nam has not arrived yet.

We can also use yet with the simple past:
• Dr. Nam did not arrive yet.

Exercises:
1.She / already/to meet/all her neighbours in a week.
___________________________________________
2. The postman/not arrive/yet.
___________________________________________
3. You / have breakfast / yet?.
___________________________________________
4. My son / go / already / to bed.
___________________________________________
5. You/not be bored yet/ at your job.
____________________________________________
6. I / not be / yet / at your new house.
____________________________________________
7. He / has just / a shower/take.
________________________________________
8.We / watch already/ that film twice.

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Modal verbs, politely asking for something and possessive pronouns Learning Unit 2

Comparatives and superlatives

Adjectives can compare two or more nouns or pronouns. Add er to an adjective to make the
comparative form. The superlative form of an adjective compares more than two things or
people. Add the ....est to an adjective to make the superlative form.
Re-write each sentences below using the comparative or superlative form of the
adjective in parenthesis.
Example : You are (tall) than me.
You are taller than me

1.The fish I caught is (big) than the one you caught.

______________________________________________________________
2. That is the (small) umbrella I have ever seen!
_______________________________________________________________
3. She is the (pretty) girl I have ever seen.
________________________________________________________________
4.My friend is (fabulous) than yours.
________________________________________________________________

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 Learning Unit 2 Modal verbs, politely asking for something and possessive pronouns

5.That building is (large) than the one next to it.

________________________________________________________________
6.Who has the (easy) job in our family?
________________________________________________________________
7. Do you think the screwdriver is (useful) than a hammer?
________________________________________________________________
8. The television looks (big) at the store than It does in my living room.
________________________________________________________________

Fill in the correct form of the words in brackets (comparative or superlative).

1. My house is (big) ____________ than yours.

2. This flower is (beautiful) _____________ than that one.
3. This is the (interesting) ______________ book I have ever read.
4. Non-smokers usually live (long) ______________ than smokers.
5. Which is the (dangerous) __________________ animal in the world?
6. A holiday by the sea is (good) _______________ than a holiday in the mountains.
7. It is strange but often a coke is (expensive) ______________ than a beer.
8. Who is the (rich) ________________ woman on earth?
9. The weather this summer is even (bad) ______________ than last summer.
10. He was the (clever) _______________ thief of all.

Write the opposite of the following adjectives

Small
Fast
Easy
Tall
Pretty
Old
Difficult
Strong
Interesting
Cold
Cheap
Danger

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 Summary Unit 2

1. _________

2. _________

3. _________

4. _________

5. _________

6. _________

7. __________

8. __________

9. __________

10. _________

Fill in the blanks below to complete the sentences. Use comparative adjectives.
1. summer / winter / hot _____________________________________________________
2. football / bowling / exciting _________________________________________________
3. Asia / Europe / big _________________________________________________________
4. weekends / weekdays / good __________________________________________________
5. cats / lions / small __________________________________________________________
6. John / Stewart / busy ________________________________________________________
7. horses / cows / fast _________________________________________________________
8. my uncle / my aunt / funny ___________________________________________________
9. this movie / that movie / interesting ____________________________________________
10. the flu / a cold / bad ________________________________________________________
11. the sun / he moon / far ______________________________________________________
12. I / my friend / tired ________________________________________________________
13. tigers / giraffes / dangerous __________________________________________________
14. January / August / cold _____________________________________________________
15. my grandfather / my father / old ______________________________________________
 Present Perfect Tense – Past Participles

A. Write the simple past and past participle of the following verbs.
Simple form Simple past Past participle
1.work
2.do
3.eat
4.call
5. begin
6. give
7. answer
8. see
9. have
10. go
11. study
12. teach
13. make
14. talk

B. Complete the chart below with the correct form of the verb.
Simple form Simple past Past participle
Knew
met
was / were
fly
Wrote
read
live
Fell
Feel
taken
Drove
Complete with the Past Participle of the verb to build a Present Perfect
1.Have you already ______________ to Africa ? (go)
2. I have _______________________ a book about my adventures (write)
3. She hasn’t ____________________ her homework yet (finish)
4. I have already _________________ what the problem was (forget)
5. I have never ___________________ America (visit)
6. She has already ________________ that film (see)

Match the element to build correct sentences

1. The teacher has already a. chosen her new computer?
2. Has your brother b. liked this woman
3. Mrs Joyce is very unpleasant. I’ve never c. three times.
4. I have already d. explained how to do the exercises.
5. Has your mother already e. such delicious cake!
6. I’ve never eaten f. already broken his new skis?
Recommended Reading
 Activities and / or Exercises
Check this web page to practice grammar of The Presente perfect tense.
https://englishstudypage.com/grammar/present-perfect-tense/

http://kfrclasses.pbworks.com/f/Comparatives%20Superlatives%20worksheet%20with%20an
swers.pdf